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Rahman A, Haider MF. A comprehensive review on glucocorticoids induced osteoporosis: A medication caused disease. Steroids 2024; 207:109440. [PMID: 38754651 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that are extensively used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, inflammation, and cancer. The major ill effect of administering GCs is that it has a deleterious effect on bone, which leads to GC-induced osteoporosis. GC therapy induces bone loss and is associated with the risk of nonvertebral and vertebral fractures, as it works in combination by increasing bone reabsorption and suppressing bone formation during the initial phase of therapy. It is seen and established that GC in excess or in low dose for 3 months or more can be a risk factor for fracture, and the risk increases with an increase in dose and duration of usage. The most common cause of secondary osteoporosis is the administration of GC inside the body to treat various diseases. The degree of bone loss is directly proportional to the GC dose and the exposure duration. The first step is to evaluate the patients' risk factors for the development of glucocorticoids that induce osteoporosis, which include the dose, duration of use, patient age, sex, previous fractures, and other medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Rahman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Md Faheem Haider
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
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Zhang Z, Hu Q, Yang C, Chen M, Han B. Sirolimus is effective for primary refractory/relapsed warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia/Evans syndrome: a retrospective single-center study. Ann Med 2023; 55:2282180. [PMID: 37967535 PMCID: PMC10653746 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2282180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some patients with warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (wAIHA) or Evans syndrome (ES) have no response to glucocorticoid or relapse. Recent studies found that sirolimus was effective in autoimmune cytopenia with a low relapse rate. METHODS Data from patients with refractory/relapsed wAIHA and ES in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2016 to May 2022 who had been treated with sirolimus for at least 6 months and followed up for at least 12 months were collected retrospectively. Baseline and follow-up clinical data were recorded and the rate of complete response (CR), partial response (PR) at different time points, adverse events, relapse, outcomes, and factors that may affect the efficacy and relapse were analyzed. RESULTS There were 44 patients enrolled, with 9 (20.5%) males and a median age of 44 (range: 18-86) years. 37 (84.1%) patients were diagnosed as wAIHA, and 7 (15.9%) as ES. Patients were treated with sirolimus for a median of 23 (range: 6-80) months and followed up for a median of 25 (range: 12-80) months. 35 (79.5%) patients responded to sirolimus, and 25 (56.8%) patients achieved an optimal response of CR. Mucositis (11.4%), infection (9.1%), and alanine aminotransferase elevation (9.1%) were the most common adverse events. 5/35 patients (14.3%) relapsed at a median of 19 (range: 15-50) months. Patients with a higher sirolimus plasma trough concentration had a higher overall response (OR) and CR rate (p = 0.009, 0.011, respectively). At the time of enrolment, patients were divided into two subgroups that relapsed or refractory to glucocorticoid, and the former had poorer relapse-free survival (p = 0.032) than the other group. CONCLUSION Sirolimus is effective for patients with primary refractory/relapsed wAIHA and ES, with a low relapse rate and mild side effects. Patients with a higher sirolimus plasma trough concentration had a higher OR and CR rate, and patients who relapsed to glucocorticoid treatment had poorer relapse-free survival than those who were refractory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglin Hu
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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Dong B, Zhou Y, Wang J, Li C, Fu Z, Huang Y, Wang Y, Xu L. Comparison of Bisphosphonates Versus Teriparatide in Therapy of the Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis (GIOP): A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Horm Metab Res 2023; 55:236-244. [PMID: 36652960 DOI: 10.1055/a-2015-1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized as decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of bone fracture. Secondary OP resulting from excess endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoid is defined as glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Current therapeutic strategies for GIOP are similar to menopausal osteoporosis, including calcium and vitamin D supplementation, bisphosphonates, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogues (teriparatide). Previously, several published meta-analyses compared anti-osteoporotic agents for the menopausal or aging-dependent OP. However, the physiopathologic bone metabolism of GIOP is different. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of BMD enhancement, bone fracture rate and safety of bisphosphonates versus teriparatide in the therapy of GIOP. We searched databases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until Jan 2023, and selected ten random clinical trials (RCT)s that compared the efficacy and/or safety of bisphosphonate versus teriparatide for GIOP patients. Teriparatide therapy increased lumber spinal BMD by 3.96% (95% CI 3.01-4.9%, p<0.00001), 1.23% (95% CI 0.36-2.1%, p=0.006) at total hip, and 1.45% (95% CI 0.31-2.58%, p=0.01) at femoral neck, respectively, compared to bisphosphonates at 18-month therapy for GIOP. Teriparatide also reduced bone fracture especially in vertebral bone (p=0.0001, RR 6.27, 95% CI 2.44-16.07), and increased bone formation and resorption marker levels. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse effects in bisphosphonate and teriparatide groups. Teriparatide showed better performance over bisphosphonate in BMD enhancement, bone fracture reduction, and bone remodeling improvement, without increasing the incidence of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzi Dong
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Endocrinology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengqian Li
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengju Fu
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yajing Huang
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Wan X, Wang X, Pang R, Xu C, Shi W, Zhang H, Li H, Li Z. Mapping knowledge landscapes and emerging trends of the links between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: A bibliometric analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1019691. [PMID: 36600941 PMCID: PMC9806179 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1019691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis has the characteristics of degenerative changes in articular cartilage and secondary osteoporosis, and it is a common chronic irreversible joint disease. In addition to affecting articular cartilage, subchondral bone, joint capsule and synovial membrane also undergo pathological changes during the development of the disease. Multiple studies have revealed that patients with osteoarthritis were found to have a significantly increased risk of osteoporosis, which also contributes to the progression of osteoarthritis. However, in the current existing studies, we found that no scholars have used bibliometric analysis in the study of the relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. From the perspective of bibliometrics, this study summarizes in detail the degree of cooperation between countries, research institutions, authors, and related journals in the field of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis research and their respective influence. In this way, the evolution of knowledge structure, the change of research focus and the hot topics with research potential in the future can be further visualized and analyzed. Methods Search the Web of Science core collection in Science Citation Index Expanded for articles and reviews of research on osteoarthritis and osteoporosis from 1998 to 2021. Bibliometric tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, were be frequently used in our study. They are mainly used to analyze collaborations between countries, research institutions, and publication authors. Meantime, co-citation analysis of journals, co-occurrence analysis of keywords and subject categories will also be reflected in the study. Results According to the search strategy, 1,078 publications were included during the period 1998-2021. And the number of annual publications on the relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis is on the rise. The United States has achieved the most and contributed the most in this field and the Boston University was the most prolific institution. For the statistical analysis of published publications, Reginster JY had the highest number of publications, while Felson DT had the highest co-citation frequency. Respectively, Osteoarthritis And Cartilage was the most productive journal in this area of research. The keywords "inflammation," "expression," and "mesenchymal stem cells" may also be the development trend and research hotspot of the future research direction in this field. Conclusions In our study, the relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis was analyzed by using literature measurement. These analysis results can lead researchers to learn more directly about the trend in this area and provide guidance for determining popular research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- The First Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunlei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Hui Li
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Zhijun Li
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Chu H, Jang BH, Kim G, Bae S, Lee H, Nam S, Ahn J. Comparative effectiveness of bisphosphonate treatments for the prevention of re-fracture in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062537. [PMID: 36167395 PMCID: PMC9516213 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term usage of glucocorticoids results in a loss of bone mass and a higher risk of fracture, and the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis is glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). For preventing GIOP, bisphosphonate (BP) is widely used. However, analysis on BP's effect on the prevention of re-fracture is insufficient. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the comparative treatment effect and prevention of re-fracture according to the type of BP in GIOP as the basis for a reliable clinical strategy for patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will search electronic databases of the PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE using a comprehensive search strategy in December 2021 with no language restriction. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, controlled trials and cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness of BP to the patients with GIOP will be included in this study. The primary outcome will be the incidence of hip, vertebral and other fractures. The secondary outcome will include percentage changes on the bone mineral density and incidence of re-fracture. Assessing risk of bias for included studies is done using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies-of Intervention tool. If quantitative synthesis is possible, a meta-analysis will be performed. A subgroup analysis will be conducted to compare re-fracture rate on the patients with GIOP who experience previous fractures. This study's result will provide evidence for the effectiveness of BP in the prevention of re-fracture on patients with GIOP. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The results will be disseminated through publishing in a peer-reviewed journal or public presentations. Ethical approval is not required as this is a systematic review of publicly available data. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022343787.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Chu
- Daecheong Public Health Subcenter, Ongjin Public Health Center, Incheon, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Bo-Hyoung Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - GaYoon Kim
- Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seowoo Bae
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyeju Lee
- Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seonghee Nam
- Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jeonghoon Ahn
- Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
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Yamasaki S, Kamezaki K, Ito Y, Horiuchi T. Bisphosphonate Use for Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis in Elderly Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia Receiving Prolonged Steroid Therapy: A Single Institute Retrospective Study. Hematol Rep 2022; 14:276-285. [PMID: 36135323 PMCID: PMC9498807 DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep14030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prednisolone, used as a standard initial treatment for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), is an important risk factor for osteoporosis. To investigate the prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) in elderly ITP patients receiving prolonged steroid therapy, associations between GIO prevention and the real-world data of score changes of a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, FRAX® and the Garvan tool during the initial loading of prednisolone were examined. In our institute, 22 ITP patients aged ≥ 70 years received 0.5−1.0 mg/kg prednisolone for 2−3 weeks as the initial ITP treatment between 2014 and 2021. The femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DXA scan was entered into FRAX® to define the risk-adapted approach to bisphosphonate during the initial loading of prednisolone. Bisphosphonate was administered according to <−1.0 femoral neck BMD T-score measured by DXA scan. Worse scores of FRAX® and the Garvan tool were associated with bisphosphonate use for short-term fracture prevention in primary GIO; however, there were no incidents of fracture or significant differences in probabilities determined by FRAX® and the Garvan tool. During the initial loading of prednisolone, prescribing bisphosphonate might prevent the reduction in BMD in elderly patients with ITP receiving prolonged steroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-977-27-1600; Fax: +81-977-27-1641
| | - Kenjiro Kamezaki
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization, Fukuoka Higashi Medical Center, Fukuoka 811-3195, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Ito
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima 890-0064, Japan
| | - Takahiko Horiuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major public health problem with serious long-term complications. In children, the definition of osteoporosis is not only based on densitometric criteria but also takes into account vertebral and long bone fragility fractures. Several factors, such as long-term high-dose steroids, chronic inflammation, malnutrition, immobility, lack of sex steroids, and medication can reduce bone density and increase the risk for fragility fractures when left untreated. Also, genetic conditions can predispose to primary bone fragility disorders, with osteogenesis imperfecta being the most common. Furthermore, since the growing skeleton is at an increased rate of bone remodeling, the ability to heal long bone fractures and reshape vertebral fractures differentiates children from adults. The scope of this chapter is to review the risk factors of osteoporosis and fragility fractures and describe the commonest causes of primary and secondary osteoporosis and their management in children and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia D Sakka
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, UK; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Paediatrics, Athens University Medical School, 'Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital', Athens, Greece.
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Liu ZM, Zhang M, Zong Y, Zhang D, Shen ZB, Guan XQ, Yin F. The efficiency and safety of alendronate versus teriparatide for treatment glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: A meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267706. [PMID: 35639783 PMCID: PMC9154179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common secondary osteoporosis, alendronate (ALE) and teriparatide (TPTD) are widely used in the treatment of GIOP. However, which of these two drugs has a better curative effect needs the support of evidence-based medicine. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials of ALE and TPTD in the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis until February 2022. These patients included in the study took glucocorticoid doses greater than 7.5 mg/d for more than 3 months before treatment with ALE and TPTD. The risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) are used as the influence index of discontinuous data, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% CI are used as the influence index of continuous data. Results A total of 4102 patients were enrolled in all 5 studies that met the admission criteria. We found that compared with ALE, TPTD could reduce the rate of new vertebral fracture (RR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05–0.34, P<0.00001). TPTD increased LS bone mineral density (BMD) (0.53, 95% CI 0.42–0.64, P<0.00001), TH BMD (0.17, 95% CI 0.05–0.28, P = 0.004) and FN BMD (0.17, 95% CI 0.05–0.29, P = 0.006) compared to ALE. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of non-vertebral fracture and adverse events between the two groups. Conclusions Compared with ALE, TPTD is an effective drug to reduce vertebral fracture risk in patients with GIOP. Furthermore, long-term use of TPTD can increase the bone mineral density of LS, FN, and TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yuan Zong
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Zhu-Bin Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
- * E-mail:
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Rymuza J, Pelewicz K, Przedlacki J, Miśkiewicz P. Therapy With Intravenous Methylprednisolone Pulses Is Associated With Loss of Bone Microarchitecture in Trabecular Bone Score -Assessment Among Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Graves' Orbitopathy: A Pilot Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:893600. [PMID: 35909547 PMCID: PMC9331277 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.893600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy with intravenous glucocorticoids (GCs) is associated with various side effects, however, the impact on bone remains elusive. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a diagnostic tool providing information on bone microarchitecture based on images obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We investigated the influence of the intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) pulse administration on TBS in patients with moderate-to-severe Graves' orbitopathy (GO). METHODS Fifteen patients with GO were treated with 12 IVMP pulses (6x0.5g, 6x0.25 g on a weekly schedule). They received supplementation with 2000 IU of vitamin D and 1.0 g of calcium throughout the study period. TBS was assessed at baseline and after last IVMP pulse. To determine the difference between values at baseline and after treatment the least significant change (LSC) methodology was used. We compared pre- and posttreatment mean TBS values. RESULTS We found a significant decrease of TBS in 5 out of 15 (33%) patients. Mean TBS value decreased becoming 2.4% lower than at baseline (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS IVMP pulse therapy exerts negative effect on bone microarchitecture in TBS assessment. The analysis of the clinical risk factors for osteoporosis and the evaluation of bone mineral density and TBS should be considered before initiating IVMP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rymuza
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pelewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Przedlacki
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Miśkiewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Piotr Miśkiewicz,
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The association of asthma and its subgroups with osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study using KoGES HEXA data. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2020; 16:84. [PMID: 32999682 PMCID: PMC7519551 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-020-00482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A few studies have reported the association between asthma and osteoporosis. We aimed to analyze the association of asthma and its subgroups with osteoporosis in the Korean adult population. Methods We used the health examinee (HEXA) data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) obtained between 2004 and 2016. We included 162,579 participants (n = 3,160 with asthma; n = 159,419 controls) who reported their previous histories of asthma and osteoporosis. The participants were categorized into 3 groups based on asthma management: participants who did not need further treatment due to controlled symptoms (well controlled); participants with ongoing treatment (being treated); participants who were not treated even though they had symptoms (not being treated). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for osteoporosis. Subgroup analyses for age and sex were conducted. Results The prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in patients with asthma (13.6%) than in controls (6.8%). In the full-adjusted model, the aORs for osteoporosis were 1.74 (95% CI 1.55-1.94, P < 0.001) in patients with asthma compared to controls. There were consistent findings across the age and sex subgroups. The aORs for osteoporosis were 1.43 (95% CI 1.10-1.86, P = 0.008) in the well-controlled asthma group; 1.55 (95% CI 1.28-1.89, P < 0.001) in the being treated asthma group; and 1.96 (95% CI 1.66-2.31, P < 0.001) in the not being treated asthma group compared to the control group. Conclusion Asthma was associated with osteoporosis in the Korean adult population. Patients with asthma not being treated showed the highest ORs for osteoporosis.
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Florez H, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Carrasco JL, Prieto-González S, Muxi A, Filella X, Ruiz-Gaspà S, Gómez-Puerta JA, Cid M, Espinosa G, Monegal A, Guañabens N, Peris P. Vertebral fracture risk in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: the role of hypogonadism and corticosteroid boluses. RMD Open 2020; 6:rmdopen-2020-001355. [PMID: 32917834 PMCID: PMC7520700 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with fragility fracture (FF) development in glucocorticoid (GC)-treated patients. METHODS 127 patients (aged 62±18 years, 63% women) on GC-treatment (mean dose 14.5±14.1 mg/day and duration 47.7±69 months) were included. The clinical data collected included bone metabolism study (including gonadal axis), GC-treatment, disease activity, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analysis (evaluating densitometric osteoporosis (OP) and trabecular bone score (TBS) degraded microarchitecture values (DMA)), X-ray (assessing vertebral fractures (VF)), FRAX risk (GC-adjusted) and previous FF. RESULTS 17% of the patients had VF, 28% FF (VF and/or non-VF), 29% OP and 52% DMA. Patients with VF received more GC boluses (57.1% vs 29.5%, p=0.03), were older (68±13 vs 60±19 years, p=0.02), postmenopausal (100% vs 67%, p=0.02), had low testosterone levels (57% vs 11%, p=0.02), lower TBS values (1.119±0.03 vs 1.237±0.013, p<0.001) and higher FRAX risk (17.2±16 vs 9.3±7.6, p=0.003). Patients with FF showed higher accumulated GC doses (16.6±18.4 vs 11.1±12.9 g, p=0.046). On multivariate analysis, hypogonadism (OR 12.38; 95% CI 1.85 to >100, p=0.01) and having received GC boluses (OR 3.45; 95% CI 1.04 to 12.15, p=0.01) were the main factors related to VF. Hypogonadism (OR 7.03; 95% CI 1.47 to 38.37, p=0.01) and FRAX >20 (OR 7.08; 95% CI 1.28 to 53.71, p=0.02) were factors related to FF. CONCLUSION Hypogonadism is the principal risk factor for developing fractures in GC-treated men and women, whereas receiving GC boluses is a major factor for VF. These results indicate the importance of evaluating the gonadal axis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Florez
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain .,Department of Rheumatology, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluis Carrasco
- Biostatistics, Department of Basic Clinical Practice, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Prieto-González
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Africa Muxi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Filella
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Ruiz-Gaspà
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A Gómez-Puerta
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Cid
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Espinosa
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Monegal
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Rheumatology, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Guañabens
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Rheumatology, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Peris
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Rheumatology, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Chotiyarnwong P, McCloskey EV. Pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and options for treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:437-447. [PMID: 32286516 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely used to suppress inflammation or the immune system. High doses and long-term use of glucocorticoids lead to an important and common iatrogenic complication, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, in a substantial proportion of patients. Glucocorticoids mainly increase bone resorption during the initial phase (the first year of treatment) by enhancing the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts. Glucocorticoids also inhibit osteoblastogenesis and promote apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes, resulting in decreased bone formation during long-term use. Several indirect effects of glucocorticoids on bone metabolism, such as suppression of production of insulin-like growth factor 1 or growth hormone, are involved in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Fracture risk assessment for all patients with long-term use of oral glucocorticoids is required. Non-pharmacological interventions to manage the risk of fracture should be prescribed to all patients, while pharmacological management is reserved for patients who have increased fracture risk. Various treatment options can be used, ranging from bisphosphonates to denosumab, as well as teriparatide. Finally, appropriate monitoring during treatment is also important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pojchong Chotiyarnwong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Mellanby Centre For Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eugene V McCloskey
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Mellanby Centre For Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Centre for Metabolic Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK.
- Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK.
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13
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Osteoarthritis Is a Low-Grade Inflammatory Disease: Obesity's Involvement and Herbal Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2037484. [PMID: 31781260 PMCID: PMC6874989 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2037484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered a major cause of disability around the globe. This handicapping disease causes important cartilage and bone alteration that is associated with serious pains and loss of joint function. Despite its frequent association with obesity, the aetiology of OA is not fully understood. In this review, the different aspects of OA and its correlation with obesity were analysed. Through examining different mechanisms by which obesity may trigger and/or exacerbate OA, we point out some relevant signalling pathways that may evolve as candidates for pharmacological drug development. As such, we also suggest a review of different herbal medicines (HMs) and their main compounds, which specifically interfere with the identified pathways. We have shown that obesity's involvement in OA is not only limited to the mechanical weight exerted on the joints (mechanical hypothesis), but also induces an inflammatory state by different mechanisms, including increased leptin expression, compromised gut mucosa, and/or gut microbiota disruption. The main signalling pathways involved in OA inflammation, which are associated with obesity, are protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and TLR4 or DAP12. Moreover, we also underline the contamination of plant extracts with LPS as an important factor to consider when studying HM's effects on articular cells. By summarizing recent publications, this review aims at highlighting newly established aspects of obesity involvement in OA other than the mechanical one.
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14
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Sato AY, Cregor M, McAndrews K, Li T, Condon KW, Plotkin LI, Bellido T. Glucocorticoid-Induced Bone Fragility Is Prevented in Female Mice by Blocking Pyk2/Anoikis Signaling. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1659-1673. [PMID: 31081900 PMCID: PMC6591015 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Excess of glucocorticoids (GCs) is a leading cause of bone fragility, and therapeutic targets are sorely needed. We report that genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) prevents GC-induced bone loss by overriding GC effects of detachment-induced bone cell apoptosis (anoikis). In wild-type or vehicle-treated mice, GCs either prevented osteoclast apoptosis or promoted osteoblast/osteocyte apoptosis. In contrast, mice lacking Pyk2 [knockout (KO)] or treated with Pyk2 kinase inhibitor PF-431396 (PF) were protected. KO or PF-treated mice were also protected from GC-induced bone resorption, microarchitecture deterioration, and weakening of biomechanical properties. In KO and PF-treated mice, GC increased osteoclasts in bone and circulating tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase form 5b, an index of osteoclast number. However, bone surfaces covered by osteoclasts and circulating C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen, an index of osteoclast function, were not increased. The mismatch between osteoclast number vs function induced by Pyk2 deficiency/inhibition was due to osteoclast detachment and anoikis. Further, GC prolongation of osteoclast lifespan was absent in KO and PF-treated osteoclasts, demonstrating Pyk2 as an intrinsic osteoclast-survival regulator. Circumventing Pyk2 activation preserves skeletal integrity by preventing GC effects on bone cell survival (proapoptotic for osteoblasts/osteocytes, antiapoptotic for osteoclasts) and GC-induced bone resorption. Thus, Pyk2/anoikis signaling as a therapeutic target for GC-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Meloney Cregor
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kevin McAndrews
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Troy Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Keith W Condon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Correspondence: Teresita Bellido, PhD, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS5045A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. E-mail:
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15
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Yasuda Y, Iwama S, Arima H. Severe hypocalcemia following denosumab treatment in a patient with secondary osteoporosis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Endocr J 2019; 66:271-275. [PMID: 30713246 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) has been known as a cause of secondary osteoporosis, which often requires medication. Herein, we give the first report of a case of a 38-year-old man with fatigue and paralysis in both upper limbs who had been treated with denosumab for secondary osteoporosis associated with PSC. Since bisphosphonate (alendronate) was ineffective in our patient, the treatment was changed from alendronate to denosumab. Despite replacements with calcium and active vitamin D (alfacalcidol; 1-hydroxycholecalciferol), he developed severe hypocalcemia (albumin-adjusted serum calcium: 5.2 mg/dL) 2 weeks after the second administration of denosumab, which required immediate correction. After that, the corrected serum calcium levels were controlled within the normal range with 0.75 μg of eldecalcitol (1α,25-dihydroxy-2β-(3-hydroxypropyloxy)vitamin D3) and increased doses of calcium (1,500 mg daily) and phosphate (900 mg daily) without denosumab. Even though denosumab treatment had been terminated, the T score of the lumbar spine improved from -4.4 to -2.6 by 1 year after the second administration, possibly due to the amelioration of osteomalacia through the treatment with eldecalcitol and the higher doses of calcium and phosphate. This report indicates that denosumab can cause severe hypocalcemia in patients with osteoporosis associated with chronic diseases of the hepatobiliary system including PSC, in turn suggesting that the possibility of vitamin D deficiency or osteomalacia should be considered before administering treatments and that serum calcium levels should be closely monitored to detect life-threatening hypocalcemia in patients who have high risk factors for hypocalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Yasuda
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Shintaro Iwama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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16
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Hill QA, Grainger JD, Thachil J, Provan D, Evans G, Garg M, Bradbury C, Bagot C, Kanis JA, Compston JE. The prevention of glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis in patients with immune thrombocytopenia receiving steroids: a British Society for Haematology Good Practice Paper. Br J Haematol 2019; 185:410-417. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John D. Grainger
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
- Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Jecko Thachil
- Department of Haematology Manchester Royal Infirmary Manchester UK
| | - Drew Provan
- Department of Haematology Barts& The London School of Medicine & Dentistry London UK
| | - Gillian Evans
- Department of Haematology Kent and Canterbury Hospital Canterbury UK
| | - Mamta Garg
- Department of Haematology Leicester Royal Infirmary Leicester UK
| | - Charlotte Bradbury
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol UK
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Catherine Bagot
- Department of Haematology Glasgow Royal Infirmary Glasgow UK
| | - John A. Kanis
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases University of Sheffield Medical School Sheffield UK
- Institute for Health and Ageing Australian Catholic University Melbourne Australia
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17
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Choi YJ, Lee HY, Yoon D, Kim A, Shin YS, Park HS, Ye YM. Trabecular Bone Score Is More Sensitive to Asthma Severity and Glucocorticoid Treatment Than Bone Mineral Density in Asthmatics. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019; 11:343-356. [PMID: 30912324 PMCID: PMC6439196 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.3.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose In asthmatic patients, treatment with corticosteroids, in addition to conventional risk factors for osteoporosis, may lead to bone loss. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is an indirect new parameter of bone quality. This study aimed to evaluate TBS in asthmatics in comparison to propensity score-matched controls and to investigate correlations between TBS and cumulative systemic and inhaled corticosteroid doses 1 year prior to bone mineral density (BMD) measurement in patients with asthma. Methods In total, 627 patients with asthma and the same number of non-asthmatic controls matched for sex and age were included in this retrospective cohort study. TBS was calculated in the lumbar region, based on 2 dimensional projections of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results Patients with severe asthma exhibited lower vertebral TBS values (1.32 ± 0.1) than those with non-severe asthma (1.36 ± 0.1, P = 0.001), with non-active asthma (1.38 ± 0.1, P < 0.001), and without asthma (1.39 ± 0.1, P < 0.001). No significant differences in BMD were noted among the study groups. TBS was significantly correlated with cumulative systemic and inhaled corticosteroid doses as well as asthma duration, lung function and airway hyper-responsiveness. A generalized linear model revealed that age, severe asthma, and frequency of oral corticosteroid burst were significant predictors for TBS levels. Conclusions TBS can be used as an early indicator of altered bone quality stemming from glucocorticoid therapy or, possibly, more severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jun Choi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dukyong Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Anhye Kim
- Clinical Trial Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Min Ye
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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18
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Technetium-99 Conjugated with Methylene Diphosphonate Ameliorates Glucocorticoid Induced Osteoporosis by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7902760. [PMID: 30406140 PMCID: PMC6204167 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7902760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Technetium-99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate (99Tc-MDP) is an effective anti-inflammatory drug in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for over 15 years in China. However, as a special form of bisphosphonate, the antiosteoporotic effect of 99Tc-MDP is unclear. We systematically investigated the effects of 99Tc-MDP on cancellous and cortical bone, respectively, in glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis (GIO) animal models. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: blank, negative control, high dose, medium dose, low dose, and positive control groups. After dexamethasone was given to all groups except the blank group to induce osteoporosis, the rats in different groups were treated with saline, MDP, or different doses of 99Tc-MDP. After treatment, all rats were sacrificed, and their tibiae and femora were analyzed with microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), histology and biomechanics. Micro-CT analyses showed that (1) 99Tc-MDP reversed glucocorticoid induced bone microarchitecture destruction by increasing BV/TV, Tb.Th, and Tb.N and decreasing BS/BV, Tb.Sp, and TBPf; (2) effect of 99Tc-MDP increased as its dosage increased; and (3) 99Tc-MDP could improve cortical bone thickness while MDP failed to do so. Micro-CT spatial structure analysis and histology also yielded consistent results, indicating that 99Tc-MDP increased trabecular number and connectivity morphologically. Secondly, biomechanics revealed that 99Tc-MDP can enhance the extrinsic stiffness of bone by changing bone geometry. Finally, 99Tc-MDP could inhibit osteoclastogenesis in PBMCs in human. In conclusion, 99Tc-MDP exerted antiosteoporotic effect by improving both cancellous and cortical bone, as well as increasing extrinsic bone stiffness which might be attributed to the its inhibition of osteoclast differentiation. The antiosteoporotic effect of 99Tc-MDP may suggest a potential clinical application for patients with GIO.
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19
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Han L, Mao X, Wang K, Li Y, Zhao M, Wang J, Xue C. Phosphorylated peptides from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) ameliorated osteoporosis by activation of osteogenesis-related MAPKs and PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathways in dexamethasone-treated mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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20
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González-Gay MA, Pina T, Prieto-Peña D, Calderon-Goercke M, Blanco R, Castañeda S. Drug therapies for polymyalgia rheumatica: a pharmacotherapeutic update. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:1235-1244. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1501360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. González-Gay
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Trinitario Pina
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Diana Prieto-Peña
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Mónica Calderon-Goercke
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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21
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González-Gay MA, Pina T, Prieto-Peña D, Calderon-Goercke M, Blanco R, Castañeda S. Current and emerging diagnosis tools and therapeutics for giant cell arteritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 14:593-605. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2018.1485491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. González-Gay
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Trinitario Pina
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Diana Prieto-Peña
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Mónica Calderon-Goercke
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Yang YJ, Zhu Z, Wang DT, Zhang XL, Liu YY, Lai WX, Mo YL, Li J, Liang YL, Hu ZQ, Yu YJ, Cui L. Tanshinol alleviates impaired bone formation by inhibiting adipogenesis via KLF15/PPARγ2 signaling in GIO rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:633-641. [PMID: 29323335 PMCID: PMC5888681 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is characterized by impaired bone formation, which can be alleviated by tanshinol, an aqueous polyphenol isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. In this study we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying GC-induced modulation of osteogenesis as well as the possibility of using tanshinol to interfere with GIO. Female SD rats aged 4 months were orally administered distilled water (Con), prednisone (GC, 5 mg·kg-1·d-1), GC plus tanshinol (Tan, 16 mg·kg-1·d-1) or GC plus resveratrol (Res, 5 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 14 weeks. After the rats were sacrificed, samples of bone tissues were collected. The changes in bone formation were assessed using Micro-CT, histomorphometry, and biomechanical assays. Expression of Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ 2 (PPARγ 2) and other signaling proteins in skeletal tissue was measured with Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR. GC treatment markedly increased the expression of KLF15, PPARγ2, C/EBPα and aP2, which were related to adipogenesis, upregulated FoxO3a pathway proteins (FoxO3a and Gadd45a), and suppressed the canonical Wnt signaling (β-catenin and Axin2), which was required for osteogenesis. Thus, GC significantly decreased bone mass and bone quality. Co-treatment with Tan or Res effectively counteracted GC-impaired bone formation, suppressed GC-induced adipogenesis, and restored abnormal expression of the signaling molecules in GIO rats. We conclude that tanshinol counteracts GC-decreased bone formation by inhibiting marrow adiposity via the KLF15/PPARγ2/FoxO3a/Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-jun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Dong-tao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xin-le Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yu-yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Wen-xiu Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yu-lin Mo
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yan-long Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Zhuo-qing Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yong-jie Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for R&D of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
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Kim BJ, Lee SH, Koh JM. Bone Health in Adrenal Disorders. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2018; 33:1-8. [PMID: 29589383 PMCID: PMC5874185 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2018.33.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary osteoporosis resulting from specific clinical disorders may be potentially reversible, and thus continuous efforts to find and adequately treat the secondary causes of skeletal fragility are critical to ameliorate fracture risk and to avoid unnecessary treatment with anti-osteoporotic drugs. Among the hyperfunctional adrenal masses, Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, and primary aldosteronism are receiving particularly great attention due to their high morbidity and mortality mainly by increasing cardiovascular risk. Interestingly, there is accumulating experimental and clinical evidence that adrenal hormones may have direct detrimental effects on bone metabolism as well. Thus, the present review discusses the possibility of adrenal disorders, especially focusing on pheochromocytoma and primary aldosteronism, as secondary causes of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Jun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Adhikary S, Choudhary D, Ahmad N, Karvande A, Kumar A, Banala VT, Mishra PR, Trivedi R. Dietary flavonoid kaempferol inhibits glucocorticoid-induced bone loss by promoting osteoblast survival. Nutrition 2018; 53:64-76. [PMID: 29655780 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kaempferol, a dietary flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, has been reported to reverse osteopenic condition in ovariectomized rats. Because kaempferol is endowed with osteogenic activity, the aim of this study was to determine whether it has a beneficial effect on glucocorticoid (GC)-induced bone loss. METHODS Adult female rats were divided into four groups as control (vehicle; distilled water), methylprednisolone (MP; 5 mg•kg•d, subcutaneously), MP + kaempferol (5 mg•kg•d, oral), and MP + human parathyroid 1-34 (30 µg/kg, 5 times/wk, subcutaneously) and treated for 4 wk. To study the antagonizing effect of kaempferol on GC-induced inhibition of fracture healing, drill-hole injury was performed on control and GC-treated rats. An oral dose of kaempferol was given for 14 d to observe the effect on callus formation at the site of injury. After treatment, bones were collected for further analysis. RESULTS GC was associated with a decreased bone mineral density and impaired bone microarchitecture parameters. Consumption of kaempferol induced bone-sparing effects in GC-induced osteopenic condition. Additionally, improved callus formation at site of drill injury in femur diaphysis was observed with kaempferol consumption in animals on GC. Consistent with the in vivo data, kaempferol elicited a higher expression of osteogenic markers in vitro and antagonized the apoptotic effect of dexamethasone on calvarial osteoblasts. CONCLUSION These results suggested that kaempferol reduced GC-induced bone loss and enhanced bone regeneration at fractured site, thus emphasizing the positive role of flavonoids on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulekha Adhikary
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra Choudhary
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anirudha Karvande
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Venkatesh Teja Banala
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC), produced and released by the adrenal glands, regulate numerous physiological processes in a wide range of tissues. Because of their profound immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions, GC are extensively used for the treatment of immune and inflammatory conditions, the management of organ transplantation, and as a component of chemotherapy regimens for cancers. However, both pathologic endogenous elevation and long-term use of exogenous GC are associated with severe adverse effects. In particular, excess GC has devastating effects on the musculoskeletal system. GC increase bone resorption and decrease formation leading to bone loss, microarchitectural deterioration and fracture. GC also induce loss of muscle mass and strength leading to an increased incidence of falls. The combined effects on bone and muscle account for the increased fracture risk with GC. This review summarizes the advance in knowledge in the last two decades about the mechanisms of action of GC in bone and muscle and the attempts to interfere with the damaging actions of GC in these tissues with the goal of developing more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
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González-Gay MA, Matteson EL, Castañeda S. Polymyalgia rheumatica. Lancet 2017; 390:1700-1712. [PMID: 28774422 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymyalgia rheumatica is an inflammatory disease that affects the shoulder, the pelvic girdles, and the neck, usually in individuals older than 50 years. Increases in acute phase reactants are typical of polymyalgia rheumatica. The disorder might present as an isolated condition or in association with giant cell arteritis. Several diseases, including inflammatory rheumatic and autoimmune diseases, infections, and malignancies can mimic polymyalgia rheumatica. Imaging techniques have identified the presence of bursitis in more than half of patients with active disease. Vascular uptake on PET scans is seen in some patients. A dose of 12·5-25·0 mg prednisolone daily or equivalent leads to rapid improvement of symptoms in most patients with isolated disease. However, relapses are common when prednisolone is tapered. Methotrexate might be used in patients who relapse. The effectiveness of biological therapies, such as anti-interleukin 6, in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica that is refractory to glucocorticoids requires further investigation. Most population-based studies indicate that mortality is not increased in patients with isolated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A González-Gay
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Eric L Matteson
- Division of Rheumatology and Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Rizzoli R. Towards a better management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis? Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:635-636. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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The osteogenesis-promoting effects of alpha-lipoic acid against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis through the NOX4, NF-kappaB, JNK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3331. [PMID: 28611356 PMCID: PMC5469800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is closely related to oxidative stress and apoptosis. Alpha-lipoic acid (LA), a naturally endogenous anti-oxidant, possesses anti-oxidative and anti-apoptosis activities, implicating LA as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of GIOP. In this study, the osteogenesis-promoting effects of LA against GIOP were investigated and the mechanisms were further probed. Here, the results showed that LA inhibited oxidative stress, suppressed apoptosis and improved osteopenia by promoting the expression of osteogenesis markers, including ALP, COL-I, OCN, BMP-2, RUNX2 and OSX. Further study revealed that the osteogenesis-promoting effects of LA likely occur via the regulation of the NOX4, NF-kappaB, JNK and PI3K/AKT pathways. The present study indicated that LA may prevent GIOP and promote osteogenesis and might be a candidate for the treatment of GIOP.
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Ward LM, Kinnett K, Bonewald L. Proceedings of a Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy Bone Health Workshop: Morbidity due to osteoporosis in DMD: The Path Forward May 12-13, 2016, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 28:64-76. [PMID: 28756052 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Ward
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Kathi Kinnett
- Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH, USA
| | - Lynda Bonewald
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Meng J, Li Y, Yuan X, Lu Y. Evaluating osteoporotic fracture risk with the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6677. [PMID: 28471962 PMCID: PMC5419908 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the discriminative and predictive capacity of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) to determine the 10-year risk of osteoporotic fracture in Chinese rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.This study included 168 RA patients and 168 healthy individuals as controls. The Chinese mainland FRAX model was applied to calculate the 10-year risk of osteoporotic fractures, defined as fracture of the spine, forearm, hip, or shoulder.The incidence of osteoporosis was significantly increased in RA patients compared to controls (P < .05). Bone mineral density (BMD), lumbar vertebra T-score, and femoral neck T-score were significantly lower in RA patients compared to controls (P < .05). BMD, disease duration, DAS28, and glucocorticoid use were important risk factors for osteoporotic fractures in Chinese RA patients. Ten-year osteoporotic fracture risk in Chinese RA patients was higher when BMD was incorporated in FRAX.There was a higher incidence of osteoporosis and reduced BMD in RA patients compared to controls. The FRAX model should integrate femoral neck BMD with other risk factors to evaluate osteoporotic fracture risk in RA patients, making it a valuable screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Yanchun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Yuewu Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology
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Shen L, Ma C, Shuai B, Yang Y. Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on the local bone renin-angiotensin system in a murine model of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3297-3304. [PMID: 28587403 PMCID: PMC5450694 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Active vitamin D is closely related to the circulating renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in experimental animal models and humans; however, corresponding local bone data remain limited. The present study examined whether 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation altered local bone RAS elements in a murine model of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). A total of 36 8-week-old mice were randomized into three equal-sized groups: The sham, GIOP and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment groups. After 12 weeks, the cancellous bone microstructure of the third lumbar vertebra and left femur from the mice from each group were examined using micro-computed tomography. To access the impact of glucocorticoid use, the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on cancellous bone microstructure, the expression of bone turnover markers, circulation and expression of the main RAS components was assessed. Results demonstrated that bone volume fraction, trabecular number and trabecular thickness of the treatment and sham groups were significantly higher than the GIOP group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the structure model index, trabecular separation and bone surface to bone volume ratio of the sham and treatment groups were significantly reduced compared with the GIOP group (P<0.05). All assessed parameters exhibited no significant differences between the treatment and sham groups. mRNA expression levels of local bone angiotensin type 1 and 2 receptors and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the GIOP group (P<0.05); however, there were no significant differences in circulating protein levels between the groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 may modulate bone metabolism by downregulating the local bone RAS in mice with GIOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Bo Shuai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Yang Y, Nian H, Tang X, Wang X, Liu R. Effects of the combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on bone turnover and TGF-β1/Smads pathway in GIOP rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 201:91-99. [PMID: 28254481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kidney deficiency is the main pathogenesis of osteoporosis based on the theory of "kidney governing bones" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, based on traditional Chinese formula Er-Zhi pills, were frequently used in TCM formulas that were prescribed for kidney tonifying and bone strengthening. However, it is unclear whether the combination of the two herbs may have a protective influence on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects and the underlying molecular mechanism of the decoction and the active fractions of the combined herbs in GIOP rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups, including the normal control (NC), GIOP model (MO), active fractions low (100mg/kg, LAF), active fractions high (200mg/kg, HAF), decoction low (3.5g/kg, LD), decoction high (7g/kg, HD) and Calcium with Vitamin D3 (0.2773g/kg, CaD)-treated group. The GIOP model was established by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone (1mg/kg) twice a week for 8 weeks. Different kinds of indicators were measured, including bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanical properties, serum bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), serum bone γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP), serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and serum carboxy terminal cross linked telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen (ICTP), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone structured histomorphometry. The protein and mRNA expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4 and Smad7 were detected by Western blotting (WB) and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. RESULTS Administration of combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi decoction and combined active fractions could significantly prevent GC-induced bone loss by increasing the contents of serum b-ALP, BGP and BMP-2 as the markers of bone formation, reducing the serum TRACP and ICTP contents to inhibit bone resorption and enhancing BMC. They could also attenuate biomechanical properties and BMD reduction, deterioration of trabecular architecture in MO rats. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1, smad2, smad3 and smad4 were up-regulated, and the mRNA and protein expression of Smad7 was down-regulated following combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi treatment. CONCLUSION Combination of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi exhibited protective effects on promoting bone formation and precluding bone resorption. The underlying mechanism may be attributed to its regulations on TGF-β1/Smads pathway. The substance bases of the combined herbs on anti-osteoporosis were total flavonoids of Herba Epimedii, total iridoids and flavonoids of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Honglei Nian
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiufeng Tang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Renhui Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
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Noguchi T, Ebina K, Hirao M, Morimoto T, Koizumi K, Kitaguchi K, Matsuoka H, Iwahashi T, Yoshikawa H. Oxygen ultra-fine bubbles water administration prevents bone loss of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in mice by suppressing osteoclast differentiation. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1063-1075. [PMID: 27896363 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oxygen ultra-fine bubbles (OUB) saline injection prevents bone loss of glucocorti\coid-induced osteoporosis in mice, and OUB inhibit osteoclastogenesis via RANK-TRAF6-c-Fos-NFATc1 signaling and RANK-p38 MAPK signaling in vitro. INTRODUCTION Ultra-fine bubbles (<200 nm in diameter) have several unique properties, and they are tested in various medical fields. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oxygen ultra-fine bubbles (OUB) on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) model mice. METHODS Prednisolone (PSL, 5 mg) was subcutaneously inserted in 6-month-old male C57BL/6J mice, and 200 μl of saline, OUB-diluted saline, or nitrogen ultra-fine bubbles (NUB)-diluted saline was intraperitoneally injected three times per week for 8 weeks the day after operations. Mice were divided into four groups; (1) control, sham-operation + saline; (2) GIO, PSL + saline; (3) GIO + OUB, PSL + OUB saline; (4) GIO + NUB, PSL + NUB saline. The effects of OUB on osteoblasts and osteoclasts were examined by serially diluted OUB medium in vitro. RESULTS Bone mass was significantly decreased in GIO [bone volume/total volume (%): control vs. GIO 12.6 vs. 7.9; p < 0.01] while significantly preserved in GIO + OUB (GIO vs. GIO + OUB 7.9 vs. 12.9; p < 0.05). In addition, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in the distal femur [mean osteoclasts number/bone surface (mm-1)] was significantly increased in GIO (control vs. GIO 6.8 vs. 11.6; p < 0.01) while suppressed in GIO + OUB (GIO vs. GIO + OUB 11.6 vs. 7.5; p < 0.01). NUB did not affect these parameters. In vitro experiments revealed that OUB significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting RANK-TRAF6-c-Fos-NFATc1 signaling, RANK-p38 MAPK signaling, and TRAP/Cathepsin K/DC-STAMP mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. OUB did not affect osteoblastogenesis in vitro. CONCLUSIONS OUB prevent bone loss in GIO mice by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Noguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Ebina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - M Hirao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Morimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Koizumi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Kitaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Matsuoka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Iwahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Sato AY, Richardson D, Cregor M, Davis HM, Au ED, McAndrews K, Zimmers TA, Organ JM, Peacock M, Plotkin LI, Bellido T. Glucocorticoids Induce Bone and Muscle Atrophy by Tissue-Specific Mechanisms Upstream of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases. Endocrinology 2017; 158:664-677. [PMID: 28359087 PMCID: PMC5460781 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid excess, either endogenous with diseases of the adrenal gland, stress, or aging or when administered for immunosuppression, induces bone and muscle loss, leading to osteopenia and sarcopenia. Muscle weakness increases the propensity for falling, which, combined with the lower bone mass, increases the fracture risk. The mechanisms underlying glucocorticoid-induced bone and muscle atrophy are not completely understood. We have demonstrated that the loss of bone and muscle mass, decreased bone formation, and reduced muscle strength, hallmarks of glucocorticoid excess, are accompanied by upregulation in both tissues in vivo of the atrophy-related genes atrogin1, MuRF1, and MUSA1. These are E3 ubiquitin ligases traditionally considered muscle-specific. Glucocorticoids also upregulated atrophy genes in cultured osteoblastic/osteocytic cells, in ex vivo bone organ cultures, and in muscle organ cultures and C2C12 myoblasts/myotubes. Furthermore, glucocorticoids markedly increased the expression of components of the Notch signaling pathway in muscle in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. In contrast, glucocorticoids did not increase Notch signaling in bone or bone cells. Moreover, the increased expression of atrophy-related genes in muscle, but not in bone, and the decreased myotube diameter induced by glucocorticoids were prevented by inhibiting Notch signaling. Thus, glucocorticoids activate different mechanisms in bone and muscle that upregulate atrophy-related genes. However, the role of these genes in the effects of glucocorticoids in bone is unknown. Nevertheless, these findings advance our knowledge of the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in the musculoskeletal system and provide the basis for novel therapies to prevent glucocorticoid-induced atrophy of bone and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y. Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | | | | | - Hannah M. Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Ernie D. Au
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Kevin McAndrews
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Jason M. Organ
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; and
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Lilian I. Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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Yeap SS, Hew FL, Damodaran P, Chee W, Lee JK, Goh EML, Chan SP. An update of the Malaysian Clinical Guidance on the management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 2015. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2017; 3:1-7. [PMID: 30775497 PMCID: PMC6372780 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This Clinical Guidance is aimed to help practitioners assess, diagnose and manage their patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO), using the best available evidence. Methods A literature search using PubMed (MEDLINE) and The Cochrane Library identified all relevant articles on GIO and its assessment, diagnosis and treatment, from 2011, to update from the 2012 edition. The studies were assessed and the level of evidence assigned. For each statement, studies with the highest level of evidence were used to frame the recommendation. Results Consider treatment early in all patients on glucocorticoids (GC) as fracture risk increases within 3–6 months of starting GC. The decision to start treatment for GIO depends on the presence of prior fracture, category of risk (as calculated using Fracture Risk Assessment Tool), daily dose and duration of GC treatment, age, and menopausal status. General measures include adequate calcium and vitamin D intake and reducing the dose of GC to the minimum required to achieve disease control. In patients on GC with osteoporotic fractures or confirmed osteoporosis on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bisphosphonates are the first-line treatment. Treatment should be continued as long as patients remain on GC. Algorithms for the management of GIO in both pre- and post-menopausal women and men have been updated. Conclusions In post-menopausal women and men above 50 years, bisphosphonates remain the mainstay of treatment in GIO. In pre-menopausal women and men below 50 years, bisphosphonates are recommended for those with a prevalent fracture or at very high risk only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swan Sim Yeap
- Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fen Lee Hew
- Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Winnie Chee
- International Medical University, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Hill QA, Stamps R, Massey E, Grainger JD, Provan D, Hill A. The diagnosis and management of primary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Br J Haematol 2016; 176:395-411. [PMID: 28005293 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin A Hill
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - John D Grainger
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Drew Provan
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Anita Hill
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
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Sato AY, Cregor M, Delgado-Calle J, Condon KW, Allen MR, Peacock M, Plotkin LI, Bellido T. Protection From Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis by Anti-Catabolic Signaling in the Absence of Sost/Sclerostin. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1791-1802. [PMID: 27163932 PMCID: PMC8499032 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Excess of glucocorticoids, either due to disease or iatrogenic, increases bone resorption and decreases bone formation and is a leading cause of osteoporosis and bone fractures worldwide. Improved therapeutic strategies are sorely needed. We investigated whether activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling protects against the skeletal actions of glucocorticoids, using female mice lacking the Wnt/β-catenin antagonist and bone formation inhibitor Sost. Glucocorticoids decreased the mass, deteriorated the microarchitecture, and reduced the structural and material strength of bone in wild-type (WT), but not in Sost-/- mice. The high bone mass exhibited by Sost-/- mice is due to increased bone formation with unchanged resorption. However, unexpectedly, preservation of bone mass and strength in Sost-/- mice was due to prevention of glucocorticoid-induced bone resorption and not to restoration of bone formation. In WT mice, glucocorticoids increased the expression of Sost and the number of sclerostin-positive osteocytes, and altered the molecular signature of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by decreasing the expression of genes associated with both anti-catabolism, including osteoprotegerin (OPG), and anabolism/survival, such as cyclin D1. In contrast in Sost-/- mice, glucocorticoids did not decrease OPG but still reduced cyclin D1. Thus, in the context of glucocorticoid excess, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by Sost/sclerostin deficiency sustains bone integrity by opposing bone catabolism despite markedly reduced bone formation and increased apoptosis. This crosstalk between glucocorticoids and Wnt/β-catenin signaling could be exploited therapeutically to halt resorption and bone loss induced by glucocorticoids and to inhibit the exaggerated bone formation in diseases of unwanted hyperactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Meloney Cregor
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Keith W Condon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Ginsenosides Rg3 attenuates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis through regulating BMP-2/BMPR1A/Runx2 signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 256:188-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Tanshinol Rescues the Impaired Bone Formation Elicited by Glucocorticoid Involved in KLF15 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1092746. [PMID: 27051474 PMCID: PMC4808655 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1092746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Decreased bone formation is responsible for the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid- (GC-) induced osteoporosis (GIO), while the mechanism remains to be elucidated. The aim was to investigate how natural antioxidant tanshinol attenuates oxidative stress and rescues impaired bone formation elicited by GC in Sprague-Dawley rats and in C2C12 cells and/or MC3T3-E1 cells. The results showed that tanshinol prevented bone loss and decreased biomechanical characteristics and suppressed reduction of biomarkers related to osteogenesis in GIO rats. Further study revealed that tanshinol reversed decrease of transcription activity of Osterix-luc and rescued impairment of osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation involved in induction of KLF15 mRNA. Meanwhile, tanshinol diminished inhibition of protein expression of β-catenin and Tcf4 and transcription activity of Tcf4-luc induced by GC, especially under conditions of KLF siRNA in vitro. Additionally, tanshinol attenuated increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, phosphorylation of p66Shc expression, TUNEL-positive cells, and caspase-3 activity elicited by KLF15 under conditions of GC. Taken together, the present findings suggest that tanshinol attenuated the decrease of bone formation and bone mass and bone quality elicited by GC involved in KLF15/Wnt signaling transduction and counteracted GC-evoked oxidative stress and subsequent cell apoptosis involved in KLF15/p66Shc pathway cascade.
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Abstract
This article examines the current knowledge of the effects of both exogenous and endogenous glucocorticoids on bone and muscle. It demonstrates the similarity of effects of supraphysiologic loads of glucocorticoids regardless of whether they enter the body in the form of medication or are manufactured by the body in response to stimuli such as inflammation. The effects of endogenous glucocorticoids and the systemic inflammatory response resulting from pediatric burn injury are compared and the difficulty in sorting out which of the two factors is responsible for the ultimate effects on bone and muscle is pointed out. The focus then switches to the body's response to the influence of both glucocorticoids and inflammatory cytokines and evidence supporting a common pathway of response to oxidative damage caused by both is discussed. Current recommended medical management of glucocorticoid-induced bone and muscle loss is discussed and the failure to reconcile current management with known mechanisms is highlighted.
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Rossini M, Orsolini G, Viapiana O, Adami S, Gatti D. Bisphosphonates in the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pros. Endocrine 2015; 49:620-7. [PMID: 25649760 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO), both bone formation and resorption are altered, however, with a relative prevalence of resorption, consistent with the positive results that have been reported with bisphosphonate treatment. Many studies have investigated the effect of bisphosphonates (BPs), a widely used class of anti-resorptive drugs, showing a positive effect on bone mineral density and fracture risk. Also in case of postmenopausal osteoporosis, the safety and cost-effectiveness profile of BPs in GIO appears good. Currently, the use of BPs is recommended at the earliest by all major scientific societies in postmenopausal women and men ≥50 years at high risk of fracture receiving glucocorticoid therapy. BPs are the most commonly used anti-osteoporotic agents and they remain the current standard of care for GIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Rossini
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy,
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Baroncelli GI, Bertelloni S. The use of bisphosphonates in pediatrics. Horm Res Paediatr 2015; 82:290-302. [PMID: 25376487 DOI: 10.1159/000365889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are widely used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in adulthood. In the last years, bisphosphonates have been increasingly used in pediatric patients for the treatment of a growing number of disorders associated with osteoporosis, resistant hypercalcemia or heterotopic calcifications. The use of bisphosphonates in pediatric patients has been proven safe; however, the risk of potential severe consequences into adulthood should be kept in mind. Well-defined criteria for bisphosphonates treatment in pediatric patients are not specified, therefore an accurate selection of patients who could benefit from bisphosphonates is mandatory. A strict follow-up of pediatric patients receiving long-term bisphosphonate therapy is strongly recommended. The purpose of this mini review is to provide a summary of current knowledge on some main general aspects of the structure, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability of bisphosphonates, and to focus on the latest advances of bisphosphonate treatment in pediatric patients. Particular attention has been paid to the common and potential adverse effects of bisphosphonate treatment, and some suggestions concerning the clinical approach and general measures for bisphosphonate treatment in pediatric patients are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero I Baroncelli
- Pediatric Unit I, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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Paggiosi MA, Peel NFA, Eastell R. The impact of glucocorticoid therapy on trabecular bone score in older women. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1773-80. [PMID: 25743176 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We propose that trabecular bone score could be a useful tool for the study of glucocorticoid-associated bone effects. Trabecular bone score alone and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) used in combination with trabecular bone score, but not lumbar spine BMD alone was able to discriminate between glucocorticoid-treated and glucocorticoid-naïve women. INTRODUCTION Glucocorticoids result in rapid bone loss and an increase in fracture risk that cannot be fully explained by changes in BMD. Trabecular bone score (TBS) correlates with three-dimensional bone micro-architectural parameters and can be derived from grey-level variations within dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. We propose that TBS could be a useful tool for the study of glucocorticoid-associated bone effects. METHODS We assessed the ability of lumbar spine BMD (LS-BMD), TBS, and LS-BMD with TBS (LS-BMD + TBS) to discriminate between healthy women and (i) glucocorticoid-treated women, and (ii) glucocorticoid-naïve women with recent fractures. Older women (n = 484, ages 55-79 years) who had (i) taken prednisolone ≥5 mg/day for >3 months (n = 64), (ii) sustained a recent fracture of the distal forearm (n = 46), proximal humerus (n = 37), vertebra (n = 30) or proximal femur (n = 28), or (iii) were healthy population-based women (n = 279) were recruited. LS-BMD was measured by DXA and TBS values were derived. RESULTS Compared to healthy, population-based women, women with recent fractures had lower LS-BMD (-0.34 to -1.38) and TBS (-0.38 to -1.04) Z-scores. Glucocorticoid-treated women had lower TBS Z-scores than glucocorticoid-naïve women (-0.80 versus 0) but their LS-BMD Z-scores did not differ (-0.13 versus 0). TBS alone (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.721) and LS-BMD + TBS (AUC = 0.721), but not LS-BMD alone (AUC = 0.572) was able to discriminate between glucocorticoid-treated and glucocorticoid-naïve women. CONCLUSIONS TBS provides additional information regarding glucocorticoid-associated alterations in bone quality. We conclude that TBS may be a useful tool for the further study of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Paggiosi
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (AUBM), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - N F A Peel
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - R Eastell
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (AUBM), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Kenanidis E, Potoupnis ME, Kakoulidis P, Leonidou A, Sakellariou GT, Sayegh FE, Tsiridis E. Management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: clinical data in relation to disease demographics, bone mineral density and fracture risk. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2015; 14:1035-53. [PMID: 25952267 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1040387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common type of secondary osteoporosis. Patient selection and the treatment choice remain to be controversial. None of the proposed management guidelines are widely accepted. We evaluate the available clinical data, the efficacy of current medication and we propose an overall algorithm for managing GIOP. AREAS COVERED This article provides a critical review of in vivo and clinical evidence regarding GIOP and developing evidence-based algorithm of treatment. Data base used includes MEDLINE® (1950 to May 2014). EXPERT OPINION Patient-specific treatment is the gold standard of care. Glucocorticoid (GC)-treated patients must comply with a healthy lifestyle and receive 1000 mg of calcium and at least 800 mg of Vitamin D daily. Bisphosphonate (BP) therapy is the current standard of care for prevention and treatment of GIOP. Most of bisphosphonates demonstrated benefit in lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) and some in hip BMD. Alendronate, risedronate and zoledronate showed vertebral anti-fracture efficacy in postmenopausal women and men. Scarce data however when compared head to head with BP efficacy. In post-menopausal women, early antiresorptive BP treatment appears to be efficient and safe. In premenopausal women and patients at high risk of fracture receiving long-term GC therapy however, teriparitide may be advised alternatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eustathios Kenanidis
- Aristotle University Medical School, Academic Orthopaedic Unit , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Briot K, Roux C. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. RMD Open 2015; 1:e000014. [PMID: 26509049 PMCID: PMC4613168 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2014-000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis and the first cause in young people. Bone loss and increased rate of fractures occur early after the initiation of corticosteroid therapy, and are then related to dosage and treatment duration. The increase in fracture risk is not fully assessed by bone mineral density measurements, as it is also related to alteration of bone quality and increased risk of falls. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a treat-to-target strategy focusing on low disease activity including through the use of low dose of prednisone, is a key determinant of bone loss prevention. Bone loss magnitude is variable and there is no clearly identified predictor of the individual risk of fracture. Prevention or treatment of osteoporosis should be considered in all patients who receive prednisone. Bisphosphonates and the anabolic agent parathyroid hormone (1-34) have shown their efficacy in the treatment of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Recent international guidelines are available and should guide management of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, which remains under-diagnosed and under-treated. Duration of antiosteoporotic treatment should be discussed at the individual level, depending on the subject's characteristics and on the underlying inflammation evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Briot
- Department of Rheumatology , Research Center, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cochin Hospital, INSERM U1153, Paris Descartes University , Paris , France
| | - Christian Roux
- Department of Rheumatology , Research Center, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cochin Hospital, INSERM U1153, Paris Descartes University , Paris , France
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Bolanowski M, Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska A, Halupczok-Żyła J. Osteoporosis in pituitary diseases: lessons for the clinic. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2015; 10:169-176. [PMID: 30293506 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2015.983473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by bone mass and density loss leading to fragility fractures. Osteoporosis due to endocrine disorders is an example of secondary osteoporosis. The harmful effects on bones are common in patients harboring pituitary tumors (acromegaly, prolactinoma, Cushing's disease) and suffering from hypopituitarism. Increased fracture risk and high healthcare costs of fractured patients are their consequences. The coexistence of some of these disorders and hypogonadism results in severe osteoporosis. The influence of the certain diseases, their activity and therapy and accompanying hypogonadism on bone turnover, bone mineral density and fracture incidence is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jowita Halupczok-Żyła
- a Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Medical University Wroclaw, Ul. Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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Shuai B, Yang YP, Shen L, Zhu R, Xu XJ, Ma C, Lv L, Zhao J, Rong JH. Local renin-angiotensin system is associated with bone mineral density of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis patients. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1063-71. [PMID: 25516362 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is closely related to bone metabolism. However, it is unknown whether the local RAS is related to bone mineral density (BMD) in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Here, we revealed that the two main characteristics of GIOP might inhibit bone formation and enhance bone resorption. INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to assess the expression of the main RAS components in the trabecular bone of lumbar vertebrae in GIOP and analyze the relationship between the major RAS components and BMD. METHODS We collected 96 inpatient cases of lumbar disc herniation from patients who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry examinations followed by surgical treatment in our hospital. Patients were divided into the GIOP group (n = 48) and control group (n = 48). The circulating and local expression levels of the main RAS components were examined. The correlation between the main RAS components and BMD was then analyzed. RESULTS The mRNA expression of local bone angiotensin type 1 and 2 receptors (AT1R and AT2R, respectively) and RANKL was higher in the GIOP group compared with the control group (p < 0.001), but there was no difference in the circulating protein levels between groups (p > 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that AT1R and AT2R expression and the RANKL/OPG ratio in local bone were negatively associated with BMD (p < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) 1.236, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.207-1.333; p < 0.001, OR 1.971, 95% CI 1.809-2.233; and p < 0.001, OR 1.676, 95% CI 1.546-1.845, respectively). CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that the role of local RAS is related to BMD in GIOP patients, and suggests that local RAS might influence RANKL/OPG signaling to modulate bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shuai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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Abstract
One in three osteoporotic fractures occur in men and the consequences of a fracture in men tend to be more severe than in women. Still, only a small minority of men with high risk of fracture are detected and treated. Although there are gender differences in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, such as in the pattern of bone loss, similarities predominate, which is also the case for clinical risk factors. It seems appropriate to consider treatment for men and women with a similar 10 year fracture risk. Drugs now approved for treatment of osteoporosis in men include the anti-resorptive bisphosphonates alendronate, residronate and zoledronic acid, the anti-resorptive drug denosumab, the bone-forming agent teriparatide, and (not in the US) strontium ranelate with mild opposite effects on resorption and formation. Although the evidence level for efficacy and safety of these drugs in men is still relatively limited, available data indicate that treatment effects in men are very similar to what has been observed in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Denosumab is also approved for treatment in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for non-metastatic prostate cancer; bisphosphonates and teriparatide are also available to clinicians for treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in men. Testosterone treatment may be indicated in men with documented symptomatic hypogonadism, but osteoporosis is neither a sufficient nor a specific indication for testosterone treatment. New compounds with well advanced clinical development include odanacatib, a selective inhibitor of the cysteine protease cathepsin-K, and romosozumab, a monoclonal antibody against sclerostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Kaufman
- Department of Endocrinology and Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology and Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Goemaere
- Department of Endocrinology and Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
Among the adverse events of glucocorticoid treatment are bone loss and fractures. Despite available, effective preventive measures, many patients receiving or initiating glucocorticoid therapy are not appropriately evaluated and treated for bone health and fracture risk. Populations with, or at risk of, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) to target for these measures are defined on the basis of dose and duration of glucocorticoid therapy and bone mineral density. That patients with GIOP should be treated as early as possible is generally agreed upon; however, diversity remains in intervention thresholds and management guidelines. The FRAX(®) algorithm provides a 10-year probability of fracture that can be adjusted according to glucocorticoid dose. There is no evidence that GIOP and postmenopausal osteoporosis respond differently to treatments. Available anti-osteoporotic therapies such as anti-resorptives including bisphosphonates and the bone anabolic agent teriparatide are effective for the management of GIOP. Prevention with calcium and vitamin D supplementation is less effective than specific anti-osteoporotic treatment. Anti-osteoporotic treatment should be stopped at the time of glucocorticoid cessation, unless the patient remains at increased risk of fracture.
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