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Molecular Crosstalk between Chromatin Remodeling and Tumor Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:9535-9549. [PMID: 36547163 PMCID: PMC9777166 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29120749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex disease driven by numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations that are acquired over time. Despite recent progress in the understanding of MM pathobiology and the availability of innovative drugs, which have pronounced clinical outcome, this malignancy eventually progresses to a drug-resistant lethal stage and, thus, novel therapeutic drugs/models always play an important role in effective management of MM. Modulation of tumor microenvironment is one of the hallmarks of cancer biology, including MM, which affects the myeloma genomic architecture and disease progression subtly through chromatin modifications. The bone marrow niche has a prime role in progression, survival, and drug resistance of multiple myeloma cells. Therefore, it is important to develop means for targeting the ecosystem between multiple myeloma bone marrow microenvironment and chromatin remodeling. Extensive gene expression profile analysis has indeed provided the framework for new risk stratification of MM patients and identifying novel molecular targets and therapeutics. However, key tumor microenvironment factors/immune cells and their interactions with chromatin remodeling complex proteins that drive MM cell growth and progression remain grossly undefined.
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2
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Forster S, Radpour R. Molecular Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment on Multiple Myeloma Dissemination and Extramedullary Disease. Front Oncol 2022; 12:941437. [PMID: 35847862 PMCID: PMC9284036 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.941437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common malignant monoclonal disease of plasma cells. Aside from classical chemotherapy and glucocorticoids, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents and monoclonal antibodies are used in the current treatment scheme of MM. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a fundamental role in the development and progression of numerous solid and non-solid cancer entities. In MM, the survival and expansion of malignant plasma cell clones heavily depends on various direct and indirect signaling pathways provided by the surrounding bone marrow (BM) niche. In a number of MM patients, single plasma cell clones lose their BM dependency and are capable to engraft at distant body sites or organs. The resulting condition is defined as an extramedullary myeloma (EMM). EMMs are highly aggressive disease stages linked to a dismal prognosis. Emerging literature demonstrates that the dynamic interactions between the TME and malignant plasma cells affect myeloma dissemination. In this review, we aim to summarize how the cellular and non-cellular BM compartments can promote plasma cells to exit their BM niche and metastasize to distant intra-or extramedullary locations. In addition, we list selected therapy concepts that directly target the TME with the potential to prevent myeloma spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Forster
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Ramin Radpour,
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3
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Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081905. [PMID: 35454812 PMCID: PMC9029117 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable malignancy with eventual emergence of refractory disease. Metabolic shifts, which ensure the availability of sufficient energy to support hyperproliferation of malignant cells, are a hallmark of cancer. Deregulated metabolic pathways have implications for the tumor microenvironment, immune cell function, prognostic significance in MM and anti-myeloma drug resistance. Herein, we summarize recent findings on metabolic abnormalities in MM and clinical implications driven by metabolism that may consequently inspire novel therapeutic interventions. We highlight some future perspectives on metabolism in MM and propose potential targets that might revolutionize the field.
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4
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Valsecchi C, Croce S, Maltese A, Montagna L, Lenta E, Nevone A, Girelli M, Milani P, Bosoni T, Massa M, Abbà C, Campanelli R, Ripepi J, De Silvestri A, Carolei A, Palladini G, Zecca M, Nuvolone M, Avanzini MA. Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Light-Chain Amyloidosis: In Vitro Expansion and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111523. [PMID: 34829752 PMCID: PMC8614719 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is caused by misfolded light chains produced by a small B cell clone. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been reported to affect plasma cell behavior. We aimed to characterize bone marrow (BM)-MSCs from AL patients, considering functional aspects, such as proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulatory capacities. MSCs were in vitro expanded from the BM of 57 AL patients and 14 healthy donors (HDs). MSC surface markers were analyzed by flow cytometry, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacities were in vitro evaluated, and co-culture experiments were performed in order to investigate MSC immunomodulatory properties towards the ALMC-2 cell line and HD peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). AL-MSCs were comparable to HD-MSCs for morphology, immune-phenotype, and differentiation capacities. AL-MSCs showed a reduced proliferation rate, entering senescence at earlier passages than HD-MSCs. The AL-MSC modulatory effect on the plasma-cell line or circulating plasma cells was comparable to that of HD-MSCs. To our knowledge, this is the first study providing a comprehensive characterization of AL-MSCs. It remains to be defined if the observed abnormalities are the consequence of or are involved in the disease pathogenesis. BM microenvironment components in AL may represent the targets for the prevention/treatment of the disease in personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valsecchi
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.V.); (A.M.); (E.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Stefania Croce
- General Surgery Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic & Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Alice Maltese
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.V.); (A.M.); (E.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lorenza Montagna
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic & Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Elisa Lenta
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.V.); (A.M.); (E.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Alice Nevone
- General Medicine 2—Center for Systemic Amyloidoses and High-Complexity Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.N.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Girelli
- General Medicine 2—Center for Systemic Amyloidoses and High-Complexity Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.N.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- General Medicine 2—Center for Systemic Amyloidoses and High-Complexity Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Tiziana Bosoni
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Margherita Massa
- General Medicine 2—Center for Systemic Amyloidoses and High-Complexity Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Carlotta Abbà
- General Medicine 2—Center for Systemic Amyloidoses and High-Complexity Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Rita Campanelli
- General Medicine 2—Center for Systemic Amyloidoses and High-Complexity Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Jessica Ripepi
- General Medicine 2—Center for Systemic Amyloidoses and High-Complexity Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Adriana Carolei
- General Medicine 2—Center for Systemic Amyloidoses and High-Complexity Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- General Medicine 2—Center for Systemic Amyloidoses and High-Complexity Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.N.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.V.); (A.M.); (E.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mario Nuvolone
- General Medicine 2—Center for Systemic Amyloidoses and High-Complexity Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.N.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Avanzini
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.V.); (A.M.); (E.L.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-502715
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5
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Aaron N, Kraakman MJ, Zhou Q, Liu Q, Costa S, Yang J, Liu L, Yu L, Wang L, He Y, Fan L, Hirakawa H, Ding L, Lo J, Wang W, Zhao B, Guo E, Sun L, Rosen CJ, Qiang L. Adipsin promotes bone marrow adiposity by priming mesenchymal stem cells. eLife 2021; 10:69209. [PMID: 34155972 PMCID: PMC8219379 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) has been shown to be vital for regulating metabolism and maintaining skeletal homeostasis in the bone marrow (BM) niche. As a reflection of BM remodeling, MAT is highly responsive to nutrient fluctuations, hormonal changes, and metabolic disturbances such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. Expansion of MAT has also been strongly associated with bone loss in mice and humans. However, the regulation of BM plasticity remains poorly understood, as does the mechanism that links changes in marrow adiposity with bone remodeling. Methods We studied deletion of Adipsin, and its downstream effector, C3, in C57BL/6 mice as well as the bone-protected PPARγ constitutive deacetylation 2KR mice to assess BM plasticity. The mice were challenged with thiazolidinedione treatment, calorie restriction, or aging to induce bone loss and MAT expansion. Analysis of bone mineral density and marrow adiposity was performed using a μCT scanner and by RNA analysis to assess adipocyte and osteoblast markers. For in vitro studies, primary bone marrow stromal cells were isolated and subjected to osteoblastogenic or adipogenic differentiation or chemical treatment followed by morphological and molecular analyses. Clinical data was obtained from samples of a previous clinical trial of fasting and high-calorie diet in healthy human volunteers. Results We show that Adipsin is the most upregulated adipokine during MAT expansion in mice and humans in a PPARγ acetylation-dependent manner. Genetic ablation of Adipsin in mice specifically inhibited MAT expansion but not peripheral adipose depots, and improved bone mass during calorie restriction, thiazolidinedione treatment, and aging. These effects were mediated through its downstream effector, complement component C3, to prime common progenitor cells toward adipogenesis rather than osteoblastogenesis through inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conclusions Adipsin promotes new adipocyte formation and affects skeletal remodeling in the BM niche. Our study reveals a novel mechanism whereby the BM sustains its own plasticity through paracrine and endocrine actions of a unique adipokine. Funding This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health T32DK007328 (NA), F31DK124926 (NA), R01DK121140 (JCL), R01AR068970 (BZ), R01AR071463 (BZ), R01DK112943 (LQ), R24DK092759 (CJR), and P01HL087123 (LQ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Aaron
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Cente, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Michael J Kraakman
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Cente, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Medicine, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Qiuzhong Zhou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Qiongming Liu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Cente, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Samantha Costa
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughUnited States,School of Medicine, Tufts UniversityBostonUnited States,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of MaineOronoUnited States
| | - Jing Yang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Cente, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Longhua Liu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Cente, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lexiang Yu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Cente, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Liheng Wang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Cente, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Medicine, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ying He
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Cente, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lihong Fan
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Cente, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Hiroyuki Hirakawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkUnited States
| | - James Lo
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkUnited States
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | - Baohong Zhao
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College; Graduate Program in Cell & Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical SciencesNew YorkUnited States
| | - Edward Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lei Sun
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Cliff J Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughUnited States
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Cente, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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6
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El-Mahdy RI, Zakhary MM, Maximous DW, Mokhtar AA, El Dosoky MI. Circulating osteocyte-related biomarkers (vitamin D, sclerostin, dickkopf-1), hepcidin, and oxidative stress markers in early breast cancer: Their impact in disease progression and outcome. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 204:105773. [PMID: 33065276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a major concern to female health worldwide. We assessed the circulating osteocyte-related biomarkers, hepcidin, and oxidative stress status among early-stage BC patients in aspects of clinical severity and impact on the outcome. The study incorporated 73 patients categorized into 57 early-stage BC and 16 benign breast diseases and 30 healthy controls. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], sclerostin (SOST), dickkopf-1(DKK1), and hepcidin were measured using ELISA, while, serum oxidative stress markers were assessed by spectrophotometry. Our results show that patients with BC showed significant increase in the mean levels of DKK1, SOST, hepcidin, and LPER and significant decrease in the mean levels of 25(OH)D, SOD, GPx, and Hb when compared with controls and benign breast diseases. Significantly higher DKK1, hepcidin, and SOD levels among benign breast diseases were found in comparison to control group. There were significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D, SOD, and Hb and significantly higher levels of SOST, DKK1, hepcidin, No, and LPER with advanced grade. Lower levels of 25(OH)D, SOD and higher levels of SOST, hepcidin were observed with increasing the malignant stage. Reduced levels of 25(OH)D, and SOD were significantly associated with poor prognosis and were strong predictors among BC. There were significant negative correlations between 25(OH)D with LPER, SOST, and hepicidin. We conclude that low 25(OH)D, high SOST, DKK1, and hepcidin, and dysregulated oxidative stress could be helpful in early detection and assessment of BC. 25(OH)D, and SOD were the most relevant to tumor progression and prognosis which indicate a significant role in the BC pathogenesis and could be promising targets in management. Our research paves the way to disrupt vicious circle between these biomarkers to obtain the best care of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham I El-Mahdy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.
| | - Madeha M Zakhary
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Doaa W Maximous
- Department of Surgical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Mokhtar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud I El Dosoky
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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7
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Alameda D, Saez B, Lara-Astiaso D, Sarvide S, Lasa M, Alignani D, Rodriguez I, Garate S, Vilas A, Paiva B, Alfonso-Olmos M, De Espinosa JML, Prosper F, Miguel JFS, Maiso P. Characterization of freshly isolated bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells from healthy donors and patients with multiple myeloma: transcriptional modulation of the microenvironment. Haematologica 2020; 105:e470-473. [PMID: 33054066 PMCID: PMC7556476 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.235135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alameda
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Borja Saez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Lara-Astiaso
- MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarai Sarvide
- Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Lasa
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Alignani
- Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Amaia Vilas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Felipe Prosper
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus F San Miguel
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Maiso
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Emerging Insights on the Biological Impact of Extracellular Vesicle-Associated ncRNAs in Multiple Myeloma. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:ncrna6030030. [PMID: 32764460 PMCID: PMC7549345 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from both tumor cells and the cells of the bone marrow microenvironment contribute to the pathobiology of multiple myeloma (MM). Recent studies on the mechanisms by which EVs exert their biological activity have indicated that the non-coding RNA (ncRNA) cargo is key in mediating their effect on MM development and progression. In this review, we will first discuss the role of EV-associated ncRNAs in different aspects of MM pathobiology, including proliferation, angiogenesis, bone disease development, and drug resistance. Finally, since ncRNAs carried by MM vesicles have also emerged as a promising tool for early diagnosis and therapy response prediction, we will report evidence of their potential use as clinical biomarkers.
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9
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Marino S, Petrusca DN, Roodman GD. Therapeutic targets in myeloma bone disease. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:1907-1922. [PMID: 31647573 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological malignancy and is characterized by a clonal proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells within the bone marrow. MM is the most frequent cancer involving the skeleton, causing osteolytic lesions, bone pain and pathological fractures that dramatically decrease MM patients' quality of life and survival. MM bone disease (MBD) results from uncoupling of bone remodelling in which excessive bone resorption is not compensated by new bone formation, due to a persistent suppression of osteoblast activity. Current management of MBD includes antiresorptive agents, bisphosphonates and denosumab, that are only partially effective due to their inability to repair the existing lesions. Thus, research into agents that prevent bone destruction and more importantly repair existing lesions by inducing new bone formation is essential. This review discusses the mechanisms regulating the uncoupled bone remodelling in MM and summarizes current advances in the treatment of MBD. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The molecular pharmacology of bone and cancer-related bone diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.9/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniela N Petrusca
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - G David Roodman
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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10
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Chu Y, Wang Y, Li K, Liu M, Zhang Y, Li Y, Hu X, Liu C, Zhou H, Zuo J, Peng W. Human omental adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhance autophagy in ovarian carcinoma cells through the STAT3 signalling pathway. Cell Signal 2020; 69:109549. [PMID: 31987780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study showed that human omental adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) promote ovarian cancer growth and metastasis. In this study, the role of autophagy in the ovarian cancer-promoting effects of omental ADSCs was further determined. METHODS The growth and invasion of ovarian cancer cells were detected by CCK-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. The autophagy of ovarian cancer cells transfected with MRFP-GFP-LC3 adenoviral vectors was evaluated by confocal microscopy and western blot assay. Transfection of STAT3 siRNA was used to inhibit the expression of STAT3. RESULTS Our results show that autophagy plays a vital role in ovarian cancer and is promoted by ADSCs. Specifically, we show that proliferation and invasion are correlated with autophagy induction by ADSCs in two ovarian cancer cell lines under hypoxic conditions. Mechanistically, ADSCs activate the STAT3 signalling pathway, thereby promoting autophagy. Knockdown of STAT3 expression using siRNA decreased hypoxia-induced autophagy and decreased the proliferation and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data indicate that STAT3-mediated autophagy induced by ADSCs promotes ovarian cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meixin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huansheng Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxin Zuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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11
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Shiozawa Y. The Roles of Bone Marrow-Resident Cells as a Microenvironment for Bone Metastasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1226:57-72. [PMID: 32030676 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been appreciated that the cross talk between bone metastatic cancer cells and bone marrow microenvironment influence one another to worsen bone metastatic disease progression. Bone marrow contains various cell types, including (1) cells of mesenchymal origin (e.g., osteoblasts, osteocytes, and adipocytes), (2) cells of hematopoietic origin (e.g., osteoclast and immune cells), and (3) others (e.g., endothelial cells and nerves). The recent studies have enabled us to discover many important cancer-derived factors responsible for the development of bone metastasis. However, many critical questions regarding the roles of bone microenvironment in bone metastatic progression remain elusive. To answer these questions, a deeper understanding of the cross talk between bone metastatic cancer and bone marrow microenvironment is clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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12
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Mulholland BS, Forwood MR, Morrison NA. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) Drives Activation of Bone Remodelling and Skeletal Metastasis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:538-547. [PMID: 31713180 PMCID: PMC6944672 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to explore the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or CCL2) in the processes that underpin bone remodelling, particularly the action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and its role in the development and metastasis of cancers that target the bone. RECENT FINDINGS MCP-1 is a key mediator of osteoclastogenesis, being the highest induced gene during intermittent treatment with parathyroid hormone (iPTH), but also regulates catabolic effects of continuous PTH on bone including monocyte and macrophage recruitment, osteoclast formation and bone resorption. In concert with PTH-related protein (PTHrP), MCP-1 mediates the interaction between tumour-derived factors and host-derived chemokines to promote skeletal metastasis. In breast and prostate cancers, an osteolytic cascade is driven by tumour cell-derived PTHrP that upregulates MCP-1 in osteoblastic cells. This relationship between PTHrP and osteoblastic expression of MCP-1 may drive the colonisation of disseminated breast cancer cells in the bone. There is mounting evidence to suggest a pivotal role of MCP-1 in many diseases and an important role in the establishment of comorbidities. Coupled with its role in bone remodelling and the regulation of bone turnover, there is the potential for pathological relationships between bone disorders and bone-related cancers driven by MCP-1. MCP-1's role in bone remodelling and bone-related cancers highlights its potential as a novel anti-resorptive and anti-metastatic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridie S Mulholland
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Mark R Forwood
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Nigel A Morrison
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
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13
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Pacini S, Montali M, Mazziotta F, Schifone CP, Macchia L, Carnicelli V, Panvini FM, Barachini S, Notarfranchi L, Previti GB, Buda G, Petrini M. Mesangiogenic progenitor cells are forced toward the angiogenic fate, in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6781-6790. [PMID: 31827721 PMCID: PMC6887577 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) progresses mainly in the bone marrow where the involvement of a specific microenvironment plays a critical role in maintaining plasma cell growth, spread, and survival. In active disease, the switch from a pre-vascular/non-active phase to a vascular phase is coupled with the impairment of bone turnover. Previously, we have isolated Mesangiogenic Progenitor Cells (MPCs), a bone marrow population that showed mesengenic and angiogenic potential, both in vitro and in vivo. MPC differentiation into musculoskeletal tissue and their ability of sprouting angiogenesis are mutually exclusive, suggesting a role in the imbalancing of the microenvironment in multiple myeloma. MPCs from 32 bone marrow samples of multiple myeloma and 23 non-hematological patients were compared in terms of frequency, phenotype, mesengenic/angiogenic potential, and gene expression profile. Defective osteogenesis was recorded for MM-derived MPCs that showed longer angiogenic sprouting distances respect to non-hematological MPCs, retaining this capability after mesengenic induction. This altered MPCs differentiation potential was not detected in asymptomatic myelomatous disease. These in vitro experiments are suggestive of a forced angiogenic fate in MPCs isolated from MM patients, which also showed increased sprouting activity. Taking together our results suggest a possible role of these cells in the “angiogenic switch” in the MM micro-environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pacini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Montali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Claudia P Schifone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Macchia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnicelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca M Panvini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Barachini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Notarfranchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Hematology Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Buda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Petrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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14
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Costa S, Fairfield H, Reagan MR. Inverse correlation between trabecular bone volume and bone marrow adipose tissue in rats treated with osteoanabolic agents. Bone 2019; 123:211-223. [PMID: 30954729 PMCID: PMC6559822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is currently an unmet clinical need for improved treatments for skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and cancer-induced bone disease. This is due in part to a paucity of novel targets and an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of action for established therapies. We defined the effects of anabolic treatments on bone and the bone marrow adipocyte (BMA). Sclerostin-neutralizing antibodies (Scl-Ab), romosozumab, human parathyroid hormone (hPTH, 1-34), and hPTH/hPTHrP analogues (e.g. teriparatide and abaloparatide) stimulate bone formation and have been studied in clinical trials for severe osteoporosis. In this study, eight-week-old male and female rats were administered vehicle, Scl-Ab (3 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) weekly, or hPTH (1-34) (75 μg/kg) daily for 4 or 26 weeks. Histological analyses of distal femura were performed using a novel ImageJ method for trabecular bone and bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). Adipocyte number, circumference, and total adipose area were compared within the tissue area (T.Ar) or the marrow area (Ma.Ar), (defined as the T.Ar minus the trabecular bone area). After 26 weeks of treatment, a significant inverse correlation between bone and tissue adiposity (total adipocyte area divided by T.Ar) were observed in males and females (p < 0.0001). However, there were no significant correlations between bone and marrow adiposity (total adipocyte area divided by Ma.Ar) for either sex after 26 weeks of treatments. Scl-Ab treatments also resulted in no effect on adipocytes based on marrow adiposity for either sex after 26 weeks. However, chronic hPTH treatments significantly reduced adipocyte number and adiposity within the T.Ar and within the Ma.Ar in males. Overall, our data suggest that with long-term treatment, Scl-Abs decrease total tissue adiposity mainly by increasing trabecular bone, resulting in an overall reduction in the space in which adipocytes can reside. These findings were determined by developing and comparing two different methods of assessment of the marrow cavity, defined to either include or exclude trabecular bone. Thus, researchers should consider which adiposity measurement is more informative and relevant for their studies. Overall, our findings should help design improved therapies or combination treatments to target a potential new contributor to bone diseases: the bone marrow adipocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Costa
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Adamik J, Roodman GD, Galson DL. Epigenetic-Based Mechanisms of Osteoblast Suppression in Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10183. [PMID: 30918921 PMCID: PMC6419609 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease is characterized by the development of osteolytic lesions, which cause severe complications affecting the morbidity, mortality, and treatment of myeloma patients. Myeloma tumors seeded within the bone microenvironment promote hyperactivation of osteoclasts and suppression of osteoblast differentiation. Because of this prolonged suppression of bone marrow stromal cells’ (BMSCs) differentiation into functioning osteoblasts, bone lesions in patients persist even in the absence of active disease. Current antiresorptive therapy provides insufficient bone anabolic effects to reliably repair MM lesions. It has become widely accepted that myeloma‐exposed BMSCs have an altered phenotype with pro‐inflammatory, immune‐modulatory, anti‐osteogenic, and pro‐adipogenic properties. In this review, we focus on the role of epigenetic‐based modalities in the establishment and maintenance of myeloma‐induced suppression of osteogenic commitment of BMSCs. We will focus on recent studies demonstrating the involvement of chromatin‐modifying enzymes in transcriptional repression of osteogenic genes in MM‐BMSCs. We will further address the epigenetic plasticity in the differentiation commitment of osteoprogenitor cells and assess the involvement of chromatin modifiers in MSC‐lineage switching from osteogenic to adipogenic in the context of the inflammatory myeloma microenvironment. Lastly, we will discuss the potential of employing small molecule epigenetic inhibitors currently used in the MM research as therapeutics and bone anabolic agents in the prevention or repair of osteolytic lesions in MM. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Adamik
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - G David Roodman
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology-Oncology Indiana University Indianapolis IN USA.,Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Deborah L Galson
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
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16
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Masarwi M, DeSchiffart A, Ham J, Reagan MR. Multiple Myeloma and Fatty Acid Metabolism. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10173. [PMID: 30918920 PMCID: PMC6419611 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for 13% to 15% of all blood cancers1 and is characterized by the proliferation of malignant cells within the bone marrow (BM). Despite important advances in treatment, most patients become refractory and relapse with the disease. As MM tumors grow in the BM, they disrupt hematopoiesis, create monoclonal protein spikes in the blood, initiate systemic organ and immune system shutdown,2 and induce painful osteolytic lesions caused by overactive osteoclasts and inhibited osteoblasts.3, 4 MM cells are also extremely dependent on the BM niche, and targeting the BM niche has been clinically transformative for inhibiting the positive-feedback "vicious cycle" between MM cells and osteoclasts that leads to bone resorption and tumor proliferation.5, 6, 7, 8 Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are dynamic, secretory cells that have complex effects on osteoblasts and tumor cells, but their role in modifying the MM cell phenotype is relatively unexplored.9, 10, 11, 12, 13 Given their active endocrine function, capacity for direct cell-cell communication, correlation with aging and obesity (both MM risk factors), potential roles in bone disease, and physical proximity to MM cells, it appears that BMAs support MM cells.14, 15, 16, 17 This supposition is based on research from many laboratories, including our own. Therapeutically targeting the BMA may prove to be equally transformative in the clinic if the pathways through which BMAs affect MM cells can be determined. In this review, we discuss the potential for BMAs to provide free fatty acids to myeloma cells to support their growth and evolution. We highlight certain proteins in MM cells responsible for fatty acid uptake and oxidation and discuss the potential for therapeutically targeting fatty acid metabolism or BMAs from where they may be derived. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdi Masarwi
- Center for Molecular Medicine Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA
| | - Abigail DeSchiffart
- Center for Molecular Medicine Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA
| | - Justin Ham
- Center for Molecular Medicine Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Orono ME USA.,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences Tufts University Boston MA USA
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17
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Harmer D, Falank C, Reagan MR. Interleukin-6 Interweaves the Bone Marrow Microenvironment, Bone Loss, and Multiple Myeloma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 9:788. [PMID: 30671025 PMCID: PMC6333051 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is strongly linked to the maintenance of healthy bone. Inflammatory cytokines, specifically, are crucial to skeletal homeostasis and any dysregulation can result in detrimental health complications. Interleukins, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), act as osteoclast differentiation modulators and as such, must be carefully monitored and regulated. IL-6 encourages osteoclastogenesis when bound to progenitors and can cause excessive osteoclastic activity and osteolysis when overly abundant. Numerous bone diseases are tied to IL-6 overexpression, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and bone-metastatic cancers. In the latter, IL-6 can be released with growth factors into the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) during osteolysis from bone matrix or from cancer cells and osteoblasts in an inflammatory response to cancer cells. Thus, IL-6 helps create an ideal microenvironment for oncogenesis and metastasis. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer that homes to the BMM and is strongly tied to overexpression of IL-6 and bone loss. The roles of IL-6 in the progression of MM are discussed in this review, including roles in bone homing, cancer-associated bone loss, disease progression and drug resistance. MM disease progression often includes the development of drug-resistant clones, and patients commonly struggle with reoccurrence. As such, therapeutics that specifically target the microenvironment, rather than the cancer itself, are ideal and IL-6, and its myriad of downstream signaling partners, are model targets. Lastly, current and potential therapeutic interventions involving IL-6 and connected signaling molecules are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Harmer
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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18
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Xu H, Han H, Song S, Yi N, Qian C, Qiu Y, Zhou W, Hong Y, Zhuang W, Li Z, Li B, Zhuang W. Exosome-Transmitted PSMA3 and PSMA3-AS1 Promote Proteasome Inhibitor Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:1923-1935. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Fairfield H, Falank C, Farrell M, Vary C, Boucher JM, Driscoll H, Liaw L, Rosen CJ, Reagan MR. Development of a 3D bone marrow adipose tissue model. Bone 2019; 118:77-88. [PMID: 29366838 PMCID: PMC6062483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past twenty years, evidence has accumulated that biochemically and spatially defined networks of extracellular matrix, cellular components, and interactions dictate cellular differentiation, proliferation, and function in a variety of tissue and diseases. Modeling in vivo systems in vitro has been undeniably necessary, but when simplified 2D conditions rather than 3D in vitro models are used, the reliability and usefulness of the data derived from these models decreases. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop and validate reliable in vitro models to reproduce specific tissue-like structures and mimic functions and responses of cells in a more realistic manner for both drug screening/disease modeling and tissue regeneration applications. In adipose biology and cancer research, these models serve as physiologically relevant 3D platforms to bridge the divide between 2D cultures and in vivo models, bringing about more reliable and translationally useful data to accelerate benchtop to bedside research. Currently, no model has been developed for bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), a novel adipose depot that has previously been overlooked as "filler tissue" but has more recently been recognized as endocrine-signaling and systemically relevant. Herein we describe the development of the first 3D, BMAT model derived from either human or mouse bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). We found that BMAT models can be stably cultured for at least 3 months in vitro, and that myeloma cells (5TGM1, OPM2 and MM1S cells) can be cultured on these for at least 2 weeks. Upon tumor cell co-culture, delipidation occurred in BMAT adipocytes, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between these two important cell types in the malignant BM niche. Overall, our studies suggest that 3D BMAT represents a "healthier," more realistic tissue model that may be useful for elucidating the effects of MAT on tumor cells, and tumor cells on MAT, to identify novel therapeutic targets. In addition, proteomic characterization as well as microarray data (expression of >22,000 genes) coupled with KEGG pathway analysis and gene set expression analysis (GSEA) supported our development of less-inflammatory 3D BMAT compared to 2D culture. In sum, we developed the first 3D, tissue-engineered bone marrow adipose tissue model, which is a versatile, novel model that can be used to study numerous diseases and biological processes involved with the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fairfield
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Mariah Farrell
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Calvin Vary
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joshua M Boucher
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Heather Driscoll
- Vermont Genetics Network, Department of Biology, Norwich University, 158 Harmon Drive, Northfield, VT 05663, USA
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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20
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Faict S, Muller J, De Veirman K, De Bruyne E, Maes K, Vrancken L, Heusschen R, De Raeve H, Schots R, Vanderkerken K, Caers J, Menu E. Exosomes play a role in multiple myeloma bone disease and tumor development by targeting osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Blood Cancer J 2018; 8:105. [PMID: 30409995 PMCID: PMC6224554 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-018-0139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression of multiple myeloma (MM) is largely dependent on the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment wherein communication through different factors including extracellular vesicles takes place. This cross-talk not only leads to drug resistance but also to the development of osteolysis. Targeting vesicle secretion could therefore simultaneously ameliorate drug response and bone disease. In this paper, we examined the effects of MM exosomes on different aspects of osteolysis using the 5TGM1 murine model. We found that 5TGM1 sEVs, or ‘exosomes’, not only enhanced osteoclast activity, they also blocked osteoblast differentiation and functionality in vitro. Mechanistically, we could demonstrate that transfer of DKK-1 led to a reduction in Runx2, Osterix, and Collagen 1A1 in osteoblasts. In vivo, we uncovered that 5TGM1 exosomes could induce osteolysis in a similar pattern as the MM cells themselves. Blocking exosome secretion using the sphingomyelinase inhibitor GW4869 not only increased cortical bone volume, but also it sensitized the myeloma cells to bortezomib, leading to a strong anti-tumor response when GW4869 and bortezomib were combined. Altogether, our results indicate an important role for exosomes in the BM microenvironment and suggest a novel therapeutic target for anti-myeloma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Faict
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joséphine Muller
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Louise Vrancken
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University and CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Roy Heusschen
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hendrik De Raeve
- Department of Pathology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rik Schots
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo Caers
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University and CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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21
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Stratton JA, Assinck P, Sinha S, Kumar R, Moulson A, Patrick N, Raharjo E, Chan JA, Midha R, Tetzlaff W, Biernaskie J. Factors Within the Endoneurial Microenvironment Act to Suppress Tumorigenesis of MPNST. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:356. [PMID: 30364248 PMCID: PMC6193112 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Deciphering avenues to adequately control malignancies in the peripheral nerve will reduce the need for current, largely-ineffective, standards of care which includes the use of invasive, nerve-damaging, resection surgery. By avoiding the need for en bloc resection surgery, the likelihood of retained function or efficient nerve regeneration following the control of tumor growth is greater, which has several implications for long-term health and well-being of cancer survivors. Nerve tumors can arise as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) that result in a highly-aggressive form of soft tissue sarcoma. Although the precise cause of MPNST remains unknown, studies suggest that dysregulation of Schwann cells, mediated by the microenvironment, plays a key role in tumor progression. This study aimed to further characterize the role of local microenvironment on tumor progression, with an emphasis on identifying factors within tumor suppressive environments that have potential for therapeutic application. Methods: We created GFP-tagged adult induced tumorigenic Schwann cell lines (iSCs) and transplanted them into various in vivo microenvironments. We used immunohistochemistry to document the response of iSCs and performed proteomics analysis to identify local factors that might modulate divergent iSC behaviors. Results: Following transplant into the skin, spinal cord or epineurial compartment of the nerve, iSCs formed tumors closely resembling MPNST. In contrast, transplantation into the endoneurial compartment of the nerve significantly suppressed iSC proliferation. Proteomics analysis revealed a battery of factors enriched within the endoneurial compartment, of which one growth factor of interest, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was capable of preventing iSCs proliferation in vitro. Conclusions: This dataset describes a novel approach for identifying biologically relevant therapeutic targets, such as CNTF, and highlights the complex relationship that tumor cells have with their local microenvironment. This study has significant implications for the development of future therapeutic strategies to fight MPNSTs, and, consequently, improve peripheral nerve regeneration and nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Anne Stratton
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peggy Assinck
- Department of International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarthak Sinha
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ranjan Kumar
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aaron Moulson
- Department of International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Natalya Patrick
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eko Raharjo
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rajiv Midha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Wolfram Tetzlaff
- Department of International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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22
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Colombo M, Mirandola L, Chiriva-Internati M, Basile A, Locati M, Lesma E, Chiaramonte R, Platonova N. Cancer Cells Exploit Notch Signaling to Redefine a Supportive Cytokine Milieu. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1823. [PMID: 30154786 PMCID: PMC6102368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is a well-known key player in the communication between adjacent cells during organ development, when it controls several processes involved in cell differentiation. Notch-mediated communication may occur through the interaction of Notch receptors with ligands on adjacent cells or by a paracrine/endocrine fashion, through soluble molecules that can mediate the communication between cells at distant sites. Dysregulation of Notch pathway causes a number of disorders, including cancer. Notch hyperactivation may be caused by mutations of Notch-related genes, dysregulated upstream pathways, or microenvironment signals. Cancer cells may exploit this aberrant signaling to "educate" the surrounding microenvironment cells toward a pro-tumoral behavior. This may occur because of key cytokines secreted by tumor cells or it may involve the microenvironment through the activation of Notch signaling in stromal cells, an event mediated by a direct cell-to-cell contact and resulting in the increased secretion of several pro-tumorigenic cytokines. Up to now, review articles were mainly focused on Notch contribution in a specific tumor context or immune cell populations. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview on the outcomes of Notch-mediated pathological interactions in different tumor settings and on the molecular and cellular mediators involved in this process. We describe how Notch dysregulation in cancer may alter the cytokine network and its outcomes on tumor progression and antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Colombo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Kiromic Biopharma Inc., Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Andrea Basile
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elena Lesma
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Natalia Platonova
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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23
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Braham MV, Ahlfeld T, Akkineni AR, Minnema MC, Dhert WJ, Öner FC, Robin C, Lode A, Gelinsky M, Alblas J. Endosteal and Perivascular Subniches in a 3D Bone Marrow Model for Multiple Myeloma. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:300-312. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maaike V.J. Braham
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tilman Ahlfeld
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Rahul Akkineni
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Monique C. Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J.A. Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F. Cumhur Öner
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Robin
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal malignancy of plasma cells that is newly diagnosed in ~30,000 patients in the US each year. While recently developed therapies have improved the prognosis for MM patients, relapse rates remain unacceptably high. To overcome this challenge, researchers have begun to investigate the therapeutic potential of oncolytic viruses as a novel treatment option for MM. Preclinical work with these viruses has demonstrated that their infection can be highly specific for MM cells and results in impressive therapeutic efficacy in a variety of preclinical models. This has led to the recent initiation of several human trials. This review summarizes the current state of oncolytic therapy as a therapeutic option for MM and highlights a variety of areas that need to be addressed as the field moves forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bartee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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25
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Ring ES, Lawson MA, Snowden JA, Jolley I, Chantry AD. New agents in the Treatment of Myeloma Bone Disease. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:196-209. [PMID: 29098361 PMCID: PMC5805798 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma develop a devastating bone disease driven by the uncoupling of bone remodelling, excess osteoclastic bone resorption and diminished osteoblastic bone formation. The bone phenotype is typified by focal osteolytic lesions leading to pathological fractures, hypercalcaemia and other catastrophic bone events such as spinal cord compression. This causes bone pain, impaired functional status, decreased quality of life and increased mortality. Early in the disease, malignant plasma cells occupy a niche environment that encompasses their interaction with other key cellular components of the bone marrow microenvironment. Through these interactions, osteoclast-activating factors and osteoblast inhibitory factors are produced, which together uncouple the dynamic process of bone remodelling, leading to net bone loss and focal osteolytic lesions. Current management includes antiresorptive therapies, i.e. bisphosphonates, palliative support and orthopaedic interventions. Bisphosphonates are the mainstay of treatment for myeloma bone disease (MBD), but are only partially effective and do have some significant disadvantages; for example, they do not lead to the repair of existing bone destruction. Thus, newer agents to prevent bone destruction and also promote bone formation and repair existing lesions are warranted. This review summarises novel ways that MBD is being therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Ring
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Michelle A Lawson
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Bone Centre, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - John A Snowden
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ingrid Jolley
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2RX, UK
- Department of Radiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew D Chantry
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, The University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2RX, UK
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Bone Centre, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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26
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Yang Y, Wang B. PTH1R-CaSR Cross Talk: New Treatment Options for Breast Cancer Osteolytic Bone Metastases. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:7120979. [PMID: 30151009 PMCID: PMC6087585 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7120979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (BrCa) is currently incurable despite great improvements in treatment of primary BrCa. The incidence of skeletal metastases in advanced BrCa occurs up to 70%. Recent findings have established that the distribution of BrCa metastases to the skeleton is not a random process but due to the favorable microenvironment for tumor invasion and growth. The complex interplay among BrCa cells, stromal/osteoblastic cells, and osteoclasts in the osseous microenvironment creates a bone-tumor vicious cycle (a feed-forward loop) that results in excessive bone destruction and progressive tumor growth. Both the type 1 PTH receptor (PTH1R) and extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) participate in the vicious cycle and influence the skeletal metastatic niche. Thus, this review focuses on how the PTH1R and CaSR signaling pathways interact and contribute to the pathogenesis of BrCa bone metastases. The effects of intermittent PTH and allosteric modulators of CaSR for the use of bone-anabolic agents and prevention of BrCa bone metastases constitute a proof of principle for therapeutic consideration. Understanding the interplay between PTH1R and CaSR signaling in the development of BrCa bone metastases could lead to a novel therapeutic approach to control both osteolysis and tumor burden in the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides a summary of the current knowledge on Sost/sclerostin in cancers targeting the bone, discusses novel observations regarding its potential as a therapeutic approach to treat cancer-induced bone loss, and proposes future research needed to fully understand the potential of therapeutic approaches that modulate sclerostin function. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence shows that sclerostin expression is dysregulated in a number of cancers that target the bone. Further, new findings demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of sclerostin in preclinical models of multiple myeloma results in a robust prevention of bone loss and preservation of bone strength, without apparent effects on tumor growth. These data raise the possibility of targeting sclerostin for the treatment of cancer patients with bone metastasis. Sclerostin is emerging as a valuable target to prevent the bone destruction that accompanies the growth of cancer cells in the bone. Further studies will focus on combining anti-sclerostin therapy with tumor-targeted agents to achieve both beneficial skeletal outcomes and inhibition of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M McDonald
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St. Vincent's School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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28
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Zhao X, Mei L, Pei J, Liu Z, Shao Y, Tao Y, Zhang X, Jiang L. Sophoridine from Sophora Flower Attenuates Ovariectomy Induced Osteoporosis through the RANKL-ERK-NFAT Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9647-9654. [PMID: 29058425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An imbalance in osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis is a crucial pathological factor in the development of osteoporosis. Osteoclasts (OCs) play a pivotal role in osteoporosis, whose new therapy exploration has been focused on the suppression of OC formation. Sophoridine is found from the Chinese traditional food sophora flower to exhibit anti-osteoporosis capacity by screening. This study is focused on its anti-osteoporosis mechanism evaluation. The anti-osteoporosis effect of sophoridine, (15 mg kg-1 body), was evaluated in ovariectomized (OVX) mice by monitoring changes in bone histomorphometry index, formation of osteoclasts from blood-derived mononuclear cells, and changes in the synthesis of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines. Signal pathways were investigated by QPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Sophoridine has a significant anti-osteoporosis effect in vivo, which can inhibit RANKL-induced OC formation, the appearance of OC-specific marker genes, and OC marker protein in vitro. Mechanistically, sophoridine dose- and time-dependently blocks the RANKL-induced OC formation and the activation of ERK and c-Fos as well as the induction and nucleus translocation of NFATc1. Sophora flower might be a useful alternative functional food in preventing or treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) , Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lijuan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining 810001, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Pei
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining 810001, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Biology, Shaanxi University of Technology , Hanzhong 723001, P. R. China
| | - Zenggen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining 810001, P. R. China
| | - Yun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining 810001, P. R. China
| | - Yanduo Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining 810001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) , Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining 810001, P. R. China
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29
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Falank C, Fairfield H, Reagan MR. Reflections on Cancer in the Bone Marrow: Adverse Roles of Adipocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:254-262. [PMID: 29399440 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-017-0074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent advances in our understanding of adipocyte contributions to carcinogenesis or cancer disease progression for cancers in the bone. Purpose In this review, we aim to describe bone marrow adipose tissue and discuss the soluble adipocyte-derived cytokines (adipokines) or endocrine factors, adipocyte-derived lipids, and the actual or putative juxtacrine signaling between bone marrow adipocytes and tumor cells in the bone marrow. This relationship likely affects tumor cell initiation, proliferation, metastasis, and/or drug resistance. Recent Findings Bone marrow adipose may affect tumor proliferation, drug resistance, or cancer-induced bone disease and hence may be a new target in the fight against cancer. Summary Overall, evidence is mixed regarding the role of bone marrow adipose and adipocytes in cancer progression, and more research in this arena is necessary to determine how these bone marrow microenvironmental cells contribute to malignancies in the marrow to identify novel, potentially targetable pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Falank
- Maine Medical Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Maine Medical Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Dabbah M, Attar-Schneider O, Tartakover Matalon S, Shefler I, Jarchwsky Dolberg O, Lishner M, Drucker L. Microvesicles derived from normal and multiple myeloma bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentially modulate myeloma cells' phenotype and translation initiation. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:708-716. [PMID: 28838065 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) cells' interaction with the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment critically hinders disease therapy. Previously, we showed that MM co-culture with BM-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) caused co-modulation of translation initiation (TI) and cell phenotype and implicated secreted components, specifically microvesicles (MVs). Here, we studied the role of the BM-MSCs [normal donors (ND) and MM] secreted MVs in design of MM cells' phenotype, TI and signaling. BM-MSCs' MVs collected from BM-MSCs (MM/ND) cultures were applied to MM cell lines. After MVs uptake confirmation, the MM cells were assayed for viability, cell count and death, proliferation, migration, invasion, autophagy, TI status (factors, regulators, targets) and MAPKs activation. The interdependence of MAPKs, TI and autophagy was determined (inhibitors). ND-MSCs MVs' treated MM cells demonstrated a rapid (5 min) activation of MAPKs followed by a persistent decrease (1-24 h), while MM-MSCs MVs' treated cells demonstrated a rapid and continued (5 min-24 h) activation of MAPKs and TI (↑25-200%, P < 0.05). Within 24 h, BM-MSCs MVs were internalized by MM cells evoking opposite responses according to MVs origin. ND-MSCs' MVs decreased viability, proliferation, migration and TI (↓15-80%; P < 0.05), whereas MM-MSCs' MVs increased them (↑10-250%, P < 0.05). Inhibition of MAPKs in MM-MSCs MVs treated MM cells decreased TI and inhibition of autophagy elevated cell death. These data demonstrate that BM-MSCs MVs have a fundamental effect on MM cells phenotype in accordance with normal or pathological source implemented via TI modulation. Future studies will aim to elucidate the involvement of MVs-MM receptor ligand interactions and cargo transfer in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Dabbah
- Oncogenetic, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Shelly Tartakover Matalon
- Oncogenetic, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Michael Lishner
- Oncogenetic, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Internal Medicine A, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Liat Drucker
- Oncogenetic, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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31
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Moschetta M, Kawano Y, Sacco A, Belotti A, Ribolla R, Chiarini M, Giustini V, Bertoli D, Sottini A, Valotti M, Ghidini C, Serana F, Malagola M, Imberti L, Russo D, Montanelli A, Rossi G, Reagan MR, Maiso P, Paiva B, Ghobrial IM, Roccaro AM. Bone Marrow Stroma and Vascular Contributions to Myeloma Bone Homing. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2017; 15:499-506. [PMID: 28889371 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-017-0399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Herein we dissect mechanisms behind the dissemination of cancer cells from primary tumor site to the bone marrow, which are necessary for metastasis development, with a specific focus on multiple myeloma. RECENT FINDINGS The ability of tumor cells to invade vessels and reach the systemic circulation is a fundamental process for metastasis development; however, the interaction between clonal cells and the surrounding microenvironment is equally important for supporting colonization, survival, and growth in the secondary sites of dissemination. The intrinsic propensity of tumor cells to recognize a favorable milieu where to establish secondary growth is the basis of the "seed and soil" theory. This theory assumes that certain tumor cells (the "seeds") have a specific affinity for the milieu of certain organs (the "soil"). Recent literature has highlighted the important contributions of the vascular niche to the hospitable "soil" within the bone marrow. In this review, we discuss the crucial role of stromal cells and endothelial cells in supporting primary growth, homing, and metastasis to the bone marrow, in the context of multiple myeloma, a plasma cell malignancy with the unique propensity to primarily grow and metastasize to the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yawara Kawano
- Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Antonio Sacco
- Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili, n.1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angelo Belotti
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rossella Ribolla
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Chiarini
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Viviana Giustini
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Diego Bertoli
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Valotti
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Ghidini
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Serana
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Malagola
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Imberti
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Montanelli
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, University of Maine, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Patricia Maiso
- Clinical and Translational Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Clinical and Translational Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aldo M Roccaro
- Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili, n.1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Chai RC, McDonald MM, Terry RL, Kovačić N, Down JM, Pettitt JA, Mohanty ST, Shah S, Haffari G, Xu J, Gillespie MT, Rogers MJ, Price JT, Croucher PI, Quinn JMW. Melphalan modifies the bone microenvironment by enhancing osteoclast formation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68047-68058. [PMID: 28978095 PMCID: PMC5620235 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melphalan is a cytotoxic chemotherapy used to treat patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Bone resorption by osteoclasts, by remodeling the bone surface, can reactivate dormant MM cells held in the endosteal niche to promote tumor development. Dormant MM cells can be reactivated after melphalan treatment; however, it is unclear whether melphalan treatment increases osteoclast formation to modify the endosteal niche. Melphalan treatment of mice for 14 days decreased bone volume and the endosteal bone surface, and this was associated with increases in osteoclast numbers. Bone marrow cells (BMC) from melphalan-treated mice formed more osteoclasts than BMCs from vehicle-treated mice, suggesting that osteoclast progenitors were increased. Melphalan also increased osteoclast formation in BMCs and RAW264.7 cells in vitro, which was prevented with the cell stress response (CSR) inhibitor KNK437. Melphalan also increased expression of the osteoclast regulator the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), but not nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1). Melphalan increased expression of MITF-dependent cell fusion factors, dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (Dc-stamp) and osteoclast-stimulatory transmembrane protein (Oc-stamp) and increased cell fusion. Expression of osteoclast stimulator receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) was unaffected by melphalan treatment. These data suggest that melphalan stimulates osteoclast formation by increasing osteoclast progenitor recruitment and differentiation in a CSR-dependent manner. Melphalan-induced osteoclast formation is associated with bone loss and reduced endosteal bone surface. As well as affecting bone structure this may contribute to dormant tumor cell activation, which has implications for how melphalan is used to treat patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Chai
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Rachael L Terry
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Nataša Kovačić
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jenny M Down
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Bone Biology Group, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica A Pettitt
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Sindhu T Mohanty
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Shruti Shah
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Gholamreza Haffari
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Matthew T Gillespie
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michael J Rogers
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - John T Price
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St Albans, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne, Victoria University and Western Health, St. Albans, Australia
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian M W Quinn
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease, largely due to the tumor-supportive role of the bone marrow microenvironment. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is one component of the fertile microenvironment which is believed to contribute to myeloma progression and drug resistance, as well as participate in a vicious cycle of osteolysis and tumor growth. RECENT FINDINGS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as instrumental regulators of cellular processes that enable the development and dissemination of cancer. This review highlights the intersection between two emerging research fields and pursues the scientific and clinical implications of miRNA transfer between BMAT and myeloma cells. This review provides a concise and provocative summary of the evidence to support exosome-mediated transfer of tumor-supportive miRNAs. The work may prompt researchers to better elucidate the mechanisms by which this novel means of genetic communication between tumor cells and their environment could someday yield targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Soley
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA.
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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