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Serum and Urinary Soluble α-Klotho as Markers of Kidney and Vascular Impairment. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061470. [PMID: 36986200 PMCID: PMC10057552 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the controversy on the potential role of sKlotho as an early biomarker in Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD), to assess whether sKlotho is a reliable marker of kidney α-Klotho, to deepen the effects of sKlotho on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) osteogenic differentiation and to evaluate the role of autophagy in this process. Experimental studies were conducted in CKD mice fed a normal phosphorus (CKD+NP) or high phosphorus (CKD+HP) diet for 14 weeks. The patients’ study was performed in CKD stages 2–5 and in vitro studies which used VSMCs exposed to non-calcifying medium or calcifying medium with or without sKlotho. The CKD experimental model showed that the CKD+HP group reached the highest serum PTH, P and FGF23 levels, but the lowest serum and urinary sKlotho levels. In addition, a positive correlation between serum sKlotho and kidney α-Klotho was found. CKD mice showed aortic osteogenic differentiation, together with increased autophagy. The human CKD study showed that the decline in serum sKlotho is previous to the rise in FGF23. In addition, both serum sKlotho and FGF23 levels correlated with kidney function. Finally, in VSMCs, the addition of sKlotho prevented osteogenic differentiation and induced autophagy. It can be concluded that serum sKlotho was the earliest CKD-MBD biomarker, a reliable indicator of kidney α-Klotho and that might protect against osteogenic differentiation by increasing autophagy. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms of this possible protective effect.
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Diatom Silica Frustules-Doped Fibers for Controlled Release of Melatonin for Bone Regeneration. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Glenske K, Donkiewicz P, Köwitsch A, Milosevic-Oljaca N, Rider P, Rofall S, Franke J, Jung O, Smeets R, Schnettler R, Wenisch S, Barbeck M. Applications of Metals for Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E826. [PMID: 29534546 PMCID: PMC5877687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of bone tissue is the main purpose of most therapies in dental medicine. For bone regeneration, calcium phosphate (CaP)-based substitute materials based on natural (allo- and xenografts) and synthetic origins (alloplastic materials) are applied for guiding the regeneration processes. The optimal bone substitute has to act as a substrate for bone ingrowth into a defect, as well as resorb in the time frame needed for complete regeneration up to the condition of restitution ad integrum. In this context, the modes of action of CaP-based substitute materials have been frequently investigated, where it has been shown that such materials strongly influence regenerative processes such as osteoblast growth or differentiation and also osteoclastic resorption due to different physicochemical properties of the materials. However, the material characteristics needed for the required ratio between new bone tissue formation and material degradation has not been found, until now. The addition of different substances such as collagen or growth factors and also of different cell types has already been tested but did not allow for sufficient or prompt application. Moreover, metals or metal ions are used differently as a basis or as supplement for different materials in the field of bone regeneration. Moreover, it has already been shown that different metal ions are integral components of bone tissue, playing functional roles in the physiological cellular environment as well as in the course of bone healing. The present review focuses on frequently used metals as integral parts of materials designed for bone regeneration, with the aim to provide an overview of currently existing knowledge about the effects of metals in the field of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Glenske
- Clinic of Small Animals, c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Nada Milosevic-Oljaca
- Clinic of Small Animals, c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | | | - Sven Rofall
- Botiss Biomaterials, D-12109 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jörg Franke
- Clinic for Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Elbe Kliniken Stade-Buxtehude, D-21682 Stade, Germany.
| | - Ole Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg- Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg- Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Sabine Wenisch
- Clinic of Small Animals, c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Mike Barbeck
- Botiss Biomaterials, D-12109 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg- Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Song M, Huo H, Cao Z, Han Y, Gao L. Aluminum Trichloride Inhibits the Rat Osteoblasts Mineralization In Vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:186-193. [PMID: 27260532 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is an accumulative toxic metal. Excessive Al accumulation inhibits osteoblasts mineralization and induces osteoporosis. However, the inhibition mechanism of Al on the mineralization is not fully understood. Thus, in this study, the rat osteoblasts were cultured and exposed to 0 mmol L-1 (control group, CG) and 0.52 mmol L-1 aluminum trichloride (AlCl3, treatment group, TG) for 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. We found that mineralized matrix nodules, the activity of bone alkaline phosphatase, the concentration of extracellular calcium, the mRNA expression of type-I collagen, the mRNA and protein expressions of osteopontin, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein were all decreased, while the concentration of extracellular phosphorus was increased in TG compared with CG with time prolonged. Taken together, these results indicated that AlCl3 inhibited osteoblasts mineralization in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hui Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Carrillo-López N, Panizo S, Alonso-Montes C, Román-García P, Rodríguez I, Martínez-Salgado C, Dusso AS, Naves M, Cannata-Andía JB. Direct inhibition of osteoblastic Wnt pathway by fibroblast growth factor 23 contributes to bone loss in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2016; 90:77-89. [PMID: 27165819 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone loss and increased fractures are common complications in chronic kidney disease. Because Wnt pathway activation is essential for normal bone mineralization, we assessed whether Wnt inhibition contributes to high-phosphorus-induced mineralization defects in uremic rats. By week 20 after 7/8 nephrectomy, rats fed a high-phosphorus diet had the expected high serum creatinine, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels and low serum calcium. There was a 15% reduction in tibial mineral density and a doubling of bone cortical porosity compared to uremic rats fed a normal-phosphorus diet. The decreases in tibial mineral density were preceded by time-dependent increments in gene expression of bone formation (Osteocalcin and Runx2) and resorption (Cathepsin K) markers, which paralleled elevations in gene expression of the Wnt inhibitors Sfrp1 and Dkk1 in bone. Similar elevations of Wnt inhibitors plus an increased phospho-β-catenin/β-catenin ratio occurred upon exposure of the osteoblast cell line UMR106-01 either to uremic serum or to the combination of parathyroid hormone, FGF23, and soluble Klotho, at levels present in uremic serum. Strikingly, while osteoblast exposure to parathyroid hormone suppressed the expression of Wnt inhibitors, FGF23 directly inhibited the osteoblastic Wnt pathway through a soluble Klotho/MAPK-mediated process that required Dkk1 induction. Thus, the induction of Dkk1 by FGF23/soluble Klotho in osteoblasts inactivates Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This provides a novel autocrine/paracrine mechanism for the adverse impact of high FGF23 levels on bone in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Carrillo-López
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Sara Panizo
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso-Montes
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Pablo Román-García
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Isabel Rodríguez
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Salgado
- Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL)-Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Adriana S Dusso
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Manuel Naves
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jorge B Cannata-Andía
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Departmento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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6
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Quirós-González I, Román-García P, Alonso-Montes C, Barrio-Vázquez S, Carrillo-López N, Naves-Díaz M, Mora MI, Corrales FJ, López-Hernández FJ, Ruiz-Torres MP, Cannata-Andía JB, Fernández-Martín JL. Lamin A is involved in the development of vascular calcification induced by chronic kidney failure and phosphorus load. Bone 2016; 84:160-168. [PMID: 26769003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification remains one of the main factors associated to morbidity and mortality in both ageing and chronic kidney disease. Both hyperphosphataemia, a well-known promoter of vascular calcification, and abnormal processing defects of lamin A/C have been associated to ageing. The main aim of this study was to analyse the effect of phosphorus load in the differential expression pattern of genes and proteins, particularly of lamin A/C, which are involved in phenotypic change of the vascular smooth muscle cells to osteoblast-like cells. The in vivo study of the calcified abdominal aortas from nephrectomized rats receiving a high phosphorus diet showed among others, a repression of muscle related proteins and overexpression of lamin A/C. Similar results were observed in vitro, where primary vascular smooth muscle cells cultured in calcifying medium showed increased expression of prelamin A and lamin A and abnormalities in the nuclear morphology. Co-immunoprecipitation assays showed novel and important physical interactions between lamin A and RUNX2 during the process of calcification. In fact, the knockdown of prelamin A and lamin A inhibited the increase of Runx2, osteocalcin and osteopontin gene expression, calcium deposition, nuclear abnormalities and the RUNX2 protein translocation into the nucleus of the cell. These in vivo and in vitro results highlight the important role played by lamin A in the process of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Quirós-González
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Pablo Román-García
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso-Montes
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Sara Barrio-Vázquez
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Natalia Carrillo-López
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Manuel Naves-Díaz
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - María Isabel Mora
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Proteomics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando José Corrales
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Proteomics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco J López-Hernández
- Department of Renal Physiology, REDinREN del ISCIII, Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Piedad Ruiz-Torres
- Department of Systems Biology, REDinREN del ISCIII, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Benito Cannata-Andía
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - José Luis Fernández-Martín
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Wang M, Wang L, Shi C, Sun T, Zeng Y, Zhu Y. The crystal structure and chemical state of aluminum-doped hydroxyapatite by experimental and first principles calculation studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21789-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03230c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure and chemical state of Al-doped hydroxyapatite have been explored using first principles calculation to provide the possible crystallographic mechanism for Al-induced bone metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Lab of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Lab of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Chao Shi
- Key Lab of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Tian Sun
- Key Lab of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Yi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Yingchun Zhu
- Key Lab of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
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Li X, Hu C, Zhu Y, Sun H, Li Y, Zhang Z. Effects of aluminum exposure on bone mineral density, mineral, and trace elements in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:378-85. [PMID: 20886309 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of aluminum (Al) exposure on bone mineral elements, trace elements, and bone mineral density (BMD) in rats. One hundred Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups. Experimental rats were given drinking water containing aluminum chloride (AlCl(3), 430 mg Al(3+)/L), whereas control rats were given distilled water for up to 150 days. Ten rats were sacrificed in each group every 30 days. The levels of Al, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), boron (B), and strontium (Sr) in bone and the BMD of femur were measured. Al-treated rats showed lower deposition of Ca, P, and Mg compared with control rats. Levels of trace elements (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Se, B, and Sr) were significantly lower in the Al-treated group than in the control group from day 60, and the BMD of the femur metaphysis in the Al-treated group was significantly lower than in the control group on days 120 and 150. These findings indicate that long-term Al exposure reduces the levels of mineral and trace elements in bone. As a result, bone loss was induced (particularly in cancellous bone).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
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Li X, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Li Y. Dynamic analysis of exposure to aluminum and an acidic condition on bone formation in young growing rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 31:295-301. [PMID: 21787697 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of exposure to aluminum (Al) in an acidic condition on bone formation in young growing rats were studied. Wistar rats were divided randomly into Al-treated group (100mg Al(3+)/L; pH 5.6) and control group (distilled water). Al-treated rats showed lower body weight, lower serum pH, higher accumulation of Al, in addition to disordered metabolism of calcium and phosphorus compared with control rats. The levels of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, osteocalcin, procollagen carboxy-terminal propeptide and bone alkaline phosphatase were significantly lower in the Al-treated group than in the control group from days 90, 30, 60, 60 and 90, respectively. The bone mineral density of the distal and proximal femoral metaphysis was significantly lower in the Al-treated group than in the control group on days 120 and 150. These findings suggest that long-term Al exposure in an acidic condition inhibits bone formation and induces bone loss in young growing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
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10
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Román-García P, Carrillo-López N, Fernández-Martín JL, Naves-Díaz M, Ruiz-Torres MP, Cannata-Andía JB. High phosphorus diet induces vascular calcification, a related decrease in bone mass and changes in the aortic gene expression. Bone 2010; 46:121-8. [PMID: 19772957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease, hyperphosphatemia has been associated to vascular calcifications. Moreover, the rate and progression of vascular calcification have been related with the reduction of bone mass and osteoporotic fractures, hereby suggesting a strong link between vascular calcification and bone loss. Our aim was to prospectively study the effects of high phosphorus diet on bone mass, vascular calcification and gene expression profile of the arterial wall. A rat model of 7/8 nephrectomy fed with normal (0.6%) and moderately high (0.9%) phosphorus diet was used. Biochemical parameters, bone mineral density and vascular calcifications were assessed. A microarray analysis of the aortic tissue was also performed to investigate the gene expression profile. After 20 weeks, the rats fed with a high phosphorus diet showed a significant increase in serum phosphorus, PTH, and creatinine, together with aortic calcification and a decrease in bone mass. The histological analysis of the vascular calcifications showed areas with calcified tissue and the gene expression profile of this calcified tissue showed repression of muscle-related genes and overexpression of bone-related genes, among them, the secreted frizzled related proteins, well-known inhibitors of the Wnt pathway, involved in bone formation. The study demonstrated prospectively the inverse and direct relationship between vascular calcification and bone mass. In addition, the microarrays findings provide new information on the molecular mechanisms that may link this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Román-García
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, REDinREN del ISCIII, Universidad de Oviedo. Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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11
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Carrillo-López N, Román-García P, Rodríguez-Rebollar A, Fernández-Martín JL, Naves-Díaz M, Cannata-Andía JB. Indirect regulation of PTH by estrogens may require FGF23. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20:2009-17. [PMID: 19628670 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which estrogens modulate PTH are controversial, including whether or not estrogen receptors (ERs) are present in the parathyroid glands. To explore these mechanisms, we combined a rat model of CKD with ovariectomy and exogenous administration of estrogens. We found that estrogen treatment significantly decreased PTH mRNA and serum levels. We did not observe ERalpha or ERbeta mRNA or protein in the parathyroids, suggesting an indirect action of estrogens on PTH regulation. Estrogen treatment significantly decreased serum 1,25(OH)(2) vitamin D(3) and phosphorus levels. In addition, estrogens significantly increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) mRNA and serum levels. In vitro, estrogens led to transcriptional and translational upregulation of FGF23 in osteoblast-like cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that estrogens regulate PTH indirectly, possibly through FGF23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Carrillo-López
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, REDinREN del ISCIII, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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12
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Effects of an aluminum-water treatment residual on performance and mineral status of feeder lambs. Small Rumin Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Krewski D, Yokel RA, Nieboer E, Borchelt D, Cohen J, Harry J, Kacew S, Lindsay J, Mahfouz AM, Rondeau V. Human health risk assessment for aluminium, aluminium oxide, and aluminium hydroxide. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2007; 10 Suppl 1:1-269. [PMID: 18085482 PMCID: PMC2782734 DOI: 10.1080/10937400701597766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Krewski
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Hellström HO, Mjöberg B, Mallmin H, Michaëlsson K. No association between the aluminium content of trabecular bone and bone density, mass or size of the proximal femur in elderly men and women. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2006; 7:69. [PMID: 16928265 PMCID: PMC1560132 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-7-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aluminium is considered a bone toxic metal since poisoning can lead to aluminium-induced bone disease in patients with chronic renal failure. Healthy subjects with normal renal function retain 4% of the aluminium consumed. They might thus also accumulate aluminium and eventually be at risk of long-term low-grade aluminium intoxication that can affect bone health. Methods We therefore examined 62 patients with femoral neck fractures or osteoarthritis of the hip (age range 38–93), with the aim of examining whether aluminium in bone is associated with bone-mineral density (BMD), content (BMC) or width of the femoral neck measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). During operations bone biopsies were taken from the trabecular bone of the proximal femur. The samples were measured for their content of aluminium using a mass spectrometer. Results No significant association between the aluminium content in bone and femoral neck BMD, BMC or width could be found after multivariate adjustment. Conclusion Our results indicate that the accumulated aluminium content in bone during life does not substantially influence the extent of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans Mallmin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden
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Hellström HO, Mjöberg B, Mallmin H, Michaëlsson K. The aluminum content of bone increases with age, but is not higher in hip fracture cases with and without dementia compared to controls. Osteoporos Int 2005; 16:1982-8. [PMID: 16047227 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-005-1981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum is considered a potentially toxic metal, and aluminum poisoning may lead to three types of disorders: aluminum-induced bone disease, microcytic anemia and encephalopathy. This is well known in patients with chronic renal failure, but since healthy subjects with normal renal function retain 4% of the aluminum consumed, they are also at risk of long-term low-grade aluminum intoxication. Included in this study were a total of 172 patients (age range 16-98 years) with the aim of examining whether aluminum accumulates in bone with increasing age. Additionally, we aimed to investigate whether the aluminum content of bone differs between controls and hip fracture cases with and without dementia, in particular in those with Alzheimer's disease. During operations for all cases, bone biopsies were taken with an aluminum-free instrument from the trabecular bone. The samples were measured for their content of aluminum using an inductively coupled mass spectrometer. We found an exponential increase in aluminum content of bone with age. The average aluminum values, adjusted for age, were similar in men and women (P=0.46). No significant differences in sex- and age-adjusted mean aluminum values between the controls and the hip fracture cases with (P=0.72) and without (P=0.33) dementia could be detected. The average aluminum concentration among cases with Alzheimer's disease was also similar to the values of hip fracture patients with other types of dementia (P=0.47). Odds ratios of hip fracture for each quartile of aluminum content in bone were also estimated to detect non-linear effects, but we did not find any statistically significant association remaining after age and sex adjustment. Thus, our results indicate that we accumulate aluminum in bone over our life span, but this does not seem to be of major pathogenetic significance for the occurrence of hip fracture or dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Olov Hellström
- Department of Orthopedics, Uppsala University Hospital, 7518, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Naves M, Rodríguez-Rebollar A, Gómez C, Braga S, Cannata-Andía JB. Hormonal replacement therapy in an animal model with chronic renal failure and ovariectomy: biochemical and densitometric study. KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL. SUPPLEMENT 2003:S57-61. [PMID: 12753267 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.s85.14.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of estrogen replacement therapy being extensively used in clinical and experimental studies without renal impairment, there are no long-term studies concerning estrogen replacement in chronic renal failure. METHODS In this experimental study, six groups of nephrectomized and ovariectomized animals were treated with different doses of 17beta-estradiol, alone or in combination with calcitriol, to evaluate the effect of these treatments on bone metabolism. RESULTS Biochemical results showed that estrogen alone did not have any effect neither on calcium nor on PTH serum levels. By contrast, in the groups treated with calcitriol, the levels of serum calcium were significantly higher, and the levels of iPTH were significantly lower than those observed in the control group. Animals receiving the combined treatment with estrogen and calcitriol showed the greater gain in uterus weight and a better bone mineral density at the lumbar site and the proximal and distal tibia sites. CONCLUSION The combination of estrogen and calcitriol is the most effective therapy to prevent bone mass loss in animals with chronic renal failure and estrogen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Metabolismo Oseo y Mineral, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación; and Servicio de Bioquímica I.N.S. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
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Abstract
Aluminum is the most widely distributed metal in the environment and is extensively used in modern daily life. Aluminum enters into the body from the environment and from diet and medication. However, there is no known physiological role for aluminum within the body and hence this metal may produce adverse physiological effects. The impact of aluminum on neural tissues is well reported but studies on extraneural tissues are not well summarized. In this review, the impacts of aluminum on humans and its impact on major physiological systems are summarized and discussed. The neuropathologies associated with high brain aluminum levels, including structural, biochemical, and neurobehavioral changes, have been summarized. In addition, the impact of aluminum on the musculoskeletal system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, hepatobiliary system, endocrine system, urinary system, and reproductive system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasunpriya Nayak
- Department of Physiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India
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