1
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Ansari FJ, Tafti HA, Amanzadeh A, Rabbani S, Shokrgozar MA, Heidari R, Behroozi J, Eyni H, Uversky VN, Ghanbari H. Comparison of the efficiency of ultrafiltration, precipitation, and ultracentrifugation methods for exosome isolation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101668. [PMID: 38405663 PMCID: PMC10885727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are enclosed by a lipid-bilayer membrane and secreted by all types of cells. They are classified into three groups: apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes. Exosomes play a number of important roles in the intercellular communication and crosstalk between tissues in the body. In this study, we use three common methods based on different principles for exosome isolation, namely ultrafiltration, precipitation, and ultracentrifugation. We use field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses for characterization of exosomes. The functionality and effect of isolated exosomes on the viability of hypoxic cells was investigated by alamarBlue and Flow-cytometry. The results of the FESEM study show that the ultrafiltration method isolates vesicles with higher variability of shapes and sizes when compared to the precipitation and ultracentrifugation methods. DLS results show that mean size of exosomes isolated by ultrafiltration, precipitation, and ultracentrifugation methods are 122, 89, and 60 nm respectively. AlamarBlue analysis show that isolated exosomes increase the viability of damaged cells by 11%, 15%, and 22%, respectively. Flow-cytometry analysis of damaged cells also show that these vesicles increase the content of live cells by 9%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. This study shows that exosomes isolated by the ultracentrifugation method are characterized by smaller size and narrow size distribution. Furthermore, more homogenous particles isolated by this method show increased efficiency of the protection of hypoxic cells in comparison with the exosomes isolated by the two other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Jaberi Ansari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadi Tafti
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Tehran Heart Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Amanzadeh
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Tehran Heart Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Heidari
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411718541, Iran
| | - Javad Behroozi
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Eyni
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hossein Ghanbari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Tehran Heart Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Biomaterials, University of Tehran & Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Liu Y, Jiang P, Qu Y, Liu C, Zhang D, Xu B, Zhang Q. Exosomes and exosomal miRNAs: A new avenue for the future treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28127. [PMID: 38533025 PMCID: PMC10963384 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that involves mainly synovitis and joint injury and is one of the main causes of disability. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is complicated, and the treatment cycle is long. The traditional methods of inhibiting inflammation and immunosuppression are no longer sufficient for treatment of the disease, so there is an urgent need to seek new treatments. The exocrine microenvironment is a kind of microvesicle with a lipid bilayer membrane structure that can be secreted by most cells in the body. This structure contains cell-specific proteins, lipids and nucleic acids that can transmit this information from one cell to another. To achieve cell-to-cell communication. Exocrine microRNAs can be contained in exocrine cells and can be selectively transferred to target receptor cells via exocrine signaling, thus regulating the physiological function of target cells. This article focuses on the pathological changes that occur during the development of rheumatoid arthritis and the biological regulation of exocrine and exocrine microRNAs in rheumatoid joints. Research on the roles of exocrine and exocrine microRNAs in regulating the inflammatory response, cell proliferation/apoptosis, autophagy, effects on fibroblast-like synoviocytes and immune regulation in rheumatoid arthritis was reviewed. In addition, the challenges faced by this new treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Jinan, China
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanguo Liu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Science and Technology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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3
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Pang JL, Shao H, Xu XG, Lin ZW, Chen XY, Chen JY, Mou XZ, Hu PY. Targeted drug delivery of engineered mesenchymal stem/stromal-cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular disease: recent trends and future perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1363742. [PMID: 38558788 PMCID: PMC10978787 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1363742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, stem cells and their secretomes, notably exosomes, have received considerable attention in biomedical applications. Exosomes are cellular secretomes used for intercellular communication. They perform the function of intercellular messengers by facilitating the transport of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and therapeutic substances. Their biocompatibility, minimal immunogenicity, targetability, stability, and engineerable characteristics have additionally led to their application as drug delivery vehicles. The therapeutic efficacy of exosomes can be improved through surface modification employing functional molecules, including aptamers, antibodies, and peptides. Given their potential as targeted delivery vehicles to enhance the efficiency of treatment while minimizing adverse effects, exosomes exhibit considerable promise. Stem cells are considered advantageous sources of exosomes due to their distinctive characteristics, including regenerative and self-renewal capabilities, which make them well-suited for transplantation into injured tissues, hence promoting tissue regeneration. However, there are notable obstacles that need to be addressed, including immune rejection and ethical problems. Exosomes produced from stem cells have been thoroughly studied as a cell-free strategy that avoids many of the difficulties involved with cell-based therapy for tissue regeneration and cancer treatment. This review provides an in-depth summary and analysis of the existing knowledge regarding exosomes, including their engineering and cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Liang Pang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Shao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Xu
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Lin
- Zhejiang Healthfuture Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Yang Chen
- Zhejiang Healthfuture Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Yang Hu
- Department of Traumatology, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, China
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4
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Kim M, Song CY, Lee JS, Ahn YR, Choi J, Lee SH, Shin S, Na HJ, Kim HO. Exosome Isolation Using Chitosan Oligosaccharide Lactate-1-Pyrenecarboxylic Acid-Based Self-Assembled Magnetic Nanoclusters. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303782. [PMID: 38430208 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that play a crucial role in intercellular communication and offer significant potential for a wide range of biomedical applications. However, conventional methods for exosome isolation have limitations in terms of purity, scalability, and preservation of exosome structural integrity. To address these challenges, an exosome isolation platform using chitosan oligosaccharide lactate conjugated 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid (COL-Py) based self-assembled magnetic nanoclusters (CMNCs), is presented. CMNCs are characterized to optimize their size, stability, and interaction dynamics with exosomes. The efficiency of CMNCs in isolating exosomes is systematically evaluated using various analytical methods to demonstrate their ability to capture exosomes based on amphiphilic lipid bilayers. CMNC-based exosome isolation consistently yields exosomes with structural integrity and purity similar to those obtained using traditional methods. The reusability of CMNCs over multiple exosome isolation cycles underscores their scalability and offers an efficient solution for biomedical applications. These results are supported by western blot analysis, which demonstrated the superiority of CMNC-based isolation in terms of purity compared to conventional methods. By providing a scalable and efficient exosome isolation process that preserves both structural integrity and purity, CMNCs can constitute a new platform that can contribute to the field of exosome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minse Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yeon Song
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sil Lee
- Hauulbio, 32, Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Rim Ahn
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - SoJin Shin
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jun Na
- Hauulbio, 32, Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ouk Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zhang Q, Wang H, Liu Q, Zeng N, Fu G, Qiu Y, Yang Y, Yuan H, Wang W, Li B. Exosomes as Powerful Biomarkers in Cancer: Recent Advances in Isolation and Detection Techniques. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1923-1949. [PMID: 38435755 PMCID: PMC10906735 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles derived from cells, are known to carry important bioactive molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. These bioactive components play crucial roles in cell signaling, immune response, and tumor metastasis, making exosomes potential diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases. However, current methods for detecting tumor exosomes face scientific challenges including low sensitivity, poor specificity, complicated procedures, and high costs. It is essential to surmount these obstacles to enhance the precision and dependability of diagnostics that rely on exosomes. Merging DNA signal amplification techniques with the signal boosting capabilities of nanomaterials presents an encouraging strategy to overcome these constraints and improve exosome detection. This article highlights the use of DNA signal amplification technology and nanomaterials' signal enhancement effect to improve the detection of exosomes. This review seeks to offer valuable perspectives for the enhancement of amplification methods applied in practical cancer diagnosis and prognosis by providing an overview of how these novel technologies are utilized in exosome-based diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongdan Zhang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyi Liu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ni Zeng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Fu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixing Qiu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yupei Yang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanwen Yuan
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Wu Z, Cai H, Tian C, Ao Z, Jiang L, Guo F. Exploiting Sound for Emerging Applications of Extracellular Vesicles. NANO RESEARCH 2024; 17:462-475. [PMID: 38712329 PMCID: PMC11073796 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nano- to microscale, membrane-bound particles released by cells into extracellular space, and act as carriers of biomarkers and therapeutics, holding promising potential in translational medicine. However, the challenges remain in handling and detecting extracellular vesicles for disease diagnosis as well as exploring their therapeutic capability for disease treatment. Here, we review the recent engineering and technology advances by leveraging the power of sound waves to address the challenges in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. We first introduce the fundamental principles of sound waves for understanding different acoustic-assisted extracellular vesicle technologies. We discuss the acoustic-assisted diagnostic methods including the purification, manipulation, biosensing, and bioimaging of extracellular vesicles. Then, we summarize the recent advances in acoustically enhanced therapeutics using extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. Finally, we provide perspectives into current challenges and future clinical applications of the promising extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles powered by sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Chunhui Tian
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
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7
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Huang J, Zhao A, He D, Wu X, Yan H, Zhu L. Isolation and Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles from Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:224-231. [PMID: 38282412 PMCID: PMC10840465 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2308.08017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The proteins carried by the extracellular vesicles of Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 (LsEVs) were identified to provide a foundation for further explorations of the probiotic activities of L. salivarius SNK-6. LsEVs were isolated from the culture media of L. salivarius SNK-6 and morphological analysis was conducted by scanning electron microscopy. Subsequent transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis were performed to assess the morphology and particle size of the LsEVs. In addition, the protein composition of LsEVs was analyzed using silver staining and protein mass spectrometry. Finally, internalization of the identified LsEVs was confirmed using a confocal microscope, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to analyze the levels of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-challenged RAW264.7 cells. The results revealed that the membrane-enclosed LsEVs were spherical, with diameters ranging from 100-250 nm. The LsEVs with diameters of 111-256 nm contained the greatest amount of cargo. In total, 320 proteins (10-38 kD) were identified in the LsEVs and included anti-inflammatory molecules, such as PrtP proteinase, co-chaperones, and elongation factor Tu, as well as some proteins involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. Enrichment analysis showed these proteins to be related to the terms "metabolic pathway," "ribosome," "glycolysis/gluconeogenesis," "carbohydrate metabolism," and "amino acid metabolism." Furthermore, the LsEVs were internalized by host liver cells and can regulate inflammation. These findings confirm that LsEVs contain various functional proteins that play important roles in energy metabolism, signal transduction, and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, P.R. China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
| | - Ayong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, P.R. China
| | - Daqian He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
| | - Huaxiang Yan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
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8
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Wang N, Li J, Hu Z, Ngowi EE, Yan B, Qiao A. Exosomes: New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1480. [PMID: 38132306 PMCID: PMC10740970 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a diameter of 30~150 nm (averaging ~100 nm) that are primarily produced through the endosomal pathway, and carry various components such as lipids, proteins, RNA, and other small molecular substances. Exosomes can mediate intercellular communication through the bioactive substances they carry, thus participating in different physiological activities. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a disease caused by disturbances in the body's metabolism, mainly including insulin resistance (IR), diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis (AS). Recent studies have shown that exosomes are closely related to the occurrence and development of MS. Exosomes can act as messengers to mediate signaling transductions between metabolic cells in the organism and play a bidirectional regulatory role in the MS process. This paper mainly reviews the components, biogenesis, biological functions and potential applications of exosomes, and exosomes involved in the pathogenesis of MS as well as their clinical significance in MS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (N.W.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (E.E.N.)
| | - Jing Li
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (N.W.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (E.E.N.)
| | - Zixuan Hu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (N.W.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (E.E.N.)
| | - Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (N.W.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (E.E.N.)
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam 2329, Tanzania
| | - Baolong Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
| | - Aijun Qiao
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (N.W.); (J.L.); (Z.H.); (E.E.N.)
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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9
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Altıntaş Ö, Saylan Y. Exploring the Versatility of Exosomes: A Review on Isolation, Characterization, Detection Methods, and Diverse Applications. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16029-16048. [PMID: 37874907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mediators of intercellular communication and can be classified based on their physical properties, biomolecular structure, and origin. Among EVs, exosomes have garnered significant attention due to their potential as therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Exosomes are released via fusion of multivesicular bodies on plasma membranes and can be isolated from various biofluids using methods such as differential ultracentrifugation, immune affinity capture, ultrafiltration, and size exclusion chromatography. Herein, an overview of different techniques for exosome characterization and isolation, as well as the diverse applications of exosome detection, including their potential use in drug delivery and disease diagnosis, is provided. Additionally, we discuss the emerging field of exosome detection by sensors, which offers an up-and-coming avenue for point-of-care diagnostic tools development. Overall, this review aims to provide a exhaustive and up-to-date summary of the current state of exosome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Altıntaş
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeşeren Saylan
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Yang X, Xie X, Liu S, Ma W, Zheng Z, Wei H, Yu CY. Engineered Exosomes as Theranostic Platforms for Cancer Treatment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5479-5503. [PMID: 37695590 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous progress in nanotechnology and nanomedicine has made a significant positive effect on cancer treatment by integrating multicomponents into a single multifunctional nanosized delivery system for combinatorial therapies. Although numerous nanocarriers developed so far have achieved excellent therapeutic performance in mouse models via elegant integration of chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy, their synthetic origin may still cause systemic toxicity, immunogenicity, and preferential detection or elimination by the immune system. Exosomes, endogenous nanosized particles secreted by multiple biological cells, could be absorbed by recipient cells to facilitate intercellular communication and content delivery. Therefore, exosomes have emerged as novel cargo delivery tools and attracted considerable attention for cancer diagnosis and treatment due to their innate stability, biological compatibility, and biomembrane penetration capacity. Exosome-related properties and functions have been well-documented; however, there are few reviews, to our knowledge, with a focus on the combination of exosomes and nanotechnology for the development of exosome-based theranostic platforms. To make a timely review on this hot subject of research, we summarize the basic information, isolation and functionalization methodologies, diagnostic and therapeutic potential of exosomes in various cancers with an emphasis on the description of exosome-related nanomedicine for cancer theranostics. The existing appealing challenges and outlook in exosome clinical translation are finally introduced. Advanced biotechnology and nanotechnology will definitely not only promote the integration of intrinsic advantages of natural nanosized exosomes with traditional synthetic nanomaterials for modulated precise cancer treatment but also contribute to the clinical translations of exosome-based nanomedicine as theranostic nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiangyu Xie
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Songbin Liu
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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11
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Wallen M, Aqil F, Spencer W, Gupta RC. Exosomes as an Emerging Plasmid Delivery Vehicle for Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1832. [PMID: 37514019 PMCID: PMC10384126 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its introduction more than three decades ago, gene therapy has fallen short of its expected potential for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases and continues to lack widespread clinical use. The fundamental limitation in clinical translatability of this therapeutic modality has always been an effective delivery system that circumvents degradation of the therapeutic nucleic acids, ensuring they reach the intended disease target. Plasmid DNA (pDNA) for the purpose of introducing exogenous genes presents an additional challenge due to its size and potential immunogenicity. Current pDNA methods include naked pDNA accompanied by electroporation or ultrasound, liposomes, other nanoparticles, and cell-penetrating peptides, to name a few. While the topic of numerous reviews, each of these methods has its own unique set of limitations, side effects, and efficacy concerns. In this review, we highlight emerging uses of exosomes for the delivery of pDNA for gene therapy. We specifically focus on bovine milk and colostrum-derived exosomes as a nano-delivery "platform". Milk/colostrum represents an abundant, scalable, and cost-effective natural source of exosomes that can be loaded with nucleic acids for targeted delivery to a variety of tissue types in the body. These nanoparticles can be functionalized and loaded with pDNA for the exogenous expression of genes to target a wide variety of disease phenotypes, overcoming many of the limitations of current gene therapy delivery techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farrukh Aqil
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | | | - Ramesh C Gupta
- 3P Biotechnologies, Inc., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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12
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Pan R, Chen D, Hou L, Hu R, Jiao Z. Small extracellular vesicles: a novel drug delivery system for neurodegenerative disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1184435. [PMID: 37404690 PMCID: PMC10315580 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1184435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have a slow onset and are usually detected late during disease. NDs are often difficult to cure due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which makes it difficult to find effective treatments and drugs, causing great stress and financial burden to families and society. Currently, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are the most promising drug delivery systems (DDSs) for targeted delivery of molecules to specific sites in the brain as a therapeutic vehicle due to their low toxicity, low immunogenicity, high stability, high delivery efficiency, high biocompatibility and trans-BBB functionality. Here, we review the therapeutic application of sEVs in several NDs, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, discuss the current barriers associated with sEVs and brain-targeted DDS, and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Pan
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lanlan Hou
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhigang Jiao
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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13
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Han L, Zhao Z, He C, Li J, Li X, Lu M. Removing the stumbling block of exosome applications in clinical and translational medicine: expand production and improve accuracy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:57. [PMID: 37005658 PMCID: PMC10068172 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the clinical application and transformation of exosomes are still in the exploration stage, the prospects are promising and have a profound impact on the future transformation medicine of exosomes. However, due to the limitation of production and poor targeting ability of exosomes, the extensive and rich biological functions of exosomes are restricted, and the potential of clinical transformation is limited. The current research is committed to solving the above problems and expanding the clinical application value, but it lacks an extensive, multi-angle, and comprehensive systematic summary and prospect. Therefore, we reviewed the current optimization strategies of exosomes in medical applications, including the exogenous treatment of parent cells and the improvement of extraction methods, and compared their advantages and disadvantages. Subsequently, the targeting ability was improved by carrying drugs and engineering the structure of exosomes to solve the problem of poor targeting ability in clinical transformation. In addition, we discussed other problems that may exist in the application of exosomes. Although the clinical application and transformation of exosomes are still in the exploratory stage, the prospects are promising and have a profound impact on drug delivery, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- Ultrasound Medical Center, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- The School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhirong Zhao
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanshi He
- Ultrasound Medical Center, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- The School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiami Li
- Ultrasound Medical Center, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Ultrasound Medical Center, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Man Lu
- Ultrasound Medical Center, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- The School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, 611731, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Xu Z, Xu Y, Zhang K, Liu Y, Liang Q, Thakur A, Liu W, Yan Y. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) in nanomedicine for human disease and therapeutic modalities. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:114. [PMID: 36978093 PMCID: PMC10049910 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The past few years have witnessed a significant increase in research related to plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) in biological and medical applications. Using biochemical technologies, multiple independent groups have demonstrated the important roles of PDEVs as potential mediators involved in cell-cell communication and the exchange of bio-information between species. Recently, several contents have been well identified in PDEVs, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other active substances. These cargoes carried by PDEVs could be transferred into recipient cells and remarkably influence their biological behaviors associated with human diseases, such as cancers and inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the latest updates regarding PDEVs and focuses on its important role in nanomedicine applications, as well as the potential of PDEVs as drug delivery strategies to develop diagnostic and therapeutic agents for the clinical management of diseases, especially like cancers. CONCLUSION Considering its unique advantages, especially high stability, intrinsic bioactivity and easy absorption, further elaboration on molecular mechanisms and biological factors driving the function of PDEVs will provide new horizons for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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15
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Bovari-Biri J, Garai K, Banfai K, Csongei V, Pongracz JE. miRNAs as Predictors of Barrier Integrity. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040422. [PMID: 37185497 PMCID: PMC10136429 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The human body has several barriers that protect its integrity and shield it from mechanical, chemical, and microbial harm. The various barriers include the skin, intestinal and respiratory epithelia, blood-brain barrier (BBB), and immune system. In the present review, the focus is on the physical barriers that are formed by cell layers. The barrier function is influenced by the molecular microenvironment of the cells forming the barriers. The integrity of the barrier cell layers is maintained by the intricate balance of protein expression that is partly regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) both in the intracellular space and the extracellular microenvironment. The detection of changes in miRNA patterns has become a major focus of diagnostic, prognostic, and disease progression, as well as therapy-response, markers using a great variety of detection systems in recent years. In the present review, we highlight the importance of liquid biopsies in assessing barrier integrity and challenges in differential miRNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Bovari-Biri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kitti Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Banfai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Veronika Csongei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Judit E Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
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16
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Shaabani N, Meira SR, Marcet-Palacios M, Kulka M. Multiparametric Biosensors for Characterizing Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:387-398. [PMID: 36926451 PMCID: PMC10012251 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important intercellular communication conduit for cells that have applications in precision therapy and targeted drug delivery. Small EVs, or exosomes, are a 30-150 nm phospholipid-encased subpopulation of EVs that are particularly difficult to characterize due to their small size and because they are difficult to isolate using conventional methods. In this review, we discuss some recent advances in exosome isolation, purification, and sensing platforms using microfluidics, acoustics, and size exclusion chromatography. We discuss some of the challenges and unanswered questions with respect to understanding exosome size heterogeneity and how modern biosensor technology can be applied to exosome isolation. In addition, we discuss how some advancements in sensing platforms such as colorimetric, fluorescent, electronic, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and Raman spectroscopy may be applied to exosome detection in multiparametric systems. The application of cryogenic electron tomography and microscopy to understanding exosome ultrastructure will become vital as this field progresses. In conclusion, we speculate on some future needs in the exosome research field and how these technologies could be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Shaabani
- Nanotechnology
Research Centre, National Research Council
Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Sabrina Rodrigues Meira
- Nanotechnology
Research Centre, National Research Council
Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | | | - Marianna Kulka
- Nanotechnology
Research Centre, National Research Council
Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
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17
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Exosomes treating osteoarthritis: hope with challenge. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13152. [PMID: 36711315 PMCID: PMC9880404 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) has been proven as the second primary cause of pain and disability in the elderly population, impact patients both physically and mentally, as well as imposing a heavy burden on the global healthcare system. Current treatment methods, whether conservative or surgical, that aim at relieving symptoms can not delay or reverse the degenerative process in the structure. Scientists and clinicians are facing a revolution in OA treatment strategies. The emergence of exosomes brings hope for OA treatment based on pathology, which is attributed to its full potential in protecting chondrocytes from excessive death, alleviating inflammation, maintaining cartilage matrix metabolism, and regulating angiogenesis and subchondral bone remodeling. Therefore, we summarized the recent studies of exosomes in OA, aiming to comprehensively understand the functions and mechanisms of exosomes in OA treatment, which may provide direction and theoretical support for formulating therapeutic strategies in the future.
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18
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Matsuzaka Y, Yashiro R. Advances in Purification, Modification, and Application of Extracellular Vesicles for Novel Clinical Treatments. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12121244. [PMID: 36557150 PMCID: PMC9787595 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane vesicles surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and include microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, exosomes, and exomeres. Exosome-encapsulated microRNAs (miRNAs) released from cancer cells are involved in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells via angiogenesis. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, which is being employed in regenerative medicine owing to the ability of MSCs to differentiate into various cells, is due to humoral factors, including messenger RNA (mRNA), miRNAs, proteins, and lipids, which are encapsulated in exosomes derived from transplanted cells. New treatments that advocate cell-free therapy using MSC-derived exosomes will significantly improve clinical practice. Therefore, using highly purified exosomes that perform their original functions is desirable. In this review, we summarized advances in the purification, modification, and application of EVs as novel strategies to treat some diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan
| | - Ryu Yashiro
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-0004, Japan
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