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Torp MK, Vaage J, Stensløkken KO. Mitochondria-derived damage-associated molecular patterns and inflammation in the ischemic-reperfused heart. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13920. [PMID: 36617670 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cell death after myocardial infarction release endogenous structures termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that trigger the innate immune system and initiate a sterile inflammation in the myocardium. Cardiomyocytes are energy demanding cells and 30% of their volume are mitochondria. Mitochondria are evolutionary endosymbionts originating from bacteria containing molecular patterns similar to bacteria, termed mitochondrial DAMPs (mDAMPs). Consequently, mitochondrial debris may be particularly immunogenic and damaging. However, the role of mDAMPs in myocardial infarction is not clarified. Identifying the most harmful mDAMPs and inhibiting their early inflammatory signaling may reduce infarct size and the risk of developing post-infarct heart failure. The focus of this review is the role of mDAMPs in the immediate pro-inflammatory phase after myocardial infarction before arrival of immune cells in the myocardium. We discuss different mDAMPs, their role in physiology and present knowledge regarding their role in the inflammatory response of acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- May-Kristin Torp
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Vaage
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre-Olav Stensløkken
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Consonni SR, de Carvalho ACPV, Mauro AB, Franchini KG, Bajgelman MC. Lentiviral transduction of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes preserves ultrastructural features of genetically modified cells. Virology 2021; 562:190-196. [PMID: 34365094 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Preserving morphological features that are important for cell function and structure is a critical parameter for in vitro experiments with rat cardiomyocytes. Lentiviral vectors are commonly used as gene transfer tool because of its high flexibility, efficiency to deliver expression cassettes and versatility of transducing quiescent cells. The tropism of the recombinant viral particle can be determined depending on the virus envelope, which shows a specific binding to cell surface receptors on the target cell. The combination of promoter arrangement and viral envelope must be optimized to achieve a greater transduction efficiency and a higher transgene expression. In this study we explored the optimization of promoters and heterologous envelopes to transduce primary culture of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Our results suggest a robust expression driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter, and high efficiency transduction mediated by VSV-G envelope with no apparent compromising ultrastructural features of genetically modified cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvio R Consonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anna C P V de Carvalho
- Brazilian National Laboratory for Biosciences (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Artur B Mauro
- Brazilian National Laboratory for Biosciences (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Kleber G Franchini
- Brazilian National Laboratory for Biosciences (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Medical School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio C Bajgelman
- Brazilian National Laboratory for Biosciences (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Medical School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Zeng WR, Doran PM. Interactivity of biochemical and physical stimuli during epigenetic conditioning and cardiomyocytic differentiation of stem and progenitor cells derived from adult hearts. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 13:73-85. [PMID: 33704437 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mixed populations of cardiosphere-derived stem and progenitor cells containing proliferative and cardiomyogenically committed cells were obtained from adult rat hearts. The cells were cultured in either static 2D monolayers or dynamic 3D scaffold systems with fluid flow. Cardiomyocyte lineage commitment in terms of GATA4 and Nkx2.5 expression was significantly enhanced in the dynamic 3D cultures compared with static 2D conditions. Treatment of the cells with 5-azacytidine (5-aza) produced different responses in the two culture systems, as activity of this chemical epigenetic conditioning agent depended on the cell attachment and hydrodynamic conditions provided during culture. Cell growth was unaffected by 5-aza in the static 2D cultures but was significantly reduced under dynamic 3D conditions relative to untreated controls. Myogenic differentiation measured as Mef2c expression was markedly upregulated by 5-aza in the dynamic 3D cultures but downregulated in the static 2D cultures. The ability of the physical environment to modulate the cellular cardiomyogenic response to 5-aza underscores the interactivity of biochemical and physical stimuli applied for cell differentiation. Accordingly, observations about the efficacy of 5-aza as a cardiomyocyte induction agent may not be applicable across different culture systems. Overall, use of dynamic 3D rather than static 2D culture was more beneficial for cardio-specific myogenesis than 5-aza treatment, which generated a more ambiguous differentiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy R Zeng
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pauline M Doran
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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4
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Cao T, Liccardo D, LaCanna R, Zhang X, Lu R, Finck BN, Leigh T, Chen X, Drosatos K, Tian Y. Fatty Acid Oxidation Promotes Cardiomyocyte Proliferation Rate but Does Not Change Cardiomyocyte Number in Infant Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:42. [PMID: 30968022 PMCID: PMC6440456 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte proliferation accounts for the increase of cardiac muscle during fetal mammalian heart development. Shortly after birth, cardiomyocyte transits from hyperplasia to hypertrophic growth. Here, we have investigated the role of fatty acid β-oxidation in cardiomyocyte proliferation and hypertrophic growth during early postnatal life in mice. A transient wave of increased cell cycle activity of cardiomyocyte was observed between postnatal day 3 and 5, that proceeded as cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth and maturation. Assessment of cardiomyocyte metabolism in neonatal mouse heart revealed a myocardial metabolic shift from glycolysis to fatty acid β-oxidation that coincided with the burst of cardiomyocyte cell cycle reactivation and hypertrophic growth. Inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation metabolism in infant mouse heart delayed cardiomyocyte cell cycle exit, hypertrophic growth and maturation. By contrast, pharmacologic and genetic activation of PPARα, a major regulator of cardiac fatty acid metabolism, induced fatty acid β-oxidation and initially promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation rate in infant mice. As the cell cycle proceeded, activation of PPARα-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation promoted cardiomyocytes hypertrophic growth and maturation, which led to cell cycle exit. As a consequence, activation of PPARα-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation did not alter the total number of cardiomyocytes in infant mice. These findings indicate a unique role of fatty acid β-oxidation in regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation and hypertrophic growth in infant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ryan LaCanna
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Brian N Finck
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tani Leigh
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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5
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Yan X, Wan H, Hao X, Lan T, Li W, Xu L, Yuan K, Wu H. Importance of gene expression signatures in pancreatic cancer prognosis and the establishment of a prediction model. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 11:273-283. [PMID: 30643453 PMCID: PMC6312063 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common tumors with a poor prognosis. The current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, based on the anatomical features of tumors, is insufficient to predict PC outcomes. The current study is endeavored to identify important prognosis-related genes and build an effective predictive model. Methods Multiple public datasets were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and survival-related genes (SRGs). Bioinformatics analysis of DEGs was used to identify the main biological processes and pathways involved in PC. A risk score based on SRGs was computed through a univariate Cox regression analysis. The performance of the risk score in predicting PC prognosis was evaluated with survival analysis, Harrell's concordance index (C-index), area under the curve (AUC), and calibration plots. A predictive nomogram was built through integrating the risk score with clinicopathological information. Results A total of 945 DEGs were identified in five Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, and four SRGs (LYRM1, KNTC1, IGF2BP2, and CDC6) were significantly associated with PC progression and prognosis in four datasets. The risk score showed relatively good performance in predicting prognosis in multiple datasets. The predictive nomogram had greater C-index and AUC values, compared with those of the AJCC stage and risk score. Conclusion This study identified four new biomarkers that are significantly associated with the carcinogenesis, progression, and prognosis of PC, which may be helpful in studying the underlying mechanism of PC carcinogenesis. The predictive nomogram showed robust performance in predicting PC prognosis. Therefore, the current model may provide an effective and reliable guide for prognosis assessment and treatment decision-making in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Yan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Haifeng Wan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Xiangyong Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, .,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Kefei Yuan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, .,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, .,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
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6
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Zhang J. Bioinformatics analysis of novel transcription factors and related differentially regulated modules in non-union skeletal fractures. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2018; 31:623-628. [PMID: 29578472 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-169596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to further clarify the underlying pathomechanism of non-union skeletal fractures. METHODS Gene expression profile dataset GSE494 obtained from six non-union skeletal fracture and six normal samples was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Overlapping genes in at least two platforms were analyzed, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and disease groups were screened. Transcriptional regulatory relationships and differentially regulated modules of various transcription factors (TFs) were determined. Differentially regulated modules with unknown functions were subjected to functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS Overall, 4,252 overlapping genes in at least two platforms and 77 DEGs, including 31 up and 46 downregulated genes, were obtained. Overall, 64,623 transcriptional regulatory relationships, including 49 TFs and 3,900 target genes, and 9 significant modules for differential regulation were identified. Three modules with unknown functions regulated by TFs, including zinc finger, ZZ-type containing 3 (ZZZ3), nuclear TF Y, alpha (NFYA), and POU class 2 homeobox 2 (POU2F2), were identified. Enriched GO-BP terms of NFYA and POU2F2 modules included cell adhesion and related terms and those of ZZ3 included cell cycle, cell proliferation, and associated terms. CONCLUSION Three TFs, including ZZZ3, POU2F2, and NFYA, and their regulated modules may have important effects on non-union skeletal fractures. Cell proliferation may be related with ZZZ3; cell adhesion and its similar process may be related with POU2F2 and NFYA.
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7
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Cianflone E, Aquila I, Scalise M, Marotta P, Torella M, Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D. Molecular basis of functional myogenic specification of Bona Fide multipotent adult cardiac stem cells. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:927-946. [PMID: 29862928 PMCID: PMC6103696 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1464852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) remains the developed world's number one killer. The improved survival from Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and the progressive aging of western population brought to an increased incidence of chronic Heart Failure (HF), which assumed epidemic proportions nowadays. Except for heart transplantation, all treatments for HF should be considered palliative because none of the current therapies can reverse myocardial degeneration responsible for HF syndrome. To stop the HF epidemic will ultimately require protocols to reduce the progressive cardiomyocyte (CM) loss and to foster their regeneration. It is now generally accepted that mammalian CMs renew throughout life. However, this endogenous regenerative reservoir is insufficient to repair the extensive damage produced by AMI/IHD while the source and degree of CM turnover remains strongly disputed. Independent groups have convincingly shown that the adult myocardium harbors bona-fide tissue specific cardiac stem cells (CSCs). Unfortunately, recent reports have challenged the identity and the endogenous myogenic capacity of the c-kit expressing CSCs. This has hampered progress and unless this conflict is settled, clinical tests of repair/regenerative protocols are unlikely to provide convincing answers about their clinical potential. Here we review recent data that have eventually clarified the specific phenotypic identity of true multipotent CSCs. These cells when coaxed by embryonic cardiac morphogens undergo a precisely orchestrated myogenic commitment process robustly generating bona-fide functional cardiomyocytes. These data should set the path for the revival of further investigation untangling the regenerative biology of adult CSCs to harness their potential for HF prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cianflone
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Iolanda Aquila
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pina Marotta
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania Campus “Salvatore Venuta” Viale Europa- Loc. Germaneto “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Bernardo Nadal-Ginard
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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8
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Pedernera E, Gómora MJ, Meneses I, De Ita M, Méndez C. Androgen receptor is expressed in mouse cardiomyocytes at prenatal and early postnatal developmental stages. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 17:7. [PMID: 28806941 PMCID: PMC5557468 DOI: 10.1186/s12899-017-0033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies show that androgens are involved in hypertrophy and excitability of cardiomyocytes and that their effects are mediated through their receptor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of androgen receptor (AR) in mouse heart during prenatal and early postnatal stages. Results The expression of AR and related genes, alpha myosin heavy chain -Myh6-, beta myosin heavy chain -Myh7- and atrial natriuretic factor –Nppa- was simultaneously evaluated by semiquantitative RT-PCR. AR was also detected by immunohistochemistry. Androgen receptor mRNA was detected in hearts from 10.5 days post coitum to 16 postnatal days. A higher expression of AR mRNA in atria compared to ventricles was observed in neonatal mouse. A positive correlation between mRNA levels of AR and Nppa was observed in mouse heart at early postnatal development. Androgen receptor expression is similar in males and females during cardiac development. Finally, androgen receptor protein was observed by immunohistochemistry in myocardial cells of atria and ventricles from 12.5 days onwards and restricted after 16.5 days post-coitum to nuclei of cardiomyocytes. Conclusion Present results provide evidence that androgen receptor is expressed from prenatal stages in mouse heart, supporting the proposition that androgens could be involved in mammalian heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Pedernera
- Facultad de Medicina, Edificio E, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad #3000, Coyoacán, 04510, Cd. de México, CP, Mexico
| | - María José Gómora
- Facultad de Medicina, Edificio E, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad #3000, Coyoacán, 04510, Cd. de México, CP, Mexico
| | - Iván Meneses
- Facultad de Medicina, Edificio E, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad #3000, Coyoacán, 04510, Cd. de México, CP, Mexico
| | - Marlon De Ita
- Facultad de Medicina, Edificio E, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad #3000, Coyoacán, 04510, Cd. de México, CP, Mexico
| | - Carmen Méndez
- Facultad de Medicina, Edificio E, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad #3000, Coyoacán, 04510, Cd. de México, CP, Mexico.
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9
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Peter AK, Bjerke MA, Leinwand LA. Biology of the cardiac myocyte in heart disease. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 27:2149-60. [PMID: 27418636 PMCID: PMC4945135 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-01-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a major risk factor for heart failure, and it has been shown that this increase in size occurs at the level of the cardiac myocyte. Cardiac myocyte model systems have been developed to study this process. Here we focus on cell culture tools, including primary cells, immortalized cell lines, human stem cells, and their morphological and molecular responses to pathological stimuli. For each cell type, we discuss commonly used methods for inducing hypertrophy, markers of pathological hypertrophy, advantages for each model, and disadvantages to using a particular cell type over other in vitro model systems. Where applicable, we discuss how each system is used to model human disease and how these models may be applicable to current drug therapeutic strategies. Finally, we discuss the increasing use of biomaterials to mimic healthy and diseased hearts and how these matrices can contribute to in vitro model systems of cardiac cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Peter
- Biofrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Maureen A Bjerke
- Biofrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- Biofrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
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10
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Abstract
Stem cell mediated cardiac repair is an exciting and controversial area of cardiovascular research that holds the potential to produce novel, revolutionary therapies for the treatment of heart disease. Extensive investigation to define cell types contributing to cardiac formation, homeostasis and regeneration has produced several candidates, including adult cardiac c-Kit+ expressing stem and progenitor cells that have even been employed in a Phase I clinical trial demonstrating safety and feasibility of this therapeutic approach. However, the field of cardiac cell based therapy remains deeply divided due to strong disagreement among researchers and clinicians over which cell types, if any, are the best candidates for these applications. Research models that identify and define specific cardiac cells that effectively contribute to heart repair are urgently needed to resolve this debate. In this review, current c-Kit reporter models are discussed with respect to myocardial c-Kit cell biology and function, and future designs imagined to better represent endogenous myocardial c-Kit expression.
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11
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Yahalom-Ronen Y, Rajchman D, Sarig R, Geiger B, Tzahor E. Reduced matrix rigidity promotes neonatal cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation, proliferation and clonal expansion. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26267307 PMCID: PMC4558647 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte (CM) maturation in mammals is accompanied by a sharp decline in their proliferative and regenerative potential shortly after birth. In this study, we explored the role of the mechanical properties of the underlying matrix in the regulation of CM maturation. We show that rat and mouse neonatal CMs cultured on rigid surfaces exhibited increased myofibrillar organization, spread morphology, and reduced cell cycle activity. In contrast, compliant elastic matrices induced features of CM dedifferentiation, including a disorganized sarcomere network, rounding, and conspicuous cell-cycle re-entry. The rigid matrix facilitated nuclear division (karyokinesis) leading to binucleation, while compliant matrices promoted CM mitotic rounding and cell division (cytokinesis), associated with loss of differentiation markers. Moreover, the compliant matrix potentiated clonal expansion of CMs that involves multiple cell divisions. Thus, the compliant microenvironment facilitates CM dedifferentiation and proliferation via its effect on the organization of the myoskeleton. Our findings may be exploited to design new cardiac regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dana Rajchman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rachel Sarig
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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12
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Williams C, Sullivan K, Black LD. Partially Digested Adult Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Promotes Cardiomyocyte Proliferation In Vitro. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1545-54. [PMID: 25988681 PMCID: PMC4504755 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stimulating or maintaining the proliferative capacity of postnatal mammalian cardiomyocytes is a major challenge to cardiac regeneration. Previously, it is found that fetal cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) can promote neonatal rat cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro better than neonatal or adult ECM. It is hypothesized that partial digestion of adult ECM (PD-ECM) would liberate less crosslinked components that promote cardiomyocyte proliferation, similar to fetal ECM. Neonatal rat cardiac cells are seeded onto substrates coated with adult rat cardiac ECM that has been solubilized in pepsin-HCl for 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 h. Cardiomyocyte proliferation and fold-change in numbers from 1 to 5 d are highest on 1 and 3 h PD-ECM compared to other conditions. Sarcomeres tend to mature on 24 and 48 h PD-ECM where low proliferation is observed. 3 h PD-ECM is primarily composed of Fibrillin-1, Fibrinogen, and Laminins while 48 h PD-ECM is dominated by Collagen I. Our results suggest that adult ECM retains regenerative cues that may be masked by more abundant, mature ECM components. PD-ECM provides a simple yet powerful approach to promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corin Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Kelly Sullivan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Lauren D. Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155 USA
- Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, Sackler School for Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA
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13
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Parameswaran S, Kumar S, Verma RS, Sharma RK. Cardiomyocyte culture - an update on the in vitro cardiovascular model and future challenges. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:985-98. [PMID: 24289068 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The success of any work with isolated cardiomyocytes depends on the reproducibility of cell isolation, because the cells do not divide. To date, there is no suitable in vitro model to study human adult cardiac cell biology. Although embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro, the efficiency of this process is low. Isolation and expansion of human cardiomyocyte progenitor cells from cardiac surgical waste or, alternatively, from fetal heart tissue is another option. However, to overcome various issues related to human tissue usage, especially ethical concerns, researchers use large- and small-animal models to study cardiac pathophysiology. A simple model to study the changes at the cellular level is cultures of cardiomyocytes. Although primary murine cardiomyocyte cultures have their own advantages and drawbacks, alternative strategies have been developed in the last two decades to minimise animal usage and interspecies differences. This review discusses the use of freshly isolated murine cardiomyocytes and cardiomyocyte alternatives for use in cardiac disease models and other related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejit Parameswaran
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
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14
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Chen Z, Pan X, Yao Y, Yan F, Chen L, Huang R, Ma G. Epigenetic regulation of cardiac progenitor cells marker c-kit by stromal cell derived factor-1α. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69134. [PMID: 23894420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have been proven suitable for stem cell therapy after myocardial infarction, especially c-kit(+)CPCs. CPCs marker c-kit and its ligand, the stem cell factor (SCF), are linked as c-kit/SCF axis, which is associated with the functions of proliferation and differentiation. In our previous study, we found that stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) could enhance the expression of c-kit. However, the mechanism is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS CPCs were isolated from adult mouse hearts, c-kit(+) and c-kit(-) CPCs were separated by magnetic beads. The cells were cultured with SDF-1α and CXCR4-selective antagonist AMD3100, and c-kit expression was measured by qPCR and Western blotting. Results showed that SDF-1α could enhance c-kit expression of c-kit(+)CPCs, made c-kit(-)CPCs expressing c-kit, and AMD3100 could inhibit the function of SDF-1α. After the intervention of SDF-1α and AMD3100, proliferation and migration of CPCs were measured by CCK-8 and transwell assay. Results showed that SDF-1α could enhance the proliferation and migration of both c-kit(+) and c-kit(-) CPCs, and AMD3100 could inhibit these functions. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) mRNA were measured by qPCR, DNMT activity was measured using the DNMT activity assay kit, and DNA methylation was analyzed using Sequenom's MassARRAY platform, after the CPCs were cultured with SDF-1α. The results showed that SDF-1α stimulation inhibited the expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3β, which are critical for the maintenance of regional DNA methylation. Global DNMT activity was also inhibited by SDF-1α. Lastly, SDF-1α treatment led to significant demethylation in both c-kit(+) and c-kit(-) CPCs. CONCLUSIONS SDF-1α combined with CXCR4 could up-regulate c-kit expression of c-kit(+)CPCs and make c-kit(-)CPCs expressing c-kit, which result in the CPCs proliferation and migration ability improvement, through the inhibition of DNMT1 and DNMT3β expression and global DNMT activity, as well as the subsequent demethylation of the c-kit gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Sandri M, Rizzi R, Schiattarella GG, Levialdi Ghiron JH, Latronico MV, Pironti G, Chiariello GA, Esposito G, Tampieri A, Condorelli G. A collagen membrane-based engineered heart tissue improves cardiac function in ischemic rat hearts. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2013. [DOI: 10.1680/bbn.12.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the relatively new field of cardiac tissue engineering, different biomaterials, methods and techniques have been tested for cardiac repair, but we are still far from the achievement of a valid model that can be tested for therapeutic goals. In this study, the authors examined the efficacy of newly preformed membranes based on collagen type I for the transplantation of cardiac cells. The membrane prototype, cross-linked with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE) and fibronectin-enriched, gave rise to spontaneously beating heart cell constructs, 5–9 days after seeding with neonatal rat cardiac cells. This membrane was grafted, with and without beating cardiac cells, onto the infarcted area of rat models of heart failure. Seriate echocardiography, performed on rats before transplantation and at 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, demonstrated that rats treated with collagen membranes previously seeded with beating cells showed an improvement in cardiac function after 8 weeks. These results suggest that this new type of collagen membrane can be used as vector for the transplantation of beating heart cells for the regeneration of the injured myocardium and hence represents an important potential tool for cardiac tissue repair technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sandri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics – National Research Council of Italy (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research – National Research Council of Italy (IRGB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Jung Hee Levialdi Ghiron
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy (IRGB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianluigi Pironti
- Division of Cardiology, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni A. Chiariello
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy (IRGB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Division of Cardiology, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics – National Research Council of Italy (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (IRCCS), Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research – National Research Council of Italy (IRGB-CNR), Milan, Italy
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Botting KJ, Wang KCW, Padhee M, McMillen IC, Summers-Pearce B, Rattanatray L, Cutri N, Posterino GS, Brooks DA, Morrison JL. Early origins of heart disease: low birth weight and determinants of cardiomyocyte endowment. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 39:814-23. [PMID: 22126336 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. World-wide epidemiological and experimental animal studies demonstrate that adversity in fetal life, resulting in intrauterine growth restriction, programmes the offspring for a greater susceptibility to ischaemic heart disease and heart failure in adult life. 2. After cardiogenesis, cardiomyocyte endowment is determined by a range of hormones and signalling pathways that regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation, apoptosis and the timing of multinucleation/terminal differentiation. 3. The small fetus may have reduced cardiomyocyte endowment owing to the impact of a suboptimal intrauterine environment on the signalling pathways that regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation, apoptosis and the timing of terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Botting
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Craven M, Kotlikoff MI, Nadworny AS. C-kit expression identifies cardiac precursor cells in neonatal mice. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 843:177-89. [PMID: 22222532 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-523-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Through directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells, it has been demonstrated that mesodermal lineages in the mammalian heart (smooth muscle, endothelial, and cardiac) develop from a common, multipotent cardiovascular precursor (Dev Biol 265:262-275, 2004; Cell 127:1137-1150, 2006; Dev Cell 11:723-732, 2006). Identification of cardiovascular precursor cells at various stages of lineage commitment has been determined by expression of multiple markers, including the stem cell factor receptor c-kit. Utilizing a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mouse model in which EGFP expression is placed under control of the c-kit promoter (c-kit(BAC)-EGFP), work from our laboratory indicates that c-kit expression identifies a multipotent cardiovascular precursor cell population within the early postnatal heart that can be isolated, expanded, and differentiated in vitro into all three cell lineages that specify the heart (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:1808-1813, 2009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Craven
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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