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da Costa BFT, Teixeira A, Prata JC, Pérez-Mongiovi D. Application of the Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay for Genotoxicity Detection in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2025; 15:382. [PMID: 39943152 PMCID: PMC11815917 DOI: 10.3390/ani15030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
In Europe, there is a growing concern for animal welfare, encompassing both their rights and health. Consequently, identifying biomarkers that predict serious pathological conditions has become crucial in veterinary medicine. The Buccal Micronucleus Cytome (BMCyt) assay is a minimally invasive method that uses biomarkers to evaluate DNA damage and chromosomal instability, using exfoliated buccal cells. A rising frequency of anomalies, such as micronuclei formation, strongly indicates an elevated risk of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, or accelerated aging, potentially originating from exposure to genotoxins and cytotoxins. This method has been validated in humans, but very little research has been conducted on animals. This work aims to provide a detailed description of an optimized method for collecting buccal exfoliated cells in dogs and to characterize a biomarker related to genomic damage using optical and fluorescent microscopy. Samples from dogs in breeding kennels, including pregnant animals, were tested for chromosomal instability. By following procedures similar to those used in humans, we were able to detect and count major nuclear abnormalities. The percentage of micronuclei was higher compared to other studies. Technical aspects, such as avoiding artifacts and ensuring prior training of the operator, must be taken into account. This work validated the BMCyt method for collecting and processing samples in dogs, potentially enhancing the understanding of micronuclei as biomarkers for pre-pathological states in canines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Teixeira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (A.T.); (J.C.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Forensics and Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Joana C. Prata
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (A.T.); (J.C.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Forensics and Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Pérez-Mongiovi
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (A.T.); (J.C.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Forensics and Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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Vishwadha C, Varshitha Thanmai J, Ramlal G, G SG, Katne T, Vaishnavi Reddy P. Assessing Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Induced by X-Ray Exposure From Cone Beam Computed Tomography at Varied Fields of View. Cureus 2024; 16:e66459. [PMID: 39247027 PMCID: PMC11380533 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The practice of dentistry benefits greatly from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and advantages should be prioritized over hazards; even modest doses of X-rays have the potential to have cytotoxic effects, damage DNA through their clastogenic impact, and stimulate the creation of micronuclei along with further nuclear changes. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of X-rays in exfoliated oral mucosal cells from patients who underwent CBCT scans at different fields of view (FOV), and to examine and assess the extent of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity caused by X-rays in oral exfoliated cells of people who were subjected to CBCT at different fields of view (FOV). MATERIAL AND METHODS Following CBCT exposure, 66 patients were chosen from the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology at the SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahbubnagar. Cells from the buccal mucosa were then extracted using the exfoliative cytology method, and the samples were examined under a microscope to look for nuclear and cytological abnormalities. RESULTS A paired t-test analysis revealed that mean micronuclei increased significantly in each study group from before to after exposure. It increased in Group I from 93.59 to 96.05, in Group II from 83.27 to 91.86, and in Group III from 86.05 to 97.00. Various test analyses revealed an important relation between exposure status and the presence of karyorrhexis in Group III. There was no association in other groups. CONCLUSION The study revealed a significant increase of micronuclei in subjects after exposure to radiation at various FOVs. There was an increased karyorrhexis following radiation exposure in all groups at various FOVs. The significant association between exposure and karyorrhexis in the larger size FOV group was noticed further potentiating the extent of increased damage as the size of FOV is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintha Vishwadha
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, IND
| | | | - G Ramlal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, IND
| | - Srikanth Goud G
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, IND
| | - Tejaswi Katne
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, IND
| | - Poreddy Vaishnavi Reddy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, IND
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Malacarne IT, Alpire MES, Malinverni ACDM, Ribeiro DA. The use of micronucleus assay in oral mucosa cells as a suitable biomarker in children exposed to environmental mutagens: theoretical concepts, guidelines and future directions. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2024; 39:191-197. [PMID: 36367315 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the micronucleus assay has been recognized as a suitable biomarker for monitoring populations exposed to many different occupational factors, lifestyle, environmental conditions, radiation exposure, and deleterious effects of pesticides. The objective of this work is to direct the design of future field studies in the assessment of the risk of children exposed to environmental mutagens, radiation, and pesticides. This review sought available information on the analysis of micronuclei in oral cells in children. A literature search for papers investigating DNA damage, genetic damage, oral cells, buccal cells, genotoxicity, mutagenicity and micronucleus was begun in 2000 and is scheduled to be concluded in May, 2022. Briefly, a search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for a variety of articles was performed. The results showed that there are still few studies that addressed micronuclei of oral cells in children exposed to the most diverse environmental conditions. Only environmental pollution was associated with damage to the genome of oral cells in children. Therefore, researchers need to be calibrated in cell analysis, standardization of field study protocols and the development of new research in the evaluation of children using the micronucleus test as a tool in child biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingra Tais Malacarne
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Esther Suarez Alpire
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Batool SA, Chaudhry S, Munir N, Inayat N, Suleman G, Ahmed AR, Al-Qarni MA, Chaturvedi M, Cicciù M, Minervini G. Micronuclei as an indicator of genotoxic change in epithelial cells of buccal mucosa after panoramic radiographs. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:2825-2836. [PMID: 38995741 DOI: 10.3233/thc-240072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The radiation released at the time of dental panoramic radiographs causes genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on epithelial cells. OBJECTIVE This research aimed to evaluate the changes in the frequencies of micronucleated cells in patients' buccal epithelial cells following dental panoramic radiography. METHODS 74 patients were recruited for the study who were advised for panoramic radiographs. Using a wooden spatula, the buccal epithelial cells were scraped from both cheeks before to panoramic radiation exposure and ten days after the panoramic radiation exposure. Giemsa stain was used to stain the cells, and 500 cells were scored on a slide to determine the frequency of micronuclei. To determine the difference between the frequency of micronuclei before and after radiation exposure, a paired t-test was used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS The proportion of micronuclei cells was 0.11% before radiation exposure and 0.57% following radiation exposure after 10 days. A statistically significant increase in the frequencies of micronuclei was noted after radiation exposure values. CONCLUSION This study revealed the genotoxicity of epithelial cells with dental panoramic radiation exposure. It is advised to reduce the use of such radiographs and to use only when there is no other diagnostic tool that is helpful or when absolutely essential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sana Chaudhry
- Avicenna Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Munir
- Avicenna Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Inayat
- Azra Naheed Dental College, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Suleman
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Razzaq Ahmed
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Qarni
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudita Chaturvedi
- Department of Dental Research Cell, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Mansarovar Dental College, Bhopal, India
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Malacarne IT, Takeshita WM, Viana MDB, Renno ACM, Ribeiro DA. Is micronucleus assay a suitable method for biomonitoring children exposed to X-ray? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1522-1530. [PMID: 36952616 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2194405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate if the micronucleus test using oral epithelial cells is a suitable biomarker for biomonitoring children exposed to X-ray. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search was performed through the electronic databases PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, all studies published up to February 2022 that examined the relationship between exposure of children to radiographic examinations and micronucleus. RESULTS A total of 17 full-text manuscripts were screened for eligibility. Only two studies found a difference in micronucleus labeling. On the other hand, all studies showed that X-ray was able to induce cellular death in oral mucosa cells. Following the parameters of the Effective Practices in Public Health Project (EPHPP), five manuscripts reached moderate and strong scores, and four studies were categorized as weak at final rating. In the meta-analysis, statistically significant difference was detected in micronucleated cells in children before and after radiographic examinations (SMD = 0.96, 95% CI, 0.07-1.84, p = .04), with τ2=1.09; χ2=53.37, and p < .001. CONCLUSION Radiographic examinations in children can cause genotoxic and cytotoxic damage in the oral epithelium with a large effect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingra Tais Malacarne
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, Brazil
| | - Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Milena de Barros Viana
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Muniz Renno
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, Brazil
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Schneider SJM, Höhne C, Schneider M, Schmitter M. Photoacoustic tomography versus cone-beam computed tomography versus micro-computed tomography: Accuracy of 3D reconstructions of human teeth. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274818. [PMID: 36534651 PMCID: PMC9762560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this in-vitro study, teeth were imaged using photoacoustic tomography (PAT), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). The study had aim: to identify the best wavelength for PAT images to determine the accuracy of the three imaging methods, and to determine whether PAT images of teeth can achieve acceptable reconstruction quality. METHODS Nineteen human mandibular single-rooted incisors were extracted from patients with trauma or periodontitis. To determine the best wavelength for acquiring photoacoustic images, all 19 teeth were scanned in vitro with PAT, using different laser wavelengths between 680 and 960 nm. The images were analyzed using image analysis software. To assess the accuracy of PAT and compare it with the accuracy of CBCT, each tooth was also scanned in vitro using CBCT and the reference standard technique of μ-CT. Subsequently, three different three-dimensional models, one for each imaging technique, were created for each tooth. Finally, the three different three-dimensional models acquired for the same tooth were matched and analyzed regarding volume and surface. RESULTS The highest quality tooth images were achieved using the 680 nm wavelength, which showed the best contrast ratio. The full geometry of the dental root (μ-CT compared with PAT) could be visualized with relative standard deviations of 0.12 mm for the surface and -7.33 mm3 for the volume (n = 19). The full geometry of the dental root (μ-CT compared with CBCT) could be visualized with relative standard deviations of 0.06 mm for the surface and -14.56 mm3 for the volume (n = 19). The difference between the PAT-μ-CT group and CBCT-μ-CT group regarding the total average of the root surface area was not significant (p>0.06). CONCLUSION Images, which were acquired using PAT at 680nm showed the best contrast ration, enabling the identification of dentin, cementum and the dental pulp. No significant differences were found between the PAT-μ-CT group and CBCT-μ-CT group regarding the total average of the RSA and the total volume. Thus, three-dimensional reconstructions based on in-vitro PAT are already of acceptable reconstruction quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Höhne
- Department of Prosthetics, Wuerzburg University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Marc Schmitter
- Department of Prosthetics, Wuerzburg University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Bavaria, Germany
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Aragão WAB, Bittencourt LO, Lima LADO, de Souza MPC, Nogueira LS, Dionizio A, Buzalaf MAR, de Oliveira EHC, Crespo-Lopez ME, Lima RR. DNA Damage and Proteomic Profile Changes in Rat Salivary Glands After Chronic Exposure to Inorganic Mercury. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3983-3995. [PMID: 35013890 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal that became a public health problem due to environmental contamination caused by anthropogenic activity. In this sense, oral homeostasis can undergo changes due to the toxic effects of metal on the salivary glands. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the proteomic and genotoxic changes in salivary glands after exposure to inorganic mercury (IHg). Forty Wistar rats that were divided into a control group, which received distilled water, and an exposed group, which received 0.375 mg/kg of mercury chloride for 45 days via orogastric gavage. After that, the animals were euthanized, and the parotid and submandibular glands were collected for analysis of the genotoxic effects, using the comet assay and proteome global profile assessment. The results showed that IHg promoted damage to cellular DNA associated with proteomic changes that showed events such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, changes in the cytoskeleton, and apoptosis. Therefore, these findings show a profile of molecular changes due to the interactions of IHg with several proteins and mechanisms inherent to the cell, which consequently may result in dysfunction of the salivary glands and impaired homeostasis of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, n. 01, Guamá, Belém, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, n. 01, Guamá, Belém, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Leidiane Alencar de Oliveira Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, n. 01, Guamá, Belém, 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Lygia Sega Nogueira
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Cytogenetics, Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, n. 01, Guamá, Belém, 66075-110, Brazil.
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Mosavat F, Mahdavi N, Safari S. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunohistochemical expression of p53 in the oral mucosal epithelium of adults following cone-beam computed tomography. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 879-880:503496. [PMID: 35914862 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to assess the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p53 in the oral mucosal epithelium of adults following cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This before-and-after observational study evaluated 30 patients (15 males and 15 females); mean age 35 years, who required CBCT. Exfoliating epithelial cells of the buccal mucosa were collected with a cotton swab immediately before and 10 days after CBCT. Following Papanicolaou staining, genotoxicity was evaluated by the micronucleus assay. The frequencies of pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, budding and binucleation as cytotoxicity factors were also recorded. Expression of p53 was evaluated by IHC staining. Data were analyzed by paired samples t-test. Micronucleated cells, pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, budding, cytotoxicity, and expression of p53 increased significantly after CBCT. CBCT exerts genotoxic and cytotoxic effects and leads to overexpression of p53 protein in the oral buccal mucosal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Mosavat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mahdavi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Safari
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist, Tehran, Iran.
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Julu Y, Nagarathna C. Biomonitoring of Genotoxic Effect in Children Exposed to Dental Radiographs during Pulpectomy Procedure—BMCyt Assay. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:S63-S70. [PMID: 35645505 PMCID: PMC9108814 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiography is one of the most valuable diagnostic tools used in comprehensive dental care. Radiation from dental radiographs was thought to cause cytogenetic changes and its plausible effects can remain for some hours, months, or generations especially in children. Aims and objectives To evaluate and compare the possible genotoxic effect of routinely used intraoral periapical radiographic exposure and radiovisiographic exposure in exfoliated epithelial cells as measured by the formation of micronuclei during single visit pulpectomy procedure using Buccal Micronucleus Cytome (BMCyt) assay in children. Materials and methods Study comprised 60 healthy children who has undergone either intraoral periapical radiography (IOPAR; group 1, n = 30) or radiovisiography (RVG; group 2, n = 30) during various steps of single visit pulpectomy procedure. Cytological smears were taken from the buccal mucosa immediately before the X-ray exposure and 10 ± 2 days after exposure. The cells were stained with Feulgen and evaluated for micronuclei by scoring 1,000 cells per sample. Results The genotoxic effect of radiation exposure from intraoral periapical radiography higher than that of RVG showing significant increase in micronucleus (MN) formation. Conclusion The X-ray radiation emitted during IOPAR or RVG does induce genotoxic changes in the form of increased frequency of micronuclei. So, great care and standard protocol should be followed to advice radiographs if necessary and reduce the cumulated biological effects of radiation exposure. Keynote Taking into account the strong evidence of a relationship between DNA damage and carcinogenesis and the extensive application of intraoral radiographs in pediatric dentistry, it would be useful to know to what extent these dental X-rays cause genotoxic effects resulting in DNA damage on oral mucosa. How to cite this article Julu Y, Nagarathna C. Biomonitoring of Genotoxic Effect in Children Exposed to Dental Radiographs during Pulpectomy Procedure—BMCyt Assay. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-1):S63-S70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshang Julu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, RajaRajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Yoshang Julu, Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, RajaRajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Phone: +91 7907544470, e-mail:
| | - Chikkanarasaiah Nagarathna
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, RajaRajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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dos Santos MAL, Couto GR, Sabey MJS, Borges DDPR, Takeshita WM. Can exposure to panoramic radiographs induce genotoxic effects on the oral epithelium? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2022; 51:20210149. [PMID: 34319790 PMCID: PMC8802704 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate, through a systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis, the occurrence of genotoxic effects in the oral epithelium after the exposure of patients to panoramic radiographs. METHODS An SR was performed with the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study design) strategy, aiming to answer the following question: "Can panoramic radiographs induce genotoxic effects on the oral epithelium?" The study was registered in the PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) platform. A systematic search was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed (including MedLine), Scopus, Embase, LILACS, Medline EbscoHost, and Google Scholar. Treatment effects were defined as standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were established. The Joanna Briggs Institute questionnaire for observational studies was applied to assess the risk of bias. The GRADE tool was used to assess the quality of evidence of the SR. RESULTS A total of 251 potentially relevant studies were selected through the search strategy. After screening titles and abstracts, 11 full-text manuscripts were assessed for eligibility and nine observational studies were included in the meta-analysis. The present study showed an increase in micronuclei after the exposure (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.28, p = 0.02), with a Tau2index = 0.00, Chi2 = 2.35, and p-value = 0.97. Therefore, the articles selected were considered homogeneous and the I² of 0% indicated low heterogeneity. CONCLUSION According to the studies analysed, although the quality of evidence was considered low, panoramic radiographs can cause genotoxic damage in the oral epithelium but with a small effect size.
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Belmans N, Oenning AC, Salmon B, Baselet B, Tabury K, Lucas S, Lambrichts I, Moreels M, Jacobs R, Baatout S. Radiobiological risks following dentomaxillofacial imaging: should we be concerned? Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2021; 50:20210153. [PMID: 33989056 PMCID: PMC8404518 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review aimed to present studies that prospectively investigated biological effects in patients following diagnostic dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR). METHODS Literature was systematically searched to retrieve all studies assessing radiobiological effects of using X-ray imaging in the dentomaxillofacial area, with reference to radiobiological outcomes for other imaging modalities and fields. RESULTS There is a lot of variability in the reported radiobiological assessment methods and radiation dose measures, making comparisons of radiobiological studies challenging. Most radiological DMFR studies are focusing on genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, data for 2D dentomaxillofacial radiographs, albeit with some methodological weakness biasing the results. For CBCT, available evidence is limited and few studies include comparative data on both adults and children. CONCLUSIONS In the future, one will have to strive towards patient-specific measures by considering age, gender and other individual radiation sensitivity-related factors. Ultimately, future radioprotection strategies should build further on the concept of personalized medicine, with patient-specific optimization of the imaging protocol, based on radiobiological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Caroline Oenning
- Division of Oral Radiology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São, Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bjorn Baselet
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Radiobiology Unit, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Stéphane Lucas
- Laboratory of Analysis by Nuclear Reaction (LARN/PMR), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Radiobiology Unit, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium
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Lopes GDO, Aragão WAB, Nascimento PC, Bittencourt LO, Oliveira ACA, Leão LKR, Alves-Júnior SM, Pinheiro JDJV, Crespo-Lopez ME, Lima RR. Effects of lead exposure on salivary glands of rats: insights into the oxidative biochemistry and glandular morphology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10918-10930. [PMID: 33105010 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of lead (Pb) exposure on parotid and submandibular glands through morphological aspects as well as the systemic and salivary gland redox state. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 50 mg/kg/day of Pb-acetate or distilled water by intragastric gavage for 55 days (n = 40). Blood samples were used for lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Samples of salivary glands were analyzed by LPO, nitrites (NO), and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) levels. Morphometric analyses (total stromal area [TSA], total parenchyma area [TPA], total ductal area [TDA], and total acinar area [TAA]) and immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), metallothionein I/II (MT I/II), and anti-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were performed. The results revealed that exposure to Pb triggered systemic oxidative stress represented by lower GSH levels and increased TBARS/TEAC ratio in blood plasma. ACAP was reduced, while NO and LPO were increased in both parotid and submandibular. The morphological analyses showed increase on MT I/II expression, reduced CK-19 expression in both glands, and α-SMA reduced the immunostaining only in the parotid glands. The morphometric analyses revealed an increase in TPA in both glands, while TAA was reduced only in submandibular glands and TDA was increased only in parotid glands. Our findings are pioneer in showing that long-term exposure to Pb is able to promote blood and glandular oxidative stress associated with cellular, morphological, and biochemical damage in both parotid and submandibular glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géssica de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Priscila Cunha Nascimento
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves Oliveira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Luana Ketlen Reis Leão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
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Belmans N, Gilles L, Vermeesen R, Virag P, Hedesiu M, Salmon B, Baatout S, Lucas S, Lambrichts I, Jacobs R, Moreels M. Quantification of DNA Double Strand Breaks and Oxidation Response in Children and Adults Undergoing Dental CBCT Scan. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2113. [PMID: 32034200 PMCID: PMC7005754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the possible biological effects of exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) is one of the prime challenges in radiation protection, especially in medical imaging. Today, radiobiological data on cone beam CT (CBCT) related biological effects are scarce. In children and adults, the induction of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in buccal mucosa cells and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and antioxidant capacity in saliva samples after CBCT examination were examined. No DNA DSBs induction was observed in children nor adults. In children only, an increase in 8-oxo-dG levels was observed 30 minutes after CBCT. At the same time an increase in antioxidant capacity was observed in children, whereas a decrease was observed in adults. Our data indicate that children and adults react differently to IR doses associated with CBCT. Fully understanding these differences could lead to an optimal use of CBCT in different age categories as well as improved radiation protection guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Belmans
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Radiobiology Unit, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Liese Gilles
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Randy Vermeesen
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Radiobiology Unit, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Piroska Virag
- Institute of Oncology "Prof. dr. Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Hedesiu
- 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 2496 - Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Lab and Dental Medicine Department, Bretonneau Hospital, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Radiobiology Unit, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH Research group, and University Hospitals, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentomaxillofacial Imaging Center, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Leuven, Belgium
- Karolinska Institutet, Department Dental Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Radiobiology Unit, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium.
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Pathomburi J, Nalampang S, Makeudom A, Klangjorhor J, Supanchart C, Krisanaprakornkit S. Effects of low-dose irradiation on human osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104557. [PMID: 31557575 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of dental x-ray on proliferation and mineralization in human primary osteoblasts as well as on proliferation and apoptotic potential in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. DESIGN Primary osteoblasts and PDL cells were irradiated with various doses of periapical radiography by repeated exposures and further incubated for 1, 3 or 7 days. Cell proliferation was assayed by BrdU incorporation. The effect of dental x-ray on mineralization in osteoblasts either before or after x-ray exposures was determined by Alizarin red staining. Both mRNA and protein expressions of BCL-2, an anti-apoptotic gene, and BAX, a pro-apoptotic gene, in PDL cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting analysis, respectively. RESULTS Neither the proliferative nor the mineralization ability of irradiated osteoblasts was different from that of non-irradiated osteoblasts at any doses or time points. By contrast, there was a significant decrease in the proliferation of PDL cells on day 3 after repeated exposures to dental x-ray for 20 times (P < 0.05), whereas the ratio of BCL-2 to BAX mRNA and protein expressions in these irradiated PDL cells was significantly increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Upon multiple exposures to dental x-ray used in intraoral radiography up to 20 times, there is no effect on the proliferation or the mineralization of osteoblasts, whereas the proliferative and apoptotic potentials of PDL cells are transiently decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarinya Pathomburi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sakarat Nalampang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anupong Makeudom
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jeerawan Klangjorhor
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayarop Supanchart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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15
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Chauhan V, Wilkins RC. A comprehensive review of the literature on the biological effects from dental X-ray exposures. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:107-119. [PMID: 30496029 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1547436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Routine dental X-rays are among the most common sources of ionizing radiation exposure for healthy individuals globally, with 300 examinations/1000 individuals/year as documented by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) global survey of medical radiation usage and exposure. Furthermore, in the United States of America, an increased use of dental radiography is evident. However, with the shift from using film to digital image receptors, the dose of radiation per routine examination has decreased. Despite this, there remains public concern of dental X-rays. This continuing concern highlights the need to review the literature on biological and health effects related to exposure, from dental X-rays. MATERIAL AND METHODS This report presents studies investigating biological and health effects related to exposures using dental X-rays in patients and provides a critical evaluation. Relevant studies specific to dental X-rays are reviewed from 1970 and onward with the bulk data in this field resulting from epidemiological and biomonitoring studies. RESULTS While, most epidemiological studies suggest a possible correlation between head/neck related tumors and exposure to dental X-rays, evidence for causation is lacking. Biomonitoring studies suggest that exposure to low-level radiation such as that of dental radiography may not be a factor in inducing long-term chromosomal damage, but may result in localized cytotoxicity in the irradiated region of the mouth, with no long-term harm. CONCLUSIONS In general, the total number of studies is low and the majority of the data has been generated from poorly designed experiments. This review will highlight shortcomings that could influence outcomes and provide a more balanced interpretation that could impact the public perception and the level of public concern on the health effects resulting from dental X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Chauhan
- a Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Health Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- a Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Health Canada , Ottawa , Canada
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16
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Shetty A, Almeida FT, Ganatra S, Senior A, Pacheco-Pereira C. Evidence on radiation dose reduction using rectangular collimation: a systematic review. Int Dent J 2018; 69:84-97. [PMID: 29959778 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of an intraoral radiograph is to be a valuable diagnostic tool while keeping the radiation exposure dose as low as reasonably achievable. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has strong recommendations for patient dose-reduction strategies. OBJECTIVE To answer the following research question: 'In either patient or in phantoms, does rectangular collimation compared with other forms of collimation reduce the radiation absorbed dose during intraoral imaging?' METHODS The search strategy was developed specifically for each electronic database. Information was collected from MEDLINE, all EBM Reviews including the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed and Web of Science, and from a search of the grey literature via Google Scholar. Studies were included if they reported the radiation dose in intraoral imaging using rectangular collimation compared with any other type of collimation or the absence of it. Studies that did not involve comparison/control groups were excluded. A qualitative appraisal of the included studies was performed. The Methodological Index for NOn-Randomised Studies (MINORS) tool assessed the potential risk of bias among the studies, while the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach determined the level of available evidence. RESULTS Thirteen studies using different types of receptors, including D-speed film, E-speed film, phosphor storage plates (PSP) and direct digital sensors, were included. Different methods to access absorbed and effective dose by exploring distinct technical parameters, such as distance object-receptor, long- and short-cone, kVp and mA, exposure time and beam filtering, were used. High heterogeneity between the studies was found. The level of evidence was classified as moderate. The radiation dose reduction ranged from 40% to 92% compared with circular collimation. The limitations of the cross-sectional design and in vivo studies were discussed. As this systematic review applied validated tools and guidelines designed for population-based studies, the application for studies based on computer simulations and dosimetry measurements was challenging. CONCLUSION There is moderate evidence suggesting that rectangular collimation significantly reduces radiation dose when compared with round collimation, justifying its implementation in clinical settings/private practices while taking intraoral radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avdeesh Shetty
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonoton, AB, Canada
| | - Fabiana T Almeida
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonoton, AB, Canada
| | - Seema Ganatra
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonoton, AB, Canada
| | - Anthea Senior
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonoton, AB, Canada
| | - Camila Pacheco-Pereira
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonoton, AB, Canada
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17
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Aragão WAB, da Costa NMM, Fagundes NCF, Silva MCF, Alves-Junior SM, Pinheiro JJV, Amado LL, Crespo-López ME, Maia CSF, Lima RR. Chronic exposure to inorganic mercury induces biochemical and morphological changes in the salivary glands of rats. Metallomics 2018; 9:1271-1278. [PMID: 28795724 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mercury exposure is considered to be a public health problem due to the generation of toxic effects on human health as a result of environmental and occupational conditions. The inorganic form of mercury (HgCl2) can cause several biological changes in cells and tissues through its cumulative toxic potential, but little has been experimentally proven about the effects of inorganic mercury on salivary glands, an important modulator organ of oral health. This study analyzes the effects of prolonged low dose exposure to HgCl2 on the salivary glands of rats. Adult animals received a dose of 0.375 mg kg-1 day-1 over a period of 45 days. The parotid and submandibular glands were collected for analysis of the mercury levels and evaluation of oxidative stress, histological parameters and immunomodulation for metallothionein I and II (MT-I/II). In this investigation, biochemical and tissue changes in the salivary glands were verified due to the mercury levels, causing reduction in antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, with consequent cellular lipid peroxidation and an increase in nitrite levels, volumetric changes and cytoskeletal damage in the submandibular glands, with less severe damage to the parotid glands. The results also have shown the occurrence of a cytoprotection mechanism due to increased MT-I/II expression, but not enough to avoid the morphology and oxidative damage. This evidence highlights, for the first time, that inorganic mercury is able to alter the morphology and oxidative biochemistry in salivary glands when exposed for a long time in low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A B Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa 1, Guamá, 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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18
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Alp G, Çakmak G, Sert M, Burgaz Y. Corrosion potential in artificial saliva and possible genotoxic and cytotoxic damage in buccal epithelial cells of patients who underwent Ni-Cr based porcelain-fused-to-metal fixed dental prostheses. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 827:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Peroxiredoxin I expression in epithelial cells of buccal mucosa from patients exposed to panoramic X-rays: influence of the age. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1587-1592. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Antonio EL, Nascimento AJD, Lima AASD, Leonart MSS, Fernandes Â. GENOTOXICIDADE E CITOTOXICIDADE DOS RAIOS X EM CRIANÇAS SUBMETIDAS À RADIOGRAFIA PANORÂMICA. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2017; 35:296-301. [PMID: 28977295 PMCID: PMC5606178 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2017;35;3;00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a genotoxicidade e a citotoxicidade produzidas por raios X no epitélio da mucosa oral de crianças durante a obtenção da radiografia panorâmica. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por 30 crianças saudáveis, sendo 19 do sexo feminino e 11 do masculino, com faixa etária de 4 a 10 anos (média de 7 anos de idade). As células epiteliais da mucosa oral foram coletadas por meio de citologia esfoliativa em base líquida imediatamente antes e após sete dias da obtenção da radiografia panorâmica. Os esfregaços foram processados e corados utilizando a técnica de Feulgen Rossenbeck modificada. Foram analisadas e quantificadas projeções nucleares dos tipos bud e broken egg, alterações genotóxicas na forma de micronúcleo e alterações citotóxicas dos tipos picnose, cariólise e cariorrexe. Resultados: A frequência de picnose, bud e broken egg foi significativamente maior após a exposição aos raios X (p<0,05), porém não houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação ao sexo, bem como nas demais alterações estudadas. Conclusões: A exposição aos raios X emitidos durante a obtenção da radiografia panorâmica pode induzir à morte celular no epitélio da mucosa oral de crianças. Não foi encontrado indício significativo de efeito genotóxico.
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Yang P, Hao S, Gong X, Li G. Cytogenetic biomonitoring in individuals exposed to cone beam CT: comparison among exfoliated buccal mucosa cells, cells of tongue and epithelial gingival cells. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2017; 46:20160413. [PMID: 28186847 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20160413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate chromosomal damage and cytotoxicity in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells, cells of the tongue and epithelial gingival cells from adults following CBCT scan and to compare the sensitivity of the different exfoliated cells to a same dosage of ionizing radiation. METHODS The study included 46 healthy participants (median age 27 years; age range 23-42 years) who had a CBCT scan. Exfoliated mucosa cells were collected immediately before the CBCT scan and 10 days after. Cells were centrifuged, fixed in the fluid of methanol : glacial acetic acid (3 : 1) and stained using the method of Schiff's reagent and fast green. One observer analyzed all the slides. For interobserver variances, a second observer scored 16 slides chosen from all the subjects. The same set of 16 slides were analyzed once again a month later for intraobserver variances. RESULTS There is no significant differences for micronucleated cells before and after a CBCT scan in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells (p = 0.476), cells of the tongue (p = 0.884) and epithelial gingival cells (p = 0.362). The frequencies of pyknosis cell and karyolysis cell had significantly increased after CBCT scan in the three groups. No significant difference was found among the three kinds of mucosa cells (p = 0.557). The interobserver (p = 0.624) and intraobserver (p = 0.193) variances were not significant. CONCLUSIONS A CBCT scan may induce cytotoxicity but not chromosomal damage in the oral mucosa cells, including buccal mucosa cells, cells of the tongue or epithelial gingival cells. The sensitivity of the different exfoliated cells to the same dosage of radiation had no statistically significant difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Hao
- 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Gong
- 2 Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Lorenzoni DC, Pinheiro LP, Nascimento HS, Menegardo CS, Silva RG, Bautz WG, Henriques JF, Almeida-Coburn KL, da Gama-de-Souza LN. Could formaldehyde induce mutagenic and cytotoxic effects in buccal epithelial cells during anatomy classes? Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017; 22:e58-e63. [PMID: 27918743 PMCID: PMC5217497 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to increased formaldehyde exposure, carcinogenic to humans, several researches have been studying the potential toxicity and the safe levels for human beings. The aim of this study was to investigate mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in buccal epithelial exfoliated cells (BEC) of students subjected to formaldehyde (FA) during anatomy classes. Material and Methods BEC were collected periodically from 17 volunteers of undergraduate programs, who had participated in practical anatomy classes, before and after FA exposure. Cells were stained according to Feulgen method and then micronucleus test was applied. A total of 1,500 cells were assessed per individual in this study for the micronucleus frequency and other parameters of cytotoxicity. Results There was statistically significant increase in number of micronucleated BEC after FA exposure (after 1 month p=.034 and after 3.5 months p=.017). However, FA exposure caused no significant increase in other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity (p≥.05). Conclusions FA induced mutagenicity during anatomy classes. Cell death increased, but it was not statistically significant. Efforts have to be made to improve air quality and reduce exposures during anatomy classes. Key words:Carcinogens, formaldehyde, micronucleus tests, mutagenicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-C Lorenzoni
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil.
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23
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Aykanat B, Demircigil GC, Buyan N, Baskin E, Gulleroglu K, Fidan K, Bayrakci US, Dalgic A, Karakayali H, Haberal M, Burgaz S. Micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in buccal epithelial cells of children with chronic kidney disease. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2016; 67:317-325. [DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this study was to reveal the likely genomic instability in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) using micronucleus (MN) assay on buccal epithelial cells (BEC). We investigated the frequencies of micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies, such as nuclear buds, binucleated cells, condensed chromatin, and karyorrhectic and pyknotic cells in BEC. Children with CKD were grouped as follows: children in the pre-dialysis (PreD) stage (N=17), children on regular haemodialysis (HD) (N=14), and children who have undergone transplantation (Tx) (N=17). As a control group, twenty age- and gender-matched healthy children were selected. The MN frequency in BEC of all groups of children with CKD was significantly elevated (5- to 7-fold) as compared to the control group (p<0.001). In contrast, the frequencies of nuclear buds were not significantly higher in the study groups compared to the control group. The frequencies of binucleated cells and condensed chromatin cells were significantly higher in all subgroups of children with CKD relative to the control group (p<0.001). Our results show that the BEC of pediatric PreD, HD, and Tx patients with CKD display increased cytogenetic, cytokinetic, and cytotoxic effects. They also point to the sensitivity and usefulness of the BEC MN assay in the assessment of genetic susceptibility of patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Aykanat
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Necla Buyan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Baskin
- Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Gulleroglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kibriya Fidan
- Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Selda Bayrakci
- Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aydin Dalgic
- Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamdi Karakayali
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Haberal
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Burgaz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Genotoxic effects of X-rays in buccal mucosal cells in children subjected to dental radiographs. BDJ Open 2016; 2:16001. [PMID: 29607062 PMCID: PMC5842858 DOI: 10.1038/bdjopen.2016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives/Aims Bitewing and digital dental panoramic radiographs have become important adjuvants for successful dental practice in pediatric dentistry. Both methods lead to genetic changes in the oral buccal epithelium that have not yet been satisfactorily explored. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects induced by X-ray radiation from bitewing and panoramic dental radiography in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells of children, using the Buccal Micronucleus Cytome assay. Materials and Methods Children (n=40) who met the inclusion criteria and provided signed informed consent were included in the study. Children were selected for undergoing bitewing radiographs (group 1; n=20) or digital dental panoramic radiographs (group 2; n=20). Exfoliated buccal mucosal cells were obtained by scraping the right/left buccal mucosa with a wooden spatula immediately before the X-ray exposure and 10±2 days after exposure. Results The frequency of micronuclei increases significantly post exposure to both bitewing and digital dental panoramic radiography in children, but the frequency was higher in bitewing radiographs. Conclusion It was concluded that the frequency of micronuclei increases post exposure to both bitewing and digital panoramic radiographs. Increased radiation exposure results in an increase in micronuclei frequency.
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Svenson B, Larsson L, Båth M. Optimization of exposure in panoramic radiography while maintaining image quality using adaptive filtering. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 74:229-35. [PMID: 26478956 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of using advanced external adaptive image processing for maintaining image quality while reducing exposure in dental panoramic storage phosphor plate (SPP) radiography. Materials and methods Thirty-seven SPP radiographs of a skull phantom were acquired using a Scanora panoramic X-ray machine with various tube load, tube voltage, SPP sensitivity and filtration settings. The radiographs were processed using General Operator Processor (GOP) technology. Fifteen dentists, all within the dental radiology field, compared the structural image quality of each radiograph with a reference image on a 5-point rating scale in a visual grading characteristics (VGC) study. The reference image was acquired with the acquisition parameters commonly used in daily operation (70 kVp, 150 mAs and sensitivity class 200) and processed using the standard process parameters supplied by the modality vendor. Results All GOP-processed images with similar (or higher) dose as the reference image resulted in higher image quality than the reference. All GOP-processed images with similar image quality as the reference image were acquired at a lower dose than the reference. This indicates that the external image processing improved the image quality compared with the standard processing. Regarding acquisition parameters, no strong dependency of the image quality on the radiation quality was seen and the image quality was mainly affected by the dose. Conclusions The present study indicates that advanced external adaptive image processing may be beneficial in panoramic radiography for increasing the image quality of SPP radiographs or for reducing the exposure while maintaining image quality.
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MESH Headings
- Filtration/instrumentation
- Humans
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/standards
- Phantoms, Imaging
- Radiation Dosage
- Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods
- Radiography, Dental, Digital/methods
- Radiography, Dental, Digital/standards
- Radiography, Panoramic/methods
- Radiography, Panoramic/standards
- Skull/diagnostic imaging
- Technology, Radiologic/methods
- X-Ray Intensifying Screens
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Svenson
- a Department of Oral Radiology , Postgraduate Dental Education Center , Örebro , Sweden
- b Faculty of Medicine and Health , School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden
- c Department of Radiology , Skaraborg Hospital Skövde , Skövde , Sweden
| | - Lars Larsson
- c Department of Radiology , Skaraborg Hospital Skövde , Skövde , Sweden
| | - Magnus Båth
- d Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden
- e Department of Radiation Physics , Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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Agarwal P, Vinuth DP, Haranal S, Thippanna CK, Naresh N, Moger G. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of X-ray on buccal epithelial cells following panoramic radiography: A pediatric study. J Cytol 2015; 32:102-6. [PMID: 26229246 PMCID: PMC4520040 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.160559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ionizing radiation is a potent mutagenic agent capable of inducing both mutation and chromosomal aberrations. Non-lethal doses of ionizing radiation may induce genomic instability favoring carcinogenesis. In spite of their mutagenic potential, this kind of radiation is an important tool for diagnosis of the disease and is used in medical and dental practice. It has been believed that the number of micronucleus and increased frequency of other nuclear alterations, including karyorrhexis, condensed chromatin and pyknosis, are related to the increasing effects of carcinogens. Many approaches and techniques have been developed for the monitoring of human populations exposed to various mutagens, but the analysis of micronuclei (MN) has become a standard approach for the assessment of chromosomal damage in human populations. Aim: To assess the effects of radiation exposure from panoramic radiography on the buccal epithelial cells (BECs) of pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: The study included 20 pediatric patients who had to undergo panoramic radiography for further dental treatment. Exfoliated BECs were obtained and examined immediately before and 10 days after radiation exposure. The cells were stained using rapid Papanicolaou (PAP) kit. Evaluation for MN and nuclear alterations was carried out by an oral pathologist and data were statistically analyzed using the “t” test. Results: The mean number of MN in the BECs before exposure of pediatric patients to panoramic radiography was 4.25 and after exposure was 4.40. This difference was not found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). However, the mean nuclear alterations of 8.70 and 15.75 before and after exposure were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs can induce cytotoxicity but not genotoxic effects in buccal mucosal cells. Hence, dental radiographs should be prescribed only when deemed indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Agarwal
- Department of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Radiology, Buraydah Private Dental College, Qassim, India
| | | | - Shashidevi Haranal
- Department of Oral Surgery, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences Research, Latur, India
| | | | - Nitesh Naresh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganapathi Moger
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hitkarini Dental College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Guilheiro JM, Chaves MD, Martins AM, Ribeiro DA, D'Almeida V. Cytogenetic biomonitoring in mucopolyssacharosis I, II and IV patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:603-7. [PMID: 25141890 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.956913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity and mutagenicity in peripheral blood and buccal mucosal cells in mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I, II or VI patients. METHODS A total of 12 patients with MPS type I, II and VI attended at the Institute of Genetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and 10 healthy control volunteers were included in this study. Mechanically exfoliated cells from cheek mucosa (left and right side) were used to micronucleus test and single cell gel (comet) assay in peripheral blood cells. RESULTS The results of this study detected the presence of genetic damage in peripheral blood for all individuals with MPS treated with ERT, regardless of type of MPS as depicted by tail moment results. In addition, an increased number of micronucleated cells were found in buccal cells of MPS type II patients. It was also observed an increase of other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity as depicted by the frequency of pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis in buccal mucosa cells of MPS VI patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Taken together, such results demonstrate that metabolic alterations induced by the enzymatic deficiency characteristic of MPS associated with ERT therapy can induce genotoxicity and mutagenicity in peripheral blood and buccal mucosa cells, respectively. This effect appears to be more pronounced to MPS II.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the development of CT have represented a landmark in diagnostic imaging, its use in Dentistry turned out very discretely over the years. With the appearance of programs for analysis of three-dimensional images, specific for Orthodontics and Orthognathic surgery, a new reality is being built. OBJECTIVE The authors of this study aim to inform the orthodontic society of fundamentals about digital cephalometric radiographic image and computed tomography, discussing about: Field of view (FOV), radiation doses, demands for the use in Orthodontics and radiographic simulations.
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Carlin V, Fracalossi ACC, Miranda SR, Noguti J, Pereira da Silva VH, Oshima CTF, Ribeiro DA. Chromosome breakage and cellular death are induced in oral epithelial cells of hairdressers: a preliminary study. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 23:108-12. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.721810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lorenzoni DC, Fracalossi ACC, Carlin V, Ribeiro DA, Sant'anna EF. Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in patients submitted to ionizing radiation. Angle Orthod 2012; 83:104-9. [PMID: 22656641 DOI: 10.2319/013112-88.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare mutagenicity (micronucleus) and cytotoxicity (karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells of children following cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) or conventional radiograph exposure necessary for orthodontic planning. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 49 healthy children were submitted to CBCT or a conventional orthodontic radiographic protocol; they were divided into two groups based on exam: CBCT (n = 24) and Radiographic Set (n = 25) groups. The micronucleus test in the exfoliated buccal mucosa cells was applied. RESULTS There was not a statistically significant difference (P > .05) found between the number of micronucleated buccal mucosa cells (MNC) before and after exposure to radiation in either group, showing that neither group experienced a mutagenic effect. However, radiation did cause other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity, including karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis, in both groups (P < .05). The CBCT group presented a greater increase in cell death than was noted in the Radiographic Set group (P < .044). CONCLUSION According to the micronucleus test, mutagenicity was not induced by the CBCT or the conventional radiographs, but cytotoxicity was verified after these exams, especially after CBCT. That might have happened once the CBCT group received a greater radiation dose than the Radiographic Set group as a result of the protocols used in orthodontic planning for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Coelho Lorenzoni
- Department of Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ribeiro DA. Cytogenetic biomonitoring in oral mucosa cells following dental X-ray. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2012; 41:181-4. [PMID: 22378751 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/14555883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the past decades, X-rays have been used widely for diagnosis in dentistry. However, it is well known that ionizing radiation causes damage (including single- and double-strand breaks) to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and DNA-protein crosslinks, and induces cellular death. Therefore, outlining the cytogenetic effects induced by X-ray is necessary to identify the degree of cancer risk and minimize potential risks to patients and clinicians. To date, a variety of assays have been proposed in cytogenetic biomonitoring studies, including those that assess metaphase chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges, and micronucleus and single-cell gel (comet) assay. METHODS Cytogenetic biomonitoring studies focusing on oral mucosa cells in individuals exposed to dental X-ray were reviewed. RESULTS Dental X-ray can induce DNA damage and cytotoxicity in oral mucosa cells. CONCLUSION These results will contribute to a better understanding of X-ray-induced effects upon the cellular system in individuals continually exposed to known genotoxic/cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Pereira da Silva VH, Gomes de Moura CF, Spadari-Bratfisch RC, Araki Ribeiro D. Cytogenetic biomonitoring of peripheral blood and oral mucosa cells from car painters. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:497-501. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.680621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Anthonappa RP, King NM, Rabie ABM, Mallineni SK. Reliability of panoramic radiographs for identifying supernumerary teeth in children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2012; 22:37-43. [PMID: 21740473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2011.01155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES. To evaluate the reliability of panoramic radiographs (PRs) for identifying supernumerary teeth (ST) and to determine whether the level of dental training of the observer influenced the identification of ST. METHODS. Seventy-five PRs were randomly selected from the patient records and 18 examiners independently rated 25 radiographs each, for specific risk factors as well as for a measure of adequacy. Subsequently, the results were paired with those of the other examiners who assessed the same set of PRs. Descriptive statistics were computed using Fisher's exact test, and kappa statistics were used to assess the inter- and intra-observer reliability. RESULTS. Four hundred and fifty PRs were available for analysis. The overall sensitivity and specificity figures were 50% and 98.3%, whereas the positive and negative predictive values were 90.6% and 83.6%, respectively. The sensitivity figures for Junior House Dental Officers and Postgraduate Paediatric Dental Trainees were 39.2% and 60.8%, whereas the specificity figures were 99.4% and 95% with slight inter-examiner and moderate intra-examiner reliability. CONCLUSIONS. Panoramic radiographs are unreliable for identifying ST, and higher level of dental training is essential for identifying ST.
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Lorenzoni DC, Cuzzuol Fracalossi AC, Carlin V, Araki Ribeiro D, Sant' Anna EF. Cytogenetic biomonitoring in children submitting to a complete set of radiographs for orthodontic planning. Angle Orthod 2011; 82:585-90. [PMID: 22149661 DOI: 10.2319/072311-468.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from children undergoing orthodontic radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 25 healthy children undergoing orthodontic therapy partook in a complete set of orthodontic radiographs (lateral cephalographic, posteroanterior cephalographic, panoramic, full periapical exam, and bitewing). The micronucleus test in the buccal exfoliated cells was applied. The paired-samples t-test and the Wilcoxon test were used to compare the frequencies of alterations before and after X-ray exposure. RESULTS We found no statistically significant differences (P > .05) between micronucleated buccal mucosa cells before and after exposure to radiation. However, radiation did cause other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity (P = .007). CONCLUSION According to the micronucleus test, the complete set of radiographs requested in the orthodontic planning may not be a factor that induces chromosomal damage, but it is able to promote cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Coelho Lorenzoni
- Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Carlin V, Matsumoto MA, Saraiva PP, Artioli A, Oshima CTF, Ribeiro DA. Cytogenetic damage induced by mouthrinses formulations in vivo and in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:813-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Biomonitoring of mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 139:e399-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Martins RA, Gomes GAS, Aguiar O, Medalha CC, Ribeiro DA. Chromosome damage and cytotoxicity in oral mucosa cells after 2 months of exposure to anabolic steroids (decadurabolin and winstrol) in weight lifting. Steroids 2010; 75:952-5. [PMID: 20566358 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from anabolic steroid users after 2 months of exposure. Two experimental groups consisting of 15 adult males who practise weight lifting and are anabolic steroid users or 15 adult males who practise weight lifting, but are non-anabolic steroid users, were recruited. In addition, 20 sedentary males, who do not practise any physical activity regularly, were matched by age with experimental groups. No significant statistical differences (p>0.05) were noticed in individuals who practise physical activity only. On the other hand, an increase of micronucleated cells (MNCs) in anabolic steroid (decadurabulin and Winstrol) users was observed. Regarding cytotoxic parameters, the same observation has occurred, that is, significant statistical differences (p<0.05) were noticed in the group exposed to anabolic steroids when compared with other controls, as depicted by high frequencies of pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis. Taken together, our results suggest that genomic instability and cytotoxicity are induced by anabolic steroid administration in oral mucosa cells as assessed by the micronucleus test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato A Martins
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Av. Ana Costa 95, 11060-001 Santos, SP, Brazil
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Angelieri F, Carlin V, Saez DM, Pozzi R, Ribeiro DA. Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity assessment in patients undergoing orthodontic radiographs. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2010; 39:437-40. [PMID: 20841462 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/24791952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from individuals following radiography. METHODS Lateral and frontal cephalometric X-ray and panoramic dental X-rays were taken of a total of 18 healthy patients (6 male and 12 female) referred for orthodontic therapy. Exfoliated oral mucosa cells were collected immediately before X-ray exposure and after 10 days. RESULTS The results revealed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in the frequency micronucleated oral mucosa cells after X-ray exposure. However, X-ray was able to increase other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity, such as karyorrhexis, pyknosis and karyolysis. CONCLUSIONS Data indicated that exposure to certain radiography may not be a factor in inducing chromosomal damage, but it does promote cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Angelieri
- Department of Orthodontics, São Paulo Methodist University UMESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Carlin V, Artioli AJ, Matsumoto MA, Filho HN, Borgo E, Oshima CTF, Ribeiro DA. Biomonitoring of DNA damage and cytotoxicity in individuals exposed to cone beam computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2010; 39:295-9. [PMID: 20587654 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/17573156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from adults following cone beam CT exposure. METHODS A total of 19 healthy adults (10 men and 9 women) submitted to cone beam CT were included. RESULTS No significant statistically differences (P > 0.05) in micronucleus frequency were seen before and after cone beam CT exposure. In contrast, the tomography was able to increase other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity such as karyorrhexis, pyknosis and karyolysis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In summary, these data indicate that cone beam CT may not be a factor that induces chromosomal damage, but it is able to promote cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Carlin
- Departament of Pathology, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil
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Cellular death but not genetic damage in oral mucosa cells after exposure to digital lateral radiography. Clin Oral Investig 2010; 15:357-60. [PMID: 20336472 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-010-0402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from individuals following digital lateral radiography. A total of 30 healthy patients (15 men and 15 women) indicated to the orthodontic therapy were submitted to digital lateral X-ray. Exfoliated oral mucosa cells were collected immediately before the X-ray exposure and after 10 days. The results pointed out no significant statistically differences (p > 0.05) of micronucleated oral mucosa cells. On the other hand, X-ray was able to increase other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity such as karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis. In summary, these data indicate that exposure to digital lateral radiography may not be a factor that induced chromosomal damage, but it is able to promote cytotoxicity.
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Fenech M. The lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay and its application in radiation biodosimetry. HEALTH PHYSICS 2010; 98:234-243. [PMID: 20065688 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e3181b85044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN Cyt) assay is one of the best-validated methods for measuring chromosome damage in human lymphocytes. This paper describes the methodology, biology, and mechanisms underlying the application of this technique for biodosimetry following exposure to ionizing radiation. Apart from the measurement of micronuclei, it is also possible to measure other important biomarkers within the CBMN Cyt assay that are relevant to radiation biodosimetry. These include nucleoplasmic bridges, which are an important additional measure of radiation-induced damage that originate from dicentric chromosomes as well as the proportion of dividing cells and cells undergoing cell death. A brief account is also given of current developments in the automation of this technique and important knowledge gaps that need attention to further enhance the applicability of this important method for radiation biodosimetry.
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Biomonitoring of oral epithelial cells in smokers and non-smokers submitted to panoramic X-ray: comparison between buccal mucosa and lateral border of the tongue. Clin Oral Investig 2009; 14:669-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-009-0345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Martins RA, Gomes GADS, Aguiar O, Ribeiro DA. Biomonitoring of oral epithelial cells in petrol station attendants: comparison between buccal mucosa and lateral border of the tongue. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2009; 35:1062-1065. [PMID: 19559482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the influence of geno- and cytotoxicity on chemical carcinogenesis, studies have demonstrated that petroleum derivatives are able to induce genetic damage and cellular death with conflicting results so far. The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated oral mucosa cells from gas petrol attendants using two different anatomic buccal sites: cheek mucosa and lateral border of the tongue. A total of 23 gas petrol attendants and 23 health controls (non-exposed individuals) were included in this setting. Individuals had epithelial cells from cheek and lateral border of the tongue mechanically exfoliated, placed in fixative and dropped in clean slides which were checked for the above nuclear phenotypes. The results pointed out significant statistical differences (p<0.05) of micronucleated oral mucosa cells from gas petrol attendants for both oral sites evaluated. In the same way, petroleum derivate exposure was able to increase other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity such as karyorrhexis, pyknosis and karyolysis, being the most pronunciated effects as those found in the lateral border of the tongue. No interaction was observed between smoking and petroleum exposure. In summary, these data indicate that gas petrol attendants comprise a high risk group for DNA damage and cellular death. It seems that the lateral border of the tongue is a more sensitive site to geno- and cytotoxic insult induced by petroleum derivates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato A Martins
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, 11060-001, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Matsumoto MA, Castanho J, Kawakami RY, Ribeiro DA. Cytogenetical damage in exfoliated oral mucosa cells in elderly people suffering denture stomatitis. Gerodontology 2009; 27:183-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2009.00315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bonassi S, Biasotti B, Kirsch-Volders M, Knasmueller S, Zeiger E, Burgaz S, Bolognesi C, Holland N, Thomas P, Fenech M. State of the art survey of the buccal micronucleus assay--a first stage in the HUMNXL project initiative. Mutagenesis 2009; 24:295-302. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gep019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Ribeiro DA, de Oliveira G, de Castro G, Angelieri F. Cytogenetic biomonitoring in patients exposed to dental X-rays: comparison between adults and children. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008; 37:404-7. [PMID: 18812603 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/58548698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis) of exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from children and adults following dental X-ray exposure. METHODS A total of 17 adults and 17 children submitted to panoramic dental radiography were included in this study. RESULTS The results indicated no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in children's micronucleated oral mucosa cells before and after dental X-ray exposure. In the same way, no mutagenic effects were observed in adults following X-ray exposure. On the other hand, X-rays increased other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity such as karyorrhexis, pyknosis and karyolysis in both groups. The comparative analysis between children and adults demonstrated no statistically significant differences in micronucleus frequency or cytotoxicity (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, these data indicate that dental paroramic radiography may not be a factor that induces chromosomal damage, but it is able to promote cytotoxicity. It seems that children are not more susceptible to the noxious activities induced by X-rays when compared with adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biosiências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Av. Ana Costa 95, 11060-001, Santos - SP, Brazil.
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Cerqueira EMM, Meireles JRC, Lopes MA, Junqueira VC, Gomes-Filho IS, Trindade S, Machado-Santelli GM. Genotoxic effects of X-rays on keratinized mucosa cells during panoramic dental radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008; 37:398-403. [PMID: 18812602 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/56848097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of X-rays on epithelial gingival cells during panoramic dental radiography using a differentiated protocol for the micronucleus test. METHODS 40 healthy individuals who underwent this procedure for diagnostic purposes on request from their dentists agreed to participate in this study. All of them answered a questionnaire before the examination. Epithelial gingival cells were obtained from the keratinized mucosa of the upper dental arcade by gentle scraping with a cervical brush immediately before exposure and 10 days later. Cytological preparations were stained according to the Feulgen-Rossenbeck reaction, counterstained with fast green 1% for 1 min and analysed under a light microscope. Micronuclei, nuclear projections (broken eggs) and degenerative nuclear alterations (pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis and condensed chromatin) were scored. RESULTS The frequency of micronuclei was significantly higher after exposure (P < 0.05), as were the frequencies of nuclear alterations indicative of apoptosis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that X-ray radiation emitted during panoramic dental radiography induces a genotoxic effect on epithelial gingival cells that increases the frequency of chromosomal damage and nuclear alterations indicative of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M M Cerqueira
- Av. Princesa Isabel 114, Apto 602, Porto da Barra, Salvador, Bahia, CEP 40140-000 Brazil.
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Ribeiro DA, Angelieri F. Cytogenetic biomonitoring of oral mucosa cells from adults exposed to dental X-rays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 26:325-30. [PMID: 18677605 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-008-0232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although it has been clearly demonstrated that X-rays play a key role in diagnosing medical and dental problems, this type of ionizing radiation is also able to induce noxious activities, such as genetic damage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from healthy individuals (smokers and nonsmokers) following dental X-ray exposure. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 39 healthy people who had submitted to panoramic dental radiography were included in the study: 9 smokers and 30 nonsmokers. RESULTS The results indicated no significant statistically differences (P>0.05) in micronucleated oral mucosa cells before and after dental X-ray exposure. On the other hand, X-ray exposure did increase other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity, such as karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis. It seems that cigarette smoke did not affect X-ray outcomes induced in buccal cells. CONCLUSION These data indicate that dental panoramic radiography may not induce chromosomal damage, but it is able to promote cytotoxicity. Because cellular death is considered a prime mechanism in nongenotoxic mechanisms of carcinogenesis, dental X-ray should be used only when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo-UNIFESP, Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos SP 11060-001, Brazil.
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