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Han X, Huang C, Qi H, Zhu Y, Hu X, Wen Y, Long Y, Xu L, Zhang F. The construction and evaluation of secretory expression engineering bacteria for the trans-Cry3Aa-T-HasA fusion protein against the Monochamus alternatus vector. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1362961. [PMID: 38465234 PMCID: PMC10921938 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1362961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pine wood nematode disease is currently the most deadly forest disease in China, and the Monochamus alternatus is its primary vector. Controlling the M. alternatus is crucial for managing pine wood nematode disease. This study, based on the selected HasA (pGHKW4) secretory expression vector, used electroporation to combine the genetically modified high-toxicity toxin Cry3Aa-T with the entomopathogenic bacterium Yersinia entomophaga isolated from the gut of the M. alternatus. The SDS-PAGE and Western blotting techniques were employed to confirm the toxin protein's secretion capability. The engineered bacteria's genetic stability and effectiveness in controlling M. alternatus were assessed for their insecticidal activity. The results of the SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analyses indicate that the HasA system effectively expresses toxin protein secretion, demonstrates certain genetic stability, and exhibits high insecticidal activity against M. alternatus. This study constructed a highly toxic entomopathogenic engineered bacterial strain against M. alternatus larvae, which holds significant implications for controlling M. alternatus, laying the foundation for subsequent research and application of this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Han
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Qi
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yukun Zhu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinran Hu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingxin Wen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yirong Long
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feiping Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Guo Y, Carballar-Lejarazú R, Sheng L, Fang Y, Wang S, Liang G, Hu X, Wang R, Zhang F, Wu S. Identification and Characterization of Aminopeptidase-N as a Binding Protein for Cry3Aa in the Midgut of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2259-2268. [PMID: 32623464 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins have been widely used over the past decades for many different insect pests, which are safe for users and the environment. The coleopteran-specific Cry3Aa toxin from B. thuringiensis exhibits toxicity to the larvae of Monochamus alternatus. Receptors play a key role in the mechanisms underlying the toxic action of Cry. However, the binding receptor for Cry3Aa has yet to be identified in the midgut of M. alternatus larvae. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the receptor for Cry3Aa toxin in the brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) of M. alternatus larvae. Our results indicate that the Cry3Aa toxin binds to the BBMVs (Kd = 247 nM) of M. alternatus via a 107 kDa aminopeptidase N (APN) (Kd = 57 nM). In silico analysis of the APN protein predicted that an 18 amino acid sequence in the N-terminal acted as a signal peptide, and that the Asn residue, located at position 918 in the C-terminus is an anchored site for glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol. Further analysis showed that M. alternatus APN exhibits 75% homology to the APN from Anoplophora glabripenis. Our work, therefore, confirmed that APN, which is localized in the BBMVs in the midgut of M. alternatus larvae, acts as a binding protein for Cry3Aa toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Guo
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Liangjing Sheng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
| | - Yan Fang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
| | - Shaozhen Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
| | - Guanghong Liang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
| | - Feiping Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
| | - Songqing Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Characterization of Two Novel Bacillus thuringiensis Cry8 Toxins Reveal Differential Specificity of Protoxins or Activated Toxins against Chrysomeloidea Coleopteran Superfamily. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100642. [PMID: 33027918 PMCID: PMC7599620 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Scarabaeoidea and Chrysomeloidea insects are agriculture-destructive coleopteran pests. Few effective Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins against these species have been described. Bt isolate BtSU4 was found to be active against coleopteran insects. Genome sequencing revealed two new cry8 genes in BtSU4, designated as cry8Ha1 and cry8Ia1. Both genes expressed a 135 kDa protoxin forming irregular shape crystals. Bioassays performed with Cry8Ha1 protoxin showed that it was toxic to both larvae and adult stages of Holotrichia parallela, also to Holotrichia oblita adults and to Anoplophora glabripennis larvae, but was not toxic to larval stages of H. oblita or Colaphellus bowringi. The Cry8Ia1 protoxin only showed toxicity against H. parallela larvae. After activation with chymotrypsin, the Cry8Ha1 activated toxin lost its insecticidal activity against H. oblita adults and reduced its activity on H. parallela adults, but gained toxicity against C. bowringi larvae, a Chrysomeloidea insect pest that feeds on crucifer crops. The chymotrypsin activated Cry8Ia1 toxin did not show toxicity to any one of these insects. These data show that Cry8Ha1 and Cry8Ia1 protoxin and activated toxin proteins have differential toxicity to diverse coleopteran species, and that protoxin is a more robust protein for the control of coleopteran insects.
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Guo Y, Wang Y, O'Donoghue AJ, Jiang Z, Carballar-Lejarazú R, Liang G, Hu X, Wang R, Xu L, Guan X, Zhang F, Wu S. Engineering of multiple trypsin/chymotrypsin sites in Cry3A to enhance its activity against Monochamus alternatus Hope larvae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3117-3126. [PMID: 32323409 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3 toxins exhibit specific toxicity against several coleopteran larvae. However, owing to its low toxicity to Monochamus alternatus, Cry3A toxin is not useful for managing M. alternatus larvae. Here we assessed the proteolytic activation of Cry3Aa toxin in M. alternatus larval midgut and increased its toxicity by molecular modification. RESULTS Our results indicated that insufficient processing of Cry3Aa protoxin and non-specific enzymatic digestion of Cry3Aa toxin in the midgut of M. alternatus larvae led to low toxicity. The results of transcriptome analysis, enzymatic assay with fluorogenic substrates, and multiplex substrate profiling by mass spectrometry showed that the main digestive enzymes in M. alternatus larval midgut were trypsin-like proteases that preferentially cleaved peptides with arginine and lysine residues. Consequently, trypsin recognition sites were introduced into the Domain I of Cry3Aa protoxin in the loop regions between α-helix 3 and α-helix 4 to facilitate proteolytic activation. Multiple potential trypsin cleavage sites away from the helix sheet and functional regions in Cry3Aa proteins were also mutated to alanine to prevent non-specific enzymatic digestion. Bioassays indicated that a modified Cry3Aa-T toxin (K65A, K70A, K231A, K468A, and K596A) showed a 9.5-fold (LC50 = 12.3 μg/mL) increase in toxicity to M. alternatus larvae when compared to native Cry3Aa toxin. CONCLUSION This study highlights an effective way to increase the toxicity of Cry3Aa toxin to M. alternatus, which may be suitable for managing the resistance of transgenic plants to other pests, including some of the most important pests in agriculture. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Guo
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yafang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhenze Jiang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Guanghong Liang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feiping Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songqing Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Insecticidal Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Proteins Against Coleopteran Pests. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12070430. [PMID: 32610662 PMCID: PMC7404982 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis is the most successful microbial insecticide agent and its proteins have been studied for many years due to its toxicity against insects mainly belonging to the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera, which are pests of agro-forestry and medical-veterinary interest. However, studies on the interactions between this bacterium and the insect species classified in the order Coleoptera are more limited when compared to other insect orders. To date, 45 Cry proteins, 2 Cyt proteins, 11 Vip proteins, and 2 Sip proteins have been reported with activity against coleopteran species. A number of these proteins have been successfully used in some insecticidal formulations and in the construction of transgenic crops to provide protection against main beetle pests. In this review, we provide an update on the activity of Bt toxins against coleopteran insects, as well as specific information about the structure and mode of action of coleopteran Bt proteins.
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Wang K, Shu C, Zhang J. Effective bacterial insecticidal proteins against coleopteran pests: A review. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21558. [PMID: 31094011 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coleoptera, the order of insects commonly referred to as beetles, are able to survive in various environments, and thus, comprise the largest order in the animal kingdom. Coleopterans mainly include coprophagous and phytophagous lineages, and many species of the latter lineage are serious pests. In addition to traditional chemical methods, biocontrol measures using various bacterial insecticidal proteins have also gradually been developed to control these insect pests. In this review, we summarized the possible coleopteran-pest-specific bacteria and insecticidal proteins that have been reported in the literature thus far and have provided a comprehensive overview and long-term guidance for the control of coleopteran pests in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lin T, Liu Q, Chen J. Identification of differentially expressed genes in Monochamus alternatus digested with azadirachtin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33484. [PMID: 27629396 PMCID: PMC5024161 DOI: 10.1038/srep33484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus Hope, a major forest insect pest, is the primary vector of the destructive forest pest pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Azadirachtin, an active compound of neem, is biologically interesting because it represents a group of important, successful botanical pesticides. We provide insight into the molecular effects of azadirachtin on M. alternatus at the transcriptional level to provide clues about possible molecular-level targets and to establish a link between azadirachtin and insect global responses. We found that 920 and 9894 unique genes were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively. We obtained expression patterns of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), identifying 4247, 3488 and 7613 sequences that involved cellular components, molecular functions and biological processes, respectively, and showed that the DEGs were distributed among 50 Gene Ontology categories. The Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were enriched in 50 pathways. Detailed gene profile knowledge of the interaction of azadirachtin with M. alternatus should facilitate the development of more effective azadirachtin-based products against M. alternatus and other target Coleoptera. These results further enhance the value of azadirachtin as a potential insecticide of biological origin, as well as for other biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lin
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qisi Liu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingxiang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Milutinović B, Höfling C, Futo M, Scharsack JP, Kurtz J. Infection of Tribolium castaneum with Bacillus thuringiensis: quantification of bacterial replication within cadavers, transmission via cannibalism, and inhibition of spore germination. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:8135-44. [PMID: 26386058 PMCID: PMC4651099 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02051-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction within a host and transmission to the next host are crucial for the virulence and fitness of pathogens. Nevertheless, basic knowledge about such parameters is often missing from the literature, even for well-studied bacteria, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, an endospore-forming insect pathogen, which infects its hosts via the oral route. To characterize bacterial replication success, we made use of an experimental oral infection system for the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and developed a flow cytometric assay for the quantification of both spore ingestion by the individual beetle larvae and the resulting spore load after bacterial replication and resporulation within cadavers. On average, spore numbers increased 460-fold, showing that Bacillus thuringiensis grows and replicates successfully in insect cadavers. By inoculating cadaver-derived spores and spores from bacterial stock cultures into nutrient medium, we next investigated outgrowth characteristics of vegetative cells and found that cadaver-derived bacteria showed reduced growth compared to bacteria from the stock cultures. Interestingly, this reduced growth was a consequence of inhibited spore germination, probably originating from the host and resulting in reduced host mortality in subsequent infections by cadaver-derived spores. Nevertheless, we further showed that Bacillus thuringiensis transmission was possible via larval cannibalism when no other food was offered. These results contribute to our understanding of the ecology of Bacillus thuringiensis as an insect pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Milutinović
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christina Höfling
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Momir Futo
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörn P Scharsack
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Hu J, Wang L, Yan D, Lu MZ. Research and Application of Transgenic Poplar in China. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WORLD'S FORESTS IN THE 21ST CENTURY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7076-8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Milutinović B, Stolpe C, Peuβ R, Armitage SAO, Kurtz J. The red flour beetle as a model for bacterial oral infections. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64638. [PMID: 23737991 PMCID: PMC3667772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental infection systems are important for studying antagonistic interactions and coevolution between hosts and their pathogens. The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and the spore-forming bacterial insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely used and tractable model organisms. However, they have not been employed yet as an efficient experimental system to study host-pathogen interactions. We used a high throughput oral infection protocol to infect T. castaneum insects with coleopteran specific B. thuringiensis bv. tenebrionis (Btt) bacteria. We found that larval mortality depends on the dietary spore concentration and on the duration of exposure to the spores. Furthermore, differential susceptibility of larvae from different T. castaneum populations indicates that the host genetic background influences infection success. The recovery of high numbers of infectious spores from the cadavers indicates successful replication of bacteria in the host and suggests that Btt could establish infectious cycles in T. castaneum in nature. We were able to transfer plasmids from Btt to a non-pathogenic but genetically well-characterised Bt strain, which was thereafter able to successfully infect T. castaneum, suggesting that factors residing on the plasmids are important for the virulence of Btt. The availability of a genetically accessible strain will provide an ideal model for more in-depth analyses of pathogenicity factors during oral infections. Combined with the availability of the full genome sequence of T. castaneum, this system will enable analyses of host responses during infection, as well as addressing basic questions concerning host-parasite coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Milutinović
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Clemens Stolpe
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Peuβ
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa fused to a cellulase-binding peptide shows increased toxicity against the longhorned beetle. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1249-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Qi G, Lu J, Zhang P, Li J, Zhu F, Chen J, Liu Y, Yu Z, Zhao X. The cry1Ac gene of Bacillus thuringiensis ZQ-89 encodes a toxin against long-horned beetle adult. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:1224-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hajek AE, Tobin PC. Micro-managing arthropod invasions: eradication and control of invasive arthropods with microbes. Biol Invasions 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-010-9735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Identification of thecrygene inBacillus thuringiensisstrain WZ-9 and its toxicity againstHenosepilachna vigintioctomaculata. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s1479236208002453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBacillus thuringiensisstrain WZ-9, isolated from soil in Hebei province, China, was effective againstHenosepilachna vigintioctomaculatalarvae. The strain presented bipyramidal crystals with a protein band of 130 kDa in SDS–PAGE. The pH changes of the culture media showed important fluctuations during the 24 h growth cycle. The pH varied less in log and stationary phases than it did in the exponential phase. Bioassay results showed that the WZ-9 strain was only harmful to larvae ofH. vigintioctomaculataand not to either adults ofH. vigintioctomaculataor other several lepidopteran and coleopteran insects. LC50to second-instar larvae ofH. vigintioctomaculatawas 2.95×107cells/ml after 72 h. Genotypic investigations showed that this strain possessed thecry7gene. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the encoding gene contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 3414 bp and encoded 1138 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence was 99.65% identical to that of the reported Cry7Ab2 sequences. This gene was designated by the Bt δ-endotoxin nomenclature committee as Cry7Ab3 with accession number BI 1015188 in the GenBank database.
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