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Carvalho FM, Azevedo A, Ferreira MM, Mergulhão FJM, Gomes LC. Advances on Bacterial and Fungal Biofilms for the Production of Added-Value Compounds. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081126. [PMID: 36009752 PMCID: PMC9405441 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The production of bio-based materials, including organic acids, antibiotics, enzymes, ethanol, and hydrogen, is generally done by the cultivation of suspended cells rather than using immobilized cells. However, several studies suggest the application of productive biofilms as a reliable alternative for biocatalysis, with many advantages over suspended-growth systems. This review gives an overview of the breakthrough in the application of biofilm platforms for the sustainable production of valuable compounds, with particular insight into the latest advances in the production of recombinant proteins. Productive biofilms are shown to improve production rates and product yields, demonstrating great potential for industrial applications. Abstract In recent years, abundant research has been performed on biofilms for the production of compounds with biotechnological and industrial relevance. The use of biofilm platforms has been seen as a compelling approach to producing fine and bulk chemicals such as organic acids, alcohols, and solvents. However, the production of recombinant proteins using this system is still scarce. Biofilm reactors are known to have higher biomass density, operational stability, and potential for long-term operation than suspended cell reactors. In addition, there is an increasing demand to harness industrial and agricultural wastes and biorefinery residues to improve process sustainability and reduce production costs. The synthesis of recombinant proteins and other high-value compounds is mainly achieved using suspended cultures of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. This review discusses the use of biofilm reactors for the production of recombinant proteins and other added-value compounds using bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M. Carvalho
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.C.); (A.A.); (M.M.F.); (F.J.M.M.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Azevedo
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.C.); (A.A.); (M.M.F.); (F.J.M.M.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta M. Ferreira
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.C.); (A.A.); (M.M.F.); (F.J.M.M.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe J. M. Mergulhão
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.C.); (A.A.); (M.M.F.); (F.J.M.M.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana C. Gomes
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.C.); (A.A.); (M.M.F.); (F.J.M.M.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Qiao W, Qiao Y, Gao G, Liao Z, Wu Z, Saris PEJ, Xu H, Qiao M. A novel co-cultivation strategy to generate low-crystallinity bacterial cellulose and increase nisin yields. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:388-396. [PMID: 35031318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a co-culturing Enterobacter sp. and Lactococcus lactis strategy was developed to alter bacterial cellulose (BC) properties and increase nisin yields. We generated high nisin yields (6260 IU/mL) by altering inoculum ratios and inoculation times in a novel co-culture system. Critically, these were 85% higher than L. lactis monocultures. By monitoring fermentation broth pH and lactic acid yields, the pH was higher and lactic acid yields lower during co-culture conditions when compared with L. lactis monocultures, suggesting that co-culturing was more suitable for L. lactis nisin production. We also determined BC film yields and properties (BC, BC-N, and BC-N after nisin release). BC yields produced by co-culturing were not very different from Enterobacter sp. monocultures, but crystallinity was significantly altered. Collectively, our co-culture system adequately and economically modified BC fibers by interfering with self-assembly and crystallization processes during BC synthesis, with significantly improved nisin yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00940, Finland
| | - Yu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zitong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zhenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Per Erik Joakim Saris
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00940, Finland
| | - Haijin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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Zhao G, Kempen PJ, Shetty R, Gu L, Zhao S, Ruhdal Jensen P, Solem C. Harnessing cross-resistance - Sustainable nisin production from low-value food side streams using a Lactococcus lactis mutant with higher nisin-resistance obtained after prolonged chlorhexidine exposure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126776. [PMID: 35104649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nisin has a tendency to associate with the cell wall of the producing strain, which inhibits growth and lowers the ceiling for nisin production. With the premise that resistance to the cationic chlorhexidine could reduce nisin binding, variants with higher tolerance to this compound were isolated. One of the resistant isolates, AT0606, had doubled its resistance to nisin, and produced three times more free nisin, when cultured in shake flasks. Characterization revealed that AT0606 had an overall less negatively charged and thicker cell wall, and these changes appeared to be linked to a defect high-affinity phosphate uptake system, and a mutation inactivating the oleate hydratase. Subsequently, the potential of using AT0606 for cost efficient production of nisin was explored, and it was possible to attain a high titer of 13181 IU/mL using a fermentation substrate based on molasses and a by-product from whey protein hydrolysate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhao
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul J Kempen
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Radhakrishna Shetty
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Liuyan Gu
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shuangqing Zhao
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Ruhdal Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Yuan L, Wu H, Wang B, Jia C, Liang D, Caiyin QGL, Qiao J. ComX improves acid tolerance by regulating the expression of late competence proteins in Lactococcus lactis F44. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9556-9569. [PMID: 34147226 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ComX can improve bacterial competence by modulating global gene expression. Although competence induction may also be a protective mechanism under stress, this has not been investigated in detail. Here, we demonstrated that ComX improved the acid tolerance and nisin yield of Lactococcus lactis, which is an important gram-positive bacterium increasingly used in modern biotechnological applications. We found that overexpression of comX could improve the survival rate up to 36.5% at pH 4.0, compared with only 5.4% and 1.1% with the wild-type and comX knockout strains, respectively. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR results indicated that comX overexpression stimulated the expression of late competence genes synergistically with exposure to acid stress. Finally, electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated the binding of purified ComX to the cin-box in the promoters of these genes. Taken together, our results reveal a regulation mechanism by which ComX and acid stress can synergistically modulate the expression of late competence genes to enhance cells' acid tolerance and nisin yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Department of Bioengineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 41000, P. R. China
| | - Cuili Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Ge-Le Caiyin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, P. R. China.
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Zhao G, Liu J, Zhao J, Dorau R, Jensen PR, Solem C. Efficient Production of Nisin A from Low-Value Dairy Side Streams Using a Nonengineered Dairy Lactococcus lactis Strain with Low Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2826-2835. [PMID: 33646779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nisin is commonly used as a biopreservative in foods. For industrial production, nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strains are usually grown to high cell densities to achieve the highest possible nisin titer. However, accumulation of lactic acid eventually halts production, even in pH-controlled fermentations. Here, we describe a nisin-producing L. lactis strain Ge001, which was obtained after transferring the nisin gene cluster from L. lactis ATCC 11454, by conjugation, into the natural mutant L. lactis RD1M5, with low lactate dehydrogenase activity. The ability of Ge001 to produce nisin was tested using dairy waste as the fermentation substrate. To accommodate redox cofactor regeneration, respiration conditions were used, and to alleviate oxidative stress and to reduce adsorption of nisin onto the producing cells, we found it to be beneficial to add 1 mM Mn2+ and 100 mM Ca2+, respectively. A high titer of 12 084 IU/mL nisin could be reached, which is comparable to the highest titers reported using expensive, rich media. Summing up, we here present a 100% natural, robust, and sustainable approach for producing food-grade nisin and acetoin from readily available dairy waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhao
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jianming Liu
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Robin Dorau
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Ruhdal Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Biofilm reactors for value-added products production: An in-depth review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Microbial production of vitamin K2: current status and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 39:107453. [PMID: 31629792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin K2, also called menaquinone, is an essential lipid-soluble vitamin that plays a critical role in blood clotting and prevention of osteoporosis. It has become a focus of research in recent years and has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This review will briefly introduce the functions and applications of vitamin K2 first, after which the biosynthesis pathways and enzymes will be analyzed in-depth to highlight the bottlenecks facing the microbial vitamin K2 production on the industrial scale. Then, various strategies, including strain mutagenesis and genetic modification, different cultivation modes, fermentation and separation processes, will be summarized and discussed. The future prospects and perspectives of microbial menaquinone production will also be discussed finally.
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Malvido MC, González EA, Bendaña Jácome RJ, Guerra NP. The Joint Effect of pH Gradient and Glucose Feeding on the Growth Kinetics of Lactococcus lactis CECT 539 in Glucose-Limited Fed-Batch Cultures. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 68:269-280. [PMID: 31257793 PMCID: PMC7256817 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2019-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Two glucose-limited realkalized fed-batch cultures of Lactococcus lactis CECT 539 were carried out in a diluted whey medium (DW) using two different feeding media. The cultures were fed a mixture of a 400 g/l concentrated lactose and a concentrated mussel processing waste (CMPW, 101.72 g glucose/l) medium (fermentation I) or a CMPW medium supplemented with glucose and KH2PO4 up to concentrations of 400 g glucose/l and 3.21 g total phosphorus/l, respectively (fermentation II). For an accurate description and a better understanding of the kinetics of both cultures, the growth and product formation by L. lactis CECT 539 were both modelled, for the first time, as a function of the amounts of glucose (G) added and the pH gradient (VpH) generated in every realkalization and feeding cycle, by using an empirical polynomial model. With this modeling procedure, the kinetics of biomass, viable cell counts, nisin, lactic acid, acetic acid and butane-2,3-diol production in both cultures were successfully described (R 2 values > 0.970) and interpreted for the first time. In addition, the optimum VpH and G values for each product were accurately calculated in the two realkalized fed-batch cultures. This approach appears to be useful for designing feeding strategies to enhance the productions of biomass, bacteriocin, and metabolites by the nisin-producing strain in wastes from the food industry. Two glucose-limited realkalized fed-batch cultures of Lactococcus lactis CECT 539 were carried out in a diluted whey medium (DW) using two different feeding media. The cultures were fed a mixture of a 400 g/l concentrated lactose and a concentrated mussel processing waste (CMPW, 101.72 g glucose/l) medium (fermentation I) or a CMPW medium supplemented with glucose and KH2PO4 up to concentrations of 400 g glucose/l and 3.21 g total phosphorus/l, respectively (fermentation II). For an accurate description and a better understanding of the kinetics of both cultures, the growth and product formation by L. lactis CECT 539 were both modelled, for the first time, as a function of the amounts of glucose (G) added and the pH gradient (VpH) generated in every realkalization and feeding cycle, by using an empirical polynomial model. With this modeling procedure, the kinetics of biomass, viable cell counts, nisin, lactic acid, acetic acid and butane-2,3-diol production in both cultures were successfully described (R 2 values > 0.970) and interpreted for the first time. In addition, the optimum VpH and G values for each product were accurately calculated in the two realkalized fed-batch cultures. This approach appears to be useful for designing feeding strategies to enhance the productions of biomass, bacteriocin, and metabolites by the nisin-producing strain in wastes from the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Costas Malvido
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry. Food Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus , Ourense , Spain
| | - Elisa Alonso González
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry. Food Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus , Ourense , Spain
| | - Ricardo J Bendaña Jácome
- Department of Engineering, Materials, Structural Mechanics and Construction, Food Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus , Ourense , Spain
| | - Nelson Pérez Guerra
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry. Food Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus , Ourense , Spain
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Wayah SB, Philip K. Characterization, yield optimization, scale up and biopreservative potential of fermencin SA715, a novel bacteriocin from Lactobacillus fermentum GA715 of goat milk origin. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:125. [PMID: 30103750 PMCID: PMC6090665 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergence of antibiotic resistance and growing consumer trend towards foods containing biopreservatives stimulated the search for alternative antimicrobials. This research is aimed at characterizing, investigating the mechanism of action, scale up optimization and evaluating the biopreservative potential of a bacteriocin from Lactobacillus fermentum. RESULTS Fermencin SA715 is a novel, broad-spectrum, non-pore-forming and cell wall-associated bacteriocin isolated from L. fermentum GA715 of goat milk origin. A combination of hydrophobic interaction chromatography, solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase HPLC was necessary for purification of the bacteriocin to homogeneity. It has a molecular weight of 1792.537 Da as revealed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Fermencin SA715 is potent at micromolar concentration, possesses high thermal and pH stability and inactivated by proteolytic enzymes thereby revealing its proteinaceous nature. Biomass accumulation and production of fermencin SA715 was optimum in a newly synthesized growth medium. Fermencin SA715 did not occur in the absence of manganese(II) sulphate. Tween 80, ascorbic acid, sodium citrate and magnesium sulphate enhanced the production of fermencin SA715. Sucrose is the preferred carbon source for growth and bacteriocin production. Sodium chloride concentration higher than 1% suppressed growth and production of fermencin SA715. Optimum bacteriocin production occurred at 37 °C and pH 6-7. Scale up of fermencin SA715 production involved batch fermentation in a bioreactor at a constant pH of 6.5 which resulted in enhanced production. Fermencin SA715 doubled the shelf life and improved the microbiological safety of fresh banana. Bacteriocin application followed by refrigeration tripled the shell life of banana. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the huge potential of fermencin SA715 as a future biopreservative for bananas and reveals other interesting characteristics which can be exploited in the preservation of other foods. Furthermore insights on the factors influencing the production of fermencin SA715 have been revealed and optimized condition for its production has been established facilitating future commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Baranzan Wayah
- Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Koshy Philip
- Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Production of a highly concentrated probiotic culture of Lactococcus lactis CECT 539 containing high amounts of nisin. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:292. [PMID: 29963352 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, probiotic biomass and nisin productions by Lactococcus lactis CECT 539 were followed in two realkalized fed-batch cultures in diluted whey (DW) supplemented with KH2PO4 up to a total phosphorus concentration of 0.459 g/L. Increased biomass (5.12 g/L, 2.18 × 1010 CFU/mL) and nisin (235.23 BU/mL) concentrations were obtained in the culture fed concentrated whey and concentrated mussel processing waste (CMPW) medium supplemented with glucose up to a concentration of 400 g/L (CMPW + G medium) compared with similar fed-batch fermentations in DW medium. In the second fed-batch fermentation, the feeding medium CMPW + G was supplemented with KH2PO4 up to a TP concentration of 3.21 g/L. With this approach, increased production of biomass (5.49 g/L, 2.33 × 1010 CFU/mL) and nisin (257.59 BU/mL) was obtained. Considering the substantial availability of these wastes at very low prices from local dairy and mussel processing plants in Galicia, their use as culture media could offer an attractive alternative for a low-cost production of probiotic biomass and nisin at a high scale.
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Tan Y, Leonhard M, Schneider-Stickler B. Evaluation of culture conditions for mixed biofilm formation with clinically isolated non- albicans Candida species and Staphylococcus epidermidis on silicone. Microb Pathog 2017; 112:215-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ariana M, Hamedi J. Enhanced production of nisin by co-culture of Lactococcus lactis sub sp. lactis and Yarrowia lipolytica in molasses based medium. J Biotechnol 2017; 256:21-26. [PMID: 28694185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nisin is a safe, approved and commercial bacteriocin that is produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Since lactate accumulation in fermentation medium reduces L. lactis growth and nisin production, Yarrowia lipolytica, a lactate consuming yeast and L. lactis subsp. lactis, were simultaneously cultured in a molasses based medium. Y. lipolytica is not able to consume sucrose as carbon source, but rather consumes lactate and hence decrease lactic acid titer by 10% in the medium. Lactic acid consumption, 15% increased pH value and stimulated L. lactis growth. In the mixed culture, nisin production and L. lactis growth were 50% and 49% higher than that of pure culture, respectively. Also the results showed that specific growth rate of L. lactis increased 4 times more than that of the pure culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ariana
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Technology and Products Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hamedi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Technology and Products Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Costas Malvido M, Alonso González E, Outeiriño D, Fajardo Bernárdez P, Pérez Guerra N. Combination of food wastes for an efficient production of nisin in realkalized fed-batch cultures. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Strain and plastic composite support (PCS) selection for vitamin K (Menaquinone-7) production in biofilm reactors. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1507-1517. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Mahdinia E, Demirci A, Berenjian A. Production and application of menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2): a new perspective. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 33:2. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Influence of culture conditions for clinically isolated non-albicans Candida biofilm formation. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 130:123-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Liu CT, Erh MH, Lin SP, Lo KY, Chen KI, Cheng KC. Enrichment of two isoflavone aglycones in black soymilk by Rhizopus oligosporus NTU 5 in a plastic composite support bioreactor. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:3779-3786. [PMID: 26676892 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A plastic composite support (PCS) bioreactor was implemented to evaluate the effects on isoflavone deglycosylation in black soymilk fermented by Rhizopus oligosporus NTU 5. RESULTS Evaluation for the optimal PCS for mycelia immobilisation was conducted, which led to the significant results that the most mycelium weight (0.237 g per PCS, P < 0.05) is held by an S-type PCS; therefore, it was selected for black soymilk fermentation. It was found that the PCS fermentation system without pH control exhibits better efficiency of isoflavone bioconversion (daidzin to daidzein, and genistin to genistein) than the one with pH control at pH 6.5. As for the long-run fermentation, those without pH control indeed accelerate the isoflavone bioconversion by continuously releasing β-glucosidase into soymilk. Deglycosylation can be completed in 8 to 24 h and sustained for at least 34 days as 26 batches. The non-pH-control fermentation system also exhibits the highest total phenolic content (ranged from 0.147 to 0.340 mg GAE mL(-1) sample) when compared to the pH-controlled and suspended ones. Meanwhile, the black soymilk from the 22nd batch with 8 h fermentation demonstrated the highest DPPH radical scavenging effect (54.7%). CONCLUSION A repeated-batch PCS fermentation system was established to accelerate the deglycosylation rate of isoflavone in black soymilk. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Te Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Erh
- Graduate Institute of Food Science & Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Pin Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yin Lo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-I Chen
- Graduate Institute of Food Science & Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Food Science & Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhang J, Caiyin Q, Feng W, Zhao X, Qiao B, Zhao G, Qiao J. Enhance nisin yield via improving acid-tolerant capability of Lactococcus lactis F44. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27973. [PMID: 27306587 PMCID: PMC4910042 DOI: 10.1038/srep27973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, nisin was produced industrially by using Lactococcus lactis in the neutral fermentation process. However, nisin showed higher activity in the acidic environment. How to balance the pH value for bacterial normal growth and nisin activity might be the key problem. In this study, 17 acid-tolerant genes and 6 lactic acid synthetic genes were introduced in L. lactis F44, respectively. Comparing to the 2810 IU/mL nisin yield of the original strain F44, the nisin titer of the engineered strains over-expressing hdeAB, ldh and murG, increased to 3850, 3979 and 4377 IU/mL, respectively. These engineered strains showed more stable intracellular pH value during the fermentation process. Improvement of lactate production could partly provide the extra energy for the expression of acid tolerance genes during growth. Co-overexpression of hdeAB, murG, and ldh(Z) in strain F44 resulted in the nisin titer of 4913 IU/mL. The engineered strain (ABGL) could grow on plates with pH 4.2, comparing to the surviving pH 4.6 of strain F44. The fed-batch fermentation showed nisin titer of the co-expression L. lactis strain could reach 5563 IU/mL with lower pH condition and longer cultivation time. This work provides a novel strategy of constructing robust strains for use in industry process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qinggele Caiyin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenjing Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guangrong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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Costas Malvido M, Alonso González E, Pérez Guerra N. Nisin production in realkalized fed-batch cultures in whey with feeding with lactose- or glucose-containing substrates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7899-908. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Machado D, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Cerca N. Optimization of culture conditions for Gardnerella vaginalis biofilm formation. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 118:143-6. [PMID: 26381661 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis is the leading vaginal disorder in women in reproductive age. Although bacterial vaginosis is related with presence of a biofilm composed predominantly by Gardnerella vaginalis, there has not been a detailed information addressing the environmental conditions that influence the biofilm formation of this bacterial species. Here, we evaluated the influence of some common culture conditions on G. vaginalis biofilm formation, namely inoculum concentration, incubation period, feeding conditions and culture medium composition. Our results showed that culture conditions strongly influenced G. vaginalis biofilm formation and that biofilm formation was enhanced when starting the culture with a higher inoculum, using a fed-batch system and supplementing the growth medium with maltose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Machado
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Labfit - HPRD: Health Products Research and Development Lda, Edificio UBIMEDICAL, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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21
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Nisin production in a chitin-including continuous fermentation system with Lactococcus lactis displaying a cell wall chitin-binding domain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:535-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The limiting factors in the continuous production of nisin are high amount of biomass loss and low dilution rate application. In this study, a chitin-including continuous nisin fermentation system (CICON-FER) was constructed for high volumetric nisin production using nisin producer L. lactis displaying cell wall chitin-binding domain (ChBD) together with chitin in the reactor. In this respect, the highest binding conditions of relevant L. lactis cells to chitin were determined. Then the chitin flakes carrying nisin-producing L. lactis cells were used within the CICON-FER system at different dilution rates (0.1–0.9 h−1) and initial glucose concentrations (20–60 g l−1). The results revealed that the pH 7 conditions and the use of 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer with 0.1 % Tween 20 and Triton X-100 significantly increased the binding capacity of ChBD displaying L. lactis cells to chitin. The constructed CICON-FER system maintained the presence of the ChBD surface displaying L. lactis cells in the reactor system until 0.9 h−1 dilution rate that resulted in a considerably high level of volumetric nisin production and productivity (10,500 IU ml−1 and 9,450 IU ml−1 h−1, respectively) with the combination of a 0.9-h−1 dilution rate and a 40-g l−1 initial glucose concentration. In conclusion, an innovative nisin fermentation system that yielded the highest nisin production thus far and that was feasible for industrial application was created.
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Application of biofilm bioreactors in white biotechnology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 146:123-61. [PMID: 24402458 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The production of valuable compounds in industrial biotechnology is commonly done by cultivation of suspended cells or use of (immobilized) enzymes rather than using microorganisms in an immobilized state. Within the field of wastewater as well as odor treatment the application of immobilized cells is a proven technique. The cells are entrapped in a matrix of extracellular polymeric compounds produced by themselves. The surface-associated agglomerate of encapsulated cells is termed biofilm. In comparison to common immobilization techniques, toxic effects of compounds used for cell entrapment may be neglected. Although the economic impact of biofilm processes used for the production of valuable compounds is negligible, many prospective approaches were examined in the laboratory and on a pilot scale. This review gives an overview of biofilm reactors applied to the production of valuable compounds. Moreover, the characteristics of the utilized materials are discussed with respect to support of surface-attached microbial growth.
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Barbour A, Philip K, Muniandy S. Enhanced production, purification, characterization and mechanism of action of salivaricin 9 lantibiotic produced by Streptococcus salivarius NU10. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77751. [PMID: 24147072 PMCID: PMC3797685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lantibiotics are small lanthionine-containing bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria. Salivaricin 9 is a newly discovered lantibiotic produced by Streptococcus salivarius. In this study we present the mechanism of action of salivaricin 9 and some of its properties. Also we developed new methods to produce and purify the lantibiotic from strain NU10. Methodology / Principal Findings Salivaricin 9 was found to be auto-regulated when an induction assay was applied and this finding was used to develop a successful salivaricin 9 production system in liquid medium. A combination of XAD-16 and cation exchange chromatography was used to purify the secondary metabolite which was shown to have a molecular weight of approximately 3000 Da by SDS-PAGE. MALDI-TOF MS analysis indicated the presence of salivaricin 9, a 2560 Da lantibiotic. Salivaricin 9 is a bactericidal molecule targeting the cytoplasmic membrane of sensitive cells. The membrane permeabilization assay showed that salivaricin 9 penetrated the cytoplasmic membrane and induced pore formation which resulted in cell death. The morphological changes of test bacterial strains incubated with salivaricin 9 were visualized using Scanning Electron Microscopy which confirmed a pore forming mechanism of inhibition. Salivaricin 9 retained biological stability when exposed to high temperature (90-100°C) and stayed bioactive at pH ranging 2 to 10. When treated with proteinase K or peptidase, salivaricin 9 lost all antimicrobial activity, while it remained active when treated with lyticase, catalase and certain detergents. Conclusion The mechanism of antimicrobial action of a newly discovered lantibiotic salivaricin 9 was elucidated in this study. Salivaricin 9 penetrated the cytoplasmic membrane of its targeted cells and induced pore formation. This project has given new insights on lantibiotic peptides produced by S. salivarius isolated from the oral cavities of Malaysian subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelahhad Barbour
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Division, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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24
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Ercan D, Demirci A. Current and future trends for biofilm reactors for fermentation processes. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 35:1-14. [PMID: 23919241 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.793170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms in the environment can both cause detrimental and beneficial effects. However, their use in bioreactors provides many advantages including lesser tendencies to develop membrane fouling and lower required capital costs, their higher biomass density and operation stability, contribution to resistance of microorganisms, etc. Biofilm formation occurs naturally by the attachment of microbial cells to the support without use of any chemicals agent in biofilm reactors. Biofilm reactors have been studied and commercially used for waste water treatment and bench and pilot-scale production of value-added products in the past decades. It is important to understand the fundamentals of biofilm formation, physical and chemical properties of a biofilm matrix to run the biofilm reactor at optimum conditions. This review includes the principles of biofilm formation; properties of a biofilm matrix and their roles in the biofilm formation; factors that improve the biofilm formation, such as support materials; advantages and disadvantages of biofilm reactors; and industrial applications of biofilm reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ercan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park , Pennsylvania , USA and
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25
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Ercan D, Demirci A. Production of human lysozyme in biofilm reactor and optimization of growth parameters of Kluyveromyces lactis K7. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:6211-21. [PMID: 23657582 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme (1,4-β-N-acetylmuramidase) is a lytic enzyme, which degrades the bacterial cell wall. Lysozyme has been of interest in medicine, cosmetics, and food industries because of its anti-bactericidal effect. Kluyveromyces lactis K7 is a genetically modified organism that expresses human lysozyme. There is a need to improve the human lysozyme production by K. lactis K7 to make the human lysozyme more affordable. Biofilm reactor provides high biomass by including a solid support, which microorganisms grow around and within. Therefore, the aim of this study was to produce the human lysozyme in biofilm reactor and optimize the growth conditions of K. lactis K7 for the human lysozyme production in biofilm reactor with plastic composite support (PCS). The PCS, which includes polypropylene, soybean hull, soybean flour, bovine albumin, and salts, was selected based on biofilm formation on PCS (CFU/g), human lysozyme production (U/ml), and absorption of lysozyme inside the support. To find the optimum combination of growth parameters, a three-factor Box-Behnken design of response surface method was used. The results suggested that the optimum conditions for biomass and lysozyme productions were different (27 °C, pH 6, 1.33 vvm for biomass production; 25 °C, pH 4, no aeration for lysozyme production). Then, different pH and aeration shift strategies were tested to increase the biomass at the first step and then secrete the lysozyme after the shift. As a result, the lysozyme production amount (141 U/ml) at 25 °C without pH and aeration control was significantly higher than the lysozyme amount at evaluated pH and aeration shift conditions (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ercan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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26
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Djukić-Vuković AP, Mojović LV, Vukašinović-Sekulić MS, Nikolić SB, Pejin JD. Integrated production of lactic acid and biomass on distillery stillage. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:1157-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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27
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Advances in biofilm reactors for production of value-added products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:445-56. [PMID: 20437230 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are defined as microbial cell layers, which are irreversibly or reversibly attached on solid surfaces. These attached cells are embedded in a self-produced exopolysaccharide matrix, and exhibit different growth and bioactivity compared with suspended cells. With their high biomass density, stability, and potential for long-term fermentation, biofilm reactors are employed for the fermentation and bioconversion, which need large amount of biomass. During the past decade, biofilm reactors have been successfully applied for production of many value-added products. This review article summarizes the applications of biofilm reactors with different novel designs. Advantages and concerns using biofilm reactors, potential uses for industrial-scale production, and further investigation needs are discussed.
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Production of a potentially novel antimicrobial compound by a biofilm-forming marine Streptomyces sp. in a niche-mimic rotating disk bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2009; 33:207-17. [PMID: 19326149 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-009-0314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
After initial small-scale experiments, a 25.0 l rotating disk bioreactor (RDBR) was investigated for the cultivation of a biofilm-forming salt-tolerant Streptomyces sp. MS1/7, producing an antimicrobial compound. Peak activity attainment rate, PAAR (ratio of the peak antimicrobial activity, PAMA and the time taken to attain PAMA) was determined. Of the three pH values examined (8.0, 9.0 and 10.0) maximum PAAR (1.82 mm/h) was attained at pH 9.0. Three aeration rates (9.0, 6.0 and 3.0 l/min) were considered at three levels (25, 50 and 75%) of disk submergence. At the highest aeration rate and 50% submergence level, PAMA (41 mm), PAAR (1.86 mm/h) and biofilm density (BD, 0.91 g/ml) attained their highest values. At any given aeration rate, PAMA was always higher at 50% submergence level. This supports our earlier premise that ideal intertidal conditions, 12 h periods of immersion and emersion, promote maximum BD and antimicrobial production in the niche-mimic RDBR.
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Giaouris E, Chapot-Chartier MP, Briandet R. Surface physicochemical analysis of natural Lactococcus lactis strains reveals the existence of hydrophobic and low charged strains with altered adhesive properties. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 131:2-9. [PMID: 18954916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cell surface physicochemical properties of 50 Lactococcus lactis strains of different subspecies and isolated from different origins (dairy, vegetal and animal) were examined. Cell surface hydrophobicity and Lewis acid-base properties were evaluated by affinity measurements to solvents in a partitioning test, while the global electrical charge of the cells was assessed by micro-electrophoresis using a laser zeta-meter. A global multivariate analysis of the results revealed a high natural diversity of L. lactis cell surface properties. While 52% of the strains present a hydrophilic and electronegative cell wall surface, a group of strikingly hydrophobic strains (12% of the strains) and a group of strains with unusual low charged surface (18%) were identified. Adhesion on polystyrene microtitre plates was evaluated for twelve strains selected from the multivariate analysis as representatives of the various observed cell wall surface physicochemical patterns. A significant correlation between adhesion, hydrophobicity and low electronegativity was observed when adhesion was performed in a low ionic strength suspending medium. The most adhesive strains were hydrophobic or low charged. The presence of repulsive electrostatic interactions led to a decrease in adhesion of the most negatively charged hydrophilic strains. The present study highlights the diversity of L. lactis cell surface physicochemical properties, diversity that could not be connected to the origin or to the subspecies of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Giaouris
- Unité mixte de recherche en Bioadhesion et Hygiène des Matériaux, UMR 763 INRA-AgroParisTech, 25 avenue de la République, 91300 Massy, France
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Pongtharangku T, Demirci A. Online recovery of nisin during fermentation and its effect on nisin production in biofilm reactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 74:555-62. [PMID: 17111139 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An online removal of nisin by silicic acid coupled with a micro-filter module was proposed as an alternative to reduce detrimental effects caused by adsorption of nisin onto producer, enzymatic degradation by protease, and product inhibition during fermentation. In this study, silicic acid was successfully used to recover nisin from the fermentation broth of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NIZO 22186. The effect of pH (at 6.8 and 3.0) during adsorption process and several eluents (deionized water, 20% ethanol, 1 M NaCl, and 1 M NaCl + 20% ethanol) for desorption were evaluated in a small batch scale. Higher nisin adsorption onto silicic acid was achieved when the adsorption was carried out at pH 6.8 (67% adsorption) than at pH 3.0 (54% adsorption). The maximum recovery was achieved (47% of nisin was harvested) when the adsorption was carried out at pH 6.8 and 1 M NaCl + 20% ethanol was used as an eluent for desorption. Most importantly, nisin production was significantly enhanced (7,445 IU/ml) when compared with the batch fermentation without the online recovery (1,897 IU/ml). This may possibly be attributed to preventing the loss of nisin due the detrimental effects and a higher biomass density achieved during online recovery process, which stimulated production of nisin during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thunyarat Pongtharangku
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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