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Zhang C, Jiang C, Jin J, Lei P, Cai Y, Wang Y. Cartilage fragments combined with BMSCs-Derived exosomes can promote tendon-bone healing after ACL reconstruction. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100819. [PMID: 37810754 PMCID: PMC10550801 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) often fails due to the inability of tendon-bone integration to regenerate normal tissues and formation of fibrous scar tissues in the tendon-bone interface. Cartilage fragments and exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs-Exos) can enhance enthesis healing. Nevertheless, the effects on the tendon-bone healing of ACLR remain unknown. This study found that BMSCs-Exos can promote the proliferation of chondrocytes in cartilage fragments, and activated the expression of chondro-related genes SOX9 and Aggrecan. The optimal effect concentration was 1012 events/uL. Besides, BMSCs-Exos could significantly upregulated the expression of BMP7 and Smad5 in cartilage fragments, and further enhanced the expression of chondrogenic genes. Moreover, this study established a rat model of ACLR and implanted the BMSCs-Exos/cartilage fragment complex into the femoral bone tunnel. Results demonstrated that the mean diameters of the femoral bone tunnels were significantly smaller in the BE-CF group than those in the CF group (p = 0.038) and control group (p = 0.007) at 8 weeks after surgery. Besides, more new bone formation was observed in the femoral tunnels in the BE-CF group, as demonstrated by a larger BV/TV ratio based on the reconstructed CT scans. Histological results also revealed the regeneration of tendon-bone structures, especially fibrocartilage. Thus, these findings provide a promising result that BMSCs-Exos/cartilage fragment complex can prevent the enlargement of bone tunnel and promote tendon-bone healing after ACLR, which may have resulted from the regulation of the BMP7/Smad5 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Center for Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine of Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Spine Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Jin
- Center for Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Pengfei Lei
- Center for Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Youzhi Cai
- Center for Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine of Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Spine Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Assid E, Renshaw A, Samad M, Tupler R, Jones D. Long-Term Outcomes of Osteochondral Allograft with Osteogenic Protein-1 Augmentation: A Twelve-Year Follow-Up. Case Rep Orthop 2023; 2023:3842443. [PMID: 37789911 PMCID: PMC10545460 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3842443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteochondral lesions (OCLs) can significantly impact functional status and activities of daily living. Weightbearing joints are disproportionately affected due to considerable biomechanical forces in these areas. Various biologic reconstructive procedures such as microfracture, osteochondral autograft transfer (OATS) or allograft transplantation (OCA), and matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) are utilized by surgeons to treat OCLs. The integration of osteochondral allografts can restore knee function and maintain the integrity of adjacent joint surfaces. Bone incorporation has been linked to successful outcomes following OCA. Pulse lavage and carbon dioxide have been used to remove marrow elements from the superficial, middle, and deep layers of the allograft; this has been combined with the use of various biologics such as bone marrow aspirate or whole blood to augment donor bone incorporation into the host bone. We present an innovative augmentation approach in OCA transplantation demonstrating excellent incorporation of an osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) implant (Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI) to treat a large fresh osteoarticular allograft. Case Presentation. We present a 51-year-old male who received OCA augmented with an OP-1 implant (Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI) in 2011. Due to subsequent ACL reconstruction for two years and medial meniscal repair four years following OCA transplantation, we were able to arthroscopically evaluate graft status at short- and intermediate-term follow-ups. Positive findings were further verified with radiographic imaging and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Conclusion OP-1 implants aided in the bone incorporation of a large osteochondral allograft, restoring a high functional level in a demanding sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Assid
- Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Mawadah Samad
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Parwez S, Panigrahi L, Ahmed S, Siddiqi MI. Machine learning-based predictive modeling, virtual screening and biological evaluation studies for identification of potential inhibitors of MMP-13. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7190-7203. [PMID: 36062572 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2117738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) is a collagenase that regulates the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane, as well as the breakdown of type II collagen. Recent research studies on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cartilage degradation suggest that MMP-13 overexpression triggers osteoarthritis and is considered a promising target for osteoarthritis treatment. The present work employs machine learning-based virtual screening and structure-based rational drug design approaches to identify potential inhibitors of MMP-13 with diverse chemical scaffolds. The twelve top-scoring screened compounds were subjected to biological evaluation to validate the robustness and predictive modeling of ML-based Virtual Screening. It was observed that eight compounds exhibited approximately 44%-60% inhibition at 0.1 µM concentration, and the IC50 lies in the range of 1.9-2.3 µM against MMP-13. Interestingly, two of the compounds, DP01473 and RH01617, showed potent dose-dependent inhibitory activity. Compound DP01473 inhibited MMP-13 by 44%, 50%, and 70%, while compound RH01617 inhibited MMP-13 by 54%, 55%, and 57% at 0.1 μM, 1 μM, and 10 μM concentrations, respectively, and can be further optimized for the design and development of more potent MMP-13 inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Parwez
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Lalita Panigrahi
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) Campus, Lucknow, India
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Uzun E, Güvercin S, Günay AE, Kafadar İH, Bolat D, Yay AH, Güney A. The effect of oral hydroxychloroquine on chondral defect: An experimental study. Jt Dis Relat Surg 2023; 34:628-639. [PMID: 37750268 PMCID: PMC10546840 DOI: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the time- and dose-dependent effects of oral hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on focal full-thickness knee chondral defect healing in a rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cartilage defects of 4x4 mm2 were created on both medial femoral condyles of 24 New Zealand rabbits. The rabbits were divided into six groups (A-F) according to HCQ administration and sacrifice time: A (three-week control) and B (six-week control) received no additional interventions; C (20 mg/kg HCQ, three weeks); D (20 mg/kg HCQ, six weeks); E (40 mg/kg HCQ, three weeks); and F (40 mg/kg HCQ, six weeks). Osteochondral specimens were evaluated macroscopically, histologically, and immunohistochemically. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to detect apoptotic cells. RESULTS The International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) scores were significantly higher in the experimental groups than in the controls (p<0.001). The Wakitani scores in Group D showed a significant improvement compared to those in Group B (p<0.01). The 20 mg/kg HCQ treatment groups showed better recovery than the controls (p<0.01). High-dose HCQ (40 mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced the intensity of collagen type 2 immunoreactivity compared to that in the groups receiving 20 mg/kg of HCQ (p<0.01). Collagen type 2 expression in Group F was significantly lower than that in Group D (p<0.01). There were more TUNEL-positive cells in the repair sites of Groups E and F than in the lower-dose experimental groups and untreated experimental groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION A low dose of HCQ improved cartilage repair, while higher doses of HCQ exerted a negative effect on cartilage regeneration in rabbits. In the presence of defective cartilage, the use of HCQ at an appropriate dose and time is important for cartilage health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Uzun
- Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Anabilim Dalı, 38030 Melikgazi, Kayseri.
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Yu L, Cavelier S, Hannon B, Wei M. Recent development in multizonal scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:122-159. [PMID: 36817819 PMCID: PMC9931622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) repair is an extremely challenging topic due to the complex biphasic structure and poor intrinsic regenerative capability of natural osteochondral tissue. In contrast to the current surgical approaches which yield only short-term relief of symptoms, tissue engineering strategy has been shown more promising outcomes in treating OC defects since its emergence in the 1990s. In particular, the use of multizonal scaffolds (MZSs) that mimic the gradient transitions, from cartilage surface to the subchondral bone with either continuous or discontinuous compositions, structures, and properties of natural OC tissue, has been gaining momentum in recent years. Scrutinizing the latest developments in the field, this review offers a comprehensive summary of recent advances, current hurdles, and future perspectives of OC repair, particularly the use of MZSs including bilayered, trilayered, multilayered, and gradient scaffolds, by bringing together onerous demands of architecture designs, material selections, manufacturing techniques as well as the choices of growth factors and cells, each of which possesses its unique challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Sacha Cavelier
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Brett Hannon
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Mei Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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Makarczyk MJ, Hines S, Yagi H, Li ZA, Aguglia AM, Zbikowski J, Padget AM, Gao Q, Bunnell BA, Goodman SB, Lin H. Using Microphysiological System for the Development of Treatments for Joint Inflammation and Associated Cartilage Loss-A Pilot Study. Biomolecules 2023; 13:384. [PMID: 36830751 PMCID: PMC9952916 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful and disabling joint disease affecting millions worldwide. The lack of clinically relevant models limits our ability to predict therapeutic outcomes prior to clinical trials, where most drugs fail. Therefore, there is a need for a model that accurately recapitulates the whole-joint disease nature of OA in humans. Emerging microphysiological systems provide a new opportunity. We recently established a miniature knee joint system, known as the miniJoint, in which human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were used to create an osteochondral complex, synovial-like fibrous tissue, and adipose tissue analogs. In this study, we explored the potential of the miniJoint in developing novel treatments for OA by testing the hypothesis that co-treatment with anti-inflammation and chondroinducing agents can suppress joint inflammation and associated cartilage degradation. Specifically, we created a "synovitis"-relevant OA model in the miniJoint by treating synovial-like tissues with interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and then a combined treatment of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) suppressing the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) genetic pathway and bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7) was introduced. The combined treatment with BMP-7 and ODNs reduced inflammation in the synovial-like fibrous tissue and showed an increase in glycosaminoglycan formation in the cartilage portion of the osteochondral complex. For the first time, this study demonstrated the potential of the miniJoint in developing disease-modifying OA drugs. The therapeutic efficacy of co-treatment with NF-κB ODNs and BMP-7 can be further validated in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan J. Makarczyk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Rm 217, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, 450 Technology Drive, Rm 217, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Sophie Hines
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Rm 217, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Haruyo Yagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Rm 217, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Zhong Alan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Rm 217, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Aguglia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Rm 217, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, 450 Technology Drive, Rm 217, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Justin Zbikowski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Rm 217, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, 450 Technology Drive, Rm 217, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Padget
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Rm 217, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94350, USA
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94350, USA
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Rm 217, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94350, USA
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Chondrocyte Hypertrophy in Osteoarthritis: Mechanistic Studies and Models for the Identification of New Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244034. [PMID: 36552796 PMCID: PMC9777397 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage shows limited self-healing ability owing to its low cellularity and avascularity. Untreated cartilage defects display an increased propensity to degenerate, leading to osteoarthritis (OA). During OA progression, articular chondrocytes are subjected to significant alterations in gene expression and phenotype, including a shift towards a hypertrophic-like state (with the expression of collagen type X, matrix metalloproteinases-13, and alkaline phosphatase) analogous to what eventuates during endochondral ossification. Present OA management strategies focus, however, exclusively on cartilage inflammation and degradation. A better understanding of the hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype in OA might give new insights into its pathogenesis, suggesting potential disease-modifying therapeutic approaches. Recent developments in the field of cellular/molecular biology and tissue engineering proceeded in the direction of contrasting the onset of this hypertrophic phenotype, but knowledge gaps in the cause-effect of these processes are still present. In this review we will highlight the possible advantages and drawbacks of using this approach as a therapeutic strategy while focusing on the experimental models necessary for a better understanding of the phenomenon. Specifically, we will discuss in brief the cellular signaling pathways associated with the onset of a hypertrophic phenotype in chondrocytes during the progression of OA and will analyze in depth the advantages and disadvantages of various models that have been used to mimic it. Afterwards, we will present the strategies developed and proposed to impede chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage matrix mineralization/calcification. Finally, we will examine the future perspectives of OA therapeutic strategies.
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Wang C, Li Z, Zhang K, Zhang C. Self-assembling peptides with hBMP7 biological activity promote the differentiation of ADSCs into nucleus pulposus-like cells. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:197. [PMID: 35366936 PMCID: PMC8976972 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractFunctionalized self-assembling peptides, which display functional growth-factor bioactivity, can be designed by connecting the C-terminus of a pure self-assembling peptide with a short functional motif. In this study, we designed a novel functionalized peptide (RADA16-SNVI) in which an SNVI motif with hBMP-7 activity was conjugated onto the C-terminus of the RADA16 peptide via solid-phase synthesis. A mix of RADA16-SNVI and RADA16 solutions was used to create a functionalized peptide nanofiber scaffold (SNVI-RADA16). The hydrogels were analyzed by atomic force microscopy, circular dichroism, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the SNVI-RADA16 solution effectively formed hydrogel. Next, we seeded the SNVI-RADA16 scaffold with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and investigated whether it displayed biological properties of nucleus pulposus tissue. SNVI-RADA16 displayed good biocompatibility with the ADSCs and induced their expression. Cells in SNVI-RADA16 gel had a greater secretion of the extracellular matrix marker collagen type II and aggrecan compared to ADSCs grown in monolayer and control gel (p < 0.05). The ratio of the aggrecan to collagen in cells in SNVI-RADA16 gel is approximately 29:1 after culture for 21 days. ADSCs in SNVI-RADA16 gels expressed the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α) mRNA by real-time PCR. However, HIF-1 mRNA is absence in control gel and monolayer. The results suggested that the functionalized self-assembled peptide promotes the differentiation of ADSCs into nucleus pulposus-like cells. Thus, the designed SNVI-RADA16 self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffolds may be suitable for application in nucleus pulposus tissue regeneration.
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New Directions in the Development of Pharmacotherapy for Osteoarthrosis Based on Modern Concepts of the Disease Pathogenesis (A Review). Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Ripmeester EGJ, Welting TJM, van den Akker GGH, Surtel DAM, Steijns JSJ, Cremers A, van Rhijn LW, Caron MMJ. BMP7 increases protein synthesis in SW1353 cells and determines rRNA levels in a NKX3-2-dependent manner. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263430. [PMID: 35139106 PMCID: PMC8827423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP7 is a morphogen capable of counteracting the OA chondrocyte hypertrophic phenotype via NKX3-2. NKX3-2 represses expression of RUNX2, an important transcription factor for chondrocyte hypertrophy. Since RUNX2 has previously been described as an inhibitor for 47S pre-rRNA transcription, we hypothesized that BMP7 positively influences 47S pre-rRNA transcription through NKX3-2, resulting in increased protein translational capacity. Therefor SW1353 cells and human primary chondrocytes were exposed to BMP7 and rRNA (18S, 5.8S, 28S) expression was determined by RT-qPCR. NKX3-2 knockdown was achieved via transfection of a NKX3-2-specific siRNA duplex. Translational capacity was assessed by the SUNsET assay, and 47S pre-rRNA transcription was determined by transfection of a 47S gene promoter-reporter plasmid. BMP7 treatment increased protein translational capacity. This was associated by increased 18S and 5.8S rRNA and NKX3-2 mRNA expression, as well as increased 47S gene promotor activity. Knockdown of NKX3-2 led to increased expression of RUNX2, accompanied by decreased 47S gene promotor activity and rRNA expression, an effect BMP7 was unable to restore. Our data demonstrate that BMP7 positively influences protein translation capacity of SW1353 cells and chondrocytes. This is likely caused by an NKX3-2-dependent activation of 47S gene promotor activity. This finding connects morphogen-mediated changes in cellular differentiation to an aspect of ribosome biogenesis via key transcription factors central to determining the chondrocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen G. J. Ripmeester
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J. M. Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Guus G. H. van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Don A. M. Surtel
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica S. J. Steijns
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andy Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk W. van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein M. J. Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Ramesova A, Vesela B, Svandova E, Lesot H, Matalova E. Caspase-9 inhibition decreases expression of Mmp9 during chondrogenesis. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:403-413. [PMID: 34999953 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Besides cell death, caspase-9 participates in non-apoptotic events, including cell differentiation. To evaluate a possible impact on the expression of chondrogenic/osteogenic factors, a caspase-9 inhibitor was tested in vitro. For this purpose, mouse forelimb-derived micromass cultures, the most common chondrogenic in vitro model, were used. The following analyses were performed based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays and real-time PCR. The expression of several chondrogenesis-related genes was shown to be altered, some of which may impact chondrogenic differentiation (Bmp4, Bmp7, Sp7, Gli1), mineral deposition (Alp, Itgam) or the remodelling of the extracellular matrix (Col1a2, Mmp9) related to endochondral ossification. From the cluster of genes with altered expression, Mmp9 showed the most significant decrease in expression, of more than 50-fold. Additionally, we determined the possible impact of caspase-9 downregulation on the expression of other Mmp genes. A mild increase in Mmp14 was observed, but there was no change in the expression of other studied Mmp genes (-2, -3, -8, -10, -12, -13). Interestingly, inhibition of Mmp9 in micromasses led to decreased expression of some chondrogenic markers related to caspase-9. These samples also showed a decreased expression of caspase-9 itself, suggesting a bidirectional regulation of these two enzymes. These results indicate a specific impact of caspase-9 inhibition on the expression of Mmp9. The localisation of these two enzymes overlaps in resting, proliferative and pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes during in vivo development, which supports their multiple functions, either apoptotic or non-apoptotic. Notably, a coincidental expression pattern was identified in Pik3cg, a possible candidate for Mmp9 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramesova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - B Vesela
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - E Svandova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - H Lesot
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - E Matalova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Abstract
The fibrocartilage chondrocyte phenotype has been recognized to attribute to osteoarthritis (OA) development. These chondrocytes express genes related to unfavorable OA outcomes, emphasizing its importance in OA pathology. BMP7 is being explored as a potential disease-modifying molecule and attenuates the chondrocyte hypertrophic phenotype. On the other hand, BMP7 has been demonstrated to relieve organ fibrosis by counteracting the pro-fibrotic TGFβ-Smad3-PAI1 axis and increasing MMP2-mediated Collagen type I turnover. Whether BMP7 has anti-fibrotic properties in chondrocytes is unknown. Human OA articular chondrocytes (HACs) were isolated from end-stage OA femoral cartilage (total knee arthroplasty; n = 18 individual donors). SW1353 cells and OA HACs were exposed to 1 nM BMP7 for 24 h, after which gene expression of fibrosis-related genes and fibrosis-mediating factors was determined by RT-qPCR. In SW1353, Collagen type I protein levels were determined by immunocytochemistry and western blotting. PAI1 and MMP2 protein levels and activity were measured with an ELISA and activity assays, respectively. MMP2 activity was inhibited with the selective MMP-2 inhibitor OA-Hy. SMAD3 activity was determined by a (CAGA)12-reporter assay, and pSMAD2 levels by western blotting. Following BMP7 exposure, the expression of fibrosis-related genes was reduced in SW1353 cells and OA HACs. BMP7 reduced Collagen type I protein levels in SW1353 cells. Gene expression of MMP2 was increased in SW1353 cells following BMP7 treatment. BMP7 reduced PAI1 protein levels and -activity, while MMP2 protein levels and -activity were increased by BMP7. BMP7-dependent inhibition of Collagen type I protein levels in SW1353 cells was abrogated when MMP2 activity was inhibited. Finally, BMP7 reduced pSMAD2 levels determined by western blotting and reduced SMAD3 transcriptional activity as demonstrated by decreased (CAGA)12 luciferase reporter activity. Our data demonstrate that short-term exposure to BMP7 decreases the fibrocartilage chondrocyte phenotype. The BMP7-dependent reduction of Collagen type I protein expression seems MMP2-dependent and inhibition of Smad2/3-PAI1 activity was identified as a potential pathway via which BMP7 exerts its anti-fibrotic action. This indicates that in chondrocytes BMP7 may have a double mode-of-action by targeting both the hypertrophic as well as the fibrotic chondrocyte phenotype, potentially adding to the clinical relevance of using BMP7 as an OA disease-modifying molecule.
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Shu DY, Lovicu FJ. Insights into Bone Morphogenetic Protein-(BMP-) Signaling in Ocular Lens Biology and Pathology. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102604. [PMID: 34685584 PMCID: PMC8533954 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a diverse class of growth factors that belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily. Although originally discovered to possess osteogenic properties, BMPs have since been identified as critical regulators of many biological processes, including cell-fate determination, cell proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis, throughout the body. In the ocular lens, BMPs are important in orchestrating fundamental developmental processes such as induction of lens morphogenesis, and specialized differentiation of its fiber cells. Moreover, BMPs have been reported to facilitate regeneration of the lens, as well as abrogate pathological processes such as TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize recent insights in this topic and discuss the complexities of BMP-signaling including the role of individual BMP ligands, receptors, extracellular antagonists and cross-talk between canonical and non-canonical BMP-signaling cascades in the lens. By understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying BMP activity, we can advance their potential therapeutic role in cataract prevention and lens regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Y. Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Frank J. Lovicu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9351-5170
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14
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Wang Z, Wang S, Wang K, Wu X, Tu C, Gao C. Stimuli-Sensitive Nanotherapies for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100280. [PMID: 34396698 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic inflammatory disease in the joints. It is one of the leading causes of disability with increasing morbidity, which has become one of the serious clinical issues. Current treatments would only provide temporary relief due to the lack of early diagnosis and effective therapy, and thus the replacement of joints may be needed when the OA deteriorates. Although the intra-articular injection and oral administration of drugs are helpful for OA treatment, they are suffering from systemic toxicity, short retention time in joint, and insufficient bioavailability. Nanomedicine is potential to improve the drug delivery efficiency and targeting ability. In this focused progress review, the particle-based drug loading systems that can achieve targeted and triggered release are summarized. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers that are sensitive to endogenous microenvironmental signals such as reactive oxygen species, enzymes, pH, and temperature, as well as external stimuli such as light for OA therapy are introduced in this review. Furthermore, the nanocarriers associated with targeted therapy and imaging for OA treatment are summarized. The potential applications of nanotherapies for OA treatment are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shuqin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Kai Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chenxi Tu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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15
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Su YW, Wong DSK, Fan J, Chung R, Wang L, Chen Y, Xian CH, Yao L, Wang L, Foster BK, Xu J, Xian CJ. Enhanced BMP signalling causes growth plate cartilage dysrepair in rats. Bone 2021; 145:115874. [PMID: 33548573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Growth plate cartilage injuries often result in bony repair at the injury site and premature mineralisation at the uninjured region causing bone growth defects, for which underlying mechanisms are unclear. With the prior microarray study showing upregulated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling during the injury site bony repair and with the known roles of BMP signalling in bone healing and growth plate endochondral ossification, this study used a rat tibial growth plate drill-hole injury model with or without systemic infusion of BMP antagonist noggin to investigate roles of BMP signalling in injury repair responses within the injury site and in the adjacent "uninjured" cartilage. At days 8, 14 and 35 post-injury, increased expression of BMP members and receptors and enhanced BMP signalling (increased levels of phosphorylated (p)-Smad1/5/8) were found during injury site bony repair. After noggin treatment, injury site bony repair at days 8 and 14 was reduced as shown by micro-CT and histological analyses and lower mRNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes Runx2 and osteocalcin (by RT-PCR). At the adjacent uninjured cartilage, the injury caused increases in the hypertrophic zone/proliferative zone height ratio and in mRNA expression of hypertrophy marker collagen-10, but a decrease in chondrogenesis marker Sox9 at days 14 and/or 35, which were accompanied by increased BMP signalling (increased levels of pSmad1/5/8 protein and BMP7, BMPR1a and target gene Dlx5 mRNA). Noggin treatment reduced the hypertrophic zone/proliferative zone height ratio and collagen-10 mRNA expression, but increased collagen-2 mRNA levels at the adjacent growth plate. This study has identified critical roles of BMP signalling in the injury site bony repair and in the hypertrophic degeneration of the adjacent growth plate in a growth plate drill-hole repair model. Moreover, suppressing BMP signalling can potentially attenuate the undesirable bony repair at injury site and suppress the premature hypertrophy but potentially rescue chondrogenesis at the adjacent growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Su
- University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Derick S K Wong
- University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jian Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Rosa Chung
- University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Liping Wang
- University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopaedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Claire H Xian
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Lufeng Yao
- Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopaedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Bruce K Foster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Cory J Xian
- University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China.
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16
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Guan M, Pan D, Zhang M, Leng X, Yao B. Deer antler extract potentially facilitates xiphoid cartilage growth and regeneration and prevents inflammatory susceptibility by regulating multiple functional genes. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:208. [PMID: 33752715 PMCID: PMC7983396 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deer antler is a zoological exception due to its fantastic characteristics, including amazing growth rate and repeatable regeneration. Deer antler has been used as a key ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine relating to kidney and bone health for centuries. The aim of this study was to dissect the molecular regulation of deer antler extract (DAE) on xiphoid cartilage (XC). METHODS The DAE used in this experiment was same as the one that was prepared as previously described. The specific pathogen-free (SPF) grade Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into blank group (n =10) and DAE group (n =10) after 1-week adaptive feeding. The DAE used in this experiment was same as the one that was prepared as previously described. The rats in DAE group were fed with DAE for 3 weeks at a dose of 0.2 g/kg per day according to the body surface area normalization method, and the rats in blank group were fed with drinking water. Total RNA was extracted from XC located in the most distal edge of the sternum. Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in combination with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation assay was carried out to dissect the molecular regulation of DAE on XC. RESULTS We demonstrated that DAE significantly increased the expression levels of DEGs involved in cartilage growth and regeneration, but decreased the expression levels of DEGs involved in inflammation, and mildly increased the expression levels of DEGs involved in chondrogenesis and chondrocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that DAE might serve as a complementary therapeutic regent for cartilage growth and regeneration to treat cartilage degenerative disease, such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Guan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Daian Pan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Innovation Practice Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117 China
| | - Xiangyang Leng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Baojin Yao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
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17
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Caron MMJ, Ripmeester EGJ, van den Akker G, Wijnands NKAP, Steijns J, Surtel DAM, Cremers A, Emans PJ, van Rhijn LW, Welting TJM. Discovery of bone morphogenetic protein 7-derived peptide sequences that attenuate the human osteoarthritic chondrocyte phenotype. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 21:247-261. [PMID: 33850953 PMCID: PMC8022858 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) is mainly symptomatic by alleviating pain to postpone total joint replacement. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) is a candidate morphogen for experimental OA treatment that favorably alters the chondrocyte and cartilage phenotype. Intra-articular delivery and sustained release of a recombinant growth factor for treating OA are challenging, whereas the use of peptide technology potentially circumvents many of these challenges. In this study, we screened a high-resolution BMP7 peptide library and discovered several overlapping peptide sequences from two regions in BMP7 with nanomolar bioactivity that attenuated the pathological OA chondrocyte phenotype. A single exposure of OA chondrocytes to peptides p[63-82] and p[113-132] ameliorated the OA chondrocyte phenotype for up to 8 days, and peptides were bioactive on chondrocytes in OA synovial fluid. Peptides p[63-82] and p[113-132] required NKX3-2 for their bioactivity on chondrocytes and provoke changes in SMAD signaling activity. The bioactivity of p[63-82] depended on specific evolutionary conserved sequence elements common to BMP family members. Intra-articular injection of a rat medial meniscal tear (MMT) model with peptide p[63-82] attenuated cartilage degeneration. Together, this study identified two regions in BMP7 from which bioactive peptides are able to attenuate the OA chondrocyte phenotype. These BMP7-derived peptides provide potential novel disease-modifying treatment options for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein M J Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen G J Ripmeester
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Guus van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nina K A P Wijnands
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica Steijns
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Don A M Surtel
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andy Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Emans
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk W van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
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18
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Tryfonidou MA, de Vries G, Hennink WE, Creemers LB. "Old Drugs, New Tricks" - Local controlled drug release systems for treatment of degenerative joint disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:170-185. [PMID: 33122086 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and chronic low back pain (CLBP) caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration are joint diseases that have become major causes for loss of quality of life worldwide. Despite the unmet need, effective treatments other than invasive, and often ineffective, surgery are lacking. Systemic administration of drugs entails suboptimal local drug exposure in the articular joint and IVD. This review provides an overview of the potency of biomaterial-based drug delivery systems as novel treatment modality, with a focus on the biological effects of drug release systems that have reached translation at the level of in vivo models and relevant ex vivo models. These studies have shown encouraging results of biomaterial-based local delivery of several types of drugs, mostly inhibitors of inflammatory cytokines or other degenerative factors. Prevention of inflammation and degeneration and pain relief was achieved, although mainly in small animal models, with interventions applied at an early disease stage. Less convincing data were obtained with the delivery of regenerative factors. Multidisciplinary efforts towards tackling the discord between in vitro and in vivo release, combined with adaptations in the regulatory landscape may be needed to enhance safe and expeditious introduction of more and more effective controlled release-based treatments with the OA and CLBP patients.
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19
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Mendes LF, Bosmans K, Van Hoven I, Viseu SR, Maréchal M, Luyten FP. Developmental engineering of living implants for deep osteochondral joint surface defects. Bone 2020; 139:115520. [PMID: 32622872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The repair of deep osteochondral joint surface defects represents a significant unmet clinical need. Importantly, untreated lesions lead to a high rate of osteoarthritis. The current strategies to repair these defects include osteochondral autograft transplantation or "sandwich" strategies combining bone autografts with autologous chondrocyte implantation, with poorly documented long-term outcomes. In this study, we first investigated the capacity of juvenile osteochondral grafts (OCGs) to repair osteochondral defects in skeletally mature rats. With this regenerative model in view, we produced a new biological, bilayered and scaffold-free Tissue Engineered construct (bTEC) for the repair of a deep osteochondral defect of the rat knee. METHODS Cylindrical OCGs were excised from the femoral intercondylar groove of the knee of skeletally immature rats (5 weeks) and transplanted into osteochondral defects created in skeletally mature rats (11 weeks). To create bTECs, micromasses (μMasses) of human periosteum-derived progenitor cells (hPDCs) and human articular chondrocytes (hACs) were produced in vitro using previously optimized chemically defined medium formulations containing growth and differentiation factors including bone morphogenetic proteins. These two μMass types were subsequently implanted as bilayered constructs into osteochondral defects in nude rats. At 4 and 16 weeks after surgery, the knees were collected and processed for subsequent 3D imaging analysis and histological evaluation. Micro-computed tomography (μCT), H&E, and Safranin O staining were used to evaluate the degree and quality of tissue repair. RESULTS The osteochondral unit of the knee joint in 5 weeks old rats exhibits an immature phenotype, displaying active subchondral bone formation through endochondral ossification and the absence of a tidemark. When transplanted into skeletally mature animals, the immature OCGs resumed their maturation process, i.e., formed new subchondral bone, established the tidemark, and maintained their Safranin O-positive hyaline cartilage at 16 weeks after transplantation. The bTECs (hPDCs + hACs) could partially recapitulate the biology as seen with the immature OCGs, including the formation of the joint surface architecture with typical zonation, ranging from non-mineralized hyaline cartilage in the superficial layers to a progressively mineralized matrix at the interface with a new subchondral bone plate. CONCLUSIONS Cell-based TE constructs mimicking immature OCGs and displaying a hierarchically organized structure comprising of different tissue forming units seem an attractive strategy to treat deep osteochondral defects of the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís F Mendes
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Bosmans
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Van Hoven
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samuel R Viseu
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina Maréchal
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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Dual Network Hydrogels Incorporated with Bone Morphogenic Protein-7-Loaded Hyaluronic Acid Complex Nanoparticles for Inducing Chondrogenic Differentiation of Synovium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070613. [PMID: 32630047 PMCID: PMC7407334 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate-poloxamer (ALG-POL) copolymer with optimal POL content was synthesized, and it was combined with silk fibroin (SF) for building ALG-POL/SF dual network hydrogels. Hyaluronic acid(HA)/chitosan-poly(dioxanone)(CH-PDO) complex nanoparticles (NPs) with optimized composition and high encapsulation efficiency were employed as a vehicle for loading bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7). BMP-7-loaded HA/CH-PDO NPs were incorporated into ALG-POL/SF hydrogel for constructing composite gels to achieve controlled release of BMP-7. These gels showed thermosensitive sol-gel transitions near physiological temperature and pH; and they were tested to be elastic, tough and strong. Some gels exhibited abilities to administer the BMP-7 release in nearly linear manners for a few weeks. Synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) were seeded into optimally fabricated gels for assessing their chondrogenic differentiation potency. Real-time PCR analyses showed that the blank ALG-POL/SF gels were not able to induce the chondrogenic differentiation of SMSCs, whereas SMSCs were detected to significantly express cartilage-related genes once they were seeded in the BMP-7-loaded ALG-POL/SF gel for two weeks. The synthesis of cartilaginous matrix components further confirmed that SMSCs seeded in the BMP-7-loaded ALG-POL/SF gel differentiated toward chondrogenesis. Results suggest that BMP-7-loaded ALG-POL/SF composite gels can function as a promising biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
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21
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Bone Morphogenetic Proteins for Nucleus Pulposus Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082720. [PMID: 32295299 PMCID: PMC7215319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix production by nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, the cells residing in the center of the intervertebral disc, can be stimulated by growth factors. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) hold great promise. Although BMP2 and BMP7 have been used most frequently, other BMPs have also shown potential for NP regeneration. Heterodimers may be more potent than single homodimers, but it is not known whether combinations of homodimers would perform equally well. In this study, we compared BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7, their combinations and heterodimers, for regeneration by human NP cells. The BMPs investigated induced variable matrix deposition by NP cells. BMP4 was the most potent, both in the final neotissue glysosaminoglycan content and incorporation efficiency. Heterodimers BMP2/6H and BMP2/7H were more potent than their respective homodimer combinations, but not the BMP4/7H heterodimer. The current results indicate that BMP4 might have a high potential for regeneration of the intervertebral disc. Moreover, the added value of BMP heterodimers over their respective homodimer BMP combinations depends on the BMP combination applied.
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22
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Chen Z, Wang C, You D, Zhao S, Zhu Z, Xu M. Platelet-rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19388. [PMID: 32176063 PMCID: PMC7220139 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis focuses on the controversial efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as compared with hyaluronic acid (HA) in the clinical treatment of knee osteoarthritis. We have attempted to provide an evidence-based medicine protocol for the conservative treatment of knee osteoarthritis. In addition, we included the latest relevant literature in this meta-analysis, and a staging study was conducted to compare the therapeutic effects of PRP and HA for knee osteoarthritis over different time periods. METHODS An online computer search with "platelet-rich plasma" and "knee osteoarthritis" as search terms was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. We conducted a quality assessment of the retrieved literature and extracted the following indicators: visual analog scale (VAS) score, subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and adverse events. RevMan5.3 software was used to determine the effect sizes, and indicators were compared across studies at three different time points from the administration of treatment. RESULTS A total of 14 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1350 patients were included. Long-term VAS, IKDC, WOMAC-Pain, WOMAC-Stiffness, WOMAC-Physical Function, and WOMAC-Total scores at each time point were higher in the PRP group than in the HA group. There were no significant differences in the remaining indicators between the two groups. CONCLUSION Compared with HA, PRP offers obvious advantages in the conservative treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Treatment with PRP can reduce long-term pain and improve knee joint function with no additional risks. Therefore, PRP can be widely used for the conservative treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehan Chen
- Department of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Di You
- Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Shishun Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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Pathomechanisms of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis: Chondrocyte Behavior and Fate in a Precarious Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051560. [PMID: 32106481 PMCID: PMC7084733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injuries of the knee joint result in a wide variety of pathomechanisms, which contribute to the development of so-called posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). These pathogenetic processes include oxidative stress, excessive expression of catabolic enzymes, release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and synovial inflammation. The present review focuses on the underlying pathomechanisms of PTOA and in particular the behavior and fate of the surviving chondrocytes, comprising chondrocyte metabolism, regulated cell death, and phenotypical changes comprising hypertrophy and senescence. Moreover, possible therapeutic strategies, such as chondroanabolic stimulation, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory treatment, as well as novel therapeutic targets are discussed.
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Sebastian A, Murugesh DK, Mendez ME, Hum NR, Rios-Arce ND, McCool JL, Christiansen BA, Loots GG. Global Gene Expression Analysis Identifies Age-Related Differences in Knee Joint Transcriptome during the Development of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010364. [PMID: 31935848 PMCID: PMC6982134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and injury are two major risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA). Yet, very little is known about how aging and injury interact and contribute to OA pathogenesis. In the present study, we examined age- and injury-related molecular changes in mouse knee joints that could contribute to OA. Using RNA-seq, first we profiled the knee joint transcriptome of 10-week-old, 62-week-old, and 95-week-old mice and found that the expression of several inflammatory-response related genes increased as a result of aging, whereas the expression of several genes involved in cartilage metabolism decreased with age. To determine how aging impacts post-traumatic arthritis (PTOA) development, the right knee joints of 10-week-old and 62-week-old mice were injured using a non-invasive tibial compression injury model and injury-induced structural and molecular changes were assessed. At six-week post-injury, 62-week-old mice displayed significantly more cartilage degeneration and osteophyte formation compared with young mice. Although both age groups elicited similar transcriptional responses to injury, 62-week-old mice had higher activation of inflammatory cytokines than 10-week-old mice, whereas cartilage/bone metabolism genes had higher expression in 10-week-old mice, suggesting that the differential expression of these genes might contribute to the differences in PTOA severity observed between these age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimy Sebastian
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (A.S.); (D.K.M.); (M.E.M.); (N.R.H.); (N.D.R.-A.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Deepa K. Murugesh
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (A.S.); (D.K.M.); (M.E.M.); (N.R.H.); (N.D.R.-A.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Melanie E. Mendez
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (A.S.); (D.K.M.); (M.E.M.); (N.R.H.); (N.D.R.-A.); (J.L.M.)
- Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Nicholas R. Hum
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (A.S.); (D.K.M.); (M.E.M.); (N.R.H.); (N.D.R.-A.); (J.L.M.)
- Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Naiomy D. Rios-Arce
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (A.S.); (D.K.M.); (M.E.M.); (N.R.H.); (N.D.R.-A.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Jillian L. McCool
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (A.S.); (D.K.M.); (M.E.M.); (N.R.H.); (N.D.R.-A.); (J.L.M.)
- Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | | | - Gabriela G. Loots
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (A.S.); (D.K.M.); (M.E.M.); (N.R.H.); (N.D.R.-A.); (J.L.M.)
- Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-925-423-0923
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25
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Apostu D, Lucaciu O, Mester A, Oltean-Dan D, Baciut M, Baciut G, Bran S, Onisor F, Piciu A, Pasca RD, Maxim A, Benea H. Systemic drugs with impact on osteoarthritis. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:498-523. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1687511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Apostu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ondine Lucaciu
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mester
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Oltean-Dan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Baciut
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grigore Baciut
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Bran
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin Onisor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andra Piciu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana D. Pasca
- Department of Biomolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Maxim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horea Benea
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Stuckensen K, Lamo-Espinosa JM, Muiños-López E, Ripalda-Cemboráin P, López-Martínez T, Iglesias E, Abizanda G, Andreu I, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Pons-Villanueva J, Elizalde R, Nickel J, Ewald A, Gbureck U, Prósper F, Groll J, Granero-Moltó F. Anisotropic Cryostructured Collagen Scaffolds for Efficient Delivery of RhBMP-2 and Enhanced Bone Regeneration. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12193105. [PMID: 31554158 PMCID: PMC6804013 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the treatment of bone non-unions, an alternative to bone autografts is the use of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), e.g., BMP–2, BMP–7, with powerful osteoinductive and osteogenic properties. In clinical settings, these osteogenic factors are applied using absorbable collagen sponges for local controlled delivery. Major side effects of this strategy are derived from the supraphysiological doses of BMPs needed, which may induce ectopic bone formation, chronic inflammation, and excessive bone resorption. In order to increase the efficiency of the delivered BMPs, we designed cryostructured collagen scaffolds functionalized with hydroxyapatite, mimicking the structure of cortical bone (aligned porosity, anisotropic) or trabecular bone (random distributed porosity, isotropic). We hypothesize that an anisotropic structure would enhance the osteoconductive properties of the scaffolds by increasing the regenerative performance of the provided rhBMP–2. In vitro, both scaffolds presented similar mechanical properties, rhBMP–2 retention and delivery capacity, as well as scaffold degradation time. In vivo, anisotropic scaffolds demonstrated better bone regeneration capabilities in a rat femoral critical-size defect model by increasing the defect bridging. In conclusion, anisotropic cryostructured collagen scaffolds improve bone regeneration by increasing the efficiency of rhBMP–2 mediated bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Stuckensen
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - José M Lamo-Espinosa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Emma Muiños-López
- Cell Therapy Area. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Purificación Ripalda-Cemboráin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Cell Therapy Area. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Elena Iglesias
- Cell Therapy Area. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria Abizanda
- Cell Therapy Area. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ion Andreu
- Department of Materials CEIT-TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Juan Pons-Villanueva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Reyes Elizalde
- Department of Materials CEIT-TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ewald
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Cell Therapy Area. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Haematology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Froilán Granero-Moltó
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Cell Therapy Area. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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27
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Shi S, Mercer S, Eckert GJ, Trippel SB. Regulation of articular chondrocyte catabolic genes by growth factor interaction. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11127-11139. [PMID: 30809855 PMCID: PMC6716380 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is characterized by a loss of articular cartilage homeostasis in which degradation exceeds formation. Several growth factors have been shown to promote cartilage formation by augmenting articular chondrocyte anabolic activity. This study tests the hypothesis that such growth factors also play an anticatabolic role. We transferred individual or combinations of the genes encoding insulin-like growth factor-I, bone morphogenetic protein-2, bone morphogenetic protein-7, transforming growth factor-β1, and fibroblast growth factor-2, into adult bovine articular chondrocytes and measured the expression of catabolic marker genes encoding A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 and -5, matrix metalloproteinases-3 and -13, and interleukin-6. When delivered individually, or in combination, these growth factor transgenes differentially regulated the direction, magnitude, and time course of expression of the catabolic marker genes. In concert, the growth factor transgenes regulated the marker genes in an interactive fashion that ranged from synergistic inhibition to synergistic stimulation. Synergistic stimulation prevailed over synergistic inhibition, reaching maxima of 15.2- and 2.7-fold, respectively. Neither the magnitude nor the time course of the effect of the transgene combinations could be predicted on the basis of the individual transgene effects. With few exceptions, the data contradict our hypothesis. The results demonstrate that growth factors that are traditionally viewed as chondrogenic tend also to promote catabolic gene expression. The competing actions of these potential therapeutic agents add an additional level of complexity to the selection of regulatory factors for restoring articular cartilage homeostasis or promoting repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiliang Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University
School of Medicine
| | - Scott Mercer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University
School of Medicine
| | - George J. Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of
Medicine
| | - Stephen B. Trippel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University
School of Medicine.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University
School of Medicine.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University
Purdue University Indianapolis,To whom correspondence should be addressed:
Stephen B. Trippel: Department of Orthopaedics, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; ; Tel. (317)
278-0085; Fax. (317) 274-3702
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28
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Pappa E, Papadopoulos S, Korou LM, Perrea DN, Pneumaticos S, Nikolaou VS. The role of intra-articular administration of Fetuin-A in post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis: an experimental study in a rat model. J Exp Orthop 2019; 6:25. [PMID: 31209645 PMCID: PMC6579801 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-019-0194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible attenuating role of the intra-articular administration of Fetuin-A in post-traumatic secondary osteoarthritis in rats, and also its effect on the systematic levels of interleukins (ILs)-2,4,7, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 2, 4, 7, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Fetuin-A. Methods Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were separated in two groups where post-traumatic osteoarthritis was induced surgically by Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and the transection of the Medial Collateral Ligament of the right knee. In the Control Group, only the surgical intervention took place. In Fetuin Group, along with the induction of osteoarthritis, a single dose of bovine fetuin was administrated intra-articularly, intra-operatively. Both groups were examined for 8 weeks. The levels of interleukins, bone morphogenetic proteins, Fetuin-A and C-Reactive Protein were evaluated by ELISA of peripheral blood in three time periods: preoperatively, 5 and 8 weeks post-operatively. Osteoarthritic lesions of the knee were classified according to the Osteoarthritis Research Society International Grading System and the Modified Mankin Score, by histologic examination. Results IL-2 levels were significantly decreased in the Fetuin Group. No statistical difference was signed on the levels of IL-7, BMP-2,4,7 and Fetuin-A between the two groups. CRP levels were significantly increased in the Fetuin Group in 5 weeks of the experiment. Fetuin Group signed better scores according to the OARSI classification system and Modified Mankin Score, without any statistical significance. Conclusions Intra-articular administration of Fetuin-A restrictively affected the progression of post-traumatic arthritis in rats, as only the levels of IL-2 were decreased as well as limited osteoarthritic lesions were observed on the Fetuin Group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pappa
- "KAT" General Hospital of Athens, Nikis 2, 14561, Kifisia, Greece.
| | - Savvas Papadopoulos
- Department of Pathology, "Hygeia" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Laskarina-Maria Korou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Research "N.S. Christeas", Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina N Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Research "N.S. Christeas", Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiridon Pneumaticos
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, KAT Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios S Nikolaou
- 2nd Department of Orthopaedics, Agia Olga Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Farokhi M, Mottaghitalab F, Fatahi Y, Saeb MR, Zarrintaj P, Kundu SC, Khademhosseini A. Silk fibroin scaffolds for common cartilage injuries: Possibilities for future clinical applications. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Intra-articular delivery of synovium-resident mesenchymal stem cells via BMP-7-loaded fibrous PLGA scaffolds for cartilage repair. J Control Release 2019; 302:169-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Excessive mechanical loading promotes osteoarthritis through the gremlin-1-NF-κB pathway. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1442. [PMID: 30926814 PMCID: PMC6441020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of articular cartilage to excessive mechanical loading is deeply involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Here, we identify gremlin-1 as a mechanical loading-inducible factor in chondrocytes, detected at high levels in middle and deep layers of cartilage after cyclic strain or hydrostatic pressure loading. Gremlin-1 activates nuclear factor-κB signalling, leading to subsequent induction of catabolic enzymes. In mice intra-articular administration of gremlin-1 antibody or chondrocyte-specific deletion of Gremlin-1 decelerates osteoarthritis development, while intra-articular administration of recombinant gremlin-1 exacerbates this process. Furthermore, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 activation induced by mechanical loading enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Amongst ROS-activating transcription factors, RelA/p65 induces Gremlin-1 transcription, which antagonizes induction of anabolic genes such as Sox9, Col2a1, and Acan by bone morphogenetic proteins. Thus, gremlin-1 plays essential roles in cartilage degeneration by excessive mechanical loading. Excessive mechanical stress promotes the development of osteoarthritis. Here Chang et al. identify gremlin-1 as a factor expressed in chondrocytes in response to mechanical stress, and contributing to osteoarthritis via activation of the NF-κB pathway.
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Govindaraj K, Hendriks J, Lidke DS, Karperien M, Post JN. Changes in Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) as an indicator of SOX9 transcription factor activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:107-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang W, Robertson WB, Zhao J, Chen W, Xu J. Emerging Trend in the Pharmacotherapy of Osteoarthritis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:431. [PMID: 31312184 PMCID: PMC6614338 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder and one of the most prevalent diseases among the elderly population. Due to the limited spontaneous healing capacity of articular cartilage, it still remains challenging to find satisfactory treatment for OA. This review covers the emerging trends of pharmacologic therapies for OA such as traditional OA drugs (acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), intra-articular injections of corticosteroids, and dietary supplements), which are effective in pain relief but not in reversing damage, and are frequently associated with adverse events. Alternatively, disease-modifying drugs provide promising alternatives for the management of OA. The development of these emerging OA therapeutic agents requires a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of OA progression. The process of cartilage anabolism/catabolism, subchondral bone remodeling and synovial inflammation are identified as potential targets. These emerging OA drugs such as bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), fibroblast growth factor-18 (FGF-18), human serum albumin (HSA), interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitor, β-Nerve growth factor (β-NGF) antibody, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) and inverse agonist of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) etc. have shown potential to modify progression of OA with minimal adverse effects. However, large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to investigate the safety and efficacy before translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - William Brett Robertson
- Australian Institute of Robotic Orthopaedics, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Chen
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Jiake Xu
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34
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Subbiah R, Guldberg RE. Materials Science and Design Principles of Growth Factor Delivery Systems in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801000. [PMID: 30398700 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors (GFs) are signaling molecules that direct cell development by providing biochemical cues for stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. GFs play a key role in tissue regeneration, but one major limitation of GF-based therapies is dosage-related adverse effects. Additionally, the clinical applications and efficacy of GFs are significantly affected by the efficiency of delivery systems and other pharmacokinetic factors. Hence, it is crucial to design delivery systems that provide optimal activity, stability, and tunable delivery for GFs. Understanding the physicochemical properties of the GFs and the biomaterials utilized for the development of biomimetic GF delivery systems is critical for GF-based regeneration. Many different delivery systems have been developed to achieve tunable delivery kinetics for single or multiple GFs. The identification of ideal biomaterials with tunable properties for spatiotemporal delivery of GFs is still challenging. This review characterizes the types, properties, and functions of GFs, the materials science of widely used biomaterials, and various GF loading strategies to comprehensively summarize the current delivery systems for tunable spatiotemporal delivery of GFs aimed for tissue regeneration applications. This review concludes by discussing fundamental design principles for GF delivery vehicles based on the interactive physicochemical properties of the proteins and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Subbiah
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact; 6231 University of Oregon; Eugene OR 97403 USA
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35
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Shi S, Wang C, Chan A, Kirmani K, Eckert GJ, Trippel SB. Comparative Effectiveness of Structural versus Regulatory Protein Gene Transfer on Articular Chondrocyte Matrix Gene Expression. Cartilage 2019; 10:102-110. [PMID: 28703018 PMCID: PMC6376561 DOI: 10.1177/1947603517719317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The production of extracellular matrix is a necessary component of articular cartilage repair. Gene transfer is a promising method to improve matrix biosynthesis by articular chondrocytes. Gene transfer may employ transgenes encoding regulatory factors that stimulate the production of matrix proteins, or may employ transgenes that encode the proteins themselves. The objective of this study was to determine which of these 2 approaches would be the better choice for further development. We compared these 2 approaches using the transgenes encoding the structural matrix proteins, aggrecan or type II collagen, and the transgene encoding the anabolic factor, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). METHODS We transfected adult bovine articular chondrocytes with constructs encoding type II collagen, aggrecan, or IGF-I, and measured the expression of type II collagen ( COL2A1) and aggrecan ( ACAN) from their native genes and from their transgenes. RESULTS IGF-I gene ( IGF1) transfer increased the expression of the native chondrocyte COL2A1 and ACAN genes 2.4 and 2.9 times control, respectively. COL2A1 gene transfer did not significantly increase COL2A1 transcripts, even when the transgene included the genomic COL2A1 regulatory sequences stimulated by chondrogenic growth factors. In contrast, ACAN gene transfer increased ACAN transcripts up to 3.4 times control levels. IGF1, but not ACAN, gene transfer increased aggrecan protein production. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that the type II collagen and aggrecan production required for articular cartilage repair will be more effectively achieved by genes that encode anabolic regulatory factors than by genes that encode the matrix molecules themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiliang Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Congrong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Albert Chan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kashif Kirmani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - George J. Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephen B. Trippel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Orthopaedic Surgery Service, Richard L.
Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Stephen B. Trippel, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1130 West Michigan
Street, Suite 115, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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36
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Mobasheri A. Future Cell and Gene Therapy for Osteoarthritis (OA): Potential for Using Mammalian Protein Production Platforms, Irradiated and Transfected Protein Packaging Cell Lines for Over-Production of Therapeutic Proteins and Growth Factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1247:17-31. [PMID: 31884529 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper I provide a personal perspective on future prospects for cell and gene therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) and how mammalian protein production platforms, virally transfected and irradiated protein packaging cell lines may be used as "cellular factories" for over-production of therapeutic proteins and growth factors, particularly in the context of intra-articular regenerative therapies. I will also speculate on future opportunities and challenges in this area of research and how new innovations in biotechnology will impact on the field of cell and gene therapy for OA, related osteoarticular disorders and the broader discipline of regenerative medicine for musculoskeletal disorders. Mammalian protein production platforms are likely to have a significant impact on synovial joint diseases that are amenable to cell and gene therapy using therapeutic proteins and growth factors. Future cell and gene therapy for OA will need to re-consider the current strategies that employ primary, aged and senescent cells with feeble regenerative properties and seriously consider the use of mammalian protein production platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania. .,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. .,Sheik Salem Bin Mahfouz Scientific Chair for Treatment of Osteoarthritis with Stem Cells, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Lee JH, Luo X, Ren X, Tan TC, Smith RAA, Swaminathan K, Sekar S, Bhakoo K, Nurcombe V, Hui JH, Cool SM. A Heparan Sulfate Device for the Regeneration of Osteochondral Defects. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 25:352-363. [PMID: 30351222 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Repairing damaged joint cartilage remains a significant challenge. Treatment involving microfracture, tissue grafting, or cell therapy provides some benefit, but seldom regenerates lost articular cartilage. Providing a point-of-care solution that is cell and tissue free has the potential to transform orthopedic treatment for such cases. Glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulfate (HS) are well suited for this purpose because they provide a matrix that enhances the prochondrogenic activities of growth factors normally found at sites of articular damage. In this study, we show the potential of a novel HS device, which is free of exogenous cells or growth factors, in regenerating osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Lee
- 1 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), Singapore.,2 Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xiaoman Luo
- 2 Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xiafei Ren
- 3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuan Chun Tan
- 2 Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- 2 Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Sakthivel Sekar
- 5 Translational Molecular Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kishore Bhakoo
- 5 Translational Molecular Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- 2 Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,6 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University-Imperial College, Singapore
| | - James H Hui
- 3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simon M Cool
- 2 Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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38
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Deng ZH, Li YS, Gao X, Lei GH, Huard J. Bone morphogenetic proteins for articular cartilage regeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1153-1161. [PMID: 29580979 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of articular cartilage (AC) tissue is the most common cause of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play important roles in bone and cartilage formation. This article reviews the experimental and clinical applications of BMPs in cartilage regeneration. Experimental evidence indicates that BMPs play an important role in protection against cartilage damage caused by inflammation or trauma, by binding to different receptor combinations and, consequently, activating different intracellular signaling pathways. Loss of function of BMP-related receptors contributes to the decreased intrinsic repair capacity of damaged cartilage and, thus, the multifunctional effects of BMPs make them attractive tools for the treatment of cartilage damage in patients with degenerative diseases. However, the development of BMP therapy as a treatment modality for cartilage regeneration has been hampered by certain factors, such as the eligibility of participants in clinical trials, financial support, drug delivery carrier safety, availabilities of effective scaffolds, appropriate selection of optimal dose and timing of administration, and side effects. Further research is needed to overcome these issues for future routine clinical applications. Research and development leading to the successful application of BMPs can initiate a new era in the treatment of cartilage degenerative diseases like OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Y S Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - X Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; The Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - G H Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - J Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; The Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA.
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Goepfert C, Lutz V, Lünse S, Kittel S, Wiegandt K, Kammal M, Püschel K, Pörtner R. Evaluation of Cartilage Specific Matrix Synthesis of Human Articular Chondrocytes after Extended Propagation on Microcarriers by Image Analysis. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139881003300405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Cell-based technologies for the repair of cartilage defects usually rely on the expansion of low numbers of chondrocytes isolated from biopsies of healthy cartilage. Proliferating chondrocytes are known to undergo dedifferentiation characterized by downregulation of collagen type II and proteoglycan production, and by upregulation of collagen type I synthesis. Re-expression of cartilage specific matrix components by expanded chondrocytes is therefore critical for successful cartilage repair. Methods Human articular chondrocytes were expanded on microcarriers Cytodex 3. The growth area was increased by adding empty microcarriers. Added microcarriers were colonized by bead-to-bead transfer of the cells. The chondrocytes were harvested from the microcarriers and characterized by their ability to synthesize collagen type II when cultivated in alginate beads using chondrogenic growth factors. A semi-automatic image analysis technique was developed to determine the fractions of collagen type II and type I positive cells. Results The expansion of human articular chondrocytes on microcarriers yielded high cell numbers and propagation rates compared to chondrocytes expanded in flask culture for one passage. The proportion of collagen type II positive cells compared to collagen type I synthesizing cells was increased compared to chondrocytes expanded using conventional methods. The matrix synthesis upon treatment with chondrogenic factors IGF-I and BMP-7 was enhanced whereas TGF-β had an inhibitory effect on microcarrier expanded chondrocytes. Conclusions Expanding human articular chondrocytes on microcarriers omitting subcultivation steps leads to superior ratios of collagen type II to type I forming cells compared to the expansion in conventional monolayer culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Goepfert
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg - Germany
| | - Vivien Lutz
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg - Germany
| | - Svenja Lünse
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg - Germany
| | - Sabrina Kittel
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg - Germany
| | - Katharina Wiegandt
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg - Germany
| | - Michael Kammal
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Legal Medicine, Hamburg - Germany
| | - Klaus Püschel
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Legal Medicine, Hamburg - Germany
| | - Ralf Pörtner
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg - Germany
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40
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Varela-Eirin M, Loureiro J, Fonseca E, Corrochano S, Caeiro JR, Collado M, Mayan MD. Cartilage regeneration and ageing: Targeting cellular plasticity in osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 42:56-71. [PMID: 29258883 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ageing processes play a major contributing role for the development of Osteoarthritis (OA). This prototypic degenerative condition of ageing is the most common form of arthritis and is accompanied by a general decline, chronic pain and mobility deficits. The disease is primarily characterized by articular cartilage degradation, followed by subchondral bone thickening, osteophyte formation, synovial inflammation and joint degeneration. In the early stages, osteoarthritic chondrocytes undergo phenotypic changes that increase cell proliferation and cluster formation and enhance the production of matrix-remodelling enzymes. In fact, chondrocytes exhibit differentiation plasticity and undergo phenotypic changes during the healing process. Current studies are focusing on unravelling whether OA is a consequence of an abnormal wound healing response. Recent investigations suggest that alterations in different proteins, such as TGF-ß/BMPs, NF-Kß, Wnt, and Cx43, or SASP factors involved in signalling pathways in wound healing response, could be directly implicated in the initiation of OA. Several findings suggest that osteoarthritic chondrocytes remain in an immature state expressing stemness-associated cell surface markers. In fact, the efficacy of new disease-modifying OA drugs that promote chondrogenic differentiation in animal models indicates that this may be a drug-sensible state. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge regarding cellular plasticity in chondrocytes and OA. A better comprehension of the mechanisms involved in these processes may enable us to understand the molecular pathways that promote abnormal repair and cartilage degradation in OA. This understanding would be advantageous in identifying novel targets and designing therapies to promote effective cartilage repair and successful joint ageing by preventing functional limitations and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Varela-Eirin
- CellCOM research group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Xubias de Arriba, 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jesus Loureiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fonseca
- CellCOM research group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Xubias de Arriba, 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Jose R Caeiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Collado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria D Mayan
- CellCOM research group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Xubias de Arriba, 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain.
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Native tissue-based strategies for meniscus repair and regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:337-350. [PMID: 29397425 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Meniscus injuries appear to be becoming increasingly common and pose a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. However, there is no curative approach for dealing with defects in the inner meniscus region due to its avascular nature. Numerous strategies have been applied to regenerate and repair meniscus defects and native tissue-based strategies have received much attention. Native tissue usually has good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties and a suitable microenvironment for cellular growth, adhesion, redifferentiation, extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling. Classically, native tissue-based strategies for meniscus repair and regeneration are divided into autogenous and heterogeneous tissue transplantation. Autogenous tissue transplantation is performed more widely than heterogeneous tissue transplantation because there is no immunological rejection and the success rates are higher. This review first discusses the native meniscus structure and function and then focuses on the use of the autogenous tissue for meniscus repair and regeneration. Finally, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of heterogeneous tissue transplantation. We hope that this review provides some suggestions for the future design of meniscus repair and regeneration strategies.
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42
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Biochemical Stimulus-Based Strategies for Meniscus Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8472309. [PMID: 29581987 PMCID: PMC5822894 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8472309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Meniscus injuries are very common and still pose a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. Meniscus injuries in the inner two-thirds of the meniscus remain incurable. Tissue-engineered meniscus strategies seem to offer a new approach for treating meniscus injuries with a combination of seed cells, scaffolds, and biochemical or biomechanical stimulation. Cell- or scaffold-based strategies play a pivotal role in meniscus regeneration. Similarly, biochemical and biomechanical stimulation are also important. Seed cells and scaffolds can be used to construct a tissue-engineered tissue; however, stimulation to enhance tissue maturation and remodeling is still needed. Such stimulation can be biomechanical or biochemical, but this review focuses only on biochemical stimulation. Growth factors (GFs) are one of the most important forms of biochemical stimulation. Frequently used GFs always play a critical role in normal limb development and growth. Further understanding of the functional mechanism of GFs will help scientists to design the best therapy strategies. In this review, we summarize some of the most important GFs in tissue-engineered menisci, as well as other types of biological stimulation.
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Critchley SE, Eswaramoorthy R, Kelly DJ. Low‐oxygen conditions promote synergistic increases in chondrogenesis during co‐culture of human osteoarthritic stem cells and chondrocytes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1074-1084. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Critchley
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of EngineeringTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of EngineeringTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of EngineeringTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of AnatomyRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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Bone Tissue Engineering Strategies in Co-Delivery of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Biochemical Signaling Factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1078:233-244. [PMID: 30357626 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0950-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Administration of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is commercially approved by the food and drug administration to damaged bone sites has been investigated for the purpose of bone tissue regeneration. BMP-2 can promote osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells as well as regeneration of bone formation in early phase. This review highlights various factors such as vitamin D, dexamethasone, platelet-derived growth factor, placental growth factor, BMP-7, and NEL-like protein-1 that enhance and stimulate angiogenesis, cell differentiation, and bone regeneration. These biochemical signals and growth factors (GFs) accelerate bone repair and remodeling either synergistically or individually. Delivery systems and scaffolds are used for sustained release of these cargo molecules and support at damaged bone sites. Compared with direct administration of BMP-2, current studies have demonstrated that a combination of multiple GFs and/or therapeutic chemical factors with delivery platforms synergistically facilitates bone regeneration. Therefore, in the future, multiple combinations of various GFs, chemicals, and materials could provide patients and surgeons with non-invasive treatment options without secondary surgery and pain. To the end, this review summarizes the biological functions and synergistic effects of dual administration modalities involving BMP-2 as well as recent developments in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Riegger J, Joos H, Palm HG, Friemert B, Reichel H, Ignatius A, Brenner RE. Striking a new path in reducing cartilage breakdown: combination of antioxidative therapy and chondroanabolic stimulation after blunt cartilage trauma. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:77-88. [PMID: 28834244 PMCID: PMC5742720 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage injury can trigger crucial pathomechanisms, including excessive cell death and expression of matrix‐destructive enzymes, which contribute to the progression of a post‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). With the intent to create a novel treatment strategy for alleviating trauma‐induced cartilage damage, we complemented a promising antioxidative approach based on cell and chondroprotective N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) by chondroanabolic stimulation. Overall, three potential pro‐anabolic growth factors – IGF‐1, BMP7 and FGF18 – were tested comparatively with and without NAC in an ex vivo human cartilage trauma‐model. For that purpose, full‐thickness cartilage explants were subjected to a defined impact (0.59 J) and subsequently treated with the substances. Efficacy of the therapeutic approaches was evaluated by cell viability, as well as various catabolic and anabolic biomarkers, representing the present matrix turnover. Although monotherapy with NAC, FGF18 or BMP7 significantly prevented trauma‐induced cell dead and breakdown of type II collagen, combination of NAC and one of the growth factors did not yield significant benefit as compared to NAC alone. IGF‐1, which possessed only moderate cell protective and no chondroprotective qualities after cartilage trauma, even reduced NAC‐mediated cell and chondroprotection. Despite significant promotion of type II collagen expression by IGF‐1 and BMP7, addition of NAC completely suppressed this chondroanabolic effect. All in all, NAC and BMP7 emerged as best combination. As our findings indicate limited benefits of the simultaneous multidirectional therapy, a sequential application might circumvent adverse interferences, such as suppression of type II collagen biosynthesis, which was found to be reversed 7 days after NAC withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Riegger
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Helga Joos
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Palm
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benedikt Friemert
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Reichel
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rolf E Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Vayas R, Reyes R, Rodríguez-Évora M, Del Rosario C, Delgado A, Évora C. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a bMSC and BMP-2 polymeric trilayer system in cartilage repair. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:045001. [PMID: 28675146 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa6f1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) tri-layer scaffold is proposed for cartilage repair. The trilayer system consists of a base layer formed by a tablet of PLGA microspheres, a second layer composed of a microsphere suspension placed on top of the tablet, and the third layer, which constitutes an external electrospun PLGA thin polymeric membrane. Combinations of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) encapsulated in the microspheres of the suspension layer, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMSC) seeded on the electrospun membrane, are evaluated by histologic analyses and immunohistochemistry in a critical size osteochondral defect in rabbits. Five experimental groups, including a control group (empty defect), a blank group (blank scaffold), a bMSC treated group, two groups treated with 2.5 μg or 8.5 μg of BMP-2 and another two groups implanted with bMSC-BMP-2 combination are evaluated. The repair area increases throughout the experimental time (24 weeks). The repair observed in the treated groups is statistically higher than in control and blank groups. However, the bMSC-BMP-2 combination does not enhance the BMP-2 response. In conclusion, BMP-2 and bMSC repaired effectively the osteochondral defect in the rabbits. The bMSC-BMP-2 combination did not produce synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vayas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38200 La Laguna, Spain. Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Ntra. Sra. de Candelaria, E-38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Pappa E, Perrea DS, Pneumaticos S, Nikolaou VS. Role of fetuin A in the diagnosis and treatment of joint arthritis. World J Orthop 2017; 8:461-464. [PMID: 28660137 PMCID: PMC5478488 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i6.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a slowly progressive disease which includes the intervention of several cytokines, macrophage metalleinoproteinases reaction, leading to the degradation of the local cartilage but also having an impact on the serum acute phase proteins (APPs). Subsequently, biomarkers seem to be essential to estimate its progression and the need for any surgical intervention such as total arthroplasty, but also can be used as therapeutic agents. Recently, among APPs, fetuin A drew attention regarding its possible anti-inflammatory role in animal models but also as a therapeutic agent in the inflammatory joint disease in clinical trials. In contrast with other APPs such as C-reactive protein, fetuin A appears to be lower in the serum of patients with degenerative joint disease in comparison with the healthy ones, and also acts as an antagonist of the anti-proliferative potential of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) cytokines. Because of its lower serum levels in arthritis, an unregulated binding of TGF-β and bone morphogenetic proteins takes place leading to further arthritic lesions. The purpose of the present review is to assess the current evidence regarding the multipotent role of the alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein or as also known Fetuin-a in animal models but also as a biomarker of the degenerative joint arthritis in clinical trials.
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Iijima H, Ito A, Nagai M, Tajino J, Yamaguchi S, Kiyan W, Nakahata A, Zhang J, Wang T, Aoyama T, Nishitani K, Kuroki H. Physiological exercise loading suppresses post-traumatic osteoarthritis progression via an increase in bone morphogenetic proteins expression in an experimental rat knee model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:964-975. [PMID: 27965139 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dose-response relationship of exercise loading in the cartilage-subchondral bone (SB) unit in surgically-induced post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the knee. DESIGN Destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) surgery was performed on the right knee of 12-week-old male Wistar rats, and sham surgery was performed on the contralateral knee. Four weeks after the surgery, the animals were subjected to moderate (12 m/min) or intense (21 m/min) treadmill exercises for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. PTOA development in articular cartilage and SB was examined using histological and immunohistochemical analyses, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, and biomechanical testing at 8 weeks after surgery. Gremlin-1 was injected to determine the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling on PTOA development following moderate exercise. RESULTS Moderate exercise increased BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6, BMP receptor 2, pSmad-5, and inhibitor of DNA binding protein-1 expression in the superficial zone chondrocytes and suppressed cartilage degeneration, osteophyte growth, SB damage, and osteoclast-mediated SB resorption. However, intense exercise had little effect on BMP expression and even caused progression of these osteoarthritis (OA) changes. Gremlin-1 injection following moderate exercise caused progression of the PTOA development down to the level of the non-exercise DMM-operated knee. CONCLUSIONS Exercise regulated cartilage-SB PTOA development in DMM-operated knees in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings shed light on the important role of BMP expression in superficial zone chondrocytes in attenuation of PTOA development following physiological exercise loading. Further studies to support a mechanism by which BMPs would be beneficial in preventing PTOA progression are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Iijima
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - A Ito
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - M Nagai
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - J Tajino
- Department of Development and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - S Yamaguchi
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - W Kiyan
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - A Nakahata
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - T Wang
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - T Aoyama
- Department of Development and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - K Nishitani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - H Kuroki
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Ma Q, Feng W, Zhuang Z, Liu S. Cloning, expression profiling and promoter functional analysis of Bone morphogenetic protein 6 and 7 in tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:435-454. [PMID: 28013423 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play crucial roles in vertebrate developmental process and are associated with the mechanisms which drive early skeletal development. As a first approach to elucidating the role of BMPs in regulating fish bone formation and growth, we describe the cloning, expression profiling and promoter functional analysis of bmp6 and bmp7 in tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). The full length of bmp6 and bmp7 cDNA sequences is 1939 and 1836 bp, which encodes a protein of 428 and 427 amino acids, respectively. Tissue expression distribution of bmp6 and bmp7 was examined in 14 tissues of mature individuals by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results revealed that bmp6 was predominantly expressed in the gonad, and bmp7 exhibited the highest expression level in the dorsal fin. Further comparison of bmp6 expression levels between female and male gonads showed that the expression in the ovary was significantly higher than in the testis. Moreover, bmp6 and bmp7 expression levels were detected at 15 sampling time points of early developmental stages (egg, larva, juvenile and fingerling stages). The highest expression level of bmp6 was observed in the egg stage (multi-cell and gastrula stage); while bmp7 exhibited the highest expression in the larva stage (1-4 days old). The high expression levels of BMP6 in the ovary as well as at early embryonic stages indicated that the maternally stored transcripts of bmp6 might play a role in early embryonic development. Whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that bmp6 and bmp7 exhibited similar spatial expression patterns. Both bmp6 and bmp7 signals were first detected in the head and anterior regions in newly hatched larvae, and then, the mRNAs appeared in the crown-like larval fin, jaw, operculum and fins (pectoral, dorsal, pelvic and anal) along with early development. Subsequently, we characterized the 5'-flanking regions of bmp6 and bmp7 by testing the promoter activity by luciferase reporter assays. Positive regulatory regions were, respectively, detected at the location of -272 to +28 and -740 to -396 in bmp6 and bmp7 gene. The predicted transcription factor binding sites (CREB, AP1 and methyl-CpG-binding protein) in the regions might participate in the transcriptional regulation of these two genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Wenrong Feng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhuang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Function Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China.
| | - Shufang Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
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50
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Cole BJ, Karas V, Hussey K, Pilz K, Fortier LA, Fortier LA. Hyaluronic Acid Versus Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Prospective, Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Clinical Outcomes and Effects on Intra-articular Biology for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:339-346. [PMID: 28146403 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516665809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) has demonstrated mixed clinical outcomes in randomized controlled trials when compared with hyaluronic acid (HA), an accepted nonsurgical treatment for symptomatic OA. Biological analysis of PRP has demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect on the intra-articular environment. PURPOSE To compare the clinical and biological effects of an intra-articular injection of PRP with those of an intra-articular injection of HA in patients with mild to moderate knee OA. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS A total of 111 patients with symptomatic unilateral knee OA received a series of either leukocyte-poor PRP or HA injections under ultrasound guidance. Clinical data were collected before treatment and at 4 time points across a 1-year period. Synovial fluid was also collected for analysis of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers before treatment and at 12 and 24 weeks after treatment. Several measures were used to assess results: (1) Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale; (2) International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee evaluation, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and Lysholm knee score; and (3) difference in intra-articular biochemical marker concentrations. RESULTS There were 49 patients randomized to treatment with PRP and 50 randomized to treatment with HA. No difference was seen between the groups in the primary outcome measure (WOMAC pain score). In the secondary outcome measure, linear contrasts identified a significantly higher IKDC score in the PRP group compared with the HA group at 24 weeks (mean ± standard error [SE], 65.5 ± 3.6 vs 55.8 ± 3.8, respectively; P = .013) and at final follow-up (52 weeks) (57.6 ± 3.37 vs 46.6 ± 3.76, respectively; P = .003). Linear contrasts also identified a statistically lower VAS score in the PRP group versus the HA group at 24 weeks (mean ± SE, 34.6 ± 3.24 vs 48.6 ± 3.7, respectively; P = .0096) and 52 weeks (44 ± 4.6 vs 57.3 ± 3.8, respectively; P = .0039). An examination of fixed effects showed that patients with mild OA and a lower body mass index had a statistically significant improvement in outcomes. In the biochemical analysis, differences between groups approached significance for interleukin-1β (mean ± SE, 0.14 ± 0.05 pg/mL [PRP] vs 0.34 ± 0.16 pg/mL [HA]; P = .06) and tumor necrosis factor α (0.08 ± 0.01 pg/mL [PRP] vs 0.2 ± 0.18 pg/mL [HA]; P = .068) at 12-week follow-up. CONCLUSION We found no difference between HA and PRP at any time point in the primary outcome measure: the patient-reported WOMAC pain score. Significant improvements were seen in other patient-reported outcome measures, with results favoring PRP over HA. Preceding a significant difference in subjective outcomes favoring PRP, there was a trend toward a decrease in 2 proinflammatory cytokines, which suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of PRP may contribute to an improvement of symptoms. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02588872).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Cole
- Department of Orthopedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Rush Oak Park Hospital, Oak Park, Illinois, USA.,Cartilage Restoration Center, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Chicago Bulls, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Chicago White Sox, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vasili Karas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristen Hussey
- Department of Orthopedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kyle Pilz
- Department of Orthopedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Chicago White Sox, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa A Fortier
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Lisa A. Fortier
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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