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Paiola M, Dimitrakopoulou D, Pavelka MS, Robert J. Amphibians as a model to study the role of immune cell heterogeneity in host and mycobacterial interactions. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104594. [PMID: 36403788 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections represent major concerns for aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates including humans. Although our current knowledge is mostly restricted to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and mammalian host interactions, increasing evidence suggests common features in endo- and ectothermic animals infected with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) like those described for M. tuberculosis. Importantly, most of the pathogenic and non-pathogenic NTMs detected in amphibians from wild, farmed, and research facilities represent, in addition to the potential economic loss, a rising concern for human health. Upon mycobacterial infection in mammals, the protective immune responses involving the innate and adaptive immune systems are highly complex and therefore not fully understood. This complexity results from the versatility and resilience of mycobacteria to hostile conditions as well as from the immune cell heterogeneity arising from the distinct developmental origins according with the concept of layered immunity. Similar to the differing responses of neonates versus adults during tuberculosis development, the pathogenesis and inflammatory responses are stage-specific in Xenopus laevis during infection by the NTM M. marinum. That is, both in human fetal and neonatal development and in tadpole development, responses are characterized by hypo-responsiveness and a lower capacity to contain mycobacterial infections. Similar to a mammalian fetus and neonates, T cells and myeloid cells in Xenopus tadpoles and axolotls are different from the adult immune cells. Fetal and amphibian larval T cells, which are characterized by a lower T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity, are biased toward regulatory function, and they have distinct progenitor origins from those of the adult immune cells. Some early developing T cells and likely macrophage subpopulations are conserved in adult anurans and mammals, and therefore, they likely play an important role in the host-pathogen interactions from early stages of development to adulthood. Thus, we propose the use of developing amphibians, which have the advantage of being free-living early in their development, as an alternative and complementary model to study the role of immune cell heterogeneity in host-mycobacteria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Paiola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Dionysia Dimitrakopoulou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Martin S Pavelka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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García-Serna AM, Martín-Orozco E, Jiménez-Guerrero P, Hernández-Caselles T, Pérez-Fernández V, Cantero-Cano E, Muñoz-García M, Molina-Ruano MD, Rojo-Atenza E, García-Marcos L, Morales E, Garcia‐Marcos L, Gimenez‐Banon MJ, Martinez‐Torres A, Morales E, Perez‐Fernandez V, Sanchez‐Solis M, Nieto A, Prieto‐Sanchez MT, Sanchez‐Ferrer M, Fernanez‐Palacios L, Gomez‐Gomez VP, Martinez‐Gracia C, Peso‐Echarri P, Ros‐Berruezo G, Santaella‐Pacual M, Gazquez A, Larque E, Pastor‐Fajardo MT, Sanchez‐Campillo M, Serrano‐Munuera A, Zornoza‐Moreno M, Jimenez‐Guerrero P, Adomnei E, Arense‐Gonzalo JJ, Mendiola J, Navarro‐Lafuente F, Torres‐Cantero AM, Salvador‐Garcia C, Segovia‐Hernández M, Yagüe‐Guirao G, Valero‐Guillén PL, Aviles‐Plaza FV, Cabezas‐Herrera J, Martinez‐Lopez A, Martinez‐Villanueva M, Noguera‐Velasco JA, Franco‐Garcia A, Garcia‐Serna AM, Hernandez‐Caselles T, Martin‐Orozco E, Norte‐Muñoz M, Canovas M, Cantero‐Cano E, de Diego T, Pastor JM, Sola‐Martínez RA, Esteban‐Gil A, Fernández‐Breis JT, Alcántara MV, Hernández S, López‐Soler C. Cytokine profiles in cord blood in relation to prenatal traffic-related air pollution: The NELA cohort. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13732. [PMID: 35212052 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outdoor air pollution may disturb immune system development. We investigated whether gestational exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) is associated with unstimulated cytokine profiles in newborns. METHODS Data come from 235 newborns of the NELA cohort. Innate response-related cytokines (IL-6, IFN-α, IL1-β, and TNF-α), Th1-related (IFN-γ and IL-2), Th2-related (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), Th17-related (IL-17 and IL-23), and immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10 were quantified in the supernatant of unstimulated whole umbilical cord blood cells after 7 days of culture using the Luminex technology. Dispersion/chemical transport modeling was used to estimate long-term (whole pregnancy and trimesters) and short-term (15 days before delivery) residential exposures to traffic-related nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10 ), and ozone (O3 ). We fitted multivariable logistic regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models. RESULTS NO2 during the whole pregnancy increased the odds of detection of IL-1β (OR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.02, 1.85) and IL-6 (OR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.32; 95% CI 1.00, 1.75). Increased odds of detected concentrations of IL-10 was found in newborns exposed during whole pregnancy to higher levels of NO2 (OR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.30; 95% CI 0.99, 1.69), PM10 (OR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.49; 95% CI 0.95, 2.33), and PM2.5 (OR per 5 µg/m3 increase = 1.56; 95% CI 0.97, 2.51). Exposure to O3 during the whole pregnancy increased the odds of detected IL-13 (OR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.22; 95% CI 1.01, 1.49). WQS model revealed first and third trimesters of gestation as windows of higher susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Gestational exposure to TRAP may increase detection of pro-inflammatory, Th2-related, and T regulatory cytokines in newborns. These changes might influence immune system responses later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara M García-Serna
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-Orozco
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Network of Asthma and Adverse and Allergic Reactions (ARADyAL), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Regional Atmospheric Modelling Group, Department of Physics, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Trinidad Hernández-Caselles
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Network of Asthma and Adverse and Allergic Reactions (ARADyAL), Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Pérez-Fernández
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - María Dolores Molina-Ruano
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Encarna Rojo-Atenza
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis García-Marcos
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Network of Asthma and Adverse and Allergic Reactions (ARADyAL), Madrid, Spain.,Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Units, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Children's Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Morales
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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3
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Parker EL, Silverstein RB, Mysorekar IU. Bacteria make T cell memories in utero. Cell 2021; 184:3356-3357. [PMID: 34171317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Education of the human immune system begins in utero via T cell activation and memory development. However, whether part of the education is provided by exposure to microbes in utero remains controversial and unclear. In this issue of Cell, Mishra et al. provide new evidence that the fetal gut may be colonized by bacteria that prime T cell memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine L Parker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel B Silverstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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4
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Dhariwala MO, Karthikeyan D, Vasquez KS, Farhat S, Weckel A, Taravati K, Leitner EG, Clancy S, Pauli M, Piper ML, Cohen JN, Ashouri JF, Lowe MM, Rosenblum MD, Scharschmidt TC. Developing Human Skin Contains Lymphocytes Demonstrating a Memory Signature. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100132. [PMID: 33294857 PMCID: PMC7691438 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes in barrier tissues play critical roles in host defense and homeostasis. These cells take up residence in tissues during defined developmental windows, when they may demonstrate distinct phenotypes and functions. Here, we utilized mass and flow cytometry to elucidate early features of human skin immunity. Although most conventional αβ T (Tconv) cells in fetal skin have a naive, proliferative phenotype, a subset of CD4+ Tconv and CD8+ cells demonstrate memory-like features and a propensity for interferon (IFN)γ production. Skin regulatory T cells dynamically accumulate over the second trimester in temporal and regional association with hair follicle development. These fetal skin regulatory T cells (Tregs) demonstrate an effector memory phenotype while differing from their adult counterparts in expression of key effector molecules. Thus, we identify features of prenatal skin lymphocytes that may have key implications for understanding antigen and allergen encounters in utero and in infancy. CyTOF reveals a complex lymphocyte landscape in developing human skin Developing skin contains CD45RO+ conventional T cells with propensity to produce IFNγ Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in skin before birth display effector memory properties Skin Tregs increase in conjunction with initial hair follicle morphogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Miqdad O Dhariwala
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dhuvarakesh Karthikeyan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kimberly S Vasquez
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sepideh Farhat
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Antonin Weckel
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Keyon Taravati
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Leitner
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sean Clancy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mariela Pauli
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Merisa L Piper
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jarish N Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Judith F Ashouri
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Margaret M Lowe
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tiffany C Scharschmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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5
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Vannella KM, Stein S, Connelly M, Swerczek J, Amaro-Carambot E, Coyle EM, Babyak A, Winkler CW, Saturday G, Gai ND, Hammoud DA, Dowd KA, Valencia LP, Ramos-Benitez MJ, Kindrachuk J, Pierson TC, Peterson KE, Brenchley JM, Whitehead SS, Khurana S, Herbert R, Chertow DS. Nonhuman primates exposed to Zika virus in utero are not protected against reinfection at 1 year postpartum. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaaz4997. [PMID: 33115950 PMCID: PMC11256112 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz4997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is limited information about the impact of Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure in utero on the anti-ZIKV immune responses of offspring. We infected six rhesus macaque dams with ZIKV early or late in pregnancy and studied four of their offspring over the course of a year postpartum. Despite evidence of ZIKV exposure in utero, we observed no structural brain abnormalities in the offspring. We detected infant-derived ZIKV-specific immunoglobulin A antibody responses and T cell memory responses during the first year postpartum in the two offspring born to dams infected with ZIKV early in pregnancy. Critically, although the infants had acquired some immunological memory of ZIKV, it was not sufficient to protect them against reinfection with ZIKV at 1 year postpartum. The four offspring reexposed to ZIKV at 1 year postpartum all survived but exhibited acute viremia and viral tropism to lymphoid tissues; three of four reexposed offspring exhibited spinal cord pathology. These data suggest that macaque infants born to dams infected with ZIKV during pregnancy remain susceptible to postnatal infection and consequent neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Vannella
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sydney Stein
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Connelly
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joanna Swerczek
- Experimental Primate Virology Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, MD 20837, USA
| | - Emerito Amaro-Carambot
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Coyle
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Ashley Babyak
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clayton W Winkler
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Neville D Gai
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dima A Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luis Perez Valencia
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marcos J Ramos-Benitez
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karin E Peterson
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Jason M Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steve S Whitehead
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Richard Herbert
- Experimental Primate Virology Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, MD 20837, USA
| | - Daniel S Chertow
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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6
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Saso A, Kampmann B. Maternal Immunization: Nature Meets Nurture. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1499. [PMID: 32849319 PMCID: PMC7396522 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinating women in pregnancy (i.e., maternal immunization) has emerged as a promising tool to tackle infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. This approach nurtures a 'gift of nature,' whereby antibody is transferred from mother to fetus transplacentally during pregnancy, or postnatally in breast milk, thereby providing passive, antigen-specific protection against infections in the first few months of life, a period of increased immune vulnerability for the infant. In this review, we briefly summarize the rationale for maternal immunization programs and the landscape of vaccines currently in use or in the pipeline. We then direct the focus to the underlying biological phenomena, including the main mechanisms by which maternally derived antibody is transferred efficiently to the infant, at the placental interface or in breast milk; important research models and methodological approaches to interrogate these processes, particularly in the context of recent advances in systems vaccinology; the potential biological and clinical impact of high maternal antibody titres on neonatal ontogeny and subsequent infant vaccine responses; and key vaccine- and host-related factors influencing the maternal-infant dyad across different environments. Finally, we outline important gaps in knowledge and suggest future avenues of research on this topic, proposing potential strategies to ensure optimal testing, delivery and implementation of maternal vaccination programs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Saso
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, Banjul, Gambia
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7
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Qazi KR, Bach Jensen G, van der Heiden M, Björkander S, Holmlund U, Haileselassie Y, Kokkinou E, Marchini G, Jenmalm MC, Abrahamsson T, Sverremark-Ekström E. Extremely Preterm Infants Have Significant Alterations in Their Conventional T Cell Compartment during the First Weeks of Life. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:68-77. [PMID: 31801814 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Extremely preterm neonates are particularly susceptible to infections, likely because of severely impaired immune function. However, little is known on the composition of the T cell compartment in early life in this vulnerable population. We conducted a comprehensive phenotypic flow cytometry-based longitudinal analysis of the peripheral conventional T cell compartment of human extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGAN) with extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) participating in a randomized placebo-controlled study of probiotic supplementation. PBMCs from ELGAN/ELBW neonates were collected at day 14, day 28, and postmenstrual week 36. Comparisons were made with full-term 14-d-old neonates. Total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequencies were markedly lower in the preterm neonates. The reduction was more pronounced among the CD8+ population, resulting in an increased CD4/CD8 ratio. The preterm infants were also more Th2 skewed than the full-term infants. Although the frequency of regulatory T cells seemed normal in the ELGAN/ELBW preterm neonates, their expression of the homing receptors α4β7, CCR4, and CCR9 was altered. Notably, ELGAN/ELBW infants developing necrotizing enterocolitis before day 14 had higher expression of CCR9 in CD4+T cells at day 14. Chorioamnionitis clearly associated with reduced T regulatory cell frequencies and functional characteristics within the preterm group. Finally, probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri did not impose any phenotypic changes of the conventional T cell compartment. In conclusion, notable immaturities of the T cell compartment in ELGAN/ELBW neonates may at least partially explain their increased susceptibility to severe immune-mediated morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleda Rahman Qazi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Georg Bach Jensen
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Paediatrics, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - Marieke van der Heiden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Björkander
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Holmlund
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yeneneh Haileselassie
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Efthymia Kokkinou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giovanna Marchini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thomas Abrahamsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Paediatrics, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Feeney ME. The immune response to malaria in utero. Immunol Rev 2019; 293:216-229. [PMID: 31553066 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malaria causes tremendous early childhood morbidity and mortality, providing an urgent impetus for the development of a vaccine that is effective in neonates. However, the infant immune response to malaria may be influenced by events that occur well before birth. Placental malaria infection complicates one quarter of all pregnancies in Africa and frequently results in exposure of the fetus to malaria antigens in utero, while the immune system is still developing. Some data suggest that in utero exposure to malaria may induce immunologic tolerance that interferes with the development of protective immunity during childhood. More recently, however, a growing body of evidence suggests that fetal malaria exposure can prime highly functional malaria-specific T- and B-cells, which may contribute to postnatal protection from malaria. In utero exposure to malaria also impacts the activation and maturation of fetal antigen presenting cells and innate lymphocytes, which could have implications for global immunity in the infant. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of how various components of the fetal immune system are altered by in utero exposure to malaria, discuss factors that may tilt the critical balance between tolerance and adaptive immunity, and consider the implications of these findings for malaria prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Feeney
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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9
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Chougnet CA. Human fetal immune cells fight back. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/438/eaat3910. [PMID: 29695456 PMCID: PMC6042645 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat3910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune dysregulation begins in utero, influenced by inflammation, maternal microchimerism, and the activation of fetal immune responses (Frascoli et al, this issue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Kollmann TR, Marchant A. Immunity and immunopathology in early human life. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:575-576. [PMID: 29170801 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias R Kollmann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
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