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Mi R, Wang X, Dong Y, Li S, Zhao Z, Guan X, Jiang J, Gao S, Fu Z, Zhou Z. Sustainable treatment of aquaculture water employing fungi-microalgae consortium: Nutrients removal enhancement, bacterial communities optimization, emerging contaminants elimination, and mechanism analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172600. [PMID: 38653416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Fungi-microalgae consortium (FMC) has emerged as a promising system for advanced wastewater treatment due to its high biomass yield and environmental sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the nutrients removal, bacterial community shift, emerging contaminants elimination, and treatment mechanism of a FMC composed of Cordyceps militaris and Navicula seminulum for aquaculture pond water treatment. The fungi and microalgae were cultured and employed either alone or in combination to evaluate the treatment performance. The results demonstrated that the FMC could improve water quality more significantly by reducing nutrient pollutants and optimizing the bacterial community structures. Furthermore, it exhibited stronger positive correlation between the enrichment of functional bacteria for water quality improvement and pollutants removal performance than the single-species treatments. Moreover, the FMC outperformed other groups in eliminating emerging contaminants such as heavy metals, antibiotics, and pathogenic Vibrios. Superiorly, the FMC also showed excellent symbiotic interactions and cooperative mechanisms for pollutants removal. The results collectively corroborated the feasibility and sustainability of using C. militaris and N. seminulum for treating aquaculture water, and the FMC would produce more mutualistic benefits and synergistic effects than single-species treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture And Rural Affairs, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Xuda Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture And Rural Affairs, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Ying Dong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture And Rural Affairs, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Shilei Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture And Rural Affairs, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zelong Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture And Rural Affairs, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture And Rural Affairs, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture And Rural Affairs, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Shan Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture And Rural Affairs, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Fu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture And Rural Affairs, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zunchun Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture And Rural Affairs, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
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2
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Handy J, Juchem D, Wang Q, Schimani K, Skibbe O, Zimmermann J, Karsten U, Herburger K. Antarctic benthic diatoms after 10 months of dark exposure: consequences for photosynthesis and cellular integrity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1326375. [PMID: 38584953 PMCID: PMC10995292 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1326375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Antarctic algae are exposed to prolonged periods of extreme darkness due to polar night, and coverage by ice and snow can extend such dark conditions to up to 10 months. A major group of microalgae in benthic habitats of Antarctica are diatoms, which are key primary producers in these regions. However, the effects of extremely prolonged dark exposure on their photosynthesis, cellular ultrastructure, and cell integrity remain unknown. Here we show that five strains of Antarctic benthic diatoms exhibit an active photosynthetic apparatus despite 10 months of dark-exposure. This was shown by a steady effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Y[II]) upon light exposure for up to 2.5 months, suggesting that Antarctic diatoms do not rely on metabolically inactive resting cells to survive prolonged darkness. While limnic strains performed better than their marine counterparts, Y(II) recovery to values commonly observed in diatoms occurred after 4-5 months of light exposure in all strains, suggesting long recovering times. Dark exposure for 10 months dramatically reduced the chloroplast ultrastructure, thylakoid stacking, and led to a higher proportion of cells with compromised membranes than in light-adapted cells. However, photosynthetic oxygen production was readily measurable after darkness and strong photoinhibition only occurred at high light levels (>800 µmol photons m-2 s-1). Our data suggest that Antarctic benthic diatoms are well adapted to long dark periods. However, prolonged darkness for several months followed by only few months of light and another dark period may prevent them to regain their full photosynthetic potential due to long recovery times, which might compromise long-term population survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Handy
- Cell Biology of Phototrophic Marine Organisms, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Desirée Juchem
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Qian Wang
- Cell Biology of Phototrophic Marine Organisms, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katherina Schimani
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Skibbe
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Zimmermann
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus Herburger
- Cell Biology of Phototrophic Marine Organisms, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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3
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Joli N, Concia L, Mocaer K, Guterman J, Laude J, Guerin S, Sciandra T, Bruyant F, Ait-Mohamed O, Beguin M, Forget MH, Bourbousse C, Lacour T, Bailleul B, Nef C, Savoie M, Tremblay JE, Campbell DA, Lavaud J, Schwab Y, Babin M, Bowler C. Hypometabolism to survive the long polar night and subsequent successful return to light in the diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2193-2208. [PMID: 38095198 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Diatoms, the main eukaryotic phytoplankton of the polar marine regions, are essential for the maintenance of food chains specific to Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems, and are experiencing major disturbances under current climate change. As such, it is fundamental to understand the physiological mechanisms and associated molecular basis of their endurance during the long polar night. Here, using the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus, we report an integrative analysis combining transcriptomic, microscopic and biochemical approaches to shed light on the strategies used to survive the polar night. We reveal that in prolonged darkness, diatom cells enter a state of quiescence with reduced metabolic and transcriptional activity, during which no cell division occurs. We propose that minimal energy is provided by respiration and degradation of protein, carbohydrate and lipid stores and that homeostasis is maintained by autophagy in prolonged darkness. We also report internal structural changes that manifest the morphological acclimation of cells to darkness, including the appearance of a large vacuole. Our results further show that immediately following a return to light, diatom cells are able to use photoprotective mechanisms and rapidly resume photosynthesis, demonstrating the remarkable robustness of polar diatoms to prolonged darkness at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Joli
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Concia
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Karel Mocaer
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) & Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between the European Molecular Biology Laboratory and the Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julie Guterman
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Laude
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Guerin
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Theo Sciandra
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Flavienne Bruyant
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ouardia Ait-Mohamed
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marine Beguin
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Helene Forget
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Clara Bourbousse
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Lacour
- Laboratoire PHYSiologie des micro ALGues (PDG-ODE-PHYTOX-PHYSALG), Centre Atlantique, 44 311, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Bailleul
- Laboratory of Chloroplast Biology and Light Sensing in Microalgae, Institut de Biologie Physico Chimique, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Charlotte Nef
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mireille Savoie
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | | | - Johann Lavaud
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- UMR 6539 LEMAR-Laboratory of Environmental Marine Sciences, CNRS/Univ Brest/Ifremer/IRD, IUEM-Institut Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit and Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Babin
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Chris Bowler
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
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Wang G, Huang L, Zhuang S, Han F, Huang Q, Hao M, Lin G, Chen L, Shen B, Li F, Li X, Chen C, Gao Y, Mock T, Liang J. Resting cell formation in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38402560 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Resting cells represent a survival strategy employed by diatoms to endure prolonged periods of unfavourable conditions. In the oceans, many diatoms sink at the end of their blooming season and therefore need to endure cold and dark conditions in the deeper layers of the water column. How they survive these conditions is largely unknown. We conducted an integrative analysis encompassing methods from histology, physiology, biochemistry, and genetics to reveal the biological mechanism of resting-cell formation in the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Resting-cell formation was triggered by a decrease in light and temperature with subsequent catabolism of storage compounds. Resting cells were characterised by an acidic and viscous cytoplasm and altered morphology of the chloroplast ultrastructure. The formation of resting cells in T. pseudonana is an energy demanding process required for a biophysical alteration of the cytosol and chloroplasts to endure the unfavourable conditions of the deeper ocean as photosynthetic organisms. However, most resting cells (> 90%) germinate upon return to favorable growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangning Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Shanshan Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Fang Han
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Mengyuan Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Guifang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Longnan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Biying Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Changping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yahui Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Thomas Mock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Junrong Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
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Leyland B, Novichkova E, Dolui AK, Jallet D, Daboussi F, Legeret B, Li Z, Li-Beisson Y, Boussiba S, Khozin-Goldberg I. Acyl-CoA binding protein is required for lipid droplet degradation in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:958-981. [PMID: 37801606 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) accumulate neutral storage lipids in lipid droplets during stress conditions, which can be rapidly degraded and recycled when optimal conditions resume. Since nutrient and light availability fluctuate in marine environments, storage lipid turnover is essential for diatom dominance of marine ecosystems. Diatoms have garnered attention for their potential to provide a sustainable source of omega-3 fatty acids. Several independent proteomic studies of lipid droplets isolated from the model oleaginous pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum have identified a previously uncharacterized protein with an acyl-CoA binding (ACB) domain, Phatrdraft_48778, here referred to as Phaeodactylum tricornutum acyl-CoA binding protein (PtACBP). We report the phenotypic effects of CRISPR-Cas9 targeted genome editing of PtACBP. ptacbp mutants were defective in lipid droplet and triacylglycerol degradation, as well as lipid and eicosapentaenoic acid synthesis, during recovery from nitrogen starvation. Transcription of genes responsible for peroxisomal β-oxidation, triacylglycerol lipolysis, and eicosapentaenoic acid synthesis was inhibited. A lipid-binding assay using a synthetic ACB domain from PtACBP indicated preferential binding specificity toward certain polar lipids. PtACBP fused to eGFP displayed an endomembrane-like pattern, which surrounded the periphery of lipid droplets. PtACBP is likely responsible for intracellular acyl transport, affecting cell division, development, photosynthesis, and stress response. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing storage lipid turnover will be crucial for developing diatoms and other microalgae as biotechnological cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Leyland
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Novichkova
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Achintya Kumar Dolui
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Denis Jallet
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute Bio & Chemical Engineering, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute National Des Sciences Appliquees, Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Fayza Daboussi
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute Bio & Chemical Engineering, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute National Des Sciences Appliquees, Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Bertrand Legeret
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Zhongze Li
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus 84990, Israel
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6
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Wutkowska M, Vader A, Logares R, Pelletier E, Gabrielsen TM. Linking extreme seasonality and gene expression in Arctic marine protists. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14627. [PMID: 37669980 PMCID: PMC10480425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At high latitudes, strong seasonal differences in light availability affect marine organisms and regulate the timing of ecosystem processes. Marine protists are key players in Arctic aquatic ecosystems, yet little is known about their ecological roles over yearly cycles. This is especially true for the dark polar night period, which up until recently was assumed to be devoid of biological activity. A 12 million transcripts catalogue was built from 0.45 to 10 μm protist assemblages sampled over 13 months in a time series station in an Arctic fjord in Svalbard. Community gene expression was correlated with seasonality, with light as the main driving factor. Transcript diversity and evenness were higher during polar night compared to polar day. Light-dependent functions had higher relative expression during polar day, except phototransduction. 64% of the most expressed genes could not be functionally annotated, yet up to 78% were identified in Arctic samples from Tara Oceans, suggesting that Arctic marine assemblages are distinct from those from other oceans. Our study increases understanding of the links between extreme seasonality and biological processes in pico- and nanoplanktonic protists. Our results set the ground for future monitoring studies investigating the seasonal impact of climate change on the communities of microbial eukaryotes in the High Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wutkowska
- Department of Arctic Biology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway.
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
- Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czechia.
| | - Anna Vader
- Department of Arctic Biology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Ramiro Logares
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eric Pelletier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
- CNRS Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, Paris, France
| | - Tove M Gabrielsen
- Department of Arctic Biology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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7
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Juchem DP, Schimani K, Holzinger A, Permann C, Abarca N, Skibbe O, Zimmermann J, Graeve M, Karsten U. Lipid degradation and photosynthetic traits after prolonged darkness in four Antarctic benthic diatoms, including the newly described species Planothidium wetzelii sp. nov. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1241826. [PMID: 37720158 PMCID: PMC10500929 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1241826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In polar regions, the microphytobenthos has important ecological functions in shallow-water habitats, such as on top of coastal sediments. This community is dominated by benthic diatoms, which contribute significantly to primary production and biogeochemical cycling while also being an important component of polar food webs. Polar diatoms are able to cope with markedly changing light conditions and prolonged periods of darkness during the polar night in Antarctica. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, five strains of Antarctic benthic diatoms were isolated in the field, and the resulting unialgal cultures were identified as four distinct species, of which one is described as a new species, Planothidium wetzelii sp. nov. All four species were thoroughly examined using physiological, cell biological, and biochemical methods over a fully controlled dark period of 3 months. The results showed that the utilization of storage lipids is one of the key mechanisms in Antarctic benthic diatoms to survive the polar night, although different fatty acids were involved in the investigated taxa. In all tested species, the storage lipid content declined significantly, along with an ultrastructurally observable degradation of the chloroplasts. Surprisingly, photosynthetic performance did not change significantly despite chloroplasts decreasing in thylakoid membranes and an increased number of plastoglobules. Thus, a combination of biochemical and cell biological mechanisms allows Antarctic benthic diatoms to survive the polar night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée P. Juchem
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katherina Schimani
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Charlotte Permann
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nélida Abarca
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Skibbe
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Zimmermann
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Graeve
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research, Ecological Chemistry, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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8
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Seidel L, Broman E, Nilsson E, Ståhle M, Ketzer M, Pérez-Martínez C, Turner S, Hylander S, Pinhassi J, Forsman A, Dopson M. Climate change-related warming reduces thermal sensitivity and modifies metabolic activity of coastal benthic bacterial communities. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:855-869. [PMID: 36977742 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Besides long-term average temperature increases, climate change is projected to result in a higher frequency of marine heatwaves. Coastal zones are some of the most productive and vulnerable ecosystems, with many stretches already under anthropogenic pressure. Microorganisms in coastal areas are central to marine energy and nutrient cycling and therefore, it is important to understand how climate change will alter these ecosystems. Using a long-term heated bay (warmed for 50 years) in comparison with an unaffected adjacent control bay and an experimental short-term thermal (9 days at 6-35 °C) incubation experiment, this study provides new insights into how coastal benthic water and surface sediment bacterial communities respond to temperature change. Benthic bacterial communities in the two bays reacted differently to temperature increases with productivity in the heated bay having a broader thermal tolerance compared with that in the control bay. Furthermore, the transcriptional analysis showed that the heated bay benthic bacteria had higher transcript numbers related to energy metabolism and stress compared to the control bay, while short-term elevated temperatures in the control bay incubation experiment induced a transcript response resembling that observed in the heated bay field conditions. In contrast, a reciprocal response was not observed for the heated bay community RNA transcripts exposed to lower temperatures indicating a potential tipping point in community response may have been reached. In summary, long-term warming modulates the performance, productivity, and resilience of bacterial communities in response to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Seidel
- Centre for ecology and evolution in microbial model systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Elias Broman
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emelie Nilsson
- Centre for ecology and evolution in microbial model systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ståhle
- Centre for ecology and evolution in microbial model systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Marcelo Ketzer
- Centre for ecology and evolution in microbial model systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Clara Pérez-Martínez
- Centre for ecology and evolution in microbial model systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Turner
- Centre for ecology and evolution in microbial model systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Samuel Hylander
- Centre for ecology and evolution in microbial model systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Jarone Pinhassi
- Centre for ecology and evolution in microbial model systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anders Forsman
- Centre for ecology and evolution in microbial model systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mark Dopson
- Centre for ecology and evolution in microbial model systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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9
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Light modulates the lipidome of the photosynthetic sea slug Elysia timida. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159249. [PMID: 36336252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Long-term kleptoplasty, the capability to retain functional stolen chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) for several weeks to months, has been shown in a handful of Sacoglossa sea slugs. One of these sea slugs is Elysia timida, endemic to the Mediterranean, which retains functional chloroplasts of the macroalga Acetabularia acetabulum. To understand how light modulates the lipidome of E. timida, sea slug specimens were subjected to two different 4-week light treatments: regular light and quasi-dark conditions. Lipidomic analyses were performed by HILIC-HR-ESI-MS and MS/MS. Quasi-dark conditions caused a reduction in the amount of essential lipids for photosynthetic membranes, such as glycolipids, indicating high level of kleptoplast degradation under sub-optimal light conditions. However, maximum photosynthetic capacities (Fv/Fm) were identical in both light treatments (≈0.75), showing similar kleptoplast functionality and suggesting that older kleptoplasts were targeted for degradation. Although more stable, the phospholipidome showed differences between light treatments: the amount of certain lipid species of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) decreased under quasi-dark conditions, while other lipid species of phosphatidylcholine (PC), PE and lyso-PE (LPE) increased. Quasi-dark conditions promoted a decrease in the relative abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These results suggest a light-driven remodelling of the lipidome according to the functions of the different lipids and highlight the plasticity of polar lipids in the photosynthetic sea slug E. timida.
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10
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Cheng LM, Zhang SF, Xie ZX, Li DX, Lin L, Wang MH, Wang DZ. Metabolic Adaptation of a Globally Important Diatom following 700 Generations of Selection under a Warmer Temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5247-5255. [PMID: 35352563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms, accounting for 40% of the marine primary production and 20% of global carbon dioxide fixation, are threatened by the ongoing ocean warming (OW). However, whether and how these ecologically important phytoplankton adapt to OW remains poorly unknown. Here, we experimentally examined the metabolic adaptation of a globally important diatom species Skeletonema dohrnii (S. dohrnii) to OW at two elevated temperatures (24 and 28 °C compared with 20 °C) under short-term (∼300 generations) and long-term (∼700 generations) selection. Both warming levels significantly increased the cell growth rate but decreased the chlorophyll a content. The contents of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) decreased significantly initially (i.e., until 300 generations) at two temperature treatments but completely recovered after 700 generations of selection, suggesting that S. dohrnii ultimately developed thermal adaptation. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that elevated temperatures upregulated energy metabolism via glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation as well as nitrogen acquisition and utilization, which in turn reduced substance storage because of trade-off in the 300th generation, thus decreasing POC and PON. Interestingly, populations at both elevated temperatures exhibited significant proteome plasticity in the 700th generation, as primarily demonstrated by the increased lipid catabolism and glucose accumulation, accounting for the recovery of POC and PON. Changes occurring in cells at the 300th and 700th generations demonstrate that S. dohrnii can adapt to the projected OW, and readjusting the energy metabolism is an important adaptive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Man Cheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhang-Xian Xie
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dong-Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ming-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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11
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Gilbertson R, Langan E, Mock T. Diatoms and Their Microbiomes in Complex and Changing Polar Oceans. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:786764. [PMID: 35401494 PMCID: PMC8991070 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.786764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms, a key group of polar marine microbes, support highly productive ocean ecosystems. Like all life on earth, diatoms do not live in isolation, and they are therefore under constant biotic and abiotic pressures which directly influence their evolution through natural selection. Despite their importance in polar ecosystems, polar diatoms are understudied compared to temperate species. The observed rapid change in the polar climate, especially warming, has created increased research interest to discover the underlying causes and potential consequences on single species to entire ecosystems. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies have greatly expanded our knowledge by revealing the molecular underpinnings of physiological adaptations to polar environmental conditions. Their genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes together with the first eukaryotic meta-omics data of surface ocean polar microbiomes reflect the environmental pressures through adaptive responses such as the expansion of protein families over time as a consequence of selection. Polar regions and their microbiomes are inherently connected to climate cycles and their feedback loops. An integrated understanding built on “omics” resources centered around diatoms as key primary producers will enable us to reveal unifying concepts of microbial co-evolution and adaptation in polar oceans. This knowledge, which aims to relate past environmental changes to specific adaptations, will be required to improve climate prediction models for polar ecosystems because it provides a unifying framework of how interacting and co-evolving biological communities might respond to future environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Gilbertson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Langan
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.,The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Mock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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12
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Sciandra T, Forget MH, Bruyant F, Béguin M, Lacour T, Bowler C, Babin M. The possible fates of Fragilariopsis cylindrus (polar diatom) cells exposed to prolonged darkness. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:281-296. [PMID: 34989409 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
At high latitudes, the polar night poses a great challenge to photosynthetic organisms that must survive up to six months without light. Numerous studies have already shed light on the physiological changes involved in the acclimation of microalgae to prolonged darkness and subsequent re-illumination. However, these studies have never considered inter-individual variability because they have mainly been conducted with bulk measurements. On the other hand, such long periods are likely to impact within-population selection processes. In this study, we hypothesized that distinct subpopulations with specific traits may emerge during acclimation of a population of diatoms to darkness. We addressed this hypothesis using flow cytometry (FCM), which allow to individually characterize large numbers of cells. The ecologically dominant polar pennate diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus was subjected to three dark acclimation (DA) experiments of one, three, and five months duration, during which all cultures showed signs of recovery once light became available again. Our results suggest that darkness survival of F. cylindrus relies on reduction of metabolic activity and consumption of carbon reserves. In addition, FCM allowed us to record three different causes of death, each shared by significant numbers of individuals. The first rendered cells were unable to survive the stress caused by the return to light, probably due to a lack of sufficient photoprotective defenses. The other two were observed in two subpopulations of cells whose physiological state deviated from the original population. The data suggest that starvation and failure to maintain dormancy were the cause of cell mortality in these two subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Sciandra
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Forget
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Flavienne Bruyant
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Béguin
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Lacour
- Ifremer, PBA, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, Nantes Cedex 03, 44311, France
| | - Chris Bowler
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Marcel Babin
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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13
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Grubišić M, Šantek B, Zorić Z, Čošić Z, Vrana I, Gašparović B, Čož-Rakovac R, Ivančić Šantek M. Bioprospecting of Microalgae Isolated from the Adriatic Sea: Characterization of Biomass, Pigment, Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041248. [PMID: 35209036 PMCID: PMC8875609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae and cyanobacteria are sources of diverse bioactive compounds with potential biotechnological applications in food, feed, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and biofuel industries. In this study, five microalgae, Nitzschia sp. S5, Nanofrustulum shiloi D1, Picochlorum sp. D3, Tetraselmis sp. Z3 and Tetraselmis sp. C6, and the cyanobacterium Euhalothece sp. C1 were isolated from the Adriatic Sea and characterized regarding their growth kinetics, biomass composition and specific products content (fatty acids, pigments, antioxidants, neutral and polar lipids). The strain Picochlorum sp. D3, showing the highest specific growth rate (0.009 h−1), had biomass productivity of 33.98 ± 0.02 mg L−1 day−1. Proteins were the most abundant macromolecule in the biomass (32.83–57.94%, g g−1). Nanofrustulum shiloi D1 contained significant amounts of neutral lipids (68.36%), while the biomass of Picochlorum sp. D3, Tetraselmis sp. Z3, Tetraselmis sp. C6 and Euhalothece sp. C1 was rich in glycolipids and phospholipids (75%). The lipids of all studied microalgae predominantly contained unsaturated fatty acids. Carotenoids were the most abundant pigments with the highest content of lutein and neoxanthin in representatives of Chlorophyta and fucoxanthin in strains belonging to the Bacillariophyta. All microalgal extracts showed antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative E. coli and S. typhimurium and Gram-positive S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grubišić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Zoran Zorić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Zrinka Čošić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Ivna Vrana
- Laboratory for Marine and Atmospheric Biogeochemistry, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.V.); (B.G.)
| | - Blaženka Gašparović
- Laboratory for Marine and Atmospheric Biogeochemistry, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.V.); (B.G.)
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirela Ivančić Šantek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Č.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6576764. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Zhukova NV, Yakovleva IM. Low light acclimation strategy of the brown macroalga Undaria pinnatifida: Significance of lipid and fatty acid remodeling for photosynthetic competence. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1792-1804. [PMID: 34486722 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brown macroalgae, being important components of benthic communities in temperate regions, are frequently subjected to light limitation. To extend our understanding of their low light acclimation strategies to the regulation of membrane lipid environment, photosynthetic characteristics, lipid class, fatty acid profiles and chloroplast ultrastructure were compared in Undaria pinnatifida (Phaeophyceae, Ochrophyta) after long-term exposure to low and moderate light intensities (LL, 100 and ML, 280 µmol photons · m-2 · s-1 ). We show that light limitation significantly increased PSII quantum efficiency and photosynthetic electron transport rate, enhanced pigment contents and concentration of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts but decreased the distance between the thylakoid stacks. These physiological alterations at LL were accompanied by a selective remodeling of thylakoid membrane lipids driven by increases in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) contents. Light limitation also induced active production of PG specific trans-Δ3 -hexadecenoic acid and accumulation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) mostly in PG and MGDG at the expense of the rise in 18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3, 18:4n-3, respectively. These changes in lipid and FA profiles are apparently responsible for supporting thylakoid biogenesis and efficient photosynthesis at light limitation, thus contributing to photoacclimation strategies in brown algae. The content of triacylglycerols (TAG) and the level of their PUFA were decreased at LL, suggesting the consumption of TAG as a source of PUFA and energy reserves. Thus, U. pinnatifida is able to successfully overcome periods of low irradiance through the effective light harvesting and utilization that are provided by high flexibility of lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Zhukova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Irina M Yakovleva
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
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16
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Hejduková E, Nedbalová L. Experimental freezing of freshwater pennate diatoms from polar habitats. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:1213-1229. [PMID: 33909137 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are microalgae that thrive in a range of habitats worldwide including polar areas. Remarkably, non-marine pennate diatoms do not create any morphologically distinct dormant stages that could help them to successfully face unfavourable conditions. Their survival is probably connected with the adaptation of vegetative cells to freezing and desiccation. Here we assessed the freezing tolerance of vegetative cells and vegetative-looking resting cells of 12 freshwater strains of benthic pennate diatoms isolated from polar habitats. To test the effect of various environmental factors, the strains were exposed to -20 °C freezing in four differently treated cultures: (1) vegetative cells growing in standard conditions in standard WC medium and (2) resting cells induced by cold and dark acclimation and resting cells, where (3) phosphorus or (4) nitrogen deficiency were used in addition to cold and dark acclimation. Tolerance was evaluated by measurement of basal cell fluorescence of chlorophyll and determination of physiological cell status using a multiparameter fluorescent staining. Four strains out of 12 were able to tolerate freezing in at least some of the treatments. The minority of cells appeared to be active immediately after thawing process, while most cells were inactive, injured or dead. Overall, the results showed a high sensitivity of vegetative and resting cells to freezing stress among strains originating from polar areas. However, the importance of resting cells for survival was emphasized by a slight but statistically significant increase of freezing tolerance of nutrient-depleted cells. Low numbers of surviving cells in our experimental setup could indicate their importance for the overwintering of diatom populations in harsh polar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hejduková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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17
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Young JN, Schmidt K. It's what's inside that matters: physiological adaptations of high-latitude marine microalgae to environmental change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1307-1318. [PMID: 32391569 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine microalgae within seawater and sea ice fuel high-latitude ecosystems and drive biogeochemical cycles through the fixation and export of carbon, uptake of nutrients, and production and release of oxygen and organic compounds. High-latitude marine environments are characterized by cold temperatures, dark winters and a strong seasonal cycle. Within this environment a number of diverse and dynamic habitats exist, particularly in association with the formation and melt of sea ice, with distinct microalgal communities that transition with the season. Algal physiology is a crucial component, both responding to the dynamic environment and in turn influencing its immediate physicochemical environment. As high-latitude oceans shift into new climate regimes the analysis of seasonal responses may provide insights into how microalgae will respond to long-term environmental change. This review discusses recent developments in our understanding of how the physiology of high-latitude marine microalgae is regulated over a polar seasonal cycle, with a focus on ice-associated (sympagic) algae. In particular, physiologies that impact larger scale processes will be explored, with an aim to improve our understanding of current and future ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi N Young
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Katrin Schmidt
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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18
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Řezanka T, Řezanka M, Mezricky D, Vítová M. Lipidomic analysis of diatoms cultivated with silica nanoparticles. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 177:112452. [PMID: 32773085 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polar lipids from the diatoms Diadesmis gallica and Navicula atomus were separated and their structures were determined using high resolution tandem MS HILIC-LC/ESI. This method allowed us to identify 34 classes of lipids, each containing dozens of molecular species, including regioisomers. The largest differences were found in two sulfur-containing lipids, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylsulfocholine caused probably by the remodeling of lipid species. These diatoms have been found to use several mechanisms to resolve growth in extreme environments, i.e. silica starvation. The presence of insoluble nano-SiO2 leads to the replacement of cellular phospholipids with sulfolipids. Regioisomer ratios also vary depending on the concentration of nano-SiO2 in the culture medium, i.e. the biosynthesis of polar lipids via the prokaryotic (plastidial) and/or eukaryotic (explastidial) pathways. Complex analyses of polar lipids using high resolution HILIC-LC/ESI-tandem, as used for diatoms, can also be used for other photosynthetic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Řezanka
- Department of Nanochemistry, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Mezricky
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences, Piaristengasse1, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Milada Vítová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Novohradská 237, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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19
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Zhang L, Hu F, Wan X, Pan Y, Hu H. Screening of High Temperature-Tolerant Oleaginous Diatoms. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1072-1081. [PMID: 32325543 PMCID: PMC9728242 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2002.02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Screening suitable strains with high temperature adaptability is of great importance for reducing the cost of temperature control in microalgae cultivation, especially in summer. To obtain high temperature-tolerant diatoms, water samples were collected in summer from 7 different regions of China across the Northeast, North and East. A total of 731 water samples was collected and from them 131 diatom strains were isolated and identified based on the 18S rRNA sequences. Forty-nine strains out of the 131 diatoms could survive at 30°C, and 6 strains with relatively high biomass and lipid content at high temperature were selected and were found to be able to grow at 35°C. Cyclotella sp. HB162 had the highest dry biomass of 0.46 g/l and relatively high triacylglycerol (TAG) content of 237.4 mg/g dry biomass. The highest TAG content of 246.4 mg/g dry biomass was obtained in Fistulifera sp. HB236, while Nitzschia palea HB170 had high dry biomass (0.33 g/l) but relatively low TAG content (105.9 mg/g dry biomass). N. palea HB170 and Fistulifera sp. HB236 presented relatively stable growth rates and lipid yields under fluctuating temperatures ranging from 28 to 35°C, while Cyclotella HB162 maintained high lipid yield at temperatures below 25°C. The percentage of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in all the 6 strains was 84-91% in total lipids and 90-94% in TAGs, which makes them the ideal feedstock for biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Fan Hu
- School of Foreign Languages, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-27-68780078 Fax: +86-27-68780078 E-mail:
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20
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Prelle LR, Graiff A, Gründling-Pfaff S, Sommer V, Kuriyama K, Karsten U. Photosynthesis and Respiration of Baltic Sea Benthic Diatoms to Changing Environmental Conditions and Growth Responses of Selected Species as Affected by an Adjacent Peatland (Hütelmoor). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1500. [PMID: 31333612 PMCID: PMC6620715 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight benthic diatom taxa (Actinocyclus octonarius, Melosira moniliformis, Halamphora sp. 1, Halamphora sp. 2, Navicula perminuta, Navicula phyllepta, Nitzschia dubiiformis, Nitzschia pusilla) were isolated from sediments sampled in the southern coastal brackish Baltic Sea and established as unialgal cultures. The coastal shallow water sampling area lies close to a fen peat site (Hütelmoor) and both are connected through an underground peat layer, which might facilitate organic matter and nutrient fluxes along the terrestrial-marine gradient. The photosynthetic performance of these diatoms was measured at different photon fluence rates (0-1200 μmol photons m-2 s-1, always recorded at 20°C) and different temperatures (5-40°C, always measured at saturating ∼270 μmol photons m-2 s-1), resulting in light saturation points between 32 and 151 μmol photons m-2 s-1 and maximum net primary production rates of 23-144 μmol O2 mg-1 Chl a h-1. None of the species showed severe photoinhibition, and hence all displayed a high photo-physiological plasticity. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution and respirational oxygen consumption between 5 and 40°C revealed eurythermal traits for half of the studied taxa as photosynthetic efficiency was at least 20% of the maximum values at the extreme temperatures. The remaining taxa also indicated eurythermal characteristics, however, photosynthetic efficiency of at least 20% was at a narrower temperature range [5 (10) °C to 30 (35) °C]. Species-specific optimum temperatures for photosynthesis (15-30°C) were always lower compared to respiration (25-40°C). Actinocyclus octonarius and Nitzschia dubiiformis were grown in different defined media, some enriched with Hütelmoor water to test for possible effects of organic components. Hütelmoor water media stimulated growth of both diatom species when kept in a light dark cycle. Actinocyclus octonarius particularly grew in darkness in Hütelmoor water media, pointing to heterotrophic capabilities. The benthic diatoms studied are characterized by high photo-physiological plasticity and a broad temperature tolerance to maintain high primary production rates under wide environmental fluctuations. Organic carbon fluxes from the Hütelmoor into the Baltic Sea may support mixo- and/or heterotrophic growth of microphytobenthic communities. These are essential traits for living in a highly dynamic and variable shallow water environment at the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ulf Karsten
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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21
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Kennedy F, Martin A, Bowman JP, Wilson R, McMinn A. Dark metabolism: a molecular insight into how the Antarctic sea-ice diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus survives long-term darkness. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:675-691. [PMID: 30985935 PMCID: PMC6617727 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Light underneath Antarctic sea-ice is below detectable limits for up to 4 months of the year. The ability of Antarctic sea-ice diatoms to survive this prolonged darkness relies on their metabolic capability. This study is the first to examine the proteome of a prominent sea-ice diatom in response to extended darkness, focusing on the protein-level mechanisms of dark survival. The Antarctic diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus was grown under continuous light or darkness for 120 d. The whole cell proteome was quantitatively analysed by nano-LC-MS/MS to investigate metabolic changes that occur during sustained darkness and during recovery under illumination. Enzymes of metabolic pathways, particularly those involved in respiratory processes, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, the urea cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain became more abundant in the dark. Within the plastid, carbon fixation halted while the upper sections of the glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathways became less active. We have discovered how F. cylindrus utilises an ancient alternative metabolic mechanism that enables its capacity for long-term dark survival. By sustaining essential metabolic processes in the dark, F. cylindrus retains the functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus, ensuring rapid recovery upon re-illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser Kennedy
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobart7000TasmaniaAustralia
| | - Andrew Martin
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobart7000TasmaniaAustralia
| | - John P. Bowman
- Centre for Food Safety and InnovationTasmanian Institute of AgricultureHobart7000TasmaniaAustralia
| | - Richard Wilson
- Central Science LaboratoryUniversity of TasmaniaHobart7000TasmaniaAustralia
| | - Andrew McMinn
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobart7000TasmaniaAustralia
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22
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Decoupling light harvesting, electron transport and carbon fixation during prolonged darkness supports rapid recovery upon re-illumination in the Arctic diatom Chaetoceros neogracilis. Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Kvernvik AC, Hoppe CJM, Lawrenz E, Prášil O, Greenacre M, Wiktor JM, Leu E. Fast reactivation of photosynthesis in arctic phytoplankton during the polar night 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:461-470. [PMID: 29723414 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arctic microalgae experience long periods of continuous darkness during the polar night, when they are unable to photosynthesize. Despite numerous studies on overwintering strategies, such as utilization of stored energy products, formation of resting stages, reduction of metabolic rates and heterotrophic lifestyles, there have been few attempts to assess the in situ physiological state and restoration of the photosynthetic apparatus upon re-illumination. In this study, we found diverse and active marine phytoplankton communities during the polar night at 78°N. Furthermore, we observed rapid changes (≤20 min) in the efficiency of photosynthetic electron transport upon re-illumination. High photosynthetic capacity and net primary production were established after 24 h of re-illumination. Our results suggest that some Arctic autotrophs maintain fully functional photosystem II and downstream electron acceptors during the polar night even though the low in situ net primary production levels measured in January prove that light was not sufficient to support any measurable primary production. Due to low temperatures resulting in low respiratory rates as well as the absence of photodamage during the polar night, maintenance of basic photosynthetic machinery may actually pose relatively low metabolic costs for algal cells. This could allow Arctic microalgae to endure the polar night without the formation of dormant stages, enabling them to recover and take advantage of light immediately upon the suns return during the winter-spring transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Cecilie Kvernvik
- The Department of Arctic Biology, Svalbard Science Centre, University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, N-9171, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Clara Jule Marie Hoppe
- Marine Biogeoscience, Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Evelyn Lawrenz
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Greenacre
- Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Barcelona Graduate School of Economics, Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Józef Maria Wiktor
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstanców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
| | - Eva Leu
- Arctic R&D, Akvaplan-niva AS, CIENS, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
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