1
|
Van Hoeck J, Vanhove C, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Non-invasive cell-tracking methods for adoptive T cell therapies. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:793-807. [PMID: 34718210 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapies (ACT) have demonstrated groundbreaking results in blood cancers and melanoma. Nevertheless, their significant cost, the occurrence of severe adverse events, and their poor performance in solid tumors are important hurdles hampering more widespread applicability. In vivo cell tracking allows instantaneous and non-invasive monitoring of the distribution, tumor homing, persistence, and redistribution to other organs of infused T cells in patients. Furthermore, cell tracking could aid in the clinical management of patients, allowing the detection of non-responders or severe adverse events at an early stage. This review provides a concise overview of the main principles and potential of cell tracking, followed by a discussion of the clinically relevant labeling strategies and their application in ACT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelter Van Hoeck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Infinity Lab, Medical Imaging and Signal Processing Group-IBiTech, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Polyacrylic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles could be a useful tool for tracking inflammatory monocytes. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO423. [PMID: 31827892 PMCID: PMC6900970 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To establish the effect of poly(acrylic acid)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (PAC-IONs) and later exposure to a magnetic field on the differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes into macrophages. Methods: By flow cytometry, cell death was evaluated with DIOC6 and PI, Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerases (PARP) fragmentation, H2AX phosphorylation and TUNEL assay. Cytokines by Cytokine bead array and the intracellular amount of iron by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: PAC-IONs did not induce apoptosis, modify the cell membrane integrity or alter the mitochondrial membrane potential. They did not affect the cell morphology, the pattern of cytokine accumulation or the activating role of differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes into macrophages on the proliferation of autologous T cells. Conclusion: This evidence indicates that the PAC-IONs are safe and biocompatible. Moreover, the selectivity of the PAC-IONs for mononuclear phagocytes, as well as their increased uptake by non-classical monocytes, warrant future research with a view to their use as a contrast agent, a useful tool for in vivo tracking of tissue-infiltrating mononuclear phagocytes. In the search for materials that allow the study of inflammatory processes when biopsies are not feasible, magnetic nanoparticles have become an alternative tool for use in MRI. This article examined whether supermagnetic iron nanoparticles can affect the basic function of phagocytic cells, with a view to their use in clinical imaging applications.
Collapse
|
3
|
Herynek V, Turnovcová K, Gálisová A, Kaman O, Mareková D, Koktan J, Vosmanská M, Kosinová L, Jendelová P. Manganese-Zinc Ferrites: Safe and Efficient Nanolabels for Cell Imaging and Tracking In Vivo. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:155-165. [PMID: 30740290 PMCID: PMC6356160 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese-zinc ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by using a hydrothermal treatment, coated with silica, and then tested as efficient cellular labels for cell tracking, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo. A toxicity study was performed on rat mesenchymal stem cells and C6 glioblastoma cells. Adverse effects on viability and cell proliferation were observed at the highest concentration (0.55 mM) only; cell viability was not compromised at lower concentrations. Nanoparticle internalization was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The particles were found in membranous vesicles inside the cytoplasm. Although the metal content (0.42 pg Fe/cell) was lower compared to commercially available iron oxide nanoparticles, labeled cells reached a comparable relaxation rate R 2, owing to higher nanoparticle relaxivity. Cells from transgenic luciferase-positive rats were used for in vivo experiments. Labeled cells were transplanted into the muscles of non-bioluminescent rats and visualized by MRI. The cells produced a distinct hypointense signal in T2- or T2*-weighted MR images in vivo. Cell viability in vivo was verified by bioluminescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vít Herynek
- Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Vídeňská 1958/9 140 21 Prague Czech Republic.,Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Salmovská 3 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Turnovcová
- Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Gálisová
- Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Vídeňská 1958/9 140 21 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kaman
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Dana Mareková
- Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Koktan
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 Prague Czech Republic.,Faculty of Chemical Engineering University of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Magda Vosmanská
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering University of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kosinová
- Experimental Medicine Centre Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Vídeňská 1958/9 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Jendelová
- Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 Prague Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lemaster JE, Wang Z, Hariri A, Chen F, Hu Z, Huang Y, Barback CV, Cochran R, Gianneschi NC, Jokerst JV. Gadolinium Doping Enhances the Photoacoustic Signal of Synthetic Melanin Nanoparticles: A Dual Modality Contrast Agent for Stem Cell Imaging. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019; 31:251-259. [PMID: 33859455 PMCID: PMC8045669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we show that gadolinium-loaded synthetic melanin nanoparticles (Gd(III)-SMNPs) exhibit up to a 40-fold enhanced photoacoustic signal intensity relative to synthetic melanin alone and higher than other metal-chelated SMNPs. This property makes these materials useful as dual labeling agents because Gd(III)-SMNPs also behave as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. As a proof-of-concept, we used these nanoparticles to label human mesenchymal stem cells. Cellular uptake was confirmed with bright-field optical and transmission electron microscopy. The Gd(III)-SMNP-labeled stem cells continued to express the stem cell surface markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 and proliferate. The labeled stem cells were subsequently injected intramyocardially in mice, and the tissue was observed by photoacoustic and MR imaging. We found that the photoacoustic signal increased as the cell number increased (R 2 = 0.96), indicating that such an approach could be employed to discriminate between stem cell populations with a limit of detection of 2.3 × 104 cells in in vitro tests. This multimodal photoacoustic/MRI approach combines the excellent temporal resolution of photoacoustics with the anatomic resolution of MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E. Lemaster
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ali Hariri
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuran Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher V. Barback
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Richard Cochran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bulte JWM, Daldrup-Link HE. Clinical Tracking of Cell Transfer and Cell Transplantation: Trials and Tribulations. Radiology 2018; 289:604-615. [PMID: 30299232 PMCID: PMC6276076 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2018180449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy has provided unprecedented opportunities for tissue repair and cancer therapy. Imaging tools for in vivo tracking of therapeutic cells have entered the clinic to evaluate therapeutic cell delivery and retention in patients. Thus far, clinical cell tracking studies have been a mere proof of principle of the feasibility of cell detection. This review centers around the main clinical queries associated with cell therapy: Have cells been delivered correctly at the targeted site of injection? Are cells still alive, and, if so, how many? Are cells being rejected by the host, and, if so, how severe is the immune response? For stem cell therapeutics, have cells differentiated into downstream cell lineages? Is there cell proliferation including tumor formation? At present, clinical cell tracking trials have only provided information on immediate cell delivery and short-term cell retention. The next big question is if these cell tracking tools can improve the clinical management of the patients and, if so, by how much, for how many, and for whom; in addition, it must be determined whether tracking therapeutic cells in every patient is needed. To become clinically relevant, it must now be demonstrated how cell tracking techniques can inform patient treatment and affect clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff W. M. Bulte
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Departments of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 217 Traylor Bldg, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205 (J.W.M.B.); and Departments of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) and Pediatrics, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (H.E.D.L.)
| | - Heike E. Daldrup-Link
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Departments of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 217 Traylor Bldg, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205 (J.W.M.B.); and Departments of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) and Pediatrics, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (H.E.D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim EJ, Bhuniya S, Lee H, Kim HM, Shin WS, Kim JS, Hong KS. In Vivo Tracking of Phagocytic Immune Cells Using a Dual Imaging Probe with Gadolinium-Enhanced MRI and Near-Infrared Fluorescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10266-10273. [PMID: 27058603 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel dual imaging probe for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging was developed by combining gadolinium (Gd)-chelating MR probe and a near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore, aza-BODIPY (AB; BODIPY = boron-dipyrromethene). This aza-BODIPY-based bimodal contrast agent (AB-BCA) showed a significant fluorescence emission around the NIR range and an enhanced longitudinal relaxivity in MR modality. The probe was easily delivered to phagocytic cells of the innate immune system, together with macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), and presented high-performance fluorescence and MR imaging without obvious cytotoxicity. For in vivo visualization of AB-BCA using MRI and optical imaging, bone marrow-derived DCs were labeled and injected into the footpad of mice, and labeled DCs were tracked in vivo. We observed the migration of AB-BCA-labeled DCs into the lymph nodes via lymphatic vessels using NIR fluorescence and T1-weighted MR images. This dual-modality imaging probe was used for noninvasive monitoring of DC migration into lymph nodes and could be useful for investigating advanced cellular immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joong Kim
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute , Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | | | - Hyunseung Lee
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute , Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Kim
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute , Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Weon Sup Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute , Cheongju 28119, Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Drobyshevsky A, Cotten CM, Shi Z, Luo K, Jiang R, Derrick M, Tracy ET, Gentry T, Goldberg RN, Kurtzberg J, Tan S. Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Ameliorate Motor Deficits in Rabbits in a Cerebral Palsy Model. Dev Neurosci 2015; 37:349-62. [PMID: 25791742 DOI: 10.1159/000374107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) has a significant impact on both patients and society, but therapy is limited. Human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBC), containing various stem and progenitor cells, have been used to treat various brain genetic conditions. In small animal experiments, HUCBC have improved outcomes after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury. Clinical trials using HUCBC are underway, testing feasibility, safety and efficacy for neonatal injury as well as CP. We tested HUCBC therapy in a validated rabbit model of CP after acute changes secondary to HI injury had subsided. Following uterine ischemia at 70% gestation, we infused HUCBC into newborn rabbit kits with either mild or severe neurobehavioral changes. Infusion of high-dose HUCBC (5 × 10(6) cells) dramatically altered the natural history of the injury, alleviating the abnormal phenotype including posture, righting reflex, locomotion, tone, and dystonia. Half the high dose showed lesser but still significant improvement. The swimming test, however, showed that joint function did not restore to naïve control function in either group. Tracing HUCBC with either MRI biomarkers or PCR for human DNA found little penetration of HUCBC in the newborn brain in the immediate newborn period, suggesting that the beneficial effects were not due to cellular integration or direct proliferative effects but rather to paracrine signaling. This is the first study to show that HUCBC improve motor performance in a dose-dependent manner, perhaps by improving compensatory repair processes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hua P, Wang YY, Liu LB, Liu JL, Liu JY, Yang YQ, Yang SR. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging tracking of transplanted superparamagnetic iron oxide-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats with myocardial infarction. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:113-20. [PMID: 25323652 PMCID: PMC4237077 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles generate superparamagnetism, thereby resulting in an inhomogeneous local magnetic field, which shortens the T2 value on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of the present study was to use MRI to track bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) labeled with SPIO in a rat model of myocardial infarction. The BMSCs were isolated from rats and labeled with SPIO. The anterior descending branch of the coronary artery was ligated under anesthesia. Two weeks later, the rats received, at random, 5×107 SPIO-labeled BMSCs, 5×107 unlabeled BMSCs or a vehicle (100 μl phosphate-buffered saline) via direct injection into the ischemic area (20 animals/group). MRI was used to track the SPIO-labeled BMSCs and the rats were then sacrificed to verify the presence of BMSCs using immunohistochemistry with an anti-CD90 antibody. The procedure labeled 99% of the BMSCs with SPIO, which exhibited low-intensity signals on T2 and T2* MRI imaging. At 24 h post-BMSC transplantation, low-intensity MRI signals were detected on the T2 and T2* sequences at the infarction margins. After 3 weeks following transplantation, low-intensity signals started to appear within the infarcted area; however, the signal intensity subsequently decreased and became indistinct. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the SPIO-labeled BMSCs migrated from the margin into the infarcted region. In conclusion, the BMSCs were readily labeled with SPIO and in vivo and MRI tracking demonstrated that the SPIO-labeled BMSCs established and grew in the infarcted myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hua
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Sun Yat‑Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - You-Yu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Li-Bao Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Sun Yat‑Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Liang Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Sun Yat‑Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Sun Yat‑Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qi Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Sun Yat‑Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Song-Ran Yang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a central role in a variety of neurological diseases, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and malignant CNS neoplasms, among many other. Different cell types and molecular mediators participate in a cascade of events in the brain that is ultimately aimed at control, regeneration and repair, but leads to damage of brain tissue under pathological conditions. Non-invasive molecular imaging of key players in the inflammation cascade holds promise for identification and quantification of the disease process before it is too late for effective therapeutic intervention. In this review, we focus on molecular imaging techniques that target inflammatory cells and molecules that are of interest in neuroinflammation, especially those with high translational potential. Over the past decade, a plethora of molecular imaging agents have been developed and tested in animal models of (neuro)inflammation, and a few have been translated from bench to bedside. The most promising imaging techniques to visualize neuroinflammation include MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and optical imaging methods. These techniques enable us to image adhesion molecules to visualize endothelial cell activation, assess leukocyte functions such as oxidative stress, granule release, and phagocytosis, and label a variety of inflammatory cells for cell tracking experiments. In addition, several cell types and their activation can be specifically targeted in vivo, and consequences of neuroinflammation such as neuronal death and demyelination can be quantified. As we continue to make progress in utilizing molecular imaging technology to study and understand neuroinflammation, increasing efforts and investment should be made to bring more of these novel imaging agents from the “bench to bedside.”
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pulli
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - John W Chen
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Irure A, Marradi M, Arnáiz B, Genicio N, Padro D, Penadés S. Sugar/gadolinium-loaded gold nanoparticles for labelling and imaging cells by magnetic resonance imaging. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:658-668. [PMID: 32481838 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60032g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes for selective cell labelling and tracking are highly desired. We here present biocompatible sugar-coated paramagnetic Gd-based gold nanoparticles (Gd-GNPs) and test them as MRI T1 reporters in different cellular lines at a high magnetic field (11.7 T). With an average number of 20 Gd atoms per nanoparticle, Gd-GNPs show relaxivity values r1 ranging from 7 to 18 mM-1 s-1 at 1.41 T. The multivalent presentation of carbohydrates on the Gd-GNPs enhances the avidity of sugars for carbohydrate-binding receptors at the cell surface and increases the local concentration of the probes. A large reduction in longitudinal relaxation times T1 is achieved with both fixed cells and live cells. Differences in cellular labelling are obtained by changing the type of sugar on the gold surface, indicating that simple monosaccharides and disaccharides are able to modulate the cellular uptake. These results stress the benefits of using sugars to produce nanoparticles for cellular labelling. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on labelling and imaging cells with Gd-based gold nanoparticles which use simple sugars as receptor reporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Irure
- Laboratory of Glyconanotechnology, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, P° Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shen Y, Shao Y, He H, Tan Y, Tian X, Xie F, Li L. Gadolinium(3+)-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a potential magnetic resonance tracer for monitoring the migration of stem cells in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:119-27. [PMID: 23319863 PMCID: PMC3540969 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s38213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the tracking potential of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe made of gadolinium-doped mesoporous silica MCM-41 (Gd(2)O(3)@MCM-41) nanoparticles for transplanted bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) in vivo. The nanoparticles, synthesized using a one-step synthetic method, possess hexagonal mesoporous structures with appropriate assembly of nanoscale Gd(2)O(3) clusters. They show little cytotoxicity against proliferation and have a lower effect on the inherent differentiation potential of these labeled stem cells. The tracking of labeled NSCs in murine brains was dynamically determined with a clinical 3T MRI system for at least 14 days. The migration of labeled NSCs identified by MRI corresponded to the results of immunofluorescence imaging. Our study confirms that Gd(2)O(3)@MCM-41 particles can serve as an ideal vector for long-term MRI tracking of MSCs and NSCs in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shen
- Imaging Diagnostic and Interventional Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
To date, several stem cell labeling protocols have been developed, contributing to a fast growing and promising field of stem cell imaging by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Most of these methods utilize iron oxide nanoparticles (MION, SPIO, USPIO, VSIOP) for cell labeling, which provide negative (dark) signal effects on T2-weighted MR images. The following protocol describes stem cell labeling techniques with commercially available gadolinium chelates, which provide positive contrast on T1-weighted MR images, which can be advantageous for specific applications.
Collapse
|
13
|
Nejadnik H, Henning TD, Do T, Sutton EJ, Baehner F, Horvai A, Sennino B, McDonald D, Meier R, Misselwitz B, Link TM, Daldrup-Link HE. MR imaging features of gadofluorine-labeled matrix-associated stem cell implants in cartilage defects. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49971. [PMID: 23251354 PMCID: PMC3520977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of our study was to assess the chondrogenic potential and the MR signal effects of GadofluorineM-Cy labeled matrix associated stem cell implants (MASI) in pig knee specimen. Materials and Methods Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were labeled with the micelle-based contrast agent GadofluorineM-Cy. Ferucarbotran-labeled hMSCs, non-labeled hMSCs and scaffold only served as controls. Chondrogenic differentiation was induced and gene expression and histologic evaluation were performed. The proportions of spindle-shaped vs. round cells of chondrogenic pellets were compared between experimental groups using the Fisher's exact test. Labeled and unlabeled hMSCs and chondrocytes in scaffolds were implanted into cartilage defects of porcine femoral condyles and underwent MR imaging with T1- and T2-weighted SE and GE sequences. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) between implants and adjacent cartilage were determined and analyzed for significant differences between different experimental groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Significance was assigned for p<0.017, considering a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results Collagen type II gene expression levels were not significantly different between different groups (p>0.017). However, hMSC differentiation into chondrocytes was superior for unlabeled and GadofluorineM-Cy-labeled cells compared with Ferucarbotran-labeled cells, as evidenced by a significantly higher proportion of spindle cells in chondrogenic pellets (p<0.05). GadofluorineM-Cy-labeled hMSCs and chondrocytes showed a positive signal effect on T1-weighted images and a negative signal effect on T2-weighted images while Ferucarbotran-labeled cells provided a negative signal effect on all sequences. CNR data for both GadofluorineM-Cy-labeled and Ferucarbotran-labeled hMSCs were significantly different compared to unlabeled control cells on T1-weighted SE and T2*-weighted MR images (p<0.017). Conclusion hMSCs can be labeled by simple incubation with GadofluorineM-Cy. The labeled cells provide significant MR signal effects and less impaired chondrogenesis compared to Ferucarbotran-labeled hMSCs. Thus, GadoflurineM-Cy might represent an alternative MR cell marker to Ferucarbotran, which is not distributed any more in Europe or North America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Nejadnik
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Loai Y, Sakib N, Janik R, Foltz WD, Cheng HL. Human Aortic Endothelial Cell Labeling with Positive Contrast Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles for Cellular Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla. Mol Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive T1 contrast using gadolinium (Gd) contrast agents can potentially improve detection of labeled cells on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recently, gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles have shown promise as a sensitive T1 agent for cell labeling at clinical field strengths compared to conventional Gd chelates. The objective of this study was to investigate Gado CELLTrack, a commercially available Gd2O3 nanoparticle, for cell labeling and MRI at 7 T. Relaxivity measurements yielded r1 = 4.7 s−1 mM−1 and r2/ r1 = 6.2. Human aortic endothelial cells were labeled with Gd2O3 at various concentrations and underwent MRI from 1 to 7 days postlabeling. The magnetic resonance relaxation times T1 and T2 of labeled cell pellets were measured. Cellular contrast agent uptake was quantified by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy, which showed very high uptake compared to conventional Gd compounds. MRI demonstrated significant positive T1 contrast and stable labeling on cells. Enhancement was optimal at low Gd concentrations, attained in the 0.02 to 0.1 mM incubation concentration range (corresponding cell uptake was 7.26 to 34.1 pg Gd/cell). Cell viability and proliferation were unaffected at the concentrations tested and up to at least 3 days postlabeling. Gd2O3 is a promising sensitive and stable positive contrast agent for cellular MRI at 7 T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Loai
- From the Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children; Departments of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto; Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network; and Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Nurus Sakib
- From the Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children; Departments of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto; Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network; and Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Rafal Janik
- From the Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children; Departments of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto; Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network; and Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Warren D. Foltz
- From the Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children; Departments of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto; Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network; and Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - HL Cheng
- From the Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children; Departments of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto; Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network; and Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gadofluorine M-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of inflammatory bowel disease: quantitative analysis and histologic correlation in a rat model. Invest Radiol 2011; 46:478-85. [PMID: 21512398 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e31821459ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES : To determine the colonic mural enhancement in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using gadofluorine M- and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and to correlate the degree of enhancement with the histopathologic severity of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS : This study was approved by our hospital's institutional animal care and use committee. A total of 44 rats with 2 grades (mild, n = 17; and severe, n = 27) of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced IBD and 13 rats without IBD, were examined using a 2.4-T, small animal MR scanner. T2- and T1-weighted MR images were acquired, and sequential T1-weighted MR imaging was then performed immediately and again 15, 45, 60, and 90 minutes, and 24 hours after intravenous -injection of either gadofluorine M- or Gd-DTPA (0.1 mmol Gd/kg body weight). The signal-to-noise ratios and enhancement ratios (ER) of the colon wall were measured. For paired and group comparisons of the histopathology and MR imaging data, the Wilcoxon- and the Mann-Whitney U tests were used, and the multifactorial analysis of variance test was used to compare the time courses of the ERs. RESULTS : Gadofluorine M injection resulted in significant differences in the ER of noninflamed, mildly inflamed, and severely inflamed colon wall at any time up to 24 hours after contrast injection (ER at 24 hours 2.0 ± 1.2; 10.1 ± 4.3; and 49.7 ± 10.8, respectively; P < 0.01). After Gd-DTPA injection, significant differences were observed in the ER of inflamed and noninflamed bowel at 15, 45, and 60 minutes (P < 0.01); however, no significant differences in mildly and severely inflamed bowel were observed at any time. In contrast to Gadofluorine M, there was no prolonged contrast enhancement in the inflamed colon wall after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA (ER at 24 hours 1.6 ± 1.3; 3.4 ± 2.7; and 3.3 ± 1.6, respectively; n.s.). CONCLUSIONS : Gadofluorine M-enhanced MR imaging shows a higher correlation of the wall enhancement and histopathology grading in an IBD rat model than does Gd-DTPA-enhanced imaging.
Collapse
|
16
|
Jestaedt L, Lemke D, Weiler M, Pfenning PN, Heiland S, Wick W, Bendszus M. Gadofluorine M enhanced MRI in experimental glioma: superior and persistent intracellular tumor enhancement compared with conventional MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 35:551-60. [PMID: 22045630 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques (T2-w and Gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced T1-w images) and Gadofluorine-M (GfM), a novel contrast agent in MRI, in murine gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Growth monitoring of murine gliomas (induced in mice) was performed on a 2.3 Tesla Bruker Biospec MRI unit. First all animals were investigated with conventional MRI techniques. In group I GfM was applied at an early stage of disease, in group II at a later stage. After injection of GfM follow-up MRI was performed without further injection of contrast agent. On MR images tumor size and signal intensities were assessed. Animals were killed for histological evaluation. RESULTS In both groups GfM delineated tumor extents larger and more precisely than conventional MRI techniques. The difference between GfM and conventional MRI techniques reached level of significance at both tumor stages. Follow-up MRI after singular injection of GfM showed persistence of GfM in tumor tissue. On tissue sections GfM-enhancing areas corresponded closely to vital tumor tissue. GfM showed a mainly intracellular accumulation. CONCLUSION Application of GfM resulted in superior delineation of experimental glioma compared with conventional MRI techniques. Thus, GfM bears a high potential in clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Jestaedt
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Settles M, Etzrodt M, Kosanke K, Schiemann M, Zimmermann A, Meier R, Braren R, Huber A, Rummeny EJ, Weissleder R, Swirski FK, Wildgruber M. Different capacity of monocyte subsets to phagocytose iron-oxide nanoparticles. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25197. [PMID: 21984904 PMCID: PMC3184946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the capacity of human CD14+CD16++ and CD14++CD16- monocytes to phagocyte iron-oxide nanoparticles in vitro. Methods Human monocytes were labeled with four different magnetic nanoparticle preparations (Ferumoxides, SHU 555C, CLIO-680, MION-48) exhibiting distinct properties and cellular uptake was quantitatively assessed by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Additionally we determined whether cellular uptake of the nanoparticles resulted in phenotypic changes of cell surface markers. Results Cellular uptake differed between the four nanoparticle preparations. However for each nanoparticle tested, CD14++CD16- monocytes displayed a significantly higher uptake compared to CD14+CD16++ monocytes, this resulted in significantly lower T1 and T2 relaxation times of these cells. The uptake of iron-oxide nanoparticles further resulted in a remarkable shift of expression of cell surface proteins indicating that the labeling procedure affects the phenotype of CD14+CD16++ and CD14++CD16- monocytes differently. Conclusion Human monocyte subsets internalize different magnetic nanoparticle preparations differently, resulting in variable loading capacities, imaging phenotypes and likely biological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Settles
- Institut für Radiologie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guenoun J, Koning GA, Doeswijk G, Bosman L, Wielopolski PA, Krestin GP, Bernsen MR. Cationic Gd-DTPA liposomes for highly efficient labeling of mesenchymal stem cells and cell tracking with MRI. Cell Transplant 2011; 21:191-205. [PMID: 21929868 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x593118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study cell labeling was performed with water-soluble gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA containing liposomes, to allow for cell tracking by MRI. Liposomes were used to assure a highly concentrated intracellular build up of Gd, aiming to overcome the relatively low MRI sensitivity of Gd (compared to T2 contrast agents). Liposomes were positively charged (cationic) to facilitate uptake by binding to anionic charges in the cell membrane of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We determined the cellular Gd load by variations in labeling time (1, 4, and 24 h) and liposome concentration (125, 250, 500, 1000 μM lipid), closely monitoring effects on cell viability, proliferation rate, and differentiation ability. Labeling was both time and dose dependent. Labeling for 4 h was most efficient regarding the combination of processing time and final cellular Gd uptake. Labeling for 4 h with low-dose concentration (125 μM lipid, corresponding to 52 ± 3 μM Gd) yielded an intracellular load of 30 ± 2.5 pg Gd cell(-1), without any effects on cell viability, proliferation, and cell differentiation. Gd liposomes, colabeled with fluorescent dyes, exhibited a prolonged cellular retention, with an endosomal distribution pattern. In vitro assay over 20 days demonstrated a drop in the average Gd load per cell, as a result of mitosis. However, there was no significant change in the sum of the Gd load in all daughter cells at endpoint (20 days), indicating an excellent cellular retention of Gd. MSCs labeled with Gd liposomes were imaged with MRI at both 1.5T and 3.0T, resulting in excellent visualization both in vitro and in vivo. Prolonged in vivo imaging of 500,000 Gd-labeled cells was possible for at least 2 weeks (3.0T). In conclusion, Gd-loaded cationic liposomes (125 μM lipid) are an excellent candidate to label cells, without detrimental effects on cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation, and can be visualized by MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Guenoun
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rago G, Langer CM, Brackman C, Day JP, Domke KF, Raschzok N, Schmidt C, Sauer IM, Enejder A, Mogl MT, Bonn M. CARS microscopy for the visualization of micrometer-sized iron oxide MRI contrast agents in living cells. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 2:2470-2483. [PMID: 21991541 PMCID: PMC3184857 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.002470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Micrometer-sized iron oxide particles (MPIOs) attract increasing interest as contrast agents for cellular tracking by clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Despite the great potential of MPIOs for in vivo imaging of labeled cells, little is known on the intracellular localization of these particles following uptake due to the lack of techniques with the ability to monitor the particle uptake in vivo at single-cell level. Here, we show that coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy enables non-invasive, label-free imaging of MPIOs in living cells with sub-micron resolution in three dimensions. CARS allows simultaneous visualization of the cell framework and the MPIOs, where the particles can be readily distinguished from other cellular components of comparable dimensions, and localized inside the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rago
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolin M. Langer
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité-Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Brackman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 4, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - James P.R. Day
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin F. Domke
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathanael Raschzok
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité-Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Igor M. Sauer
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité-Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Enejder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 4, Göteborg, Sweden
- These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Martina T. Mogl
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité-Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Mischa Bonn
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Young VEL, Degnan AJ, Gillard JH. Advances in contrast media for vascular imaging of atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/iim.11.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
21
|
Kim SJ, Moon WK, Choi SH, Chang JM, Cho N. Magnetic resonance enhancement pattern and diagnostic accuracy of gadofluorine M in a rabbit VX2 tumor model: Comparison with gadopentetate dimeglumine. Eur J Radiol 2011; 81:1751-7. [PMID: 21477960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the enhancement pattern and the diagnostic accuracy of gadofluorine M in comparison with gadopentetate dimeglumine in a rabbit VX2 tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen rabbits with experimentally induced VX2 carcinomas in the thighs underwent sequential T1-weighted enhancement MR imaging using a 3.0T MR imager, first with gadopentetate dimeglumine, and then 24 (n=4) or 4h (n=9) later with gadofluorine M. In 4 rabbits with 13 tumors, the time-percentage enhancement (PE; i.e., percentage of signal intensity increase) curve was obtained for up to 24h for each contrast agent. In 9 rabbits with 49 tumors (random numbers of VX2 tumors were inoculated at random sites in the thigh), 3 readers unaware of the histopathologic results interpreted the MR images and determined the number and conspicuity level of the detected tumors. The reference standard was the histopathology of the specimen. RESULTS The time-to-peak PE for gadopentetate dimeglumine was 1min and gadopentetate dimeglumine showed a rapid washout pattern. The time-to-peak PE for gadofluorine M was 30min and gadofluorine M showed a plateau enhancement pattern for up to 24h. The peak PE of gadofluorine M was approximately twice that of the same dose of gadopentetate dimeglumine (108.2±14.8 vs. 51.5±24.0). The sensitivities for detecting VX2 tumors by 3 readers were 89.8% (44/49), 85.7% (42/49), and 95.9% (47/49) for gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging, and 87.8% (43/49), 89.8% (44/49), and 89.8% (44/49) for gadofluorine M-enhanced MR imaging. No significant differences in the sensitivities existed between the two contrast agents for any reader. However, the conspicuity level of tumors was superior with gadofluorine M-enhanced MR imaging for two readers and similar for the other reader. CONCLUSION Gadofluorine M showed strong and plateau enhancement of tumors for up to 24h. In the reader study, gadofluorine M showed better conspicuity for VX2 tumors than gadopentetate dimeglumine, but had a similar sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ja Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shen J, Duan XH, Cheng LN, Zhong XM, Guo RM, Zhang F, Zhou CP, Liang BL. In vivo MR imaging tracking of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells in a rabbit model of acute peripheral nerve traction injury. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 32:1076-85. [PMID: 21031511 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate in vivo MRI tracking mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in peripheral nerve injures using a clinically available paramagnetic contrast agent (Gd-DTPA) and commercially available rhodamine-incorporated transfection reagents (PEI-FluoR). MATERIALS AND METHODS After bone marrow MSCs were labeled with Gd-DTPA and PEI-FluoR complex, the labeling efficacy and longevity of Gd-DTPA maintenance were measured and cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed. Thirty-six rabbits with acute sciatic nerve traction injury randomly received 1 × 10(6) labeled (n = 12) or unlabeled MSCs (n = 12) or vehicle alone injection. The distribution and migration of implanted cells was followed by MRI and correlated with histology. The relative signal intensity (RSL) of the grafts was measured. RESULTS The labeling efficiency was 76 ± 4.7% and the labeling procedure did not influence cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis. A persistent higher RSL in grafts was found in the labeled group compared with the unlabeled and vehicle groups until 10 days after transplantation (P < 0.05). The distribution and migration of labeled cells could be tracked by MRI until 10 days after transplantation. Transplanted MSCs were not found to transdifferentiate into Schwann-like cells within 14-day follow-up. CONCLUSION Labeling MSCs with the dual agents may enable cellular MRI of the engraftment in the experimental peripheral nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. junshenjun@ hotmail.com
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wuerfel E, Infante-Duarte C, Glumm R, Wuerfel JT. Gadofluorine M-enhanced MRI shows involvement of circumventricular organs in neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2010; 7:70. [PMID: 20955604 PMCID: PMC2978145 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circumventricular organs (CVO) are cerebral areas with incomplete endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) and therefore regarded as "gates to the brain". During inflammation, they may exert an active role in determining immune cell recruitment into the brain. Methods In a longitudinal study we investigated in vivo alterations of CVO during neuroinflammation, applying Gadofluorine M- (Gf) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. SJL/J mice were monitored by Gadopentate dimeglumine- (Gd-DTPA) and Gf-enhanced MRI after adoptive transfer of proteolipid-protein-specific T cells. Mean Gf intensity ratios were calculated individually for different CVO and correlated to the clinical disease course. Subsequently, the tissue distribution of fluorescence-labeled Gf as well as the extent of cellular inflammation was assessed in corresponding histological slices. Results We could show that the Gf signal intensity of the choroid plexus, the subfornicular organ and the area postrema increased significantly during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, correlating with (1) disease severity and (2) the delay of disease onset after immunization. For the choroid plexus, the extent of Gf enhancement served as a diagnostic criterion to distinguish between diseased and healthy control mice with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 80%. Furthermore, Gf improved the detection of lesions, being particularly sensitive to optic neuritis. In correlated histological slices, Gf initially accumulated in the extracellular matrix surrounding inflammatory foci and was subsequently incorporated by macrophages/microglia. Conclusion Gf-enhanced MRI provides a novel highly sensitive technique to study cerebral BBB alterations. We demonstrate for the first time in vivo the involvement of CVO during the development of neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Wuerfel
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sutton EJ, Henning TD, Boddington S, Demos S, Krug C, Meier R, Kornak J, Zhao S, Baehner R, Sharifi S, Daldrup-Link H. In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Optical Imaging Comparison of Viable and Nonviable Mesenchymal Stem Cells with a Bifunctional Label. Mol Imaging 2010. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2010.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Jane Sutton
- From the Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - Tobias D. Henning
- From the Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - Sophie Boddington
- From the Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - Stavros Demos
- From the Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - Christian Krug
- From the Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - Reinhardt Meier
- From the Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - John Kornak
- From the Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - Shoujun Zhao
- From the Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - Rick Baehner
- From the Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - Sheida Sharifi
- From the Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - Heike Daldrup-Link
- From the Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammation is an important component not only in autoimmune but also in ischemic/degenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). We here review magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based techniques to visualize neuroinflammation in vivo. RECENT FINDINGS Iron oxide particles such as superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and ultrasmall SPIO (USPIO) are phagocytosed by hematogeneous macrophages upon systemic application into the circulation and allow in-vivo tracking of infiltration to the CNS due to their paramagnetic effect by MRI in experimental CNS disorders, and also in multiple sclerosis and stroke. Thereby, the size and application scheme of the iron particles is critical for interpretation of the MRI data which in addition to neuroinflammation involves passive diffusion and intravascular trapping. Targeting of inflammatory, activation-dependent enzymes such as myeloperoxidase or immune function molecules by MR contrast agents represents a molecular approach to visualize critical steps of lesion development caused by neuroinflammation. Clinical studies with Gd-DTPA in conjunction with experimental investigations employing more sensitive MR contrast agents such as gadofluorine revealed that breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and SPIO/USPIO-related macrophage infiltration occur mostly independently. SUMMARY Cellular and targeted molecular MRI provides important insights into the dynamics of neuroinflammation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tseng CL, Shih IL, Stobinski L, Lin FH. Gadolinium hexanedione nanoparticles for stem cell labeling and tracking via magnetic resonance imaging. Biomaterials 2010; 31:5427-35. [PMID: 20400176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability to trace transplanted stem cells and monitor their tissue biodistribution is prerequisite to an understanding of cellular migration after transplantation. Therefore, a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent made of gadolinium hexanedione nanoparticles (GdH-NPs) was developed as a cell tracking agent. The GdH-NPs were fabricated by the microemulsion process. The physical characteristics, biocompatibility, and T1-MRI signal enhancement of these NPs were analyzed and evaluated for stem cell tracking. In this study, the size of the synthesized GdH-NPs was about 140 nm, and it had greater image enhancement ability than commercial gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). From the biocompability test, we found GdH-NPs were nontoxic for human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The expression of surface antigens of hMSCs after culture with GdH-NPs was examined, and it showed no difference from the control group. The results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging for labeled hMSCs showed GdH-NPs were accumulated in the cells by the endocytotic pathway. The accumulation of GdH-NPs in hMSCs was three times higher in comparison to Gd-DTPA. Human MSCs labeled with low concentration of GdH-NPs (10 microg/mL) hold better signals in cellular MR image. We conclude GdH-NPs can be used to label hMSCs in vitro with greater T1 image-enhancing property and without affecting cell quality. Finally, GdH-NPs have great potential as a contrast agent for stem cell tracking by MRI methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Li Tseng
- Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Rd, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kraitchman DL, Caravan P. Magnetic resonance labeling of stem cells: is positive tracking a plus or a minus? JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 2:1123-5. [PMID: 19761993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
28
|
Müller T. Role of intraspinal steroid application in patients with multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother 2009; 9:1279-87. [PMID: 19769444 DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials on patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) have shown no clear evidence of an effective symptomatic treatment with improving disability. Immunomodulatory compounds efficaciously reduce the relapse rate. Numerous earlier papers exist on the pros and cons and/or on the efficacy of intrathecal administration of differing dosages of various conventional released steroids. Furthermore, this treatment approach was nearly abondoned owing to a debate on side effects and a missing proven superiority over intravenous systemic high dosage steroid administration. However, recent open-label studies in progressive MS patients with predominant spinal symptomatology investigated the repeated intraspinal application of the sustained-release compound triamcinolone acetonide (TCA). A distinct improvement of walking distance and MS scores in the short term and stabilization of this beneficial effect after repeat TCA application every 6-12 weeks was found. Moreover, patients with a relapse with acute onset of painful sensations showed a marked pain improvement after repeated TCA application following prior unsuccessful treatment with intravenous steroids. The available data from open studies ask for the performance of a randomized clinical trial, comparing intravenous with intrathecal steroid administration, to confirm the higher efficacy of the more invasive therapy with repeated lumbar puncture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, St Joseph Hospital, Berlin-Weissensee, Gartenstrasse 1, 13088 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Adler ED, Bystrup A, Briley-Saebo KC, Mani V, Young W, Giovanonne S, Altman P, Kattman SJ, Frank JA, Weinmann HJ, Keller GM, Fayad ZA. In vivo detection of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells using Cy3-labeled Gadofluorine M in murine myocardium. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 2:1114-22. [PMID: 19761992 PMCID: PMC3638738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study is to test the ability to label and detect murine embryonic stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (ES-CPC) with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) using the novel contrast agent Gadofluorine M-Cy3 (GdFM-Cy3). BACKGROUND Cell therapy shows great promise for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. An important limitation to previous clinical studies is the inability to accurately identify transplanted cells. GdFM-Cy3 is a lipophilic paramagnetic contrast agent that contains a perfluorinated side chain and an amphiphilic character that allows for micelle formation in an aqueous solution. Previous studies reported that it is easily taken up and stored within the cytosol of mesenchymal stem cells, thereby allowing for paramagnetic cell labeling. Investigators in our laboratory have recently developed techniques for the robust generation of ES-CPC. We reasoned that GdFM-Cy3 would be a promising agent for the in vivo detection of these cells after cardiac cell transplantation. METHODS ES-CPC were labeled with GdFM-Cy3 by incubation. In vitro studies were performed to assess the impact of GdFM-Cy3 on cell function and survival. A total of 500,000 GdFM-Cy3-labeled ES-CPC or control ES-CPC were injected into the myocardium of mice with and without myocardial infarction. Mice were imaged (9.4-T) before and over a 2-week time interval after stem cell transplantation. Mice were then euthanized, and their hearts were sectioned for fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS In vitro studies demonstrated that GdFM-Cy3 was easily transfectable, nontoxic, stayed within cells after labeling, and could be visualized using CMR and fluorescence microscopy. In vivo studies confirmed the efficacy of the agent for the detection of cells transplanted into the hearts of mice after myocardial infarction. A correspondence between CMR and histology was observed. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggest that it is possible to identify and potentially track GdFM-Cy3-labeled ES-CPC in murine infarct models via CMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Adler
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bernsen MR, Moelker AD, Wielopolski PA, van Tiel ST, Krestin GP. Labelling of mammalian cells for visualisation by MRI. Eur Radiol 2009; 20:255-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-009-1540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
31
|
Shen J, Cheng LN, Zhong XM, Duan XH, Guo RM, Hong GB. Efficient in vitro labeling rabbit neural stem cell with paramagnetic Gd-DTPA and fluorescent substance. Eur J Radiol 2009; 75:397-405. [PMID: 19427151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to label rabbit neural stem cells (NSCs) by using standard contrast agents (Gd-DTPA) in combination with PKH26 and in vitro track them with MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS NSCs from prenatal brains of rabbits were cultured and propagated. Intracellular uptake of Gd-DTPA was achieved by using a non-liposomal lipid transfection reagent (Effectene) as the transfection agent. After labeling with Gd-DTPA, cells were incubated with cellular membrane fluorescent dye PKH26. The labeling effectiveness and the longevity of Gd-DTPA maintenance were measured on a 1.5T MR scanner. The influence of labeling on the cellular biological behaviors was assessed by cellular viability, proliferation and differentiation assessment. RESULTS The labeling efficiency of Gd-DTPA was up to 90%. The signal intensity on T1-weighted imaging and T1 values of labeled cells were significantly higher than those of unlabeled cells (P<0.05). The minimal number of detectable cells for T1-weighted imaging was 5×10(3). Cellular uptake of Gd-DTPA was maintained until 15 days after initially labeling. There was no significant difference in the cellular viability and proliferation between the labeled and unlabeled NSCs (P>0.05). Normal glial and neuronal differentiation remained in labeled NSCs like unlabeled NSCs. CONCLUSION Highly efficient labeling NSCs with Gd-DTPA could be achieved by using Effectene. This method of labeling NSCs allows for tracking cells with MR imaging, and without alterations of cellular biological behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ronald JA, Chen Y, Belisle AJL, Hamilton AM, Rogers KA, Hegele RA, Misselwitz B, Rutt BK. Comparison of gadofluorine-M and Gd-DTPA for noninvasive staging of atherosclerotic plaque stability using MRI. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 2:226-34. [PMID: 19808597 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.108.826826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and neovascularization play critical roles in the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. Whole-body quantitative assessment of these plaque features may improve patient risk-stratification for life-threatening thromboembolic events and direct appropriate intervention. In this report, we determined the utility of the MR contrast agent gadofluorine-M (GdF) for staging plaque stability and compared this to the conventional agent Gd-DTPA. METHODS AND RESULTS Five control and 7 atherosclerotic rabbits were sequentially imaged after administration of Gd-DTPA (0.2 mmol/kg) and GdF (0.1 mmol/kg) using a T(1)-weighted pulse sequence on a 3-T MRI scanner. Diseased aortic wall could be distinguished from normal wall based on wall-to-muscle contrast-to-noise values after GdF administration. RAM-11 (macrophages) and CD-31 (endothelial cells) immunostaining of MR-matched histological sections revealed that GdF accumulation was related to the degree of inflammation at the surface of plaques and the extent of core neovascularization. Importantly, an MR measure of GdF accumulation at both 1 and 24 hours after injection but not Gd-DTPA at peak enhancement was shown to correlate with a quantitative histological morphology index related to these 2 plaque features. CONCLUSIONS GdF-enhanced MRI of atherosclerotic plaques allows noninvasive quantitative information about plaque composition to be acquired at multiple time points after injection (within 1 and up to 24 hours after injection). This dramatically widens the imaging window for assessing plaque stability that is currently attainable with clinically approved MR agents, therefore opening the possibility of whole-body (including coronary) detection of unstable plaques in the future and potentially improved mitigation of cataclysmic cardiovascular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Ronald
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Beckmann N, Cannet C, Babin AL, Blé F, Zurbruegg S, Kneuer R, Dousset V. In vivo
visualization of macrophage infiltration and activity in inflammation using magnetic resonance imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 1:272-98. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolau Beckmann
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Louise Babin
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, King's College, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - François‐Xavier Blé
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Canada M5T 3H7
| | - Stefan Zurbruegg
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Kneuer
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Dousset
- University Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, EA 2966 Neurobiology of Myelin Disease Laboratory, CHU de Bordeaux, F‐33076 Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nolte IS, Gungor S, Erber R, Plaxina E, Scharf J, Misselwitz B, Gerigk L, Przybilla H, Groden C, Brockmann MA. In vitro labeling of glioma cells with gadofluorine M enhances T1 visibility without affecting glioma cell growth or motility. Magn Reson Med 2008; 59:1014-20. [PMID: 18429039 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gadofluorine is a novel macrocyclic, amphiphilic gadolinium-based contrast agent. We found that malignant glioma cells could be labeled in vitro using Gadofluorine without the need for transfection agents or any other additional means. Labeling with Gadofluorine enhanced the visualization of glioma cells in T(1)-weighted sequences, even if the cells had been cultured in medium without Gadofluorine over several days. The intracellular uptake of Gadofluorine was measured and the loss of relevant amounts of Gadofluorine into the cell culture medium was ruled out by MRI. Confocal laser fluorescence microscopy revealed Cy-5-labeled Gadofluorine in the perinuclear cytoplasmic region, but neither within the nucleus nor bound to the cell membrane. Adverse effects of cellular Gadofluorine uptake were ruled out by proliferation and migration assays. Finally, in vivo analyses provided good visibility of labeled glioma cells in T(1)-weighted sequences after intracerebral injection in mice for more than 2 weeks. We thus conclude that Gadofluorine can easily be used to label glioma cells in vitro without affecting glioma cell biology. Gadofluorine provides an interesting alternative for cellular labeling if iron oxide particles are incorporated insufficiently by target cells or if the vicinity of susceptibility artifacts prohibits the use of signal-decreasing contrast agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo S Nolte
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim,Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bendszus M, Ladewig G, Jestaedt L, Misselwitz B, Solymosi L, Toyka K, Stoll G. Gadofluorine M enhancement allows more sensitive detection of inflammatory CNS lesions than T2-w imaging: a quantitative MRI study. Brain 2008; 131:2341-52. [PMID: 18669504 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awn156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of multiple sclerosis. Currently available magnetic resonance-techniques only partly reflect the extent of tissue inflammation and damage. In the present study, application of the experimental magnetic resonance-contrast agent Gadofluorine M significantly increased the sensitivity of lesion detection in myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model for multiple sclerosis. Gadofluorine M-enhancement on T(1)-weighted (T(1)-w) images utilizing a clinical 1.5 T magnetic resonance unit showed numerous lesions in optic nerve, spinal cord and brain, the majority of which were not detectable on standard T(2)-weighted (T(2)-w) and Gd-DTPA enhanced T(1)-w sequences. Quantitative assessment by pixel counts revealed highly significant differences in sensitivity in favour of Gadofluorine M. Gadofluorine uptake closely corresponded to inflammation and demyelination on tissue sections. These unique features of Gadofluorine M in visualizing inflammatory CNS lesions hold promise for future clinical development in multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Henning TD, Boddington S, Daldrup-Link HE. Labeling hESCs and hMSCs with iron oxide nanoparticles for non-invasive in vivo tracking with MR imaging. J Vis Exp 2008:685. [PMID: 19066574 DOI: 10.3791/685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, stem cell research has led to a better understanding of developmental biology, various diseases and its potential impact on regenerative medicine. A non-invasive method to monitor the transplanted stem cells repeatedly in vivo would greatly enhance our ability to understand the mechanisms that control stem cell death and identify trophic factors and signaling pathways that improve stem cell engraftment. MR imaging has been proven to be an effective tool for the in vivo depiction of stem cells with near microscopic anatomical resolution. In order to detect stem cells with MR, the cells have to be labeled with cell specific MR contrast agents. For this purpose, iron oxide nanoparticles, such as superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO), are applied, because of their high sensitivity for cell detection and their excellent biocompatibility. SPIO particles are composed of an iron oxide core and a dextran, carboxydextran or starch coat, and function by creating local field inhomogeneities, that cause a decreased signal on T2-weighted MR images. This presentation will demonstrate techniques for labeling of stem cells with clinically applicable MR contrast agents for subsequent non-invasive in vivo tracking of the labeled cells with MR imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias D Henning
- Contrast Agent Research Group at Center for Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|