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Ryan CA, Purfield DC, Naderi S, Berry DP. Associations between polymorphisms in the myostatin gene with calving difficulty and carcass merit in cattle. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad371. [PMID: 37935361 PMCID: PMC10684047 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A fully functional myostatin gene inhibits muscle fiber growth. The objective of the present study was to quantify the association between 21 known myostatin mutations with both calving and carcass traits in 12 cattle breeds. The myostatin genotypes of 32,770 dam-progeny combinations were used in the association analysis of calving dystocia, with the genotypes of 129,803 animals used in the mixed model association analyses of carcass weight, conformation, and fat score. The mixed model included additive genetic, maternal, and permanent environmental effects where appropriate. The mutant genotypes of nt821, Q204X, and F94L were all associated (P < 0.01) with more calving difficulty when present in either the dam or the progeny. The nt821 deletion had the greatest association with calving difficulty when the homozygous deletion was present in either the calf (0.37 points greater calving difficulty score relative to calves carrying no copies of the deletion based on a one to four scale) or the dam (1.30 points greater calving difficulty score relative to dams carrying no copies of the deletion), although the association between the calf's nt821 genotype and calving difficulty differed depending on the nt821 genotype of the dam. With the exception of nt748_78, nt414, and nt374_51, all other seven segregating myostatin variants were associated (range of allele substitution effect size relative to animals with no copies of the mutant allele) with carcass weight (2.36 kg lighter to 15.56 kg heavier), all 10 segregating variants with conformation (0.15 units less conformed to 2.24 units more conformed assessed on a scale of 1 to 15), and all segregating variants other than E226X with carcass fat (0.23 units less carcass fat cover to 3.85 units more carcass fat cover assessed on a scale of 1 to 15). Of these, the F94L, Q204X, and nt821 mutations generally had the greatest association with all three carcass traits, giving rise to heavier and more conformed carcasses. Despite the antagonistic genetic relationship between calving difficulty and carcass traits, the nt374_51, F94L, and E226X mutations were all associated with improved carcass merit while having minimal expected consequences on calving difficulty. Thus, animals carrying these mutation(s) may have favorable genetic merit for calving difficulty and carcass merit. Furthermore, depending on the dam genotype, a bull with two copies of the nt821 mutation can produce progeny with improved carcass merit while minimizing calving problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliona A Ryan
- Department of Animal Bioscience, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre C Purfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Saeid Naderi
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Donagh P Berry
- Department of Animal Bioscience, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis of Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome: Lessons from Targeted and Natural Mutations in Animal Models. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:jdb8040025. [PMID: 33050204 PMCID: PMC7711556 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC; MIM ID #225500) is a rare congenital disease with an occurrence of 1 in 60,000. It is characterized by remarkable skeletal dysplasia, such as short limbs, ribs and polydactyly, and orofacial anomalies. With two of three patients first noted as being offspring of consanguineous marriage, this autosomal recessive disease results from mutations in one of two causative genes: EVC or EVC2/LIMBIN. The recent identification and manipulation of genetic homologs in animals has deepened our understanding beyond human case studies and provided critical insight into disease pathogenesis. This review highlights the utility of animal-based studies of EVC by summarizing: (1) molecular biology of EVC and EVC2/LIMBIN, (2) human disease signs, (3) dysplastic limb development, (4) craniofacial anomalies, (5) tooth anomalies, (6) tracheal cartilage abnormalities, and (7) EVC-like disorders in non-human species.
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Casas E, Kehrli ME. A Review of Selected Genes with Known Effects on Performance and Health of Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:113. [PMID: 28018909 PMCID: PMC5156656 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are genetic conditions that influence production in dairy and beef cattle. The objective of this review was to describe relevant genetic conditions that have been associated with productivity and health in cattle. Genes or genomic regions that have been identified as a candidate for the condition will be included, and the genetic basis of the condition will be defined. Genes and genetic conditions included in this review are bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency, deficiency of the uridine monophosphate synthase, bovine chronic interstitial nephritis, horn development, myostatin, complex vertebral malformation, leptin, osteopetrosis, apoptosis peptide activating factor 1, chondrodysplastic dwarfism, caseins, calpastatin, umbilical hernia, lactoglobulin, citrullinemia, cholesterol deficiency, prions, thyroglobulin, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, syndactyly, maple syrup urine disease, slick hair, Factor XI deficiency, and μ-Calpain. This review is not meant to be comprehensive, and relevant information is provided to ascertain genetic markers associated with the conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Casas
- National Animal Disease Center, USDA, ARS, Ames, IA, USA
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Badri MK, Zhang H, Ohyama Y, Venkitapathi S, Kamiya N, Takeda H, Ray M, Scott G, Tsuji T, Kunieda T, Mishina Y, Mochida Y. Ellis Van Creveld2 is Required for Postnatal Craniofacial Bone Development. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:1110-20. [PMID: 27090777 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ellis-van Creveld (EvC) syndrome is a genetic disorder with mutations in either EVC or EVC2 gene. Previous case studies reported that EvC patients underwent orthodontic treatment, suggesting the presence of craniofacial bone phenotypes. To investigate whether a mutation in EVC2 gene causes a craniofacial bone phenotype, Evc2 knockout (KO) mice were generated and cephalometric analysis was performed. The heads of wild type (WT), heterozygous (Het) and homozygous Evc2 KO mice (1-, 3-, and 6-week-old) were prepared and cephalometric analysis based on the selected reference points on lateral X-ray radiographs was performed. The linear and angular bone measurements were then calculated, compared between WT, Het and KO and statistically analyzed at each time point. Our data showed that length of craniofacial bones in KO was significantly lowered by ∼20% to that of WT and Het, the growth of certain bones, including nasal bone, palatal length, and premaxilla was more affected in KO, and the reduction in these bone length was more significantly enhanced at later postnatal time points (3 and 6 weeks) than early time point (1 week). Furthermore, bone-to-bone relationship to cranial base and cranial vault in KO was remarkably changed, i.e. cranial vault and nasal bone were depressed and premaxilla and mandible were developed in a more ventral direction. Our study was the first to show the cause-effect relationship between Evc2 deficiency and craniofacial defects in EvC syndrome, demonstrating that Evc2 is required for craniofacial bone development and its deficiency leads to specific facial bone growth defect. Anat Rec, 299:1110-1120, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K Badri
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yoshio Ohyama
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sundharamani Venkitapathi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Haruko Takeda
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Manas Ray
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Greg Scott
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Takehito Tsuji
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama City, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kunieda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama City, Japan
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Yoshiyuki Mochida
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ruiz-Perez VL, Goodship JA. Ellis-van Creveld syndrome and Weyers acrodental dysostosis are caused by cilia-mediated diminished response to hedgehog ligands. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 151C:341-51. [PMID: 19876929 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EvC; OMIM 225500) is a recessive disorder comprising chondrodysplasia, polydactyly, nail dysplasia, orofacial abnormalities and, in a proportion of patients, cardiovascular malformations. Weyers acrodental dysostosis (Weyers; OMIM 193530) is an allelic dominant disorder comprising polydactyly, nail dysplasia, and orofacial abnormalities. EvC results from loss-of-function mutations in EVC or EVC2, the phenotype associated with the mutations in these two genes being indistinguishable. Three convincing causative mutations have been identified in patients with Weyers acrodental dysostosis, which are clustered in the last coding exon of EVC2 and lead to production of a truncated protein lacking the final 43 amino acids. Localization and function of EVC and EVC2 are inferred from studying the murine orthologs. Both Evc and Evc2 proteins localize to the basal bodies of primary cilia and analysis of an Ellis-van Creveld mouse model, which includes the limb shortening and tooth abnormalities of EvC patients, has demonstrated Hedgehog signaling defects in the absence of Evc. The loss of Evc2 has not been studied directly, but Hedgehog signaling is impaired when a mutant murine Evc2 Weyer variant is expressed in vitro. We conclude that the phenotypic abnormalities in EvC and Weyers syndrome result from tissue specific disruption of the response to Hh ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L Ruiz-Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autó noma de Madrid, Spain.
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Maudet C, Beja-Pereira A, Zeyl E, Nagash H, Kence A, Özüt D, Biju-Duval MP, Boolormaa S, Coltman DW, Taberlet P, Luikart G. A standard set of polymorphic microsatellites for threatened mountain ungulates (Caprini, Artiodactyla). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Takeda H, Sugimoto Y. Construction of YAC/BAC contig map for the BTA 6q21 region containing a locus for bovine chondrodysplastic dwarfism. Anim Biotechnol 2003; 14:51-9. [PMID: 12887179 DOI: 10.1081/abio-120020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the bovine chromosome 6q21 for bovine chondrodysplastic dwarfism (BCD), we developed 48 new microsatellite markers from yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones using a modified magnetic bead capture method. These new markers were used to construct a high-resolution physical map of the region with a total of 85 loci. The physical map will be a powerful tool for successful positional cloning experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takeda
- Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Odakura, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan.
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Takami M, Yoneda K, Kobayashi Y, Moritomo Y, Kata SR, Womack JE, Kunieda T. The bovine fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene is not the locus responsible for bovine chondrodysplastic dwarfism in Japanese brown cattle. Anim Genet 2002; 33:351-5. [PMID: 12354143 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is one of the four distinct membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase receptors for fibroblast growth factors. The FGFR3 is a negative regulator of endochondral ossification and mutations in the FGFR3 gene have been found in patients of human hereditary diseases with chondrodysplastic phenotypes. Recently, we mapped the locus responsible for hereditary chondrodysplastic dwarfism in Japanese brown cattle to the distal region of bovine chromosome 6 close to the FGFR3 gene, suggesting that FGFR3 was a positional candidate gene for this disorder. In the present study, we isolated complementary DNA (cDNA) clones containing the entire coding region of the bovine FGFR3 gene. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence between affected and normal animals revealed no disease-specific differences in the deduced amino acid sequences. We further refined the localization of FGFR3 by radiation hybrid mapping, which is distinct from that of the disease locus. Therefore we conclude that bovine chondrodysplastic dwarfism in Japanese brown cattle is not caused by mutation in the FGFR3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takami
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Takeda H, Takami M, Oguni T, Tsuji T, Yoneda K, Sato H, Ihara N, Itoh T, Kata SR, Mishina Y, Womack JE, Moritomo Y, Sugimoto Y, Kunieda T. Positional cloning of the gene LIMBIN responsible for bovine chondrodysplastic dwarfism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:10549-54. [PMID: 12136126 PMCID: PMC124971 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.152337899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrodysplastic dwarfism in Japanese brown cattle is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short limbs. Previously, we mapped the locus responsible for the disease on the distal end of bovine chromosome 6. Here, we narrowed the critical region to approximately 2 cM by using linkage analysis, constructed a BAC and YAC contig covering this region, and identified a gene, LIMBIN (LBN), that possessed disease-specific mutations in the affected calves. One mutation was a single nucleotide substitution leading to an activation of a cryptic splicing donor site and the other was a one-base deletion resulting in a frameshift mutation. Strong expression of the Lbn gene was observed in limb buds of developing mouse embryos and in proliferating chondrocytes and bone-forming osteoblasts in long bones. These findings indicate that LBN is responsible for bovine chondrodysplastic dwarfism and has a critical role in a skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takeda
- Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Nishi-shirakawa, Fukushima 961-8061, Japan
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Weikard R, Kühn C, Goldammer T, Laurent P, Womack JE, Schwerin M. Targeted construction of a high-resolution, integrated, comprehensive, and comparative map for a region specific to bovine chromosome 6 based on radiation hybrid mapping. Genomics 2002; 79:768-76. [PMID: 12036290 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2002.6778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To resolve a candidate chromosome region on the middle part of bovine chromosome 6 (BTA6) containing several different quantitative trait locus (QTL) intervals, we constructed a high-resolution, integrated, comprehensive, and comparative map using a 12,000-rad, whole-genome, cattle-hamster radiation hybrid (RH) panel. The RH map includes a total of 71 loci either selected from bovine and comparative maps or targeted directly from a microdissection library specific for the BTA6 region. All loci typed were placed in one linkage group at a lod score threshold of 4.0. The length of the comprehensive RH map, which is the first high-resolution RH map in cattle, spans 2568.8 cR(12,000). The order of markers obtained principally agrees with the order on published bovine genetic maps. Our RH map integrates markers as well as genes and ESTs available from several physical and genetic maps of BTA6 and the orthologous ovine chromosome 6, human chromosome 4, and mouse chromosomes 5/3. Comparative analysis confirms and refines current knowledge about conservation and rearrangements in corresponding chromosomal regions on BTA6. We identified and localized two new breakpoints for intrachromosomal rearrangements between human chromosome 4 and BTA6. This RH map is a powerful tool in all aspects of genetic, physical, transcript, and comparative mapping. Due to its links to the gene-dense maps of human and mouse, it can serve as a prerequisite to identify possible candidate genes for quantitative trait loci localized in the targeted BTA6 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Weikard
- Forschungsinstitut für die Biologie landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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Moritomo Y, Tsuda T, Miyamoto H. Skeletal aspects of the atlanto-occipital fusion in a Japanese brown calf. J Vet Med Sci 2001; 63:1335-7. [PMID: 11789614 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.63.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atlanto-occipital fusion in a Japanese Brown calf was examined morphologically, paying special attention to skeletal changes. At the craniovertebral junction, the basal occipital bone fused to the cranial extremity of the ventral arch of the atlas with the rudiment of the atlantal centrum. The dens was not formed at the axis. These changes suggest that a hypocentrum and a centrum of the atlas derived from the first cervical sclerotome had failed to separate the occipital base from the proatlantal sclerotome including the apical element of the dens. Although a developmental disturbance at the cervical and thoracic vertebrae was also associated, critical neurological signs such as ataxia and paralysis were absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Moritomo
- Department of Functional Animal Anatomy, School ofAgriculture, Kyushu Tokai University, Aso-gun, Kumamoto, Japan
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