1
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Apoznański G, Kokurewicz TS, Petterson S, Sánchez-Navarro S, Górska M, Rydell J. Barbastelles in a Production Landscape: Where Do They Roost? ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.1.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Apoznański
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz S. Kokurewicz
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | - Monika Górska
- ZOO Wrocław, Wróblewskiego 1-5, 51-618 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jens Rydell
- Biology Department, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
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2
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Lewanzik D, Goerlitz HR. Task-dependent vocal adjustments to optimize biosonar-based information acquisition. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb234815. [PMID: 33234681 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.234815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Animals need to acquire adequate and sufficient information to guide movements, yet information acquisition and processing are costly. Animals thus face a trade-off between gathering too little and too much information and, accordingly, actively adapt sensory input through motor control. Echolocating animals provide a unique opportunity to study the dynamics of adaptive sensing in naturally behaving animals, as every change in the outgoing echolocation signal directly affects information acquisition and the perception of the dynamic acoustic scene. Here, we investigated the flexibility with which bats dynamically adapt information acquisition depending on a task. We recorded the echolocation signals of wild-caught Western barbastelle bats (Barbastella barbastellus) while they were flying through an opening, drinking on the wing, landing on a wall and capturing prey. We show that the echolocation signal sequences during target approach differed in a task-dependent manner; bats started the target approach earlier and increased the information update rate more when the task became increasingly difficult, and bats also adjusted the dynamics of call duration shortening and peak frequency shifts accordingly. These task-specific differences existed from the onset of object approach, implying that bats plan their sensory-motor programme for object approach exclusively based on information received from search call echoes. We provide insight into how echolocating animals deal with the constraints they face when sequentially sampling the world through sound by adjusting acoustic information flow from slow to extremely fast in a highly dynamic manner. Our results further highlight the paramount importance of high behavioural flexibility for acquiring information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lewanzik
- Acoustic and Functional Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Holger R Goerlitz
- Acoustic and Functional Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
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3
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Raman S, Hughes AC. Echobank for the Bats of Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot, India. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2020.22.2.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreehari Raman
- Landscape Ecology Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan Province, 666303, PR China
| | - Alice C. Hughes
- Landscape Ecology Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan Province, 666303, PR China
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4
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Kotowska D, Zegarek M, Osojca G, Satory A, Pärt T, Żmihorski M. Spatial patterns of bat diversity overlap with woodpecker abundance. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9385. [PMID: 32596056 PMCID: PMC7306217 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Woodpecker diversity is usually higher in natural forests rich in dead wood and old trees than in managed ones, thus this group of birds is regarded as an indicator of forest biodiversity. Woodpeckers excavate cavities which can be subsequently used by several bird species. As a consequence, their abundance indicates high avian abundance and diversity in forests. However, woodpecker-made holes may be also important for other animals, for example, mammals but it has seldom been investigated so far. Here, we examine how well one species, the Great Spotted Woodpecker, predicts species richness, occurrence and acoustic activity of bats in Polish pine forests. In 2011 we conducted woodpecker and bat surveys at 63 point-count sites in forests that varied in terms of stand age, structure and amount of dead wood. From zero to five Great Spotted Woodpeckers at a point-count site were recorded. The total duration of the echolocation calls during a 10-min visit varied from 0 to 542 s and the number of bat species/species groups recorded during a visit ranged between zero to five. The local abundance of the woodpecker was positively correlated with bat species richness (on the verge of significance), bat occurrence and pooled bat activity. The occurrence of Eptesicus and Vespertilio bats and Nyctalus species was positively related with the abundance of the Great Spotted Woodpecker. The activity of Pipistrellus pygmaeus, Eptesicus and Vespertilio bats and a group of Myotis species was not associated with the woodpecker abundance, but echolocation calls of Nyctalus species, P. nathusii and P.pipistrellus were more often at sites with many Great Spotted Woodpeckers. Moreover, the probability of bat presence and the activity of bats was generally higher shortly after dusk and in middle of the summer than in late spring. We suggest that the observed correlations can be driven by similar roosting habitats (e.g., woodpeckers can provide breeding cavities for bats) or possibly by associated invertebrate food resources of woodpeckers and bats. The abundance of Great Spotted Woodpecker seems to be a good positive indicator of bat species richness, occurrence and activity, thus adding a group of relatively cryptic forest species that are indicated by the presence of the Great Spotted Woodpecker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kotowska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Zegarek
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Osojca
- Department of Management and Logistics, Helena Chodkowska University of Technology and Economics, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Tomas Pärt
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michał Żmihorski
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
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5
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Young S, Carr A, Jones G. CCTV Enables the Discovery of New Barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus) Vocalisations and Activity Patterns Near a Roost. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2018.20.1.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Young
- Bramley Lodge, Beech Trees Lane, Ipplepen, Newton Abbot, TQ12 5TW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Carr
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
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6
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Lewanzik D, Goerlitz HR. Continued source level reduction during attack in the low‐amplitude bat
Barbastella barbastellus
prevents moth evasive flight. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lewanzik
- Acoustic and Functional Ecology GroupMax Planck Institute for Ornithology Seewiesen Germany
| | - Holger R. Goerlitz
- Acoustic and Functional Ecology GroupMax Planck Institute for Ornithology Seewiesen Germany
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7
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Russo D, Ancillotto L, Jones G. Bats are still not birds in the digital era: echolocation call variation and why it matters for bat species identification. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The recording and analysis of echolocation calls are fundamental methods used to study bat distribution, ecology, and behavior. However, the goal of identifying bats in flight from their echolocation calls is not always possible. Unlike bird songs, bat calls show large variation that often makes identification challenging. The problem has not been fully overcome by modern digital-based hardware and software for bat call recording and analysis. Besides providing fundamental insights into bat physiology, ecology, and behavior, a better understanding of call variation is therefore crucial to best recognize limits and perspectives of call classification. We provide a comprehensive overview of sources of interspecific and intraspecific echolocation call variations, illustrating its adaptive significance and highlighting gaps in knowledge. We remark that further research is needed to better comprehend call variation and control for it more effectively in sound analysis. Despite the state-of-art technology in this field, combining acoustic surveys with capture and roost search, as well as limiting identification to species with distinctive calls, still represent the safest way of conducting bat surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Russo
- Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Gareth Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
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8
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Kortmann M, Hurst J, Brinkmann R, Heurich M, Silveyra González R, Müller J, Thorn S. Beauty and the beast: how a bat utilizes forests shaped by outbreaks of an insect pest. Anim Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kortmann
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach; Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter University of Würzburg; Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - J. Hurst
- Freiburg Institute of Applied Animal Ecology; Freiburg Germany
| | - R. Brinkmann
- Freiburg Institute of Applied Animal Ecology; Freiburg Germany
| | - M. Heurich
- Bavarian Forest National Park; Zoology; Department of Conservation and Research; Grafenau Germany
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - R. Silveyra González
- Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - J. Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach; Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter University of Würzburg; Rauhenebrach Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park; Zoology; Department of Conservation and Research; Grafenau Germany
| | - S. Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach; Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter University of Würzburg; Rauhenebrach Germany
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9
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Ing RK, Colombo R, Gembu GC, Bas Y, Julien JF, Gager Y, Hassanin A. Echolocation Calls and Flight Behaviour of the Elusive Pied Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris superba), and New Data on Its Morphology and Ecology. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2016. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2016.18.2.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ros Kiri Ing
- Institut Langevin, UMR 7587 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot (Paris 7), 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 PARIS Cedex 05, France
| | - Raphaël Colombo
- Asellia Ecologie, 60 chemin de la Nuirie, 04200 Sisteron, France
| | - Guy-Crispin Gembu
- Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kisangani, République Démocratique du Congo
| | - Yves Bas
- Centre d'Ecologie et de Sciences de la Conservation, UMR 7204 CNRS MNHN, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 43, rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Julien
- Centre d'Ecologie et de Sciences de la Conservation, UMR 7204 CNRS MNHN, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 43, rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yann Gager
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Alexandre Hassanin
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 55, rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
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10
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Gossner MM, Lewinsohn TM, Kahl T, Grassein F, Boch S, Prati D, Birkhofer K, Renner SC, Sikorski J, Wubet T, Arndt H, Baumgartner V, Blaser S, Blüthgen N, Börschig C, Buscot F, Diekötter T, Jorge LR, Jung K, Keyel AC, Klein AM, Klemmer S, Krauss J, Lange M, Müller J, Overmann J, Pašalić E, Penone C, Perović DJ, Purschke O, Schall P, Socher SA, Sonnemann I, Tschapka M, Tscharntke T, Türke M, Venter PC, Weiner CN, Werner M, Wolters V, Wurst S, Westphal C, Fischer M, Weisser WW, Allan E. Land-use intensification causes multitrophic homogenization of grassland communities. Nature 2016; 540:266-269. [PMID: 27919075 DOI: 10.1038/nature20575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Land-use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity loss. Alongside reductions in local species diversity, biotic homogenization at larger spatial scales is of great concern for conservation. Biotic homogenization means a decrease in β-diversity (the compositional dissimilarity between sites). Most studies have investigated losses in local (α)-diversity and neglected biodiversity loss at larger spatial scales. Studies addressing β-diversity have focused on single or a few organism groups (for example, ref. 4), and it is thus unknown whether land-use intensification homogenizes communities at different trophic levels, above- and belowground. Here we show that even moderate increases in local land-use intensity (LUI) cause biotic homogenization across microbial, plant and animal groups, both above- and belowground, and that this is largely independent of changes in α-diversity. We analysed a unique grassland biodiversity dataset, with abundances of more than 4,000 species belonging to 12 trophic groups. LUI, and, in particular, high mowing intensity, had consistent effects on β-diversity across groups, causing a homogenization of soil microbial, fungal pathogen, plant and arthropod communities. These effects were nonlinear and the strongest declines in β-diversity occurred in the transition from extensively managed to intermediate intensity grassland. LUI tended to reduce local α-diversity in aboveground groups, whereas the α-diversity increased in belowground groups. Correlations between the β-diversity of different groups, particularly between plants and their consumers, became weaker at high LUI. This suggests a loss of specialist species and is further evidence for biotic homogenization. The consistently negative effects of LUI on landscape-scale biodiversity underscore the high value of extensively managed grasslands for conserving multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem service provision. Indeed, biotic homogenization rather than local diversity loss could prove to be the most substantial consequence of land-use intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M Gossner
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising D-85354, Germany.,Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str 159, Jena D-07743, Germany.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Lewinsohn
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising D-85354, Germany.,Department of Animal Biology, IB, UNICAMP-University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, CEP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Tiemo Kahl
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstraße 4, Freiburg im Breisgau D-79106, Germany.,Biosphere Reserve Vessertal-Thuringian Forest, Brunnenstr 1, Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig D-98711, Germany
| | - Fabrice Grassein
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern CH-3013, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Boch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern CH-3013, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Prati
- Biosphere Reserve Vessertal-Thuringian Forest, Brunnenstr 1, Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig D-98711, Germany
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Biology, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund S-22362, Sweden.,Chair of Ecology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Großenhainer Str 57, Senftenberg D-01968, Germany
| | - Swen C Renner
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Wien A-1180, Austria.,Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89069, Germany
| | - Johannes Sikorski
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, Braunschweig D-38302, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle-Saale D-06120, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Hartmut Arndt
- Biocentre, Institute for Zoology, General Ecology, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str 47b, Cologne (Köln) D-50674, Germany
| | - Vanessa Baumgartner
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, Braunschweig D-38302, Germany
| | - Stefan Blaser
- Biosphere Reserve Vessertal-Thuringian Forest, Brunnenstr 1, Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig D-98711, Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Department of Biology, Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany
| | - Carmen Börschig
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg D-97074, Germany
| | - Francois Buscot
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle-Saale D-06120, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Tim Diekötter
- Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen D-35392, Germany.,Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Olshausenstr 75, Kiel D-24118, Germany
| | - Leonardo Ré Jorge
- Department of Animal Biology, IB, UNICAMP-University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, CEP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89069, Germany
| | - Alexander C Keyel
- Department of Ecosystem Modelling, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstraße 4, Freiburg im Breisgau D-79106, Germany
| | - Sandra Klemmer
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle-Saale D-06120, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg D-97074, Germany
| | - Markus Lange
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising D-85354, Germany.,Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str 159, Jena D-07743, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell-Str 10, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, Potsdam D-14469, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, Braunschweig D-38302, Germany
| | - Esther Pašalić
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising D-85354, Germany.,Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str 159, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Caterina Penone
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern CH-3013, Switzerland
| | - David J Perović
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Oliver Purschke
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig D-04103, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany.,Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) D-06108, Germany
| | - Peter Schall
- Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Stephanie A Socher
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Botanical Garden, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Ilja Sonnemann
- Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Marco Tschapka
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89069, Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Manfred Türke
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising D-85354, Germany.,Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str 159, Jena D-07743, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Paul Christiaan Venter
- Biocentre, Institute for Zoology, General Ecology, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str 47b, Cologne (Köln) D-50674, Germany
| | - Christiane N Weiner
- Department of Biology, Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany
| | - Michael Werner
- Department of Biology, Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany
| | - Volkmar Wolters
- Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Susanne Wurst
- Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising D-85354, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising D-85354, Germany.,Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str 159, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern CH-3013, Switzerland.,Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse, 10, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
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11
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Russo D, Ancillotto L, Cistrone L, Korine C. The Buzz of Drinking on the Wing in Echolocating Bats. Ethology 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Russo
- Wildlife Research Unit; Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata; Sezione di Biologia e Protezione dei Sistemi Agrari e Forestali; Dipartimento di Agraria; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; Portici (Napoli) Italy
- School of Biological Sciences; Life Sciences Building; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - Leonardo Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research Unit; Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata; Sezione di Biologia e Protezione dei Sistemi Agrari e Forestali; Dipartimento di Agraria; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; Portici (Napoli) Italy
| | - Luca Cistrone
- Forestry and Conservation; Cassino (Frosinone) Italy
| | - Carmi Korine
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology; Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
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12
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Seibert AM, Koblitz JC, Denzinger A, Schnitzler HU. Bidirectional Echolocation in the Bat Barbastella barbastellus: Different Signals of Low Source Level Are Emitted Upward through the Nose and Downward through the Mouth. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135590. [PMID: 26352271 PMCID: PMC4564259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Barbastelle bat (Barbastella barbastellus) preys almost exclusively on tympanate moths. While foraging, this species alternates between two different signal types. We investigated whether these signals differ in emission direction or source level (SL) as assumed from earlier single microphone recordings. We used two different settings of a 16-microphone array to determine SL and sonar beam direction at various locations in the field. Both types of search signals had low SLs (81 and 82 dB SPL rms re 1 m) as compared to other aerial-hawking bats. These two signal types were emitted in different directions; type 1 signals were directed downward and type 2 signals upward. The angle between beam directions was approximately 70°. Barbastelle bats are able to emit signals through both the mouth and the nostrils. As mouth and nostrils are roughly perpendicular to each other, we conclude that type 1 signals are emitted through the mouth while type 2 signals and approach signals are emitted through the nose. We hypothesize that the “stealth” echolocation system of B. barbastellus is bifunctional. The more upward directed nose signals may be mainly used for search and localization of prey. Their low SL prevents an early detection by eared moths but comes at the expense of a strongly reduced detection range for the environment below the bat. The more downward directed mouth signals may have evolved to compensate for this disadvantage and may be mainly used for spatial orientation. We suggest that the possibly bifunctional echolocation system of B. barbastellus has been adapted to the selective foraging of eared moths and is an excellent example of a sophisticated sensory arms race between predator and prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Seibert
- Animal Physiology, Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jens C. Koblitz
- Animal Physiology, Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annette Denzinger
- Animal Physiology, Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Schnitzler
- Animal Physiology, Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Mora EC, Fernández Y, Hechavarría J, Pérez M. Tone-deaf ears in moths may limit the acoustic detection of two-tone bats. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2014; 83:275-85. [PMID: 24942265 DOI: 10.1159/000361035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Frequency alternation in the echolocation of insectivorous bats has been interpreted in relation to ranging and duty cycle, i.e. advantages for echolocation. The shifts in frequency of the calls of these so-called two-tone bats, however, may also play its role in the success of their hunting behavior for a preferred prey, the tympanate moth. How the auditory receptors (e.g. the A1 and A2 cells) in the moth's ear detect such frequency shifts is currently unknown. Here, we measured the auditory responses of the A1 cell in the noctuid Spodoptera frugiperda to the echolocation hunting sequence of Molossus molossus, a two-tone bat. We also manipulated the bat calls to control for the frequency shifts by lowering the frequency band of the search and approach calls. The firing response of the A1 receptor cell significantly decreases with the shift to higher frequencies during the search and approach phases of the hunting sequence of M. molossus; this could be explained by the receptor's threshold curve. The frequency dependence of the decrease in the receptor's response is supported by the results attained with the manipulated sequence: search and approach calls with the same minimum frequency are detected by the moth at the same threshold intensity. The two-tone bat M. molossus shows a call frequency alternation behavior that may enable it to overcome moth audition even in the mid-frequency range (i.e. 20-50 kHz) where moths hear best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel C Mora
- Research Group in Bioacoustics and Neuroethology, Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, Havana University, Havana, Cuba
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Fenton B, Jensen FH, Kalko EKV, Tyack PL. Sonar Signals of Bats and Toothed Whales. BIOSONAR 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9146-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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15
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Jiang T, You Y, Liu S, Lu G, Wang L, Wu H, Berquist S, Ho J, Puechmaille SJ, Feng J. Factors Affecting Geographic Variation in Echolocation Calls of the EndemicMyotis davidiiin China. Ethology 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuyan You
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection; Northeast Normal University; Changchun; China
| | - Sen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection; Northeast Normal University; Changchun; China
| | - Guanjun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection; Northeast Normal University; Changchun; China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection; Northeast Normal University; Changchun; China
| | - Hui Wu
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection; Northeast Normal University; Changchun; China
| | | | - Jennifer Ho
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology; University of California; Los Angeles; CA; USA
| | - Sébastien J. Puechmaille
- School of Biology and Environmental Science & UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Dublin; Ireland
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16
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Denzinger A, Schnitzler HU. Bat guilds, a concept to classify the highly diverse foraging and echolocation behaviors of microchiropteran bats. Front Physiol 2013; 4:164. [PMID: 23840190 PMCID: PMC3699716 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout evolution the foraging and echolocation behaviors as well as the motor systems of bats have been adapted to the tasks they have to perform while searching and acquiring food. When bats exploit the same class of environmental resources in a similar way, they perform comparable tasks and thus share similar adaptations independent of their phylogeny. Species with similar adaptations are assigned to guilds or functional groups. Habitat type and foraging mode mainly determine the foraging tasks and thus the adaptations of bats. Therefore, we use habitat type and foraging mode to define seven guilds. The habitat types open, edge and narrow space are defined according to the bats' echolocation behavior in relation to the distance between bat and background or food item and background. Bats foraging in the aerial, trawling, flutter detecting, or active gleaning mode use only echolocation to acquire their food. When foraging in the passive gleaning mode bats do not use echolocation but rely on sensory cues from the food item to find it. Bat communities often comprise large numbers of species with a high diversity in foraging areas, foraging modes, and diets. The assignment of species living under similar constraints into guilds identifies patterns of community structure and helps to understand the factors that underlie the organization of highly diverse bat communities. Bat species from different guilds do not compete for food as they differ in their foraging behavior and in the environmental resources they use. However, sympatric living species belonging to the same guild often exploit the same class of resources. To avoid competition they should differ in their niche dimensions. The fine grain structure of bat communities below the rather coarse classification into guilds is determined by mechanisms that result in niche partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Denzinger
- Animal Physiology, Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
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Scanning behavior in echolocating common pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus). PLoS One 2013; 8:e60752. [PMID: 23580164 PMCID: PMC3620330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Echolocating bats construct an auditory world sequentially by analyzing successive pulse-echo pairs. Many other mammals rely upon a visual world, acquired by sequential foveal fixations connected by visual gaze saccades. We investigated the scanning behavior of bats and compared it to visual scanning. We assumed that each pulse-echo pair evaluation corresponds to a foveal fixation and that sonar beam movements between pulses can be seen as acoustic gaze saccades. We used a two-dimensional 16 microphone array to determine the sonar beam direction of succeeding pulses and to characterize the three dimensional scanning behavior in the common pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) flying in the field. We also used variations of signal amplitude of single microphone recordings as indicator for scanning behavior in open space. We analyzed 33 flight sequences containing more than 700 echolocation calls to determine bat positions, source levels, and beam aiming. When searching for prey and orienting in space, bats moved their sonar beam in all directions, often alternately back and forth. They also produced sequences with irregular or no scanning movements. When approaching the array, the scanning movements were much smaller and the beam was moved over the array in small steps. Differences in the scanning pattern at various recording sites indicated that the scanning behavior depended on the echolocation task that was being performed. The scanning angles varied over a wide range and were often larger than the maximum angle measurable by our array. We found that echolocating bats use a “saccade and fixate” strategy similar to vision. Through the use of scanning movements, bats are capable of finding and exploring targets in a wide search cone centered along flight direction.
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Frey-Ehrenbold A, Bontadina F, Arlettaz R, Obrist MK. Landscape connectivity, habitat structure and activity of bat guilds in farmland-dominated matrices. J Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raphaël Arlettaz
- Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; CH-3012; Bern; Switzerland
| | - Martin K. Obrist
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; CH-8903; Birmensdorf; Switzerland
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Russo D, Cistrone L, Jones G. Sensory ecology of water detection by bats: a field experiment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48144. [PMID: 23133558 PMCID: PMC3483877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats face a great risk of dehydration, so sensory mechanisms for water recognition are crucial for their survival. In the laboratory, bats recognized any smooth horizontal surface as water because these provide analogous reflections of echolocation calls. We tested whether bats also approach smooth horizontal surfaces other than water to drink in nature by partly covering watering troughs used by hundreds of bats with a Perspex layer mimicking water. We aimed 1) to confirm that under natural conditions too bats mistake any horizontal smooth surface for water by testing this on large numbers of individuals from a range of species and 2) to assess the occurrence of learning effects. Eleven bat species mistook Perspex for water relying chiefly on echoacoustic information. Using black instead of transparent Perspex did not deter bats from attempting to drink. In Barbastella barbastellus no echolocation differences occurred between bats approaching the water and the Perspex surfaces respectively, confirming that bats perceive water and Perspex to be acoustically similar. The drinking attempt rates at the fake surface were often lower than those recorded in the laboratory: bats then either left the site or moved to the control water surface. This suggests that bats modified their behaviour as soon as the lack of drinking reward had overridden the influence of echoacoustic information. Regardless of which of two adjoining surfaces was covered, bats preferentially approached and attempted to drink from the first surface encountered, probably because they followed a common route, involving spatial memory and perhaps social coordination. Overall, although acoustic recognition itself is stereotyped and its importance in the drinking process overwhelming, our findings point at the role of experience in increasing behavioural flexibility under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Russo
- Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata, Dipartimento ArBo Pa Ve, Facoltà di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Portici, Napoli, Italy, United Kingdom.
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Andreas M, Reiter A, Benda P. Prey Selection and Seasonal Diet Changes in the Western Barbastelle Bat (Barbastella barbastellus). ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2012. [DOI: 10.3161/150811012x654295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jung K, Kaiser S, Böhm S, Nieschulze J, Kalko EKV. Moving in three dimensions: effects of structural complexity on occurrence and activity of insectivorous bats in managed forest stands. J Appl Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hillen J, Kaster T, Pahle J, Kiefer A, Elle O, Griebeler EM, Veith M. Sex-Specific Habitat Selection in an Edge Habitat Specialist, the Western Barbastelle Bat. ANN ZOOL FENN 2011. [DOI: 10.5735/086.048.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ratcliffe JM, Jakobsen L, Kalko EKV, Surlykke A. Frequency alternation and an offbeat rhythm indicate foraging behavior in the echolocating bat, Saccopteryx bilineata. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2011; 197:413-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-011-0630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jiang T, Metzner W, You Y, Liu S, Lu G, Li S, Wang L, Feng J. Variation in the resting frequency of Rhinolophus pusillus in Mainland China: effect of climate and implications for conservation. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2010; 128:2204-2211. [PMID: 20968390 PMCID: PMC2981126 DOI: 10.1121/1.3478855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study describes variation patterns in the constant frequency of echolocation calls emitted at rest and when not flying ("resting frequency" RF) of the least horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus pusillus, on a broad geographical scale and in response to local climatic variables. Significant differences in RF were observed among populations throughout the species range in Mainland China, and this variation was positively and significantly related to climate conditions, especially environmental humidity, but the variability was only weakly associated with geographical distance. Sex dimorphism in the RF of R. pusillus may imply that female and male might keep their frequencies within a narrow range for sex recognition. Moreover, bats adjusted resting frequency to humidity, which may imply partitioning diet by prey size or the influence of rainfall noise. The results indicate that bats adjust echolocation call frequency to adapt to environmental conditions. Therefore, environmental selection shape the diversity of echolocation call structure of R. pusillus in geographically separated populations, and conservation efforts should focus on changes in local climate and effects of environmental noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinglei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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An aerial-hawking bat uses stealth echolocation to counter moth hearing. Curr Biol 2010; 20:1568-72. [PMID: 20727755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ears evolved in many nocturnal insects, including some moths, to detect bat echolocation calls and evade capture [1, 2]. Although there is evidence that some bats emit echolocation calls that are inconspicuous to eared moths, it is difficult to determine whether this was an adaptation to moth hearing or originally evolved for a different purpose [2, 3]. Aerial-hawking bats generally emit high-amplitude echolocation calls to maximize detection range [4, 5]. Here we present the first example of an echolocation counterstrategy to overcome prey hearing at the cost of reduced detection distance. We combined comparative bat flight-path tracking and moth neurophysiology with fecal DNA analysis to show that the barbastelle, Barbastella barbastellus, emits calls that are 10 to 100 times lower in amplitude than those of other aerial-hawking bats, remains undetected by moths until close, and captures mainly eared moths. Model calculations demonstrate that only bats emitting such low-amplitude calls hear moth echoes before their calls are conspicuous to moths. This stealth echolocation allows the barbastelle to exploit food resources that are difficult to catch for other aerial-hawking bats emitting calls of greater amplitude.
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Rebelo H, Jones G. Ground validation of presence-only modelling with rare species: a case study on barbastellesBarbastella barbastellus(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). J Appl Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Collins J, Jones G. Differences in Bat Activity in Relation to Bat Detector Height: Implications for Bat Surveys at Proposed Windfarm Sites. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2009. [DOI: 10.3161/150811009x485576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Melcón ML, Schnitzler HU, Denzinger A. Variability of the approach phase of landing echolocating Greater Mouse-eared bats. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2008; 195:69-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-008-0383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Zhang JS, Han NJ, Jones G, Lin LK, Zhang JP, Zhu GJ, Huang DW, Zhang SY. A New Species of Barbastella (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from North China. J Mammal 2007. [DOI: 10.1644/07-mamm-a-114r2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Jung K, Kalko EKV, von Helversen O. Echolocation calls in Central American emballonurid bats: signal design and call frequency alternation. J Zool (1987) 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Unusual echolocation behavior in a small molossid bat, Molossops temminckii, that forages near background clutter. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-007-0392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Weller TJ, Scott SA, Rodhouse TJ, Ormsbee PC, Zinck JM. Field identification of the cryptic vespertilionid bats, Myotis lucifugus and M. yumanensis. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2007. [DOI: 10.3161/1733-5329(2007)9[133:fiotcv]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Russo D, Cistrone L, Jones G. Emergence time in forest bats: the influence of canopy closure. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Biscardi S, Orprecio J, Fenton MB, Tsoar A, Ratcliffe JM. Data, Sample Sizes and Statistics Affect the Recognition of Species of Bats by Their Echolocation Calls. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2004. [DOI: 10.3161/001.006.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Mukhida M, Orprecio J, Fenton MB. Echolocation calls ofMyotis lucifugusandM. leibii(Vespertilionidae) Flying Inside a Room and Outside. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2004. [DOI: 10.3161/001.006.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Mora EC, Macías S, Vater M, Coro F, Kössl M. Specializations for aerial hawking in the echolocation system of Molossus molossus (Molossidae, Chiroptera). J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2004; 190:561-74. [PMID: 15112101 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-004-0519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2002] [Revised: 03/11/2004] [Accepted: 03/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
While searching for prey, Molossus molossus broadcasts narrow-band calls of 11.42 ms organized in pairs of pulses that alternate in frequency. The first signal of the pair is at 34.5 kHz, the second at 39.6 kHz. Pairs of calls with changing frequencies were only emitted when the interpulse intervals were below 200 ms. Maximum duty cycles during search phase are close to 20%. Frequency alternation of search calls is interpreted as a mechanism for increasing duty cycle and thus the temporal continuity of scanning, as well as increasing the detection range. A neurophysiological correlate for the processing of search calls was found in the inferior colliculus. 64% of neurons respond to frequencies in the 30- to 40-kHz range and only in this frequency range were closed tuning curves found for levels below 40 dB SPL. In addition, 15% of the neurons have double-tuned frequency-threshold curves with best thresholds at 34 and 39 kHz. Differing from observations in other bats, approach calls of M. molossus are longer and of higher frequencies than search calls. Close to the roost, the call frequency is increased to 45.0-49.8 kHz and, in addition, extremely broadband signals are emitted. This demonstrates high plasticity of call design.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Mora
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, Havana University, calle 25 No. 455 entre J e I, CP. 10 400 Vedado, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
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Holderied MW, von Helversen O. Echolocation range and wingbeat period match in aerial-hawking bats. Proc Biol Sci 2003; 270:2293-9. [PMID: 14613617 PMCID: PMC1691500 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2003.2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerial-hawking bats searching the sky for prey face the problem that flight and echolocation exert independent and possibly conflicting influences on call intervals. These bats can only exploit their full echolocation range unambiguously if they emit their next call when all echoes from the preceding call would have arrived. However, not every call interval is equally available. The need to reduce the high energetic costs of echolocation forces aerial-hawking bats to couple call emission to their wingbeat. We compared the wingbeat periods of 11 aerial-hawking bat species with the delays of the last-expected echoes. Acoustic flight-path tracking was employed to measure the source levels (SLs) of echolocation calls in the field. SLs were very high, extending the known range to 133 dB peak equivalent sound pressure level. We calculated the maximum detection distances for insects, larger flying objects and background targets. Wingbeat periods were derived from call intervals. Small and medium-sized bats in fact matched their maximum detection range for insects and larger flying targets to their wingbeat period. The tendency to skip calls correlated with the species' detection range for background targets. We argue that a species' call frequency is at such a pitch that the resulting detection range matches their wingbeat period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Holderied
- Institut für Zoologie II, Friedrich-Alexander Universität, Staudtstrasse 5, DE-91058 Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
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Kingston T, Jones G, Akbar Z, Kunz TH. ALTERNATION OF ECHOLOCATION CALLS IN 5 SPECIES OF AERIAL-FEEDING INSECTIVOROUS BATS FROM MALAYSIA. J Mammal 2003. [DOI: 10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0205:aoecis>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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