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Wu SJ, He RL, Zhao L, Yu XY, Jiang YN, Guan X, Chen QY, Ren FF, Xie ZY, Wu LP, Li L. Cardiac-Specific Overexpression of Caveolin-1 in Rats With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Improves Arrhythmogenicity and Cardiac Remodelling. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:73-86. [PMID: 36240973 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is associated with electrical and structural remodelling, leading to arrhythmias. Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a membrane protein involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury. Cav1 deficiency has been associated with arrhythmogenicity. The current study aimed to determine how Cav1 overexpression inhibits arrhythmias and cardiac remodelling in ICM. METHODS ICM was modelled using left anterior descending (LAD) artery ligation for 4 weeks. Cardiac-specific Cav1 overexpression in ICM on arrhythmias, excitation-contraction coupling, and cardiac remodelling were investigated using the intramyocardial injection of an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV-9) system, carrying a specific sequence expressing Cav1 (AAVCav1) under the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) promoter. RESULTS Cav1 overexpression decreased susceptibility to arrhythmias by upregulating gap junction connexin 43 (CX43) and reducing spontaneous irregular proarrhythmogenic Ca2+ waves in ventricular cardiomyocytes. It also alleviated ischemic injury-induced contractility weakness by improving Ca2+ cycling through normalizing Ca2+-handling protein levels and improving Ca2+ homeostasis. Masson stain and immunoblotting revealed that the deposition of excessive fibrosis was attenuated by Cav1 overexpression, inhibiting the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad2 signalling pathway. Coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the interaction between Cav1 and cSrc modulated CX43 expression and Ca2+-handling protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac-specific overexpression of Cav1 attenuated ventricular arrhythmia, improved Ca2+ cycling, and attenuated cardiac remodelling. These effects were attributed to modulation of CX43, normalized Ca2+-handling protein levels, improved Ca2+ homeostasis, and attenuated cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui-Lin He
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Na Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuan Guan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiao-Ying Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang-Fang Ren
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zuo-Yi Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lian-Pin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Hu CC, Wei X, Liu JM, Han LL, Xia CK, Wu J, You T, Zhu AF, Yao SL, Yuan SY, Xu HD, Xia ZY, Wang TT, Mao WK. Cardiac-targeted PIASy gene silencing mediates deSUMOylation of caveolin-3 and prevents ischemia/reperfusion-induced Na v1.5 downregulation and ventricular arrhythmias. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:58. [PMID: 36229865 PMCID: PMC9563440 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal myocardial Nav1.5 expression and function cause lethal ventricular arrhythmias during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Protein inhibitor of activated STAT Y (PIASy)-mediated caveolin-3 (Cav-3) SUMO modification affects Cav-3 binding to the voltage-gated sodium channel 1.5 (Nav1.5). PIASy activity is increased after myocardial I/R, but it is unclear whether this is attributable to plasma membrane Nav1.5 downregulation and ventricular arrhythmias. METHODS Using recombinant adeno-associated virus subtype 9 (AAV9), rat cardiac PIASy was silenced using intraventricular injection of PIASy short hairpin RNA (shRNA). After two weeks, rat hearts were subjected to I/R and electrocardiography was performed to assess malignant arrhythmias. Tissues from peri-infarct areas of the left ventricle were collected for molecular biological measurements. RESULTS PIASy was upregulated by I/R (P < 0.01), with increased SUMO2/3 modification of Cav-3 and reduced membrane Nav1.5 density (P < 0.01). AAV9-PIASy shRNA intraventricular injection into the rat heart downregulated PIASy after I/R, at both mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05 vs. Scramble-shRNA + I/R group), decreased SUMO-modified Cav-3 levels, enhanced Cav-3 binding to Nav1.5, and prevented I/R-induced decrease of Nav1.5 and Cav-3 co-localization in the intercalated disc and lateral membrane. PIASy silencing in rat hearts reduced I/R-induced fatal arrhythmias, which was reflected by a modest decrease in the duration of ventricular fibrillation (VF; P < 0.05 vs. Scramble-shRNA + I/R group) and a significantly reduced arrhythmia score (P < 0.01 vs. Scramble-shRNA + I/R group). The anti-arrhythmic effects of PIASy silencing were also evidenced by decreased episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT), sustained VT and VF, especially at the time 5-10 min after ischemia (P < 0.05 vs. Scramble-shRNA + IR group). Using in vitro human embryonic kidney 293 T (HEK293T) cells and isolated adult rat cardiomyocyte models exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), we confirmed that increased PIASy promoted Cav-3 modification by SUMO2/3 and Nav1.5/Cav-3 dissociation after H/R. Mutation of SUMO consensus lysine sites in Cav-3 (K38R or K144R) altered the membrane expression levels of Nav1.5 and Cav-3 before and after H/R in HEK293T cells. CONCLUSIONS I/R-induced cardiac PIASy activation increased Cav-3 SUMOylation by SUMO2/3 and dysregulated Nav1.5-related ventricular arrhythmias. Cardiac-targeted PIASy silencing mediated Cav-3 deSUMOylation and partially prevented I/R-induced Nav1.5 downregulation in the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes, and subsequent ventricular arrhythmias in rats. PIASy was identified as a potential therapeutic target for life-threatening arrhythmias in patients with ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jin-Min Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lin-Lin Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cheng-Kun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao You
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - A-Fang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shang-Long Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shi-Ying Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hao-Dong Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Zheng-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Wei-Ke Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Blackwell DJ, Schmeckpeper J, Knollmann BC. Animal Models to Study Cardiac Arrhythmias. Circ Res 2022; 130:1926-1964. [PMID: 35679367 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 10% to 15% of all deaths. Although most arrhythmias are due to acquired heart disease, inherited channelopathies and cardiomyopathies disproportionately affect children and young adults. Arrhythmogenesis is complex, involving anatomic structure, ion channels and regulatory proteins, and the interplay between cells in the conduction system, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and the immune system. Animal models of arrhythmia are powerful tools for studying not only molecular and cellular mechanism of arrhythmogenesis but also more complex mechanisms at the whole heart level, and for testing therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes basic and clinical arrhythmia mechanisms followed by an in-depth review of published animal models of genetic and acquired arrhythmia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Blackwell
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey Schmeckpeper
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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4
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Tyan L, Turner D, Komp KR, Medvedev RY, Lim E, Glukhov AV. Caveolin-3 is required for regulation of transient outward potassium current by angiotensin II in mouse atrial myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H787-H797. [PMID: 33416459 PMCID: PMC8082791 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00569.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) is a key mediator of the renin-angiotensin system and plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac electrophysiology by affecting various cardiac ion currents, including transient outward potassium current, Ito. AngII receptors and molecular components of Ito, Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 channels, have been linked to caveolae structures. However, their functional interaction and the importance of such proximity within 50- to 100-nm caveolar nanodomains remain unknown. To address this, we studied the mechanisms of Ito regulation by AngII in atrial myocytes of wild-type (WT) and cardiac-specific caveolin-3 (Cav3) conditional knockout (Cav3KO) mice. We showed that in WT atrial myocytes, a short-term (2 h) treatment with AngII (5 µM) significantly reduced Ito density. This effect was prevented 1) by a 30-min pretreatment with a selective antagonist of AngII receptor 1 (Ang1R) losartan (2 µM) or 2) by a selective inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) by BIM1 (10 µM). The effect of AngII on Ito was completely abolished in Cav3-KO mice, with no change in a baseline Ito current density. In WT atria, Ang1Rs co-localized with Cav3, and the expression of Ang1Rs was significantly decreased in Cav3KO in comparison with WT mice, whereas no change in Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 protein expression was observed. Overall, our findings demonstrate that Cav3 is involved in the regulation of Ang1R expression and is required for the modulation of Ito by AngII in mouse atrial myocytes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Angiotensin II receptor 1 is associated with caveolae and caveolar scaffolding protein caveolin-3 in mouse atrial myocytes that is required for the regulation of Ito by angiotensin II. Downregulation of caveolae/caveolin-3 disrupts this regulation and may be implicated in pathophysiological atrial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Tyan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Daniel Turner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Karlie R Komp
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Roman Y Medvedev
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Evi Lim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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5
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Dong C, Wang Y, Ma A, Wang T. Life Cycle of the Cardiac Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Na V1.5. Front Physiol 2020; 11:609733. [PMID: 33391024 PMCID: PMC7773603 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.609733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.5, encoded by SCN5A, is crucial for the upstroke of action potential and excitation of cardiomyocytes. NaV1.5 undergoes complex processes before it reaches the target membrane microdomains and performs normal functions. A variety of protein partners are needed to achieve the balance between SCN5A transcription and mRNA decay, endoplasmic reticulum retention and export, Golgi apparatus retention and export, selective anchoring and degradation, activation, and inactivation of sodium currents. Subtle alterations can impair NaV1.5 in terms of expression or function, eventually leading to NaV1.5-associated diseases such as lethal arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijuan Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingzhong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
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6
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Kim SY, Kim KH, Schilling JM, Leem J, Dhanani M, Head BP, Roth DM, Zemljic-Harpf AE, Patel HH. Protective role of cardiac-specific overexpression of caveolin-3 in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G531-G541. [PMID: 31961720 PMCID: PMC7099497 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00346.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a clinical syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis characterized by blunted cardiac contractile responses to stress and/or heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation. Caveolin-3 (Cav-3) plays a critical role in cardiac protection and is an emerging therapeutic target for heart disease. We investigated the protective role of cardiac-specific overexpression (OE) of Cav-3 in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Biliary fibrosis was induced in male Cav-3 OE mice and transgene negative (TGneg) littermates by feeding a diet containing 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC; 0.1%) for 3 wk. Liver pathology and blood chemistries were assessed, and stress echocardiography, telemetry, and isolated heart perfusion studies to assess adrenergic responsiveness were performed. Cav-3 OE mice showed a similar degree of hyperdynamic contractility, pulmonary hypertension, and QTc interval prolongation as TGneg mice after 3 wk of DDC diet. Blunted systolic responses were shown in both DDC-fed Cav-3 OE and TGneg hearts after in vivo isoproterenol challenge. However, QTc interval prolongation after in vivo isoproterenol challenge was significantly less in DDC-fed Cav-3 OE hearts compared with DDC-fed TGneg hearts. In ex vivo perfused hearts, where circulatory factors are absent, isoproterenol challenge showed hearts from DDC-fed Cav-3 OE mice had better cardiac contractility and relaxation compared with DDC-fed TGneg hearts. Although Cav-3 OE in the heart did not prevent cardiac alterations in DDC-induced biliary fibrosis, cardiac expression of Cav-3 reduced QTc interval prolongation after adrenergic stimulation in cirrhosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is up to 50% in cirrhotic patients, and liver transplantation is the only treatment. However, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is associated with perioperative morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation; therefore, management of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is crucial for successful liver transplantation. This study shows cardiac myocyte specific overexpression of caveolin-3 (Cav-3) provides better cardiac contractile responses and less corrected QT prolongation during adrenergic stress in a cirrhotic cardiomyopathy model, suggesting beneficial effects of Cav-3 expression in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Kim
- 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- 2Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jan M. Schilling
- 3Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System and the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Joseph Leem
- 3Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System and the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Mehul Dhanani
- 3Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System and the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Brian P. Head
- 3Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System and the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - David M. Roth
- 3Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System and the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Alice E. Zemljic-Harpf
- 3Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System and the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- 3Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System and the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California
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7
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Qu C, Sun J, Liu Y, Wang X, Wang L, Han C, Chen Q, Guan T, Li H, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Zou W, Liu J. Caveolin-1 facilitated KCNA5 expression, promoting breast cancer viability. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4829-4838. [PMID: 30250548 PMCID: PMC6144920 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 (KCNA5) is a voltage-gated potassium channel protein encoded by the KCNA5 gene. A large number of studies have shown that KCNA5 is associated with the survival of malignant tumors, including breast cancer, but the detailed mechanism remains inconclusive. Our previous study found that KCNA5 is co-expressed with a scaffolding protein, caveolin-1 in MCF-10A-neoT non-tumorigenic epithelial cell. In the present study, KCNA5 and caveolin-1 were expressed in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Exposing MCF-10A-neoT to 2 mM of methyl-β-cyclodextrin, an agent to disrupt caveolae and lipid rafts led to a downregulation of caveolin-1 that reduced the expression of KCNA5. Furthermore, following caveolin-1 knockdown, the expression of KCNA5 was decreased in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer and MCF-10A-neoT non-tumorigenic epithelial cell lines. In subsequent experiments, the MTT assay showed that increased caveolin-1 and KCNA5 expression promoted the survival of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, but cell survival was not affected following KCNA5 overexpression alone. Using small interfering RNA technology, KCNA5-silenced MCF-10A-neoT cells were established and a decreased level of phosphorylated-AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) was observed in the cells compared with the parental cells. Overall, these results suggested that caveolin-1 facilitated KCNA5 expression and may be associated with AKT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, P.R. China.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116085, P.R. China.,No. 210 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Jia Sun
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, P.R. China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- No. 210 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Lifen Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Chao Han
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, P.R. China.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116085, P.R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, P.R. China
| | - Tianhui Guan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, P.R. China
| | - Yejun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116085, P.R. China
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8
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Nader M, Alotaibi S, Alsolme E, Khalil B, Abu-Zaid A, Alsomali R, Bakheet D, Dzimiri N. Cardiac striatin interacts with caveolin-3 and calmodulin in a calcium sensitive manner and regulates cardiomyocyte spontaneous contraction rate. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1306-1312. [PMID: 28825318 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired cardiomyocyte contraction rate is detrimental to cardiac function and often lethal. Despite advancements in the field, there is a paucity of information regarding the coordination of molecules implicated in regulating the heart rate. Striatin (STRN) is a dynamic protein with binding domains to calmodulin (CaM) and caveolin (Cav), both of which are regulators of myocardial function. However, its role in cardiomyocyte contraction is not yet determined. Herein, we show that STRN is expressed in cardiomyocytes and is more abundant in atrial myocardium than in ventricles. Cardiac expression of STRN (protein and mRNA) was developmentally regulated with the highest expression being at neonatal stage (day one) and the lowest in adult rats (13 weeks). CaM pulldown assay indicated that the interaction of cardiac STRN with CaM and caveolin-3 (Cav-3) was calcium sensitive. Interestingly, the overexpression of STRN induced an increase (∼2-fold) in the rate of the spontaneous contraction of cultured cardiomyocytes, while the knockdown of STRN reduced their contraction rate (∼40%). The expression level of STRN was inversely proportional to the interaction of Cav-3 with the CaM/STRN complex. Collectively, our data delineate a novel role for STRN in regulating cardiomyocyte spontaneous contraction rate and the dynamics of the STRN/Cav-3/CaM complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moni Nader
- a Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahd Alotaibi
- a Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtehal Alsolme
- a Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bariaa Khalil
- a Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- a Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahmah Alsomali
- b Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Bakheet
- b Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nduna Dzimiri
- b Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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9
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Ichikawa Y, Zemljic-Harpf AE, Zhang Z, McKirnan MD, Manso AM, Ross RS, Hammond HK, Patel HH, Roth DM. Modulation of caveolins, integrins and plasma membrane repair proteins in anthracycline-induced heart failure in rabbits. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177660. [PMID: 28498861 PMCID: PMC5428970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines are chemotherapeutic drugs known to induce heart failure in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanisms involved in anthracycline cardiotoxicity are an area of relevant investigation. Caveolins bind, organize and regulate receptors and signaling molecules within cell membranes. Caveolin-3 (Cav-3), integrins and related membrane repair proteins can function as cardioprotective proteins. Expression of these proteins in anthracycline-induced heart failure has not been evaluated. We tested the hypothesis that daunorubicin alters cardioprotective protein expression in the heart. Rabbits were administered daunorubicin (3 mg/kg, IV) weekly, for three weeks or nine weeks. Nine weeks but not three weeks of daunorubicin resulted in progressive reduced left ventricular function. Cav-3 expression in the heart was unchanged at three weeks of daunorubicin and increased in nine week treated rabbits when compared to control hearts. Electron microscopy showed caveolae in the heart were increased and mitochondrial number and size were decreased after nine weeks of daunorubicin. Activated beta-1 (β1) integrin and the membrane repair protein MG53 were increased after nine weeks of daunorubicin vs. controls with no change at the three week time point. The results suggest a potential pathophysiological role for Cav3, integrins and membrane repair in daunorubicin-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ichikawa
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alice E. Zemljic-Harpf
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - M. Dan McKirnan
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ana Maria Manso
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Ross
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - H. Kirk Hammond
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - David M. Roth
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Sun LY, Qu X, Chen LZ, Zheng GS, Wu XL, Chen XX, Huang WJ, Zhou H. Potential Roles of Serum Caveolin-3 Levels in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:90. [PMID: 28420984 PMCID: PMC5378709 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore serum caveolin-3 (Cav-3) levels in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and to evaluate the role of Cav-3 as a biomarker for AF and incident heart failure (HF). Methods: Three hundred and five patients were enrolled in the study and divided into three groups: sinus rhythm (Group SR), paroxysmal AF (Group paAF), and persistent AF (Group peAF). Serum Cav-3 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline. Clinical characteristics, and laboratory data were collected during hospitalization, and a follow-up of 12-months was carried out. Results: Serum Cav-3 concentrations were significantly decreased on the Group SR and the highest concentrations of Cav-3 in patients were found on the Group peAF (516.7 ± 274.0 vs. 609.3 ± 287.0 vs. 688.3 ± 264.6 ng/L, P < 0.05). Left atrial diameter (LAD) in the Group peAF was significantly higher than in the Group paAF, and the Group SR had significantly lower LAD than the Group paAF and Group peAF. The risks of new-onset HF in the Group SR, Group paAF, and Group peAF were 8.1, 14.5, and 28.6%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the Group peAF and the other two groups. Serum Cav-3 concentrations were trisected in AF participants (lower tertile: ≤498, middle tertile: >498-703, upper tertile: ≥703). In further tertile studies, subjects in the lower tertile of Cav-3 concentrations were more likely to become paroxysmal AF and had much lower LAD (P < 0.05). And in the middle and upper tertiles, participants with AF tended to suffer from HF compared to the lower group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: We provide evidence that Cav-3 has a significant meaning in AF patients. The levels of Cav-3 may be related to the LAD and new-onset HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yue Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Central HospitalZhejiang, China
| | - Gao-Shu Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Lei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Xing-Xing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Jian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiang, China
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11
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Kaakinen M, Reichelt ME, Ma Z, Ferguson C, Martel N, Porrello ER, Hudson JE, Thomas WG, Parton RG, Headrick JP. Cavin-1 deficiency modifies myocardial and coronary function, stretch responses and ischaemic tolerance: roles of NOS over-activity. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:24. [PMID: 28343262 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae and associated cavin and caveolins may govern myocardial function, together with responses to mechanical and ischaemic stresses. Abnormalities in these proteins are also implicated in different cardiovascular disorders. However, specific roles of the cavin-1 protein in cardiac and coronary responses to mechanical/metabolic perturbation remain unclear. We characterised cardiovascular impacts of cavin-1 deficiency, comparing myocardial and coronary phenotypes and responses to stretch and ischaemia-reperfusion in hearts from cavin-1 +/+ and cavin-1 -/- mice. Caveolae and caveolins 1 and 3 were depleted in cavin-1 -/- hearts. Cardiac ejection properties in situ were modestly reduced in cavin-1 -/- mice. While peak contractile performance in ex vivo myocardium from cavin-1 -/- and cavin-1 +/+ mice was comparable, intrinsic beating rate, diastolic stiffness and Frank-Starling behaviour (stretch-dependent diastolic and systolic forces) were exaggerated in cavin-1 -/- hearts. Increases in stretch-dependent forces were countered by NOS inhibition (100 µM L-NAME), which exposed negative inotropy in cavin-1 -/- hearts, and were mimicked by 100 µM nitroprusside. In contrast, chronotropic differences appeared largely NOS-independent. Cavin-1 deletion also induced NOS-dependent coronary dilatation, ≥3-fold prolongation of reactive hyperaemic responses, and exaggerated pressure-dependence of coronary flow. Stretch-dependent efflux of lactate dehydrogenase and cardiac troponin I was increased and induction of brain natriuretic peptide and c-Fos inhibited in cavin-1 -/- hearts, while ERK1/2 phospho-activation was preserved. Post-ischaemic dysfunction and damage was also exaggerated in cavin-1 -/- hearts. Diverse effects of cavin-1 deletion reveal important roles in both NOS-dependent and -independent control of cardiac and coronary functions, together with governing sarcolemmal fragility and myocardial responses to stretch and ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Kaakinen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Melissa E Reichelt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zhibin Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Charles Ferguson
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nick Martel
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James E Hudson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Walter G Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4217, Australia.
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12
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García-Niño WR, Correa F, Rodríguez-Barrena JI, León-Contreras JC, Buelna-Chontal M, Soria-Castro E, Hernández-Pando R, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Zazueta C. Cardioprotective kinase signaling to subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondria is mediated by caveolar structures. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:15. [PMID: 28160133 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The demonstration that caveolin-3 overexpression reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and our own finding that multiprotein signaling complexes increase in mitochondria in association with caveolin-3 levels, led us to investigate the contribution of caveolae-driven extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) on maintaining the function of cardiac mitochondrial subpopulations from reperfused hearts subjected to postconditioning (PostC). Rat hearts were isolated and subjected to ischemia/reperfusion and to PostC. Enhanced cardiac function, reduced infarct size and preserved ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes were associated with increased formation of caveolar structures, augmented levels of caveolin-3 and mitochondrial ERK1/2 activation in PostC hearts in both subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar (IFM) subpopulations. Disruption of caveolae with methyl-β-cyclodextrin abolished cardioprotection in PostC hearts and diminished pho-ERK1/2 gold-labeling in both mitochondrial subpopulations in correlation with suppression of resistance to permeability transition pore opening. Also, differences between the mitochondrial subpopulations in the setting of PostC were evaluated. Caveolae disruption with methyl-β-cyclodextrin abolished the cardioprotective effect of postconditioning by inhibiting the interaction of ERK1/2 with mitochondria and promoted decline in mitochondrial function. SSM, which are particularly sensitive to reperfusion damage, take advantage of their location in cardiomyocyte boundary and benefit from the cardioprotective signaling driven by caveolae, avoiding injury propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano No. 1, Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Francisco Correa
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano No. 1, Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julia Isabel Rodríguez-Barrena
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano No. 1, Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", 14000, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mabel Buelna-Chontal
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano No. 1, Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", 14000, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano No. 1, Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México.
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13
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Edwards AG, Louch WE. Species-Dependent Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmia: A Cellular Focus. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2017; 11:1179546816686061. [PMID: 28469490 PMCID: PMC5392019 DOI: 10.1177/1179546816686061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although ventricular arrhythmia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, available antiarrhythmic drugs have limited efficacy. Disappointing progress in the development of novel, clinically relevant antiarrhythmic agents may partly be attributed to discrepancies between humans and animal models used in preclinical testing. However, such differences are at present difficult to predict, requiring improved understanding of arrhythmia mechanisms across species. To this end, we presently review interspecies similarities and differences in fundamental cardiomyocyte electrophysiology and current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the generation of afterdepolarizations and reentry. We specifically highlight patent shortcomings in small rodents to reproduce cellular and tissue-level arrhythmia substrate believed to be critical in human ventricle. Despite greater ease of translation from larger animal models, discrepancies remain and interpretation can be complicated by incomplete knowledge of human ventricular physiology due to low availability of explanted tissue. We therefore point to the benefits of mathematical modeling as a translational bridge to understanding and treating human arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Edwards
- Center for Biomedical Computing, Simula Research Laboratory, Lysaker, Norway.,Center for Cardiological Innovation, Simula Research Laboratory, Lysaker, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias can follow disruption of the normal cellular electrophysiological processes underlying excitable activity and their tissue propagation as coherent wavefronts from the primary sinoatrial node pacemaker, through the atria, conducting structures and ventricular myocardium. These physiological events are driven by interacting, voltage-dependent, processes of activation, inactivation, and recovery in the ion channels present in cardiomyocyte membranes. Generation and conduction of these events are further modulated by intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and metabolic and structural change. This review describes experimental studies on murine models for known clinical arrhythmic conditions in which these mechanisms were modified by genetic, physiological, or pharmacological manipulation. These exemplars yielded molecular, physiological, and structural phenotypes often directly translatable to their corresponding clinical conditions, which could be investigated at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and whole animal levels. Arrhythmogenesis could be explored during normal pacing activity, regular stimulation, following imposed extra-stimuli, or during progressively incremented steady pacing frequencies. Arrhythmic substrate was identified with temporal and spatial functional heterogeneities predisposing to reentrant excitation phenomena. These could arise from abnormalities in cardiac pacing function, tissue electrical connectivity, and cellular excitation and recovery. Triggering events during or following recovery from action potential excitation could thereby lead to sustained arrhythmia. These surface membrane processes were modified by alterations in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and energetics, as well as cellular and tissue structural change. Study of murine systems thus offers major insights into both our understanding of normal cardiac activity and its propagation, and their relationship to mechanisms generating clinical arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L-H Huang
- Physiological Laboratory and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Caveolin-1/-3: therapeutic targets for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:45. [PMID: 27282376 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Caveolae, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), and caveolin-3 (Cav-3) are essential for the protective effects of conditioning against myocardial I/R injury. Caveolins are membrane-bound scaffolding proteins that compartmentalize and modulate signal transduction. In this review, we introduce caveolae and caveolins and briefly describe the interactions of caveolins in the cardiovascular diseases. We also review the roles of Cav-1/-3 in protection against myocardial ischemia and I/R injury, and in conditioning. Finally, we suggest several potential research avenues that may be of interest to clinicians and basic scientists. The information included, herein, is potentially useful for the design of future studies and should advance the investigation of caveolins as therapeutic targets.
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