1
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Wu C, Ruan T, Yuan Y, Xu C, Du L, Wang F, Xu S. Alterations in Synaptic Connectivity and Synaptic Transmission in Alzheimer's Disease with High Physical Activity. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD240123. [PMID: 38759013 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegeneration disease. Physical activity is one of the most promising modifiable lifestyles that can be effective in slowing down the progression of AD at an early stage. Objective Explore the molecular processes impaired in AD that were conversely preserved and enhanced by physical activity. Methods Integrated transcriptomic analyses were performed in datasets that contain AD patients and elders with different degrees of physical activity. The changes of the hub genes were validated through analyzing another two datasets. The expression of the hub genes was further detected in the hippocampus and cortexes of APP/PS1 transgenic mice with or without physical activity by Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Cross-comparison highlighted 195 DEGs displaying opposed regulation patterns between AD and high physical activity (HPA). The common DEGs were predominantly involved in synaptic vesicle recycling and synaptic transmission, largely downregulated in AD patients but upregulated in the elders with HPA. Two key modules and four hub genes that were related to synaptic vesicle turnover were obtained from the PPI network. The expression of these hub genes (SYT1, SYT4, SH3GL2, and AP2M1) was significantly decreased in AD transgenic mice and was reversed by HPA training. Conclusions HPA may reverse AD pathology by upregulating a range of synaptic vesicle transport related proteins which might improve the efficiency of synaptic vesicle turnover and facilitate inter-neuronal information transfer. The study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlining the protective effects of HPA on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Ruan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yalan Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunshuang Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijuan Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Faculty of Physical Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujun Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Ramnauth AD, Tippani M, Divecha HR, Papariello AR, Miller RA, Nelson ED, Pattie EA, Kleinman JE, Maynard KR, Collado-Torres L, Hyde TM, Martinowich K, Hicks SC, Page SC. Spatiotemporal analysis of gene expression in the human dentate gyrus reveals age-associated changes in cellular maturation and neuroinflammation. bioRxiv 2024:2023.11.20.567883. [PMID: 38045413 PMCID: PMC10690172 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is important for many cognitive functions, including learning, memory, and mood. Here, we investigated age-associated changes in transcriptome-wide spatial gene expression in the human dentate gyrus across the lifespan. Genes associated with neurogenesis and the extracellular matrix were enriched in infants, while gene markers of inhibitory neurons and cell proliferation showed increases and decreases in post-infancy, respectively. While we did not find evidence for neural proliferation post-infancy, we did identify molecular signatures supporting protracted maturation of granule cells. We also identified a wide-spread hippocampal aging signature and an age-associated increase in genes related to neuroinflammation. Our findings suggest major changes to the putative neurogenic niche after infancy and identify molecular foci of brain aging in glial and neuropil enriched tissue.
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3
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Gaur P, Bryois J, Calini D, Foo L, Hoozemans JJM, Malhotra D, Menon V. Single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomic profiling of human temporal cortex and white matter reveals novel associations with AD pathology. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.23.590816. [PMID: 38712204 PMCID: PMC11071354 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.23.590816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathological manifestations and is the leading cause of cognitive decline and dementia in elderly individuals. A major goal in AD research is to identify new therapeutic pathways by studying the molecular and cellular changes in the disease, either downstream or upstream of the pathological hallmarks. In this study, we present a comprehensive investigation of cellular heterogeneity from the temporal cortex region of 40 individuals, comprising healthy donors and individuals with differing tau and amyloid burden. Using single-nucleus transcriptome analysis of 430,271 nuclei from both gray and white matter of these individuals, we identified cell type-specific subclusters in both neuronal and glial cell types with varying degrees of association with AD pathology. In particular, these associations are present in layer specific glutamatergic (excitatory) neuronal types, along with GABAergic (inhibitory) neurons and glial subtypes. These associations were observed in early as well as late pathological progression. We extended this analysis by performing multiplexed in situ hybridization using the CARTANA platform, capturing 155 genes in 13 individuals with varying levels of tau pathology. By modeling the spatial distribution of these genes and their associations with the pathology, we not only replicated key findings from our snRNA data analysis, but also identified a set of cell type-specific genes that show selective enrichment or depletion near pathological inclusions. Together, our findings allow us to prioritize specific cell types and pathways for targeted interventions at various stages of pathological progression in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Gaur
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Julien Bryois
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Calini
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lynette Foo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dheeraj Malhotra
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
- MS Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, USA
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4
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Higashihara M, Pavey N, Menon P, van den Bos M, Shibuya K, Kuwabara S, Kiernan MC, Koinuma M, Vucic S. Reduction in short interval intracortical inhibition from the early stage reflects the pathophysiology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A meta-analysis study. Eur J Neurol 2024:e16281. [PMID: 38504632 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cortical hyperexcitability has been identified as a diagnostic and pathogenic biomarker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Cortical excitability is assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a non-invasive neurophysiological technique. The TMS biomarkers exhibiting highest sensitivity for cortical hyperexcitability in ALS remain to be elucidated. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the TMS biomarkers exhibiting the highest sensitivity for cortical hyperexcitability in ALS. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted of all relevant studies published in the English language by searching PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus electronic databases from 1 January 2006 to 28 February 2023. Inclusion criteria included studies reporting the utility of threshold tracking TMS (serial ascending method) in ALS and controls. RESULTS In total, more than 2500 participants, incorporating 1530 ALS patients and 1102 controls (healthy, 907; neuromuscular, 195) were assessed with threshold tracking TMS across 25 studies. Significant reduction of mean short interval intracortical inhibition (interstimulus interval 1-7 ms) exhibited the highest standardized mean difference with moderate heterogeneity (-0.994, 95% confidence interval -1.12 to -0.873, p < 0.001; Q = 38.61, p < 0.05; I2 = 40%). The reduction of cortical silent period duration along with an increase in motor evoked potential amplitude and intracortical facilitation also exhibited significant, albeit smaller, standardized mean differences. CONCLUSION This large meta-analysis study disclosed that mean short interval intracortical inhibition reduction exhibited the highest sensitivity for cortical hyperexcitability in ALS. Combined findings from this meta-analysis suggest that research strategies aimed at understanding the cause of inhibitory interneuronal circuit dysfunction could enhance understanding of ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Higashihara
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nathan Pavey
- Brain and Nerve Research Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Parvathi Menon
- Brain and Nerve Research Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mehdi van den Bos
- Brain and Nerve Research Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kazumoto Shibuya
- Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Neuroscience Resarch Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Masayoshi Koinuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
- Healthy Aging Innovation Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Steve Vucic
- Brain and Nerve Research Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Jin C, Wang M, Gao X, Wu S, Ding H, Bao Z, Wang B, Hu J. Deciphering scavenger receptors reveals key regulators in the intestine that function in carotenoid coloration of leopard coral groupers (Plectropomus leopardus). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129387. [PMID: 38253150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoid based body coloration are common features in fish, which depends on the diet derived carotenoids pigments deposition, employing a bunch of carotenoid uptake, absorption and processing related genes. Scavenger receptors are a large family of cell surface receptors with complex structure and diverse functions. However, the SRs genes have been insufficiently explored concerning their role in fish carotenoid coloration. Here, we systemically identified 19 SRs family genes and investigated their expression patterns of in various tissues of P. leopardus. Expression analysis unveiled the diverse involvements of SRs in the intestine of P. leopardus with different body colors and the responses to exogenous carotenoids. Notably, cd36, emerged as a pivotal factor in intestinal functions predominantly localized in the intestinal epithelial and goblet cells. Knockdown of cd36 led to the reduction in skin brightness and carotenoid levels in both intestine and skin, while overexpressing cd36 increased the carotenoids uptake of cells in vitro. Additionally, our investigations revealed that cd36 exerts regulation on genes associated with carotenoid uptake, transport, and processing. To sum up, our results provide a comprehensive view on SRs functions in carotenoid coloration of P. leopardus and will facilitate the understanding on the mechanism of carotenoids coloration of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya, China
| | - Mengya Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya, China
| | - Xin Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya, China
| | - Shaoxuan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya, China
| | - Hui Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya, China; Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineer Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Bo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya, China; Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China.
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya, China; Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineer Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
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6
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Kamondi A, Grigg-Damberger M, Löscher W, Tanila H, Horvath AA. Epilepsy and epileptiform activity in late-onset Alzheimer disease: clinical and pathophysiological advances, gaps and conundrums. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:162-182. [PMID: 38356056 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has demonstrated a link between Alzheimer disease (AD) and epilepsy. Late-onset epilepsy and epileptiform activity can precede cognitive deterioration in AD by years, and its presence has been shown to predict a faster disease course. In animal models of AD, amyloid and tau pathology are linked to cortical network hyperexcitability that precedes the first signs of memory decline. Thus, detection of epileptiform activity in AD has substantial clinical importance as a potential novel modifiable risk factor for dementia. In this Review, we summarize the epidemiological evidence for the complex bidirectional relationship between AD and epilepsy, examine the effect of epileptiform activity and seizures on cognition in people with AD, and discuss the precision medicine treatment strategies based on the latest research in human and animal models. Finally, we outline some of the unresolved questions of the field that should be addressed by rigorous research, including whether particular clinicopathological subtypes of AD have a stronger association with epilepsy, and the sequence of events between epileptiform activity and amyloid and tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kamondi
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andras Attila Horvath
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Nascimento MA, Biagiotti S, Herranz-Pérez V, Santiago S, Bueno R, Ye CJ, Abel TJ, Zhang Z, Rubio-Moll JS, Kriegstein AR, Yang Z, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Huang EJ, Alvarez-Buylla A, Sorrells SF. Protracted neuronal recruitment in the temporal lobes of young children. Nature 2024; 626:1056-1065. [PMID: 38122823 PMCID: PMC10901738 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The temporal lobe of the human brain contains the entorhinal cortex (EC). This region of the brain is a highly interconnected integrative hub for sensory and spatial information; it also has a key role in episodic memory formation and is the main source of cortical hippocampal inputs1-4. The human EC continues to develop during childhood5, but neurogenesis and neuronal migration to the EC are widely considered to be complete by birth. Here we show that the human temporal lobe contains many young neurons migrating into the postnatal EC and adjacent regions, with a large tangential stream persisting until the age of around one year and radial dispersal continuing until around two to three years of age. By contrast, we found no equivalent postnatal migration in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Immunostaining and single-nucleus RNA sequencing of ganglionic eminence germinal zones, the EC stream and the postnatal EC revealed that most migrating cells in the EC stream are derived from the caudal ganglionic eminence and become LAMP5+RELN+ inhibitory interneurons. These late-arriving interneurons could continue to shape the processing of sensory and spatial information well into postnatal life, when children are actively interacting with their environment. The EC is one of the first regions of the brain to be affected in Alzheimer's disease, and previous work has linked cognitive decline to the loss of LAMP5+RELN+ cells6,7. Our investigation reveals that many of these cells arrive in the EC through a major postnatal migratory stream in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Assis Nascimento
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Sean Biagiotti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Institute Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Samara Santiago
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Graduate Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raymund Bueno
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun J Ye
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute of Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Taylor J Abel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhuangzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan S Rubio-Moll
- Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arnold R Kriegstein
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhengang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Institute Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eric J Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Shawn F Sorrells
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience Graduate Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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8
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Mathys H, Peng Z, Boix CA, Victor MB, Leary N, Babu S, Abdelhady G, Jiang X, Ng AP, Ghafari K, Kunisky AK, Mantero J, Galani K, Lohia VN, Fortier GE, Lotfi Y, Ivey J, Brown HP, Patel PR, Chakraborty N, Beaudway JI, Imhoff EJ, Keeler CF, McChesney MM, Patel HH, Patel SP, Thai MT, Bennett DA, Kellis M, Tsai LH. Single-cell atlas reveals correlates of high cognitive function, dementia, and resilience to Alzheimer's disease pathology. Cell 2023; 186:4365-4385.e27. [PMID: 37774677 PMCID: PMC10601493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment remain poorly understood. To address this, we generated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the aged human prefrontal cortex covering 2.3 million cells from postmortem human brain samples of 427 individuals with varying degrees of AD pathology and cognitive impairment. Our analyses identified AD-pathology-associated alterations shared between excitatory neuron subtypes, revealed a coordinated increase of the cohesin complex and DNA damage response factors in excitatory neurons and in oligodendrocytes, and uncovered genes and pathways associated with high cognitive function, dementia, and resilience to AD pathology. Furthermore, we identified selectively vulnerable somatostatin inhibitory neuron subtypes depleted in AD, discovered two distinct groups of inhibitory neurons that were more abundant in individuals with preserved high cognitive function late in life, and uncovered a link between inhibitory neurons and resilience to AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansruedi Mathys
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Zhuyu Peng
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carles A Boix
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matheus B Victor
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Noelle Leary
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sudhagar Babu
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ghada Abdelhady
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xueqiao Jiang
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ayesha P Ng
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kimia Ghafari
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Alexander K Kunisky
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Julio Mantero
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kyriaki Galani
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vanshika N Lohia
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Gabrielle E Fortier
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yasmine Lotfi
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jason Ivey
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hannah P Brown
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Pratham R Patel
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nehal Chakraborty
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jacob I Beaudway
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Imhoff
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Cameron F Keeler
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Maren M McChesney
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Haishal H Patel
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sahil P Patel
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Megan T Thai
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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9
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He J, Fang B, Shan S, Li Q. Mechanical stiffness promotes skin fibrosis through Piezo1-mediated arginine and proline metabolism. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:354. [PMID: 37752116 PMCID: PMC10522626 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased mechanics of fibrotic skin tissue continuously regulate fibroblast functions such as survival and differentiation. Although all these processes consume metabolites, it is unclear whether and how cells adapt their metabolic activity to increased matrix stiffness. Here, we show that transferring mouse dermal fibroblasts from soft to stiff substrates causes an up-regulation of arginine and proline metabolism. Increased matrix stiffness stimulates the expression and activity of key metabolic enzymes, leading to the synthesis of L-proline, a major source of collagen. In addition, the novel mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 was identified as a key regulator of arginine and proline metabolism in fibroblasts under increased stiffness. Consistently, targeting Piezo1 to dermal fibroblasts in vivo effectively reduces fibrosis and arginine-proline metabolism in mouse skin. Therefore, mechanical stiffness is a critical environmental cue for fibroblast metabolism and skin fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao He
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengzhou Shan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China.
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Pavey N, Menon P, van den Bos MAJ, Kiernan MC, Vucic S. Cortical inhibition and facilitation are mediated by distinct physiological processes. Neurosci Lett 2023; 803:137191. [PMID: 36924929 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
A complex interaction of inhibitory and facilitatory interneuronal processes may underlie development of cortical excitability in the human motor cortex. To determine whether distinct interneuronal processes mediated cortical excitability, threshold tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation was utilised to assess cortical excitability, with figure-of-eight coil oriented in posterior-anterior (PA), anterior-posterior (AP) and latero-medial (LM) directions. Motor evoked potential (MEP) responses were recorded over the contralateral abductor pollicis brevis. Resting motor threshold (RMT), short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), short interval intracortical facilitation (SICF) and intracortical facilitation were recorded. Significant effects of coil orientation were evident on SICI (F = 8.560, P = 0.002) and SICF (F = 7.132, P = 0.003). SICI was greater when recorded with PA (9.7 ± 10.9%, P = 0.029) and AP (13.1 ± 7.0%, P = 0.003) compared to LM (5.2 ± 7.3%) directed currents. SICF was significantly greater with PA (-14.7 ± 8.1%, P = 0.016) and LM (-14.7 ± 8.8%, P = 0.005) compared to AP (-9.1 ± 7.2%) coil orientations. SICI recorded with LM and PA coil orientations were correlated (R = 0.7, P = 0.002), as was SICF recorded with AP vs LM (R = 0.60, P = 0.019) and LM vs PA (R = 0.69, P = 0.002) coil orientations. RMT was significantly smaller with PA compared to AP (P < 0.001) and LM (P = 0.018) stimulation. Recruitment of distinct interneuronal processes with variable cortical orientation and thresholds underlies short interval intracortical inhibition and facilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Pavey
- Brain and Nerve Research Centre, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Parvathi Menon
- Brain and Nerve Research Centre, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi A J van den Bos
- Brain and Nerve Research Centre, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Steve Vucic
- Brain and Nerve Research Centre, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Abdulzahir A, Klein S, Lor C, Perkins MG, Frelka A, Pearce RA. Changes in Memory, Sedation, and Receptor Kinetics Imparted by the β2-N265M and β3-N265M GABAA Receptor Point Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065637. [PMID: 36982709 PMCID: PMC10053577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Point mutations in the β2 (N265S) and β3 (N265M) subunits of γ-amino butyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) that render them insensitive to the general anesthetics etomidate and propofol have been used to link modulation of β2-GABAARs to sedation and β3-GABAARs to surgical immobility. These mutations also alter GABA sensitivity, and mice carrying the β3-N265M mutation have been reported to have impaired baseline memory. Here, we tested the effects of the β2-N265M and β3-N265M mutations on memory, movement, hotplate sensitivity, anxiety, etomidate-induced sedation, and intrinsic kinetics. We found that both β2-N265M and β3-N265M mice exhibited baseline deficits in the Context Preexposure Facilitation Effect learning paradigm. Exploratory activity was slightly greater in β2-N265M mice, but there were no changes in either genotype in anxiety or hotplate sensitivity. β2-N265M mice were highly resistant to etomidate-induced sedation, and heterozygous mice were partially resistant. In rapid solution exchange experiments, both mutations accelerated deactivation two- to three-fold compared to wild type receptors and prevented modulation by etomidate. This degree of change in the receptor deactivation rate is comparable to that produced by an amnestic dose of etomidate but in the opposite direction, indicating that intrinsic characteristics of GABAARs are optimally tuned under baseline conditions to support mnemonic function.
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Chen Y, Ma T. LAMP5 may promote MM progression by activating p38. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1611083. [PMID: 37033323 PMCID: PMC10073510 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common tumor of the hematologic system. MM remains incurable at this time. In this study, we used bioinformatics analysis to find key genes in the pathogenesis of MM. We first found that Lysosome associated membrane protein 5 (LAMP5) expression was sequentially increased in healthy donors (HD), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) and newly diagnosed MM (NDMM), relapsed MM (RMM). We collected bone marrow from patients with NDMM, HD and post-treatment MM (PTMM) and performed qPCR analysis of LAMP5, and found that the expression of LAMP5 is stronger in NDMM than in HD, and decreases after treatment. Western blotting assay also found more expression of LAMP5 in NDMM than in HD. Patients with high LAMP5 expression have a higher DS (Durie-Salmon) stage and worse prognosis. We next verified the expression of LAMP5 in four MM cell lines and silenced LAMP5 expression in RPMI-8226 and AMO-1, and explored the effects of LAMP5 silencing on MM cell apoptosis and cell cycle by flow cytometry and western blotting. Knockdown of LAMP5 promoted apoptosis in MM cells, but had no effect on the cell cycle. Mechanistically, LAMP5 may exert its pro-tumor effects in MM in part through activation of p38 protein. We screened LAMP5 for the first time as a key gene for MM progression and recurrence, and found that LAMP5 may exert its pro-tumor effects in MM through activation of p38 protein.
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Xuan W, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Sun X, Wang J, Li X, Zhang L, Wang X, Morahan G, Qin C. Genetic Mapping of Behavioral Traits Using the Collaborative Cross Resource. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24. [PMID: 36614124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The complicated interactions between genetic background, environment and lifestyle factors make it difficult to study the genetic basis of complex phenotypes, such as cognition and anxiety levels, in humans. However, environmental and other factors can be tightly controlled in mouse studies. The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a mouse genetic reference population whose common genetic and phenotypic diversity is on par with that of humans. Therefore, we leveraged the power of the CC to assess 52 behavioral measures associated with locomotor activity, anxiety level, learning and memory. This is the first application of the CC in novel object recognition tests, Morris water maze tasks, and fear conditioning tests. We found substantial continuous behavioral variations across the CC strains tested, and mapped six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) which influenced these traits, defining candidate genetic variants underlying these QTLs. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of the CC population in behavioral genetic research, while the identified genomic loci and genes driving the variation of relevant behavioral traits provide a foundation for further studies.
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Cho A, Bright F, Morey N, Au C, Ittner LM, Ke YD. Efficient Gene Expression in Human Stem Cell Derived-Cortical Organoids Using Adeno Associated Virus. Cells 2022; 11:3194. [PMID: 36291062 PMCID: PMC9601198 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical organoids are 3D structures derived either from human embryonic stem cells or human induced pluripotent stem cells with their use exploding in recent years due to their ability to better recapitulate the human brain in vivo in respect to organization; differentiation; and polarity. Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have emerged in recent years as the vectors of choice for CNS-targeted gene therapy. Here; we compare the use of AAVs as a mode of gene expression in cortical organoids; over traditional methods such as lipofectamine and electroporation and demonstrate its ease-of-use in generating quick disease models through expression of different variants of the central gene—TDP-43—implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
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