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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Luo Y, An P, Qi J, Zhang X, Zhou S, Li Y, Xu C, Luo J, Wang J. Product of Traditional Chinese Medicine Longgui Yangxinwan Protects the Human Body from Altitude Sickness Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction. High Alt Med Biol 2025; 26:20-29. [PMID: 38995860 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2024.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Yu Liu, Zhengyang Zhang, Yongting Luo, Peng An, Jingyi Qi, Xu Zhang, Shuaishuai Zhou, Yongzhi Li, Chong Xu, Junjie Luo, and Jiaping Wang. Product of traditional Chinese medicine longgui yangxinwan protects the human body from altitude sickness damage by reducing oxidative stress and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. High Alt Med Biol. 26:20-29, 2025. Background: Plateau reaction, caused by high-altitude exposure, results in symptoms like headaches, dyspnea, palpitations, fatigue, shortness of breath, and insomnia due to reduced oxygen levels. Mitochondria are crucial for high-altitude acclimatization as they regulate oxygen metabolism and cellular energy, reducing oxidative stress and maintaining bodily functions. Methods: The study participants were randomly divided into placebo group, Rhodiola group and longgui yangxinwan (Original name: taikong yangxinwan) group, with 20 people in each group. Three groups of subjects were sampled at three time points (PI: pre-intervention; P-D1: high-altitude day 1; P-D7: high-altitude day 7), and blood pressure, blood oxygen, heart rate, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count were measured. The ATP content, mitochondrial DNA copy number, expression of mitochondria-related genes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and mitochondrial morphology were measured in blood at each time point. Results: Our study results demonstrate that longgui yangxinwan keeps the selected human physiological indicators stable and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in the high altitude. Mechanically, longgui yangxinwan decreases the level of ROS in human serum, whereas increases the activity of the antioxidant enzyme GSH-PX. At high-altitude day 1 (P-D1) and high-altitude day 7 (P-D7), ROS in the placebo group were 1.5 and 2.2-fold higher than those of the longgui yangxinwan group, respectively. In addition, longgui yangxinwan enhances ATP production capacity, restores the levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, and effectively maintains mitochondrial morphology and integrity. At P-D1 and P-D7, the ATP levels in the longgui yangxinwan group were 19-fold and 26-fold higher than those in the placebo group, respectively. Conclusions: Our study highlights longgui yangxinwan as a potential drug for protecting humans from high-altitude damage by reducing oxidative stress and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongting Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhi Li
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Xu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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Ju IJ, Tsai BCK, Kuo WW, Kuo CH, Lin YM, Hsieh DJY, Pai PY, Huang SE, Lu SY, Lee SD, Huang CY. Rhodiola and Salidroside Attenuate Oxidative Stress-Triggered H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Apoptosis Through IGF1R-Induced ERK1/2 Activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:5150-5161. [PMID: 39109685 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/17/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. Rhodiola, a traditional Chinese medicine, is recognized for its potent antioxidant properties. Salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside derived from Rhodiola rosea, has shown remarkable antioxidant capabilities. This study aimed to elucidate the potential protective mechanisms of Rhodiola and salidroside against H2O2-induced cardiac apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. H9c2 cells were exposed to H2O2 for 4 h, and subsequently treated with Rhodiola or salidroside for 24 h. Cell viability and apoptotic pathways were assessed. The involvement of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and the activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) were investigated. H2O2 (100 μM) exposure significantly induced cardiac apoptosis in H9c2 cells. However, treatment with Rhodiola (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/mL) and salidroside (0.1, 1, and 10 nM) effectively attenuated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. This protective effect was associated with IGF1R-activated phosphorylation of ERK1/2, leading to the inhibition of Fas-dependent proteins, HIF-1α, Bax, and Bak expression in H9c2 cells. The images from hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence assays also revealed the protective effects of Rhodiola and salidroside in H9c2 cells against oxidative damage. Our findings suggest that Rhodiola and salidroside possess antioxidative properties that mitigate H2O2-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. The protective mechanisms involve the activation of IGF1R and subsequent phosphorylation of ERK1/2. These results propose Rhodiola and salidroside as potential therapeutic agents for cardiomyocyte cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in heart diseases. Future studies may explore their clinical applications in cardiac health.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ju Ju
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bruce Chi-Kang Tsai
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Pai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-En Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yeh Lu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
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Zhao Y, Zhang P, Zhang J. Microglia-mediated endothelial protection: the role of SHPL-49 in ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 180:117530. [PMID: 39388998 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
It was previously shown that SHPL-49, a glycoside derivative of salidroside formed through structural modification, exhibited neuroprotective effects in a rat cerebral ischemia model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Additionally, SHPL-49 enhanced the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-a (Vegf-a) in macrophages. Microglia, functioning as resident macrophages within the brain, promptly respond to cerebral ischemia and engage in interactions with the cells of the Glial-Vascular Unit to orchestrate nerve injury responses. We postulated that the neuroprotective effects of SHPL-49 were mediated through microglia-dependent amelioration of endothelial dysfunction following cerebral ischemia. The present study demonstrates that SHPL-49 effectively mitigated microglia-dependent endothelial dysfunction in the pMCAO model by upregulating the expression of VEGF and suppressing the release of MMP-9 from microglia. Further MRI analyses confirmed that SHPL-49 significantly reduced nerve and endothelial function when microglia were depleted in the brains of pMCAO rats. The above phenomenon was also confirmed in the in vitro experiment investigating microglia-mediated brain endothelial cell function. Furthermore, we discovered that SHPL-49 activates the VEGFR2/Akt/eNOS pathways in endothelial cells and suppresses the p38 MAPK/MMP-9 pathways in microglia cells, thereby facilitating brain endothelial cell protection. Altogether, we have demonstrated that SHPL-49 effectively ameliorates endothelial dysfunction induced by cerebral ischemia through a microglia-dependent mechanism, thereby providing more valuable insights and references for the clinical evaluation of SHPL-49 injection for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiange Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Sanz-Barrio PM, Noreen EE, Gilsanz-Estebaranz L, Lorenzo-Calvo J, Martínez-Ferrán M, Pareja-Galeano H. Rhodiola rosea supplementation on sports performance: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4414-4428. [PMID: 37495266 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether the supplementation with Rhodiola rosea (RR), an herb that has been used for centuries for its various properties, can have an effect on muscle damage and physical performance. The databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were used to find studies published until March 2023. Randomized controlled trials, healthy participants, and no use of other supplements. The search strategy was conducted by two independent reviewers, and specific information was extracted from the selected studies. Thirteen studies were included with 263 participants (198 men and 65 women between 18 and 65 years old). Two studies followed acute supplementation, 5 chronic, and 6 combined both. The results were heterogenous, having 11 studies with some positive effects, while 2 studies show no effect in variables such as rating of perceive exertion, heart rate, antioxidant capacity, blood lactate, creatine kinase, or C-reactive protein. Two limitations were found, firstly, the difference between supplementation and exercise protocols, and secondly, the existence of unclear or high risk of bias in most of the studies included. Acute supplementation with RR has a positive effect on endurance performance and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Chronic supplementation has a positive effect on anaerobic exercise performance, but not endurance exercise performance. Chronic supplementation may positively impact muscle damage during exercise. However, more high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of RR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric E Noreen
- Department of Health Sciences, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura Gilsanz-Estebaranz
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Lorenzo-Calvo
- Department of Sports, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Drafi F, Bauerova K, Chrastina M, Taghdisiesfejír M, Rocha J, Direito R, Figueira ME, Sepodes B, Ponist S. Rhodiola rosea L. Extract, a Known Adaptogen, Evaluated in Experimental Arthritis. Molecules 2023; 28:5053. [PMID: 37446715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola rosea L. extract (RSE) is mostly known for its adaptogen properties, but not for its antiarthritic activities, therefore monotherapy and combination with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) was studied. The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was used to measure the functional score, and the change in hind paw volume (HPV). Both parameters had significant antiarthritic effects. Based on these preliminary results, an adjuvant arthritis (AA) model was further applied to assess another parameters. The experiment included these animal groups: healthy controls, untreated AA, AA administered with RSE (150 mg/kg b.w. daily, p.o.), AA administered by MTX (0.3 mg/kg b.w. twice a week, p.o.), and AA treated with the combination of RSE+MTX. The combination of RSE+MTX significantly reduced the HPV and increased the body weight. The combination significantly decreased HPV when compared to MTX monotherapy. The plasmatic levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-17A, MMP-9 and CRP) were significantly decreased by MTX+RSE treatment. The RSE monotherapy didn't influence any of the inflammatory parameters studied. In CIA, the RSE monotherapy significantly decreased the arthritic parameters studied. In summary, the combination of RSE and sub-therapeutic MTX was significantly effective in AA by improving inflammatory and arthritic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Drafi
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Bauerova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Chrastina
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 10701/4A, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Mohsen Taghdisiesfejír
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - João Rocha
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines of the University of Lisbon (iMED.ULisboa), Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rosa Direito
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines of the University of Lisbon (iMED.ULisboa), Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Eduardo Figueira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines of the University of Lisbon (iMED.ULisboa), Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines of the University of Lisbon (iMED.ULisboa), Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Silvester Ponist
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Calabrese EJ, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Agathokleous E, Calabrese V. Rhodiola rosea and Salidroside commonly induce hormesis, with particular focus on longevity and neuroprotection. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110540. [PMID: 37169278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of Rhodiola rosea extracts and one of its major constituents, Salidroside, were evaluated for their capacity to induce hormesis/hormetic effects. The findings indicate that the Rhodiola rosea extracts and Salidroside commonly induce hormetic dose responses within a broad range of biological models, cell types and across a broad range of endpoints, with particular emphasis on longevity and neuroprotective endpoints. This paper represents the first integrative documentation and assessment of Rhodiola rosea extracts and Salidroside induction of hormetic effects. These findings have important biomedical applications and should have an important impact with respect to critical study design, dose selection and other experimental features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | | | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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Salesa B, Sabater i Serra R, Serrano-Aroca Á. Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1072. [PMID: 34827065 PMCID: PMC8615178 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of ionic metals such as zinc (Zn2+) is providing promising results in regenerative medicine. In this study, human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated with different concentrations of zinc chloride (ZnCl2), ranging from 1 to 800 µg/mL, for 3, 12 and 24 h. The results showed a time-concentration dependence with three non-cytotoxic concentrations (10, 5 and 1 µg/mL) and a median effective concentration value of 13.5 µg/mL at a cell exposure to ZnCl2 of 24 h. However, the zinc treatment with 5 or 1 µg/mL had no effect on cell proliferation in HaCaT cells in relation to the control sample at 72 h. The effects of the Zn2+ treatment on the expression of several genes related to glycoprotein synthesis, oxidative stress, proliferation and differentiation were assessed at the two lowest non-cytotoxic concentrations after 24 h of treatment. Out of 13 analyzed genes (superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), fibronectin 1 (FN1), hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), laminin subunit beta 1 (LAMB1), lumican (LUM), cadherin 1 (CDH1), collagen type IV alpha (COL4A1), fibrillin (FBN) and versican (VCAN)), Zn2+ was able to upregulate SOD1, CAT, TGFB1, GPX1, LUM, CDH1, FBN and VCAN, with relative expression levels of at least 1.9-fold with respect to controls. We found that ZnCl2 promoted glycoprotein synthesis and antioxidant gene expression, thus confirming its great potential in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Salesa
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46022 València, Spain;
| | - Roser Sabater i Serra
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center, Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46022 València, Spain;
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Jamioł M, Wawrzykowski J, Dec M, Wilk A, Czelej M. Comparison of Various Techniques for the Extraction, Analysis of Compounds and Determination of Antioxidant Activities of Rhodiola Spp. - A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1918147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jamioł
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Biolive Innovation Sp. Z O.o, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Wawrzykowski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Biolive Innovation Sp. Z O.o, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Dec
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Wilk
- Biolive Innovation Sp. Z O.o, Lublin, Poland
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Antioxidants as an Epidermal Stem Cell Activator. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100958. [PMID: 33036398 PMCID: PMC7600937 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants may modulate the microenvironment of epidermal stem cells by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species or by regulating the expression of extracellular matrix protein. The extracellular membrane is an important component of the stem cell niche, and microRNAs regulate extracellular membrane-mediated basal keratinocyte proliferation. In this narrative review, we will discuss several antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, plant extracts, peptides and hyaluronic acid, and their effect on the epidermal stem cell niche and the proliferative potential of interfollicular epidermal stem cells in 3D skin equivalent models.
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Ding XJ, Zhang ZY, Jin J, Han JX, Wang Y, Yang K, Yang YY, Wang HQ, Dai XT, Yao C, Sun T, Zhu CB, Liu HJ. Salidroside can target both P4HB-mediated inflammation and melanogenesis of the skin. Theranostics 2020; 10:11110-11126. [PMID: 33042273 PMCID: PMC7532676 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Many external factors can induce the melanogenesis and inflammation of the skin. Salidroside (SAL) is the main active ingredient of Rhodiola, which is a perennial grass plant of the Family Crassulaceae. This study evaluated the effect and molecular mechanism of SAL on skin inflammation and melanin production. It then explored the molecular mechanism of melanin production under ultraviolet (UV) and inflammatory stimulation. Methods: VISIA skin analysis imaging system and DermaLab instruments were used to detect the melanin reduction and skin brightness improvement rate of the volunteers. UV-treated Kunming mice were used to detect the effect of SAL on skin inflammation and melanin production. Molecular docking and Biacore were used to verify the target of SAL. Immunofluorescence, luciferase reporter assay, CO-IP, pull-down, Western blot, proximity ligation assay (PLA), and qPCR were used to investigate the molecular mechanism by which SAL regulates skin inflammation and melanin production. Results: SAL can inhibit the inflammation and melanin production of the volunteers. SAL also exerted a protective effect on the UV-treated Kunming mice. SAL can inhibit the tyrosinase (TYR) activity and TYR mRNA expression in A375 cells. SAL can also regulate the ubiquitination degradation of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) by targeting prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta polypeptide (P4HB) to mediate inflammation and melanin production. This study also revealed that IRF1 and upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) can form a transcription complex to regulate TYR mRNA expression. IRF1 also mediated inflammatory reaction and TYR expression under UV- and lipopolysaccharide-induced conditions. Moreover, SAL derivative SAL-plus (1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl) ethyl-β-d-glucoside) showed better effect on inflammation and melanin production than SAL. Conclusion: SAL can inhibit the inflammation and melanogenesis of the skin by targeting P4HB and regulating the formation of the IRF1/USF1 transcription complex. In addition, SAL-plus may be a new melanin production and inflammatory inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Ding
- Cheermore Cosmetic Dermatology Laboratory, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Cheermore Cosmetic Dermatology Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Cheermore Cosmetic Dermatology Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Xia Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Quality Management Department, Shijiazhuang Food and Drug Inspection Center, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Cheermore Cosmetic Dermatology Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Qi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Tong Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yao
- Cheermore Cosmetic Dermatology Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Cai-Bin Zhu
- Cheermore Cosmetic Dermatology Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Juan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
Salidroside is a phenolic secondary metabolite present in plants of the genus Rhodiola, and studies investigating its extensive pharmacological activities and mechanisms have recently attracted increasing attention. This review summarizes the progress of recent research on the antiproliferative activities of salidroside and its effects on breast, ovarian, cervical, colorectal, lung, liver, gastric, bladder, renal, and skin cancer as well as gliomas and fibrosarcomas. Thus, it provides a reference for the further development and utilization of salidroside.
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Bai XL, Deng XL, Wu GJ, Li WJ, Jin S. Rhodiola and salidroside in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1611-1626. [PMID: 31481002 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190903115424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, the knowledge gained about the mechanisms that underpin the potential use of Rhodiola in stress- and ageing-associated disorders has increased, and provided a universal framework for studies that focused on the use of Rhodiola in preventing or curing metabolic diseases. Of particular interest is the emerging role of Rhodiola in the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Moreover, over the last two decades, great efforts have been undertaken to unravel the underlying mechanisms of action of Rhodiola in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Extracts of Rhodiola and salidroside, the most abundant active compound in Rhodiola, are suggested to provide a beneficial effect in mental, behavioral, and metabolic disorders. Both in vivo and ex vivo studies, Rhodiola extracts and salidroside ameliorate metabolic disorders when administered acutely or prior to experimental injury. The mechanism involved includes multi-target effects by modulating various synergistic pathways that control oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondria, autophagy, and cell death, as well as AMPK signaling that is associated with possible beneficial effects on metabolic disorders. However, evidence-based data supporting the effectiveness of Rhodiola or salidroside in treating metabolic disorders is limited. Therefore, a comprehensive review of available trials showing putative treatment strategies of metabolic disorders that include both clinical effective perspectives and fundamental molecular mechanisms is warranted. This review highlights studies that focus on the potential role of Rhodiola extracts and salidroside in type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis, the two most common metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Li Bai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430077, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Guang-Jie Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Wuhan, Hubei 430077, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Wuhan, Hubei 430077, China
| | - Si Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Wuhan, Hubei 430077, China
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13
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Tao H, Wu X, Cao J, Peng Y, Wang A, Pei J, Xiao J, Wang S, Wang Y. Rhodiola species: A comprehensive review of traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and clinical study. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1779-1850. [PMID: 30652331 DOI: 10.1002/med.21564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhodiola species, belonging to the family Crassulaceae, have long been used as an adaptogen, tonic, antidepressant, and antistress medicine or functional food in Asia and Europe. Due to the valuable application, the growing demand of Rhodiola species has led to a rapid decrease in resource content. This review aims to summarize the integrated research progress of seven mainstream Rhodiola species. We first outline both traditional and current use of Rhodiola for the treatment of various diseases. A detailed summary and comparison of chemical, pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical studies of various Rhodiola species highlight recent scientific advances and gaps, which gives insights into the understanding of Rhodiola application and would be helpful to improve the situation of biological resources and diversities of Rhodiola plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiliang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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14
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Rhodiola rosea, a protective antioxidant for intense physical exercise: An in vitro study. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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15
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Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) Dry Extracts. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071767. [PMID: 30022015 PMCID: PMC6099734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) belongs to plants revealing adaptogenic properties, which are attributed to the presence of specific phenolic compounds and are reflected mainly as antioxidant activity. The aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of various products obtained from R. rosea (underground organs as well as their aqueous and ethanolic dry extracts) in relation to the chemical profiles of phenolic and essential oil compounds. The chemical profiles were determined by High-performance Liquid Chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), antioxidant activity by (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) Scavenging Capacity Assay (DPPH), (2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) Scavenging Capacity Assay (ABTS) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP) and antimicrobial properties were expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) values following the broth microdilutions method. The results show that the investigated samples differed in terms of their chemical compositions and biological activities. The extracts were more abundant in phenolic compounds (salidroside, tyrosol, and rosavin derivatives) in comparison to dried underground organs. The content of the determined phenolics in the analyzed extracts was affected by the solvent used for extraction. The ethanolic extract was characterized by the highest content of these substances in comparison to the aqueous one and the dried raw material, especially with regard to rosavin (969.71 mg/100 g). In parallel, this extract showed the strongest antioxidant and antibacterial activity. However, dried R. rosea underground organs also revealed strong antibacterial effects against, for example, Staphylococcus strains.
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Sun L, Dou F, Chen J, Chi H, Xing S, Liu T, Sun S, Chen C. Salidroside slows the progression of EA.hy926 cell senescence by regulating the cell cycle in an atherosclerosis model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:257-263. [PMID: 29115447 PMCID: PMC5780135 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for diseases of the cardiovascular system, such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, but little is known about the relationship between atherosclerosis (AS) and age-related declines in vascular structure and function. Here, we used histological analyses in combination with molecular biology techniques to show that lipid deposition in endothelial cell was accompanied by aging and growth arrest. Endothelial cell senescence is sufficient to cause AS; however, we found that salidroside reduced intracellular lipid deposition, slowed the progression of endothelial cell senescence and inhibited the expression of the senescence-related molecules and phosphorylated the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. Further study confirmed that salidroside increased the percent of S phase cells in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated endothelial cells. Collectively, vascular endothelial cell function declined with age and AS, and our data suggested that salidroside prevented ox-LDL-treated endothelial cell senescence by promoting cell cycle progression from G0/G1 phase to S phase via Rb phosphorylation. We demonstrated for the first time the complex interactions between AS and endothelial cell senescence, and we believe that salidroside represents a promising therapy for senescence-related AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Basic Research Department, Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Dou
- Basic Research Department, Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Jiulin Chen
- Basic Research Department, Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Huiying Chi
- Basic Research Department, Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Sanli Xing
- Basic Research Department, Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Te Liu
- Basic Research Department, Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Shenwei Sun
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Basic Research Department, Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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KALIA SAHIL, BHARTI VIJAYKUMAR, GIRI ARUP, VIVEK PRINCE, KUMAR BHUVNESH, UDAYABANU MALAIRAMAN. Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Rhodiola imbricata on growth performance, immunomodulation, antioxidant level and blood biochemical parameters in broiler chickens at high altitude cold desert. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v87i10.75244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Extremes of climate and hypobaric hypoxia cause poor growth performance in broiler chickens at high altitude.The current study was designed to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Rhodiola imbricata onantioxidant, cytokines, blood biochemical and growth performance of broilers at high altitude (3500 m). For invivostudy, one day-old broiler chicks of average initial body weight 36.40±0.42 g were randomly assigned to seven groups in three replicates (10 chicks in each replicate) as per completely randomized design. Experimental groups included control (fed basal diet), and treatment T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 which received hydro-alcoholic extract of Rhodiola imbricata in drinking water @ 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight of chicken respectively, along with basal diet. Blood samples were collected at 0, 21st, and 42nd day. HPLC analysis of extract revealed the presence of salidroside and p-tyrosol. As a result of this study, birds in T5 group had significantly higher body weight as compared to other groups. Furthermore, they had significantly higher total antioxidant capacity, free radical scavenging activity, interleukin-2, total protein, globulin, HDL level and lower malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, glucose, A/G, ALT, AST level as compared to control group. Our results suggest that, Rhodiola imbricata extract @ 400 mg/kg body weight of chicken, exhibited beneficial effect on growth performance and therefore, can be used as a phytogenic feed additive for broiler chickens.
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18
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Chiang HM, Chen HC, Wu CS, Wu PY, Wen KC. Rhodiola plants: Chemistry and biological activity. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:359-369. [PMID: 28911692 PMCID: PMC9351785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola is a genus of medicinal plants that originated in Asia and Europe and are used traditionally as adaptogens, antidepressants, and anti-inflammatory remedies. Rhodiola plants are rich in polyphenols, and salidroside and tyrosol are the primary bioactive marker compounds in the standardized extracts of Rhodiola rosea. This review article summarizes the bioactivities, including adaptogenic, antifatigue, antidepressant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinoception, and anticancer activities, and the modulation of immune function of Rhodiola plants and its two constituents, as well as their potential to prevent cardiovascular, neuronal, liver, and skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Mei Chiang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chun Chen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Wu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Wen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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19
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Pomari E, Stefanon B, Colitti M. Effects of Two Different Rhodiola rosea Extracts on Primary Human Visceral Adipocytes. Molecules 2015; 20:8409-28. [PMID: 25970041 PMCID: PMC6272273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20058409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola rosea (Rro) has been reported to have various pharmacological properties, including anti-fatigue, anti-stress and anti-inflammatory activity. It is also known to improve glucose and lipid metabolism, but the effects of Rhodiola rosea on adipocyte differentiation and metabolism are not still elucidated. In this study the anti-adipogenic and lipolytic activity of two extracts of Rhodiola rosea, containing 3% salidroside (RS) or 1% salidroside and 3% rosavines (RR) on primary human visceral adipocytes was investigated. Pre-adipocytes were analyzed after 10 and 20 days of treatment during differentiation and after 7 days of treatment when they reached mature shape. The RS extract significantly induced higher apoptosis and lipolysis in comparison to control cells and to RR extract. In contrast, RR extract significantly reduced triglyceride incorporation during maturation. Differentiation of pre-adipocytes in the presence of RS and RR extracts showed a significant decrease in expression of genes involved in adipocyte function such as SLC2A4 and the adipogenic factor FGF2 and significant increase in expression of genes involved in inhibition of adipogenesis, such as GATA3, WNT3A, WNT10B. Furthermore RR extract, in contrast to RS, significantly down-regulates PPARG, the master regulator of adipogenesis and FABP4. These data support the lipolytic and anti-adipogenetic activity of two different commercial extracts of Rhodiola rosea in primary human visceral pre-adipocytes during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pomari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Bruno Stefanon
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Monica Colitti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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Grech-Baran M, Sykłowska-Baranek K, Pietrosiuk A. Biotechnological approaches to enhance salidroside, rosin and its derivatives production in selected Rhodiola spp. in vitro cultures. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 14:657-674. [PMID: 26213525 PMCID: PMC4513219 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) an arctic-alpine plant, is extensively used in traditional folk medicine in Asian and European countries. A number of investigations have demonstrated that Rhodiola preparations exhibit adaptogenic, neuroprotective, anti-tumour, cardioprotective, and anti-depressant effects. The main compounds responsible for these activities are believed to be salidroside, rosin and its derivatives which became the target of biotechnological investigations. This review summarizes the results of the diverse biotechnological approaches undertaken to enhance the production of salidroside, rosin and its derivatives in callus, cell suspension and organ in vitro cultures of selected Rhodiola species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grech-Baran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sykłowska-Baranek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pietrosiuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Bayliak MM, Burdyliuk NI, Izers’ka LI, Lushchak VI. Concentration-Dependent Effects of Rhodiola Rosea on Long-Term Survival and Stress Resistance of Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae: The Involvement of YAP 1 and MSN2/4 Regulatory Proteins. Dose Response 2014; 12:93-109. [PMID: 24659935 PMCID: PMC3960956 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.13-013.bayliak] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentration-dependent effects of aqueous extract from R. rosea root on long-term survival and stress resistance of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. At low concentrations, R. rosea aqueous extract extended yeast chronological lifespan, enhanced oxidative stress resistance of stationary-phase cells and resistance to number stressors in exponentially growing cultures. At high concentrations, R. rosea extract sensitized yeast cells to stresses and shortened yeast lifespan. These biphasic concentration-responses describe a common hormetic phenomenon characterized by a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition. Yeast pretreatment with low doses of R. rosea extract enhanced yeast survival and prevented protein oxidation under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Positive effect of R. rosea extract on yeast survival under heat shock exposure was not accompanied with changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and levels of oxidized proteins. The deficiency in transcriptional regulators, Msn2/Msn4 and Yap1, abolished the positive effect of low doses of R. rosea extract on yeast viability under stress challenges. Potential involvement of Msn2/Msn4 and Yap1 regulatory proteins in realization of R. rosea beneficial effects is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ukraine
| | - Nadia I. Burdyliuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ukraine
| | - Lilia I. Izers’ka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ukraine
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22
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Chiang HM, Chien YC, Wu CH, Kuo YH, Wu WC, Pan YY, Su YH, Wen KC. Hydroalcoholic extract of Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) and its hydrolysate inhibit melanogenesis in B16F0 cells by regulating the CREB/MITF/tyrosinase pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 65:129-39. [PMID: 24380755 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of an aqueous alcohol extract of Rhodiola rosea (R. rosea) and its hydrolysate on melanin synthesis and the mechanisms mediating the activity. The ratio of tyrosol to salidroside was 2.3 in hydroalcoholic extract, and 51.0 in hydrolysate. We found that R. rosea extract and its hydrolysate inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in mouse melanoma cells (B16F0 cells). R. rosea extract also inhibited gene and protein expression of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and inhibited c-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, suppressed the activation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β), and inhibited the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1). R. rosea hydrolysate inhibited the phosphorylation of CREB, the activation of AKT and GSK3β, and the expression of MITF and tyrosinase. Our results suggest that R. rosea extract is a novel tyrosinase inhibitor and that it exerts its effects by regulating the CREB/MITF/tyrosinase pathway in B16F0. Further in vivo studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of R. rosea extract as a skin whitening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Mei Chiang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yin-Chih Chien
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsi Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Wu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yun Pan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Su
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Wen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Peng LH, Liu S, Xu SY, Chen L, Shan YH, Wei W, Liang WQ, Gao JQ. Inhibitory effects of salidroside and paeonol on tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in mouse B16F10 melanoma cells and ultraviolet B-induced pigmentation in guinea pig skin. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:1082-1087. [PMID: 23746955 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Salidroside, the major active component of Rhodiola rosea, a herb with antioxidant, free radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibitory effects, has been recently reported in protecting the kerationcytes from the UV radiation, suggesting the potential of this component in depigmentation. Paeonol is isolated from Moutan Cortex Radicis with anti-inflammation/microbial activities, was reported to induce the down-regulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and subsequently tyrosinase. To testify the potential of these compounds as melanin formation inhibitors for hyperpigmentation therapy, the influence of salidroside and paeonol on pigmentation was investigated. With arbutin as a positive control, salidroside and paeonol were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the cell viability, tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells, as well as their effects in UVB-induced hyperpigmentation in brown guinea pig skins. It was demonstrated that the significant inhibition of salidroside (33.0%) and paeonol (22.2-30.9%) on the tyrosinase activity is slightly lower than that of arbutin (18.4-44.7%). However, salidroside exhibited the dose-dependent inhibition (30.6-42.0%) in melanin synthesis at a low concentration of 100 μM, paeonol and arbutin expressed inhibition rates of 27.4-37.2% and 25.8-45.6% within 500-1000 μM. The in vivo topical application of these compounds was demonstrated to obviously decrease the hyperpigmentation on UVB stimulated guinea pig skin. This study provided the original evidence for the salidroside and paeonol as therapeutic agents for pigmentation disorder and skin lightening, with further clinical investigation of these compounds in the field of depigmentation was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Peng
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Uyeturk U, Terzi EH, Kemahli E, Gucuk A, Tosun M, Çetinkaya A. Alleviation of kidney damage induced by unilateral ureter obstruction in rats by Rhodiola rosea. J Endourol 2013; 27:1272-6. [PMID: 23806024 DOI: 10.1089/end.2013.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of Rhodiola rosea extract in terms of alleviating the renal damage induced by unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty Wistar albino male rats were divided into five groups: (I) Control, (II) UUO 7 days, (III) UUO 7 days+extract,(IV) UUO 14 days, and (V) UUO 14 days+extract. Seven or 14 days after the initiation of the experimental procedure, the left kidneys of rats in all five groups were removed for histological examination, and their blood was drawn for biochemical measurements. RESULT Median malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were, respectively, 39.4 (5.04) nmol/mL and 25.8 (8.01) nmol/minute/mL in group I, 77.9 (12.38) nmol/mL and 5.8 (1.95) nmol/minute/mL in group II, 48.7 (12.1) nmol/mL and 9.1 (2.3) nmol/minute/mL in group III, 58.5 (23.83) nmol/mL and 8.4 (2.1) nmol/minute/mL in group IV, and 44.8 (4.97) nmol/mL and 13.8 (3.73) nmol/minute/mL in group V. There was a statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of MDA and GPx levels (p<0.05 for both). The median numbers of apoptotic cells were 1 (1), 8 (2.25), 3 (1.25), 23.5 (9), and 7 (I) in groups I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively. There was a statistically siginificant difference among the groups in terms of apoptotic cell number (p<0.05). CONCLUSION R. rosea extract was shown to alleviate the renal damage induced by UUO through its antioxidant effects. The mechanism by which R. rosea extract causes these effects merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Uyeturk
- 1 Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Abant Izzet Baysal University , Bolu, Turkey
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Uyeturk U, Terzi EH, Gucuk A, Kemahli E, Ozturk H, Tosun M. Prevention of Torsion-induced Testicular Injury by Rhodiola rosea. Urology 2013; 82:254.e1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mudge E, Lopes-Lutz D, Brown PN, Schieber A. Purification of Phenylalkanoids and monoterpene glycosides from Rhodiola rosea L. roots by high-speed counter-current chromatography. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:129-134. [PMID: 22811209 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rhodiola rosea L. is a medicinal herb used for its adaptogenic properties. The main active components are the phenylpropanoids collectively referred to as rosavins. OBJECTIVES To develop an isolation method for phytochemicals present in Rhodiola rosea roots using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). METHODOLOGY The roots of Rhodiola rosea were extracted with methanol and fractionated using liquid-liquid partition and polyamide column clean-up. The purified fraction (100 mg) was subjected to semi-preparative HSCCC using the two-phase solvent system ethyl acetate:butanol:water (3:2:5). The head-to-tail elution mode was employed with a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and a rotary speed of 1000 rpm. RESULTS The separation yielded six main fractions with four components more than 90% pure. The sixth fraction was further purified using semi-preparative HPLC with a Synergi-hydro RP C₁₈ -column to obtain rosin and geranyl 1-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside. The main components isolated were rosavin (3.4 mg, 97% purity), salidroside (0.5 mg, 90% purity), benzyl-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1.2 mg, 85% purity), rosarin (1.3 mg, 99% purity), rosiridin (1.8 mg, 92% purity), rosin (1.2 mg, 95% purity) and geranyl 1-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (6.5 mg, 97% purity). The identity and purity of these components were confirmed using ultrafast liquid chromatography-diode-array detector-MS/MS analysis, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. CONCLUSION High-speed counter-current chromatography was successful in the isolation of several phytochemicals present in Rhodiola rosea roots, including two components that are not commercially available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mudge
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
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Zhang BC, Li WM, Guo R, Xu YW. Salidroside decreases atherosclerotic plaque formation in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2012; 2012:607508. [PMID: 23093983 PMCID: PMC3474264 DOI: 10.1155/2012/607508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside is isolated from Rhodiola rosea and is one of the main active components in Rhodiola species. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of Salidroside on atherosclerotic plaque formation in high-fat diet-(HFD-) fed female LDL receptor knockout (LDLr(-/-)) mice. LDLr(-/-) mice fed an atherogenic HFD for 12 weeks were divided into two groups. One group was administered Salidroside (50 mg/kg/oral gavage) daily for 8 weeks, while the control group was administered saline. Salidroside treatment reduced serum lipids levels and the plaque area through the arch to the abdominal aorta. Furthermore, Salidroside improved macrophage content and enhanced collagen and smooth muscle cells contents in the aortic sinus. These changes were associated with reduced MCP-1, VCAM-1, and VCAM-1 protein expression in atherosclerotic aortas. All these results suggest that Salidroside decreases atherosclerotic plaques formation via effects on lipid lowering and anti-inflammation in HFD-fed LDLr(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Chun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ya-Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
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Marzani B, Pinto D, Minervini F, Calasso M, Di Cagno R, Giuliani G, Gobbetti M, De Angelis M. The antimicrobial peptide pheromone Plantaricin A increases antioxidant defenses of human keratinocytes and modulates the expression of filaggrin, involucrin, β-defensin 2 and tumor necrosis factor-α genes. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:665-71. [PMID: 22742591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Plantaricin A (PlnA) is a peptide with antimicrobial and pheromone activities. PlnA was synthesized chemically and used as a pure peptide or synthesized biologically using Lactobacillus plantarum DC400 co-cultured with Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis DPPMA174. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) was used as a crude PlnA preparation. As estimated using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assays, both PlnA preparations increased the antioxidant defenses of human NCTC 2544 keratinocytes. PlnA (10 μg/ml) had a higher activity than hyaluronic acid or 125 μg/ml α-tocopherol. Effects on the transcriptional regulation of filaggrin (FLG), involucrin (IVL), hyaluronan synthase (HAS2), human β-defensin-2 (HBD-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) genes were assayed. Compared with the control, expression of the FLG gene in NCTC 2544 cells increased in cells treated with hyaluronic acid, 1 or 10 μg/ml PlnA. Compared with the control, the level of IVL gene expression increased in NCTC 2544 cells treated with 10 μg/ml PlnA. No significant difference was found between the level of the HAS2 gene expressed by control cells and cells treated with PlnA. Compared with chemically synthesized PlnA, the up-regulation of the HBD-2 gene by CFS was higher. Compared with the control, expression of TNF-α decreased in NCTC 2544 cells after treatment with 1 or 10 μg/ml of chemically synthesized PlnA. In contrast, the level of TNF-α was highest in the presence of 10 μg/ml CFS-PlnA. These findings suggest that the PlnA was positively sensed by human keratinocytes, promoting antioxidant defenses, barrier functions and antimicrobial activity of the skin.
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Bayliak MM, Lushchak VI. The golden root, Rhodiola rosea, prolongs lifespan but decreases oxidative stress resistance in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:1262-1268. [PMID: 21802922 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of aqueous extract from R. rosea root on lifespan and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been studied. The supplementation of the growth medium with R. rosea extract decreased survival of exponentially growing S. cerevisiae cells under H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress, but increased viability and reproduction success of yeast cells in stationary phase. The extract did not significantly affect catalase activity and decreased SOD activity in chronologically aged yeast population. These results suggest that R. rosea acts as a stressor for S. cerevisiae cells, what sensitizes yeast cells to oxidative stress at exponential phase, but induces adaptation in stationary phase cells demonstrating the positive effect on yeast survival without activation of major antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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Zubeldia JM, Nabi HA, del Río MJ, Genovese J. Exploring New Applications for Rhodiola rosea: Can We Improve the Quality of Life of Patients with Short-Term Hypothyroidism Induced by Hormone Withdrawal? J Med Food 2010; 13:1287-92. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hani A. Nabi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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