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Yang Q, Huang W, Yin D, Zhang L, Gao Y, Tong J, Li Z. EPHX1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms are associated with COPD risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1128985. [PMID: 37284064 PMCID: PMC10239837 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1128985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects approximately 400 million people worldwide and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. The effect of EPHX1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on COPD risk has not been fully characterized. Objective: To investigate the association of EPHX1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms with COPD risk. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on 9 databases to identify studies published in English and Chinese. The analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines (PRISMA). The pooled OR and 95% CI were calculated to evaluate the association of EPHX1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms with COPD risk. The I2 test, Q test, Egger's test, and Begg's test were conducted to determine the level of heterogeneity and publication bias of the included studies. Results: In total, 857 articles were retrieved, among which 59 met the inclusion criteria. The EPHX1 rs1051740 polymorphism (homozygote, heterozygote, dominant, recessives, and allele model) was significantly associated with high risk of COPD risk. Subgroup analysis revealed that the EPHX1 rs1051740 polymorphism was significantly associated with COPD risk among Asians (homozygote, heterozygote, dominant, and allele model) and Caucasians (homozygote, dominant, recessives, and allele model). The EPHX1 rs2234922 polymorphism (heterozygote, dominant, and allele model) was significantly associated with a low risk of COPD. Subgroup analysis showed that the EPHX1 rs2234922 polymorphism (heterozygote, dominant, and allele model) was significantly associated with COPD risk among Asians. The GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism (homozygote and recessives model) was significantly associated with COPD risk. Subgroup analysis showed that the GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism (homozygote and recessives model) was significantly associated with COPD risk among Caucasians. The GSTP1 rs1138272 polymorphism (heterozygote and dominant model) was significantly associated with COPD risk. Subgroup analysis suggested that the GSTP1 rs1138272 polymorphism (heterozygote, dominant, and allele model) was significantly associated with COPD risk among Caucasians. Conclusion: The C allele in EPHX1 rs1051740 among Asians and the CC genotype among Caucasians may be risk factors for COPD. However, the GA genotype in EPHX1 rs2234922 may be a protective factor against COPD in Asians. The GG genotype in GSTP1 rs1695 and the TC genotype in GSTP1 rs1138272 may be risk factors for COPD, especially among Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjun Yang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wanqiu Huang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dandan Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yating Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jiabing Tong
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Zegeng Li
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Hefei, China
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Willemse D, Moodley C, Mehra S, Kaushal D. Transcriptional Response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Cigarette Smoke Condensate. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:744800. [PMID: 34721344 PMCID: PMC8554204 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.744800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is known to be an added risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), with nearly a quarter of the TB cases attributed to cigarette smokers in the 22 countries with the highest TB burden. Many studies have indicated a link between risk of active TB and cigarette smoke. Smoking is also known to significantly decrease TB cure and treatment completion rate and increase mortality rates. Cigarette smoke contains thousands of volatile compounds including carcinogens, toxins, reactive solids, and oxidants in both particulate and gaseous phase. Yet, to date, limited studies have analyzed the impact of cigarette smoke components on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of TB. Here we report the impact of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on survival, mutation frequency, and gene expression of Mtb in vitro. We show that exposure of virulent Mtb to cigarette smoke increases the mutation frequency of the pathogen and strongly induces the expression of the regulon controlled by SigH—a global transcriptional regulator of oxidative stress. SigH has previously been shown to be required for Mtb to respond to oxidative stress, survival, and granuloma formation in vivo. A high-SigH expression phenotype is known to be associated with greater virulence of Mtb. In patients with pulmonary TB who smoke, these changes may therefore play an important, yet unexplored, role in the treatment efficacy by potentially enhancing the virulence of tubercle bacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danicke Willemse
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Chivonne Moodley
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
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van de Wetering C, Elko E, Berg M, Schiffers CHJ, Stylianidis V, van den Berge M, Nawijn MC, Wouters EFM, Janssen-Heininger YMW, Reynaert NL. Glutathione S-transferases and their implications in the lung diseases asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Early life susceptibility? Redox Biol 2021; 43:101995. [PMID: 33979767 PMCID: PMC8131726 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our lungs are exposed daily to airborne pollutants, particulate matter, pathogens as well as lung allergens and irritants. Exposure to these substances can lead to inflammatory responses and may induce endogenous oxidant production, which can cause chronic inflammation, tissue damage and remodeling. Notably, the development of asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is linked to the aforementioned irritants. Some inhaled foreign chemical compounds are rapidly absorbed and processed by phase I and II enzyme systems critical in the detoxification of xenobiotics including the glutathione-conjugating enzymes Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). GSTs, and in particular genetic variants of GSTs that alter their activities, have been found to be implicated in the susceptibility to and progression of these lung diseases. Beyond their roles in phase II metabolism, evidence suggests that GSTs are also important mediators of normal lung growth. Therefore, the contribution of GSTs to the development of lung diseases in adults may already start in utero, and continues through infancy, childhood, and adult life. GSTs are also known to scavenge oxidants and affect signaling pathways by protein-protein interaction. Moreover, GSTs regulate reversible oxidative post-translational modifications of proteins, known as protein S-glutathionylation. Therefore, GSTs display an array of functions that impact the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD. In this review we will provide an overview of the specific functions of each class of mammalian cytosolic GSTs. This is followed by a comprehensive analysis of their expression profiles in the lung in healthy subjects, as well as alterations that have been described in (epithelial cells of) asthmatics and COPD patients. Particular emphasis is placed on the emerging evidence of the regulatory properties of GSTs beyond detoxification and their contribution to (un)healthy lungs throughout life. By providing a more thorough understanding, tailored therapeutic strategies can be designed to affect specific functions of particular GSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl van de Wetering
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Evan Elko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Marijn Berg
- Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Caspar H J Schiffers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Vasili Stylianidis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne M W Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Kaymak C, Aygun Kocabas N, Aydın N, Oztuna D, Karakaya AE. The Relationship Between Glutathione S-Transferase-P1 and Beta-2 Adrenoreceptor Genotypes with Asthmatic Patients in the Turkish Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:522-8. [PMID: 27385593 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual differences in the activity of enzymes that metabolize xenobiotics can impact health and disease. Beta-2 adrenoreceptor (ADRB2) is a functional G-coupled protein expressed in the vascular endothelium of lungs, alveolar walls, and the ganglions of cholinergic nerves which induces bronchodilation in response to catecholamines. Glutathione S-Transferase-P1 (GSTP1) is a candidate pi class GST gene, which controls pi class glutathione S-transferase activity. AIMS In this study we determined the relationship between the ADRB2 Arg16Gly polymorphism and GSTP1 polymorphisms, involved in bronchodilator response and oxidative stress, respectively, with susceptibility to asthma. METHODS In this study, 129 asthmatic patients and 127 healthy control cases were recruited to determine ADRB2 and GSTP1 genotypes by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays, respectively. RESULTS The ADRB2 genotype frequencies of the patients and control cases were found to be 10.9% (Arg16Arg), 48.8% (Arg16Gly), and 40.3% (Gly16Gly) and 24.4% (Arg16Arg), 36.2% (Arg16Gly), and 39.4% (Gly16Gly), respectively. GSTP1 genotype frequencies of patients and control cases were found to be 55% (Ile105Ile), 43.4% (Ile105Val), and 1.6% (Val105Val) and 75.6% (Ile105Ile), 22% (Ile105Val), and 2.4% (Val105Val), respectively. In the case of the GSTP1 gene, we found statistically significant differences in the genotype frequency of Ile105Val and the allele frequency of Val105 in the asthmatic group compared with the controls. Moreover, we observed a relationship between allele frequencies and clinical phenotypes including atopia nocturnal dyspnea, and steroid dependency in the asthmatic patients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism may be linked to the severeness of airway dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cetin Kaymak
- 1 Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Ministry of Health, Intensive Care Unit, Ankara Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Nesrin Aydın
- 3 Department of Respiratory Disease, Ministry of Health, Ankara Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Oztuna
- 4 Department of Medical Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Esat Karakaya
- 2 Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University , Ankara, Turkey
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Yang L, Li X, Tong X, Fan H. Association between glutathione S-transferase P1 Ile (105) Val gene polymorphism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis based on seventeen case-control studies. Meta Gene 2015; 6:59-64. [PMID: 26504746 PMCID: PMC4576405 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have shown that glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the association between GSTP1 Ile (105) Val gene polymorphism and COPD remains controversial. To drive a more precise estimation, we performed a meta-analysis based on published case-control studies. METHODS An electronic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science and China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI) Database for papers on GSTP1 Ile (105) Val gene polymorphism and COPD risk was performed. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association in the homozygote model, heterozygote model, dominant model, recessive model and an additive mode. Statistical heterogeneity, test of publication bias and sensitivity analysis was performed. The software STATA (Version 13.0) was used data analysis. RESULTS Overall, seventeen studies with 1892 cases and 2012 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The GSTP1 Ile (105) Val polymorphism showed pooled odds ratios for the homozygote comparison (OR = 1.501, 95%CI [0.862, 2.614]), heterozygote comparison (OR = 0.924, 95%CI [0.733, 1.165]), dominant model (OR = 1.003, 95%CI [0.756, 1.331]), recessive model (OR = 1.510, 95%CI [0.934, 2.439]), and an additive model (OR = 1.072, 95%CI [0.822, 1.398]). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the current meta-analysis, based on the most updated information, showed no significant association between GSTP1 Ile (105) Val gene polymorphism and COPD risk in any genetic models. The results of subgroup analysis also showed no significant association between GSTP1 Ile (105) Val gene polymorphism and COPD risk in Asian population and Caucasian population. Further studies involving large populations and careful control with age, sex, ethnicity, and cigarette smoking are greatly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjing Yang
- Department of Respiration, East Branch, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Xixia Li
- Department of Respiration, East Branch, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Dey T, Gogoi K, Unni BG, Kalita M, Bharadwaz M, Bhattacharjee M, Boruah PK, Bora T, Ozah D, Kalita M. Role of glutathione S transferase polymorphism in COPD with special reference to peoples living in the vicinity of the open cast coal mine of Assam. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96739. [PMID: 24809844 PMCID: PMC4014550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD may develop due to variation in the functioning of antioxidants along with smoking and environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Since there are different views about the antioxidants responsible for detoxifying xenobiotic compound in the human body whose functional variation may lead to obstructive disease, this associative study has been taken up between GST gene polymorphism and COPD in populations exposed to coal dusts. METHODS Genotypes of the 70 COPD patients and 85 non COPD patients were determined by PCR based methods followed by multiplex PCR of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes taking albumin gene as a control. Suspended particulate analyses were determined through the Respirable Dust sampler along with the FTIR analysis of the dust samples from the glass microfiber filters. RESULTS Dust sampling analysis reveals higher level of respirable suspended particulate matter, non respirable particulate matter, SO2 and NO2 present in air of the study site. FTIR analysis also suggests a higher concentration of organic silicone and aliphatic C-F compounds present in air of the study site and when spirometry was done, low lung function was observed among most of the subjects. GSTM1 null type was significantly associated with low lung function in smoker groups and the presence of at least one active allele (either GSTM1/GSTT1) seemed to have a protective role in the development of COPD. CONCLUSIONS GSTM1 (null genotype) appeared to be a risk factor for lower lung function in smokers living in the vicinity of coal mines. Apart from polluted environment and genetic susceptibility, mixed coal dust exposure rich in organic silicone and aliphatic C-F compounds also appears to be a factor for the low lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Dey
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - North-East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Kabita Gogoi
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - North-East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Bala Gopalan Unni
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - North-East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Munmi Kalita
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - North-East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Moonmee Bharadwaz
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - North-East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Minakshi Bhattacharjee
- Biotechnology Department, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), 9th Mile, Meghalaya, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Boruah
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - North-East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Thaneswar Bora
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - North-East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Ozah
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - North-East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Manoj Kalita
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - North-East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
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Nourani MR, Azimzadeh S, Ghanei M, Imani Fooladi AA. Expression of glutathione S-transferase variants in human airway wall after long-term response to sulfur mustard. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 34:125-30. [PMID: 24344877 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.864677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sulfur mustard (SM) is an alkylating agent identified as a potent chemical warfare agent. More recently, SM was used in the Iraq conflict against Iranian troops and civilians. At present, there are many people suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to mustard gas in Iran. SM increases the endogenous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oxidant/antioxidant imbalance present in the lungs of these patients also results from the impaired capacity of the antioxidant/detoxification enzymes to detoxify the harmful reactive oxygen metabolites. OBJECTIVE One of the major antioxidants in human airways is glutathione S-transferase. They facilitate the detoxification of various environmental of oxidative stress. In this study, we attempted to understand the significance different in expression of GSTs in airway wall of chemical patients and control. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven normal and 20 SM induced COPD individuals were studied. Bronchoscopy was performed in all subjects and two specimens were taken from the main bronchus for mRNA extraction, PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS SM-induced COPD individuals showed expression of GSTA1 2.51 ± 0.83-, GSTM1 2.84 ± 1.71- and GSTP1 5.61 ± 2.59-folds higher than those of controls that revealed. GSTP1-immunoreactivity was strongly expressed in luminal border of normal samples. SM patient samples immunoreactivity for GSTP1 in the same area were negative. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION According to these findings, we speculated that overexpression of GSTs mRNA in patients revealed that GSTs plays an important role in cellular protection against oxidative stress of MS in airway wall of patients.
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Wu X, Yuan B, López E, Bai C, Wang X. Gene polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 18:15-26. [PMID: 24256364 PMCID: PMC3916114 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic component was suggested to contribute to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a major and growing public health burden. The present review aims to characterize the evidence that gene polymorphisms contribute to the aetiology of COPD and related traits, and explore the potential relationship between certain gene polymorphisms and COPD susceptibility, severity, lung function, phenotypes, or drug effects, even though limited results from related studies lacked consistency. Most of these studies were association studies, rather than confirmatory studies. More large-sized and strictly controlled studies are needed to prove the relationship between gene polymorphisms and the reviewed traits. More importantly, prospective confirmatory studies beyond initial association studies will be necessary to evaluate true relationships between gene polymorphisms and COPD and help individualized treatment for patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
A genetic contribution to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well established. However, the specific genes responsible for enhanced risk or host differences in susceptibility to smoke exposure remain poorly understood. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive literature overview on the genetics of COPD, highlight the most promising findings during the last few years, and ultimately provide an updated COPD gene list. Candidate gene studies on COPD and related phenotypes indexed in PubMed before January 5, 2012 are tabulated. An exhaustive list of publications for any given gene was looked for. This well-documented COPD candidate-gene list is expected to serve many purposes for future replication studies and meta-analyses as well as for reanalyzing collected genomic data in the field. In addition, this review summarizes recent genetic loci identified by genome-wide association studies on COPD, lung function, and related complications. Assembling resources, integrative genomic approaches, and large sample sizes of well-phenotyped subjects is part of the path forward to elucidate the genetic basis of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Bossé
- Centre de recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada.
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10
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Sandford AJ, Malhotra D, Boezen HM, Siedlinski M, Postma DS, Wong V, Akhabir L, He JQ, Connett JE, Anthonisen NR, Paré PD, Biswal S. NFE2L2 pathway polymorphisms and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:754-63. [PMID: 22693272 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00027.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the lung contributes to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that is caused by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental risk factors. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2 or NRF2) is a critical molecule in the lung's defense mechanism against oxidants. We investigated whether polymorphisms in the NFE2L2 pathway affected the rate of decline of lung function in smokers from the Lung Health Study (LHS)(n = 547) and in a replication set, the Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen cohort (n = 533). We selected polymorphisms in NFE2L2 in genes that positively or negatively regulate NFE2L2 transcriptional activity and in genes that are regulated by NFE2L2. Polymorphisms in 11 genes were significantly associated with rate of lung function decline in the LHS. One of these polymorphisms, rs11085735 in the KEAP1 gene, was previously shown to be associated with the level of lung function in the Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen cohort but not with decline of lung function. Of the 23 associated polymorphisms in the LHS, only rs634534 in the FOSL1 gene showed a significant association in the Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen cohort with rate of lung function decline, but the direction of the association was not consistent with that in the LHS. In summary, despite finding several nominally significant polymorphisms in the LHS, none of these associations were replicated in the Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen cohort, indicating lack of effect of polymorphisms in the NFE2L2 pathway on the rate of decline of lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Sandford
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Providence Heart + Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Putra AC, Tanimoto K, Arifin M, Antariksa B, Hiyama K. Genetic variations in detoxification enzymes and HIF-1α in Japanese patients with COPD. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2011; 7:7-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2011.00255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhong L, Zhang YP, Fu WP, Dai LM, Sun C, Wang YQ. The relationship between GSTP1 I105V polymorphism and COPD: a reappraisal. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181:763-5. [PMID: 20335387 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.181.7.763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Di Pietro G, Magno LAV, Rios-Santos F. Glutathione S-transferases: an overview in cancer research. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:153-70. [PMID: 20078251 DOI: 10.1517/17425250903427980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have advanced beyond the classic view of their role in metabolism and are encouraging scientists to assess new approaches to cancer risk characterization and chemotherapy resistance and are opening up exciting possibilities in drug discovery. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW In this review, the most recent knowledge about the impact of GST genetic polymorphisms in human's cancer susceptibility, ethnic differences in the effects of risk factors and the rise of the GSTs as important targets for drug development are presented. In this context, the ethnic distribution of GST alleles in different populations, which is an important concept that is being incorporated in epidemiologic studies of cancer risk and environmental exposure, was also evaluated. We present up-to-date information about the new generation of GST-activated cytotoxic prodrugs based on GST overexpression in tumor-acquired drug resistance and the newest results of clinical trials. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN A critical approach of the major advances in research of GST, underlining the new advances of GST genes polymorphisms in cancer susceptibility and target for therapeutic intervention. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Although polygenic factors are involved in increased risk of cancer, the interindividual GST variability plays a central role in reduce cells exposure to carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Di Pietro
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular (LAFEM), Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900, Brazil.
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Yan F, Chen C, Jing J, Li W, Shen H, Wang X. Association between polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase P1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis. Respir Med 2010; 104:473-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Cho HJ, Eom HS, Kim HJ, Kim IS, Lee GW, Kong SY. Glutathione-S-transferase genotypes influence the risk of chemotherapy-related toxicities and prognosis in Korean patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 198:40-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Smolonska J, Wijmenga C, Postma DS, Boezen HM. Meta-analyses on suspected chronic obstructive pulmonary disease genes: a summary of 20 years' research. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:618-31. [PMID: 19608716 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200905-0722oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disorder with high mortality worldwide. Studies on the role of candidate genes and their polymorphisms in COPD development have so far produced ambiguous results. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to reveal the role of COPD candidate genes using data collected in previous research. METHODS We performed meta-analyses on 20 polymorphisms in 12 genes, after searching the PubMed and Embase databases for publications on COPD. These genes involve three main pathways associated with COPD development: the inflammatory, protease-antiprotease balance, and antioxidant pathways. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We obtained significant results for three TGFB1 polymorphisms, although these were based only on a few studies. The IL1RN VNTR polymorphism increases the risk for COPD (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-2.65), whereas the TNFA -308 G/A polymorphism does so only in Asian populations (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.21-3.31). The GSTP1 I105V polymorphism was protective for COPD in Asian populations only (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56-0.85). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the importance of ethnicity in identifying specific COPD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Smolonska
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Hu G, Shi Z, Hu J, Zou G, Peng G, Ran P. Association between polymorphisms of microsomal epoxide hydrolase and COPD: results from meta-analyses. Respirology 2009; 13:837-50. [PMID: 18811882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2008.01356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE COPD is a complex polygenic disease in which gene-environment interactions are very important. The gene encoding microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1) is one of several candidate loci for COPD pathogenesis and is highly polymorphic. Based chi on the polymorphisms of EPHX1 gene (tyrosine/histidine 113, histidine/arginine 139), the population can be classified into four groups of putative EPHX1 phenotypes (fast, normal, slow and very slow). A number of studies have investigated the association between the genotypes and phenotypes of EPHX1 and COPD susceptibility in different populations, with inconsistent results. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the published data was performed to gain a clearer understanding of this association. METHODS The MEDLINE database was searched for case-control studies published from 1966 to August 2007. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS Sixteen eligible studies, comprising 1847 patients with COPD and 2455 controls, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled result showed that the EPHX1 113 mutant homozygote was significantly associated with an increased risk of COPD (OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14-2.21). Subgroup analysis supported the result in the Asian population, but not in the Caucasian population. When the analysis was limited to only the larger-sample-size studies, studies in which controls were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and studies in which controls were smokers/ex-smokers, the pooled results supported the conclusion. The EPHX1 139 heterozygote protected against the development of COPD in the Asian population, but not in the Caucasian population. The other gene types of EPHX1 113 and EPHX1 139 were not associated with an increased risk of COPD. The slow activity phenotype of EPHX1 was associated with an increased risk of COPD. The fast activity phenotype of EPHX1 was a protective factor for developing COPD in the Asian population, but not in the Caucasian population. However, the very slow activity phenotype of EPHX1 was a risk for developing COPD in the Caucasian population, but not in the Asian population. CONCLUSIONS The polymorphisms of EPHX1 113 and EPHX1 139 are genetic contributors to COPD susceptibility in Asian populations. The phenotypes of EPHX1 were contributors to overall COPD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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18
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Abstract
Although a hereditary contribution to emphysema has been long suspected, severe alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency remains the only conclusively proven genetic risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recently, genome-wide linkage analysis has led to the identification of two promising candidate genes for COPD: TGFB1 and SERPINE2. Like multiple other COPD candidate gene associations, even these positionally identified genes have not been universally replicated across all studies. Differences in phenotype definition may contribute to nonreplication in genetic studies of heterogeneous disorders such as COPD. The use of precisely measured phenotypes, including emphysema quantification on high-resolution chest computed tomography scans, has aided in the discovery of additional genes for clinically relevant COPD-related traits. The use of computed tomography scans to assess emphysema and airway disease as well as newer genetic technologies, including gene expression microarrays and genome-wide association studies, has great potential to detect novel genes affecting COPD susceptibility, severity, and response to treatment.
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19
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Bentley AR, Emrani P, Cassano PA. Genetic variation and gene expression in antioxidant related enzymes and risk of COPD: a systematic review. Thorax 2008; 63:956-61. [PMID: 18566111 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2007.086199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational epidemiological studies of dietary antioxidant intake, serum antioxidant concentration and lung outcomes suggest that lower levels of antioxidant defences are associated with decreased lung function. Another approach to understanding the role of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is to investigate the role of genetic variation in antioxidant enzymes, and indeed family based studies suggest a heritable component to lung disease. Many studies of the genes encoding antioxidant enzymes have considered COPD or COPD related outcomes, and a systematic review is needed to summarise the evidence to date, and to provide insights for further research. METHODS Genetic association studies of antioxidant enzymes and COPD/COPD related traits, and comparative gene expression studies with disease or smoking as the exposure were systematically identified and reviewed. Antioxidant enzymes considered included enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism, in the thioredoxin system, superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalase. RESULTS A total of 29 genetic association and 15 comparative gene expression studies met the inclusion criteria. The strongest and most consistent effects were in the genes GCL, GSTM1, GSTP1 and SOD3. This review also highlights the lack of studies for genes of interest, particularly GSR, GGT and those related to TXN. There were limited opportunities to evaluate the contribution of a gene to disease risk through synthesis of results from different study designs, as the majority of studies considered either association of sequence variants with disease or effect of disease on gene expression. CONCLUSION Network driven approaches that consider potential interaction between and among genes, smoke exposure and antioxidant intake are needed to fully characterise the role of oxidant/antioxidant balance in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Bentley
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, 209 Savage Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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20
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Hersh CP, DeMeo DL, Reilly JJ, Silverman EK. Xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme gene polymorphisms predict response to lung volume reduction surgery. Respir Res 2007; 8:59. [PMID: 17686149 PMCID: PMC2048957 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-8-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT), marked variability in response to lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) was observed. We sought to identify genetic differences which may explain some of this variability. METHODS In 203 subjects from the NETT Genetics Ancillary Study, four outcome measures were used to define response to LVRS at six months: modified BODE index, post-bronchodilator FEV1, maximum work achieved on a cardiopulmonary exercise test, and University of California, San Diego shortness of breath questionnaire. Sixty-four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in five genes previously shown to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility, exercise capacity, or emphysema distribution. RESULTS A SNP upstream from glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1; p = 0.003) and a coding SNP in microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1; p = 0.02) were each associated with change in BODE score. These effects appeared to be strongest in patients in the non-upper lobe predominant, low exercise subgroup. A promoter SNP in EPHX1 was associated with change in BODE score (p = 0.008), with the strongest effects in patients with upper lobe predominant emphysema and low exercise capacity. One additional SNP in GSTP1 and three additional SNPs in EPHX1 were associated (p < 0.05) with additional LVRS outcomes. None of these SNP effects were seen in 166 patients randomized to medical therapy. CONCLUSION Genetic variants in GSTP1 and EPHX1, two genes encoding xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, were predictive of response to LVRS. These polymorphisms may identify patients most likely to benefit from LVRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P Hersh
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John J Reilly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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DeMeo DL, Hersh CP, Hoffman EA, Litonjua AA, Lazarus R, Sparrow D, Benditt JO, Criner G, Make B, Martinez FJ, Scanlon PD, Sciurba FC, Utz JP, Reilly JJ, Silverman EK. Genetic determinants of emphysema distribution in the national emphysema treatment trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:42-8. [PMID: 17363767 PMCID: PMC2049064 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200612-1797oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Computed tomography (CT) scanning of the lung may reduce phenotypic heterogeneity in defining subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and allow identification of genetic determinants of emphysema severity and distribution. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify genes associated with CT scan distribution of emphysema in individuals without alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency but with severe COPD. METHODS We evaluated baseline CT densitometry phenotypes in 282 individuals with emphysema enrolled in the Genetics Ancillary Study of the National Emphysema Treatment Trial, and used regression models to identify genetic variants associated with emphysema distribution. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Emphysema distribution was assessed by two methods--assessment by radiologists and by computerized density mask quantitation, using a threshold of -950 Hounsfield units. A total of 77 polymorphisms in 20 candidate genes were analyzed for association with distribution of emphysema. GSTP1, EPHX1, and MMP1 polymorphisms were associated with the densitometric, apical-predominant distribution of emphysema (p value range = 0.001-0.050). When an apical-predominant phenotype was defined by the radiologist scoring method, GSTP1 and EPHX1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated. In a case-control analysis of COPD susceptibility limited to cases with densitometric upper-lobe-predominant cases, the EPHX1 His139Arg single-nucleotide polymorphism was associated with COPD (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Apical and basal emphysematous destruction appears to be influenced by different genes. Polymorphisms in the xenobiotic enzymes, GSTP1 and EPHX1, are associated with apical-predominant emphysema. Altered detoxification of cigarette smoke metabolites may contribute to emphysema distribution, and these findings may lead to further insight into genetic determinants of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Laboratory, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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22
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Calikoglu M, Tamer L, Ates Aras N, Karakaş S, Ercan B. The Association Between Polymorphic Genotypes of Glutathione S-Transferases and COPD in the Turkish Population. Biochem Genet 2006; 44:307-19. [PMID: 16977512 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-006-9031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although smoking is regarded as the most important causal factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), only 10-20% of smokers develop symptomatic COPD, which indicates the presence of genetic predisposing factors in its pathogenesis. This study investigates the association between gene polymorphysims of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and COPD. Blood samples were taken from 149 patients and 150 healthy controls. Polymorphisms of GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 were genotyped using Real-Time PCR. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals between specific genotypes and COPD. There was no difference in the frequencies of the genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 between the groups, but the GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls (61.1% vs. 38%). GSTP1 Ile/Val and Val/Val genotypes were associated with a decreased risk of COPD when compared to the Ile/Ile genotype (2.12-fold and 4-fold, respectively). Thus we suggest that the Val allele of GSTP1 may have a protective effect for development of COPD. Furthermore, when we evaluated the association between GSTP1 genes and smoking status, smokers with the GSTP1 Ile allele had an increased risk for the development of COPD. Among the combinations of the genotypes, the combination of GSTM1, GSTT1 null, and GSTP1 Val/Val was associated with the maximal increased risk (12-fold) of COPD. Thus to explain the ethiopathogenesis of COPD, investigation of a single gene family is inadequate. Based on our results and the previous data, further studies should be focused on the GSTP1 gene and the interactions with other genes such as polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferases, GSTM1 and GSTT1, microsomal epoxide hydrolase, and allelic variants of cytochrome P450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukadder Calikoglu
- Department of Chest Disease, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, 33079 Mersin, Turkey.
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23
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Cho HJ, Lee SY, Ki CS, Kim JW. GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms in the Korean population. J Korean Med Sci 2005; 20:1089-92. [PMID: 16361831 PMCID: PMC2779318 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2005.20.6.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoenzymes of the glutathione s transferase (GST) family play a vital role in phase II of biotransformation of many substances. Using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction and a direct sequencing analysis, the frequencies of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms were evaluated in 1,051 Korean male subjects. We found that 53.8% of the individuals had the GSTM1 null genotype and 54.3% had the GSTT 1 null genotype. The genotypic distribution of GSTP1 was Ile105/Ile105 in 68.4%, Ile105/Val105 in 29.1% and Val105/Va105 in 2.5%. The most frequently observed combination of GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 genotypes was Null type/Ile105/Ile105/Null type, while the combination of Non-null type/Val105/Val105/Non-Null type was not observed. We found that the genotype distributions of three GST isoenzymes in the Koreans are similar to those reported in Asians and previously reported Koreans. We believe our results, which are represented by a large population, are reliable estimates of the frequencies of the polymorphic GST alleles in the Koreans and will help future researches on GST polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Gebhardt GS, Peters WHM, Hillermann R, Odendaal HJ, Carelse-Tofa K, Raijmakers MTM, Steegers EAP. Maternal and fetal single nucleotide polymorphisms in the epoxide hydrolase and gluthatione S-transferase P1 genes are not associated with pre-eclampsia in the Coloured population of the Western Cape, South Africa. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2005; 24:866-72. [PMID: 16147638 DOI: 10.1080/01443610400018841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. A defect in certain enzymes responsible for detoxification may cause prolonged exposure to reactive by-products and contribute to maternal endothelial as well as placental damage. Two polymorphisms affecting the function of the biotransformation enzymes epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase P1 were shown previously to be associated with pre-eclampsia in a Dutch population. The aim of this study was to determine if these two polymorphisms (maternal or fetal) contribute to pre-eclampsia in an anthropologically distinct population (the Western Cape region of South Africa) with a high incidence of the disease. Genomic DNA of mother - infant pairs with severe pre-eclampsia (n = 144), a population control group (n = 156) and control mother - infant pairs with uncomplicated pregnancy outcome (n = 45) were analysed for the EPHX and GSTP1 polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction enzyme digestion. Each polymorphism had a similar distribution in case and control subjects (mother and infant). The Val105/Val105 genotype of GSTP1 occurred at a higher frequency than reported for other populations. Neither maternal nor fetal EPHX Tyr113His and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms appear to contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia in the Coloured population of the Western Cape region of South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Gebhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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25
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Park JY, Chen L, Elahi A, Lazarus P, Tockman MS. Genetic analysis of microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene and its association with lung cancer risk. Eur J Cancer Prev 2005; 14:223-30. [PMID: 15901990 PMCID: PMC3715303 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200506000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The human microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EH) gene contains polymorphic alleles, which may be linked to increased risk for tobacco-related lung cancer. The purpose of this study is to screen new polymorphisms and determine whether these polymorphisms can be used to predict individual susceptibility to lung cancer. The polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis was used to screen for polymorphisms in the coding region of the EH gene. Eleven polymorphisms, including previously reported polymorphisms, were identified and the prevalence of these variants was assessed in at least 50 healthy Caucasians and African-Americans. Among the 11 polymorphisms, the prevalence of the amino acid-changing EH polymorphisms in codons 43, 113 and 139 was examined in 182 Caucasian incident cases with primary lung cancer, as well as in 365 frequency-matched controls to examine the role of EH polymorphisms in lung cancer risk. A significant increase in lung cancer risk was observed for predicted high EH activity genotypes (odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-4.3) as compared with low EH activity genotypes. This association was more pronounced among patients with lung adenocarcinoma (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.7-13.1). These results suggest that the EH polymorphism plays an important role in lung cancer risk and is linked to tobacco smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, 12902 Magnolia Drive, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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He JQ, Connett JE, Anthonisen NR, Paré PD, Sandford AJ. Glutathione S-transferase variants and their interaction with smoking on lung function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170:388-94. [PMID: 15184197 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200312-1763oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms in 1,098 whites with the lowest (n = 544, FEV(1) % predicted mean +/- SEM = 62.6 +/- 0.1) and the highest (n = 554, FEV(1) % predicted mean +/- SEM = 91.8 +/- 0.1) lung function at the beginning of the Lung Health Study. Homozygosity for GSTP1 105Val was significantly more frequent in the low- than in the high-function group (13.2 vs. 9.3%) (odds ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-2.61, p = 0.016), after adjustment for confounding variables. Subjects with 105Val homozygotes had higher rates of lung function decline in the high-function group (p = 0.017). The frequencies of GSTM1, GSTT1 null genotypes were similar between the high- and low-function groups, but subjects with the GSTT1 null genotype had a faster decline of lung function in the low-function group (p = 0.032). In addition, there was a significant interaction of GSTT1 genotype and pack-years on lung function. When comparing individuals with GSTT1 null genotype with wild type, the adjusted odds ratio was 3.49 (95% CI, 1.48-8.39, p = 0.005) in mild smokers (< or = 25 pack years). We conclude that GST genotypes are risk factors for rapid decline or low lung function in smokers with mild to moderate airflow obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qing He
- The James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
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