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Kura B, Pavelkova P, Kalocayova B, Pobijakova M, Slezak J. MicroRNAs as Regulators of Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7097-7113. [PMID: 39057064 PMCID: PMC11276491 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) represent small RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. They are implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular processes ranging from cellular homeostasis to stress responses. Unintended irradiation of the cells and tissues, e.g., during medical uses, induces various pathological conditions, including oxidative stress. miRNAs may regulate the expression of transcription factors (e.g., nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor suppressor protein p53) and other redox-sensitive genes (e.g., mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), sirtuins (SIRTs)), which trigger and modulate cellular redox signaling. During irradiation, miRNAs mainly act with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to regulate the cell fate. Depending on the pathway involved and the extent of oxidative stress, this may lead to cell survival or cell death. In the context of radiation-induced oxidative stress, miRNA-21 and miRNA-34a are among the best-studied miRNAs. miRNA-21 has been shown to directly target superoxide dismutase (SOD), or NF-κB, whereas miRNA-34a is a direct regulator of NADPH oxidase (NOX), SIRT1, or p53. Understanding the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced injury including the involvement of redox-responsive miRNAs may help to develop novel approaches for modulating the cellular response to radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Kura
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.P.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Patricia Pavelkova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.P.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.P.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Margita Pobijakova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bory Hospital–Penta Hospitals, 841 03 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Radiological Science, Faculty of Nursing and Medical Professional Studies, Slovak Medical University, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.P.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
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Xuan D, Du C, Zhao W, Zhou J, Dai S, Zhang T, Wu M, Tian J. Downregulation of β-Catenin Contributes to type II Alveolar Epithelial Stem Cell Resistance to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Lowing Lin28/let-7 Ratios in Fibrosis-Resistant Mice after Thoracic Irradiation. Radiat Res 2023; 200:32-47. [PMID: 37141224 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00165.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of type II alveolar cells (AECII) is a major cause for radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF). Cell differentiation phenotype is determined by Lin28 (undifferentiated marker) and let-7 (differentiated marker) in a see-saw-pattern. Therefore, differentiation phenotype can be extrapolated based on Lin28/let-7 ratio. Lin28 is activated by β-catenin. To the best of our knowledge this study was the first to use the single primary AECII freshly isolated from irradiated lungs of fibrosis-resistant C3H/HeNHsd strain to further confirm RILF mechanism by comparing its differences in AECII phenotype status/state and cell differentiation regulators to fibrosis-prone C57BL/6j mice. Results showed that radiation pneumonitis and fibrotic lesions were seen in C3H/HeNHsd and C57BL/6j mouse strains, respectively. mRNAs of E-cadherin, EpCAM, HOPX and proSP-C (epithelial phenotype biomarkers) were significantly downregulated in single primary AECII isolated from irradiated lungs of both strains. Unlike C57BL/6j, α-SMA and Vimentin (mesenchymal phenotype biomarkers) were not upregulated in single AECII from irradiated C3H/HeNHsd. Profibrotic molecules, TGF-β1 mRNA was upregulated and β-catenin was significantly downregulated in AECII after irradiation (both P < 0.01). In contrast, transcriptions for GSK-3β, TGF-β1 and β-catenin were enhanced in isolated single AECII from irradiated C57BL/6j (P < 0.01-P < 0.001). The Lin28/let-7 ratios were much lower in single primary AECII from C3H/HeNHsd after irradiation vs. C57BL/6j. In conclusion, AECII from irradiated C3H/HeNHsd did not undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lower ratios of Lin28/let-7 contributed to AECII relatively higher differentiated status, leading to increased susceptibility to radiation stress and a failure in transdifferentiation in the absence of β-catenin. Reducing β-catenin expression and the ratios of Lin28/let-7 may be a promising strategy to prevent radiation fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xuan
- Experimental Animal Platform, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunyan Du
- Experimental Animal Platform, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wendi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shan Dai
- Experimental Animal Platform, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengge Wu
- Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Animal experimental center of Central China Subcenter of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian Tian
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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3
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Modeling of the Senescence-Associated Phenotype in Human Skin Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137124. [PMID: 35806127 PMCID: PMC9266450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern understanding of aging is based on the accumulation of cellular damage during one’s life span due to the gradual deterioration of regenerative mechanisms in response to the continuous effect of stress, lifestyle, and environmental factors, followed by increased morbidity and mortality. Simultaneously, the number of senescent cells accumulate exponentially as organisms age. Cell culture models are valuable tools to investigate the mechanisms of aging by inducing cellular senescence in stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) models. Here, we explain the three-step and one-step H2O2-induced senescence models of SIPS designed and reproduced on different human dermal fibroblast cell lines (CCD-1064Sk, CCD-1135Sk, and BJ-5ta). In both SIPS models, it was evident that the fibroblasts developed similar aging characteristics as cells with replicative senescence. Among the most noticeable senescent biomarkers were increased β-Gal expression, high levels of the p21 protein, altered levels of cell-cycle regulators (i.e., CDK2 and c-Jun), compromised extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, reduced cellular viability, and delayed wound healing properties. Based on the significant increase in senescence biomarkers in fibroblast cultures, reduced functional activity, and metabolic dysfunction, the one-step senescence model was chosen as a feasible and reliable method for future testing of anti-aging compounds.
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Jokar S, Marques IA, Khazaei S, Martins-Marques T, Girao H, Laranjo M, Botelho MF. The Footprint of Exosomes in the Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060243. [PMID: 35735486 PMCID: PMC9220715 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is widely used as the primary treatment option for several cancer types. However, radiation therapy is a nonspecific method and associated with significant challenges such as radioresistance and non-targeted effects. The radiation-induced non-targeted effects on nonirradiated cells nearby are known as bystander effects, while effects far from the ionising radiation-exposed cells are known as abscopal effects. These effects are presented as a consequence of intercellular communications. Therefore, a better understanding of the involved intercellular signals may bring promising new strategies for radiation risk assessment and potential targets for developing novel radiotherapy strategies. Recent studies indicate that radiation-derived extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, play a vital role in intercellular communications and may result in radioresistance and non-targeted effects. This review describes exosome biology, intercellular interactions, and response to different environmental stressors and diseases, and focuses on their role as functional mediators in inducing radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Safura Jokar
- Department of Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P94V+927, Iran;
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.M.); (M.L.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês A. Marques
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.M.); (M.L.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Saeedeh Khazaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P94V+927, Iran;
| | - Tania Martins-Marques
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girao
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.M.); (M.L.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.M.); (M.L.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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AL-Abedi R, Tuncay Cagatay S, Mayah A, Brooks SA, Kadhim M. Ionising Radiation Promotes Invasive Potential of Breast Cancer Cells: The Role of Exosomes in the Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111570. [PMID: 34769002 PMCID: PMC8583851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with the cells that are exposed to radiation, non-irradiated cells can unveil radiation effects as a result of intercellular communication, which are collectively defined as radiation induced bystander effects (RIBE). Exosome-mediated signalling is one of the core mechanisms responsible for multidirectional communication of tumor cells and their associated microenvironment, which may result in enhancement of malignant tumor phenotypes. Recent studies show that exosomes and exosome-mediated signalling also play a dynamic role in RIBE in cancer cell lines, many of which focused on altered exosome cargo or their effects on DNA damage. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding how these changes in exosome cargo are reflected in other functional characteristics of cancer cells from the aspects of invasiveness and metastasis. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to investigate exosome-mediated bystander effects of 2 Gy X-ray therapeutic dose of ionizing radiation on the invasive potential of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro via assessing Matrigel invasion potential, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics and the extent of glycosylation, as well as underlying plausible molecular mechanisms. The findings show that exosomes derived from irradiated MCF-7 cells enhance invasiveness of bystander MCF-7 cells, possibly through altered miRNA and protein content carried in exosomes.
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Mou L, Wang L, Zhang S, Wang Q. Long Noncoding RNA LINC01410 Suppresses Tumorigenesis and Enhances Radiosensitivity in Neuroblastoma Cells Through Regulating miR-545-3p/HK2 Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3225-3238. [PMID: 34040388 PMCID: PMC8140916 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s297969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) was often involved in tumorigenesis and radiosensitivity of various cancers. The aim of this study was to explore the biological function and regulatory mechanism of lncRNA long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1410 (LINC01410) in tumorigenesis and radiosensitivity of neuroblastoma (NB). Methods The expression of LINC01410, microRNA-329-3p (miR-545-3p) and hexokinase 2 (HK2) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Methylthiazolyldiphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, colony formation assay and transwell assay were utilized to detect cell viability, colony formation and cell invasion abilities. Glucose consumption or lactate production was measured by glucose assay kit or lactate assay kit, respectively. The interaction between miR-545-3p and LINC01410 or HK2 was predicted by starBase v2.0 and verified by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of HK2. The mice xenograft model was established to investigate the role of LINC01410 in vivo. Results LINC01410 and HK2 were highly expressed while miR-545-3p was lowly expressed in NB tissues and cells. LINC01410 knockdown inhibited tumorigenesis by repressing cell proliferation and invasion, and increased the radiosensitivity via inhibiting colony formation rates and glycolysis. LINC01410 knockdown also suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, miR-545-3p could bind to LINC01410 and its downregulation reversed the effects of LINC01410 knockdown on tumorigenesis and radiosensitivity. Additionally, HK2 was a direct target of miR-545-3p and its overexpression attenuated the effects of miR-545-3p restoration on suppression of tumorigenesis and promotion of radiosensitivity. Besides, LINC01410 functioned as a molecular sponge of miR-545-3p to regulate HK2 expression. Conclusion LINC01410 interference inhibited tumorigenesis and increased radiosensitivity via regulating miR-545-3p/HK2 axis, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Mou
- Department of Child Healthcare, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, 276800, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, 276800, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoming Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, 276800, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Laboratory, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, 276800, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Oxidative Stress and Gene Expression Modifications Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles: An In Vivo Study of the Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020156. [PMID: 33494540 PMCID: PMC7911176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effect is a biological response in nonirradiated cells receiving signals from cells exposed to ionising radiation. The aim of this in vivo study was to analyse whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from irradiated mice could induce modifications in the redox status and expression of radiation-response genes in bystander mice. C57BL/6 mice were whole-body irradiated with 0.1-Gy and 2-Gy X-rays, and EVs originating from mice irradiated with the same doses were injected into naïve, bystander mice. Lipid peroxidation in the spleen and plasma reactive oxygen metabolite (ROM) levels increased 24 h after irradiation with 2 Gy. The expression of antioxidant enzyme genes and inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (iNOS2) decreased, while cell cycle arrest-, senescence- and apoptosis-related genes were upregulated after irradiation with 2 Gy. In bystander mice, no significant alterations were observed in lipid peroxidation or in the expression of genes connected to cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis. However, there was a systemic increase in the circulating ROM level after an intravenous EV injection, and EVs originating from 2-Gy-irradiated mice caused a reduced expression of antioxidant enzyme genes and iNOS2 in bystander mice. In conclusion, we showed that ionising radiation-induced alterations in the cellular antioxidant system can be transmitted in vivo in a bystander manner through EVs originating from directly irradiated animals.
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Liu X, Zhang T, Zhou J, Xiao Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yue H, Li Z, Tian J. β-Catenin/Lin28/let-7 regulatory network determines type II alveolar epithelial stem cell differentiation phenotypes following thoracic irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:119-132. [PMID: 33302295 PMCID: PMC7779353 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of type II alveolar epithelial stem cells (AEC II) to radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) is largely unknown. Cell differentiation phenotypes are determined by the balance between Lin28 and lethal-7 microRNA (let-7 miRNA). Lin28 is activated by β-catenin. The aim of this study was to track AEC II phenotypes at different phases of injury following thoracic irradiation and examine the expression of β-catenin, Lin28 and let-7 to identify their role in AEC II differentiation. Results showed that coexpression of prosurfactant protein C (proSP-C, an AEC II biomarker) and HOPX (homeobox only protein X, an AEC I biomarker) or vimentin (a differentiation marker) was detected in AEC II post-irradiation. The protein expression levels of HOPX and proSP-C were significantly downregulated, but vimentin was significantly upregulated following irradiation. The expression of E-cadherin, which prevents β-catenin from translocating to the nucleus, was downregulated, and the expression of β-catenin and Lin28 was upregulated after irradiation (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). Four let-7 miRNA members (a, b, c and d) were upregulated in irradiated lungs (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001), but let-7d was significantly downregulated at 5 and 6 months (P < 0.001). The ratios of Lin28 to four let-7 members were low during the early phase of injury and were slightly higher after 2 months. Intriguingly, the Lin28/let-7d ratio was strikingly increased after 4 months. We concluded that β-catenin contributed to RILF by promoting Lin28 expression, which increased the number of AEC II and the transcription of profibrotic molecules. In this study, the downregulation of let-7d miRNA by Lin28 resulted in the inability of AEC II to differentiate into type I alveolar epithelial cells (AEC I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuan Liu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Ziting Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Science Research and Discipline Construction, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Haodi Yue
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China, 471023
| | - Jian Tian
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
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Du Y, Du S, Liu L, Gan F, Jiang X, Wangrao K, Lyu P, Gong P, Yao Y. Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect can be Transmitted Through Exosomes Using miRNAs as Effector Molecules. Radiat Res 2020; 194:89-100. [PMID: 32343639 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00019.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) is a destructive reaction in nonirradiated cells and is one primary factor in determining the efficacy and success of radiation therapy in the field of cancer treatment. Previously reported studies have shown that the RIBE can be mediated by exosomes that carry miRNA components within. Exosomes, which are one type of cell-derived vesicle, exist in different biological conditions and serve as an important additional pathway for signal exchange between cells. In addition, exosome-derived miRNAs are confirmed to play an important role in RIBE, activating the bystander effect and genomic instability after radiotherapy. After investigating the field of RIBE, it is important to understand the mechanisms and consequences of biological effects as well as the role of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs therein, from different sources and under different circumstances, respectively. More discoveries could help to establish early interventions against RIBE while improving the efficacy of radiotherapy. Meanwhile, measures that would alleviate or even inhibit RIBE to some extent may exist in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shufang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feihong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoge Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaijuan Wangrao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ge C, Su F, Fu H, Wang Y, Tian B, Liu B, Zhu J, Ding Y, Zheng X. RNA Profiling Reveals a Common Mechanism of Histone Gene Downregulation and Complementary Effects for Radioprotectants in Response to Ionizing Radiation. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820968433. [PMID: 33117095 PMCID: PMC7573744 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820968433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose ionizing radiation (IR) alters the expression levels of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). However, the roles of ncRNAs and mRNAs in mediating radiation protection by radioprotectants remain unknown. Microarrays were used to determine microRNA (miRNA), long ncRNA (lncRNA), and mRNA expression profiles in the bone marrow of irradiated mice pretreated with amifostine, CBLB502, and nilestriol. Differentially expressed mRNAs were functionally annotated by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Some histone cluster genes were validated by real-time PCR, and the effects of radioprotectant combinations were monitored by survival analysis. We found that these radioprotectants increased the induction of lncRNAs and mRNAs. miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA expression patterns were similar with amifostine and CBLB502, but not nilestriol. The radioprotectants exhibited mostly opposite effects against IR-induced miRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs while inducing a common histone gene downregulation following IR, mainly via nucleosome assembly and related signaling pathways. Notably, the effects of nilestriol significantly complemented those of amisfostine or CBLB502; low-dose drug combinations resulted in better radioprotective effects in pretreated mice. Thus, we present histone gene downregulation by radioprotectants, together with the biological functions of miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA, to explain the mechanism underlying radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Ge
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Su
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hanjiang Fu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baolei Tian
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Ding
- 5th Medical Center, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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11
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Medley JC, Panzade G, Zinovyeva AY. microRNA strand selection: Unwinding the rules. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 12:e1627. [PMID: 32954644 PMCID: PMC8047885 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) play a central role in the regulation of gene expression by targeting specific mRNAs for degradation or translational repression. Each miRNA is post‐transcriptionally processed into a duplex comprising two strands. One of the two miRNA strands is selectively loaded into an Argonaute protein to form the miRNA‐Induced Silencing Complex (miRISC) in a process referred to as miRNA strand selection. The other strand is ejected from the complex and is subject to degradation. The target gene specificity of miRISC is determined by sequence complementarity between the Argonaute‐loaded miRNA strand and target mRNA. Each strand of the miRNA duplex has the capacity to be loaded into miRISC and possesses a unique seed sequence. Therefore, miRNA strand selection plays a defining role in dictating the specificity of miRISC toward its targets and provides a mechanism to alter gene expression in a switch‐like fashion. Aberrant strand selection can lead to altered gene regulation by miRISC and is observed in several human diseases including cancer. Previous and emerging data shape the rules governing miRNA strand selection and shed light on how these rules can be circumvented in various physiological and pathological contexts. This article is categorized under:RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Medley
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Ganesh Panzade
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Anna Y Zinovyeva
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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12
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Zhang T, Zhou J, Yue H, Du C, Xiao Z, Zhao W, Li N, Wang X, Liu X, Li Y, Geng X, Zhang Y, Li L, Tian J. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β promotes radiation-induced lung fibrosis by regulating β-catenin/lin28 signaling network to determine type II alveolar stem cell transdifferentiation state. FASEB J 2020; 34:12466-12480. [PMID: 32706136 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The role of type II alveolar epithelial stem cells (AEC II) for alveolar repair in radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) remains largely unknown, mainly because of AEC II phenotype's spontaneous change in vitro. Cell differentiation status is determined by Lin28 and let-7 miRNAs in see-saw-pattern. Lin28, a repressor of let-7 and a stem cell marker, is activated by β-catenin. The expression of β-catenin is regulated by GSK-3β/TGF-β1 signaling. To understand the true role of AEC II in RILF, we freshly isolated primary AEC II directly from thoracically irradiated lungs. We then explored the expressions of cell phenotype markers and differentiation regulators in these isolated AEC II to analyze the correlation between GSK-3β/TGF-β1/β-catenin signaling pathway, lin28/let-7 balance, and AEC II phenotypes at different injury phases following irradiation. Results showed that isolated single primary cells displayed AEC II ultrastructural features and proSP-C positive. The gene expressions of prosp-c (an AEC II biomarker) and hopx (an AEC I marker) significantly increased in isolated AEC II during injury repair phase (P < .001 and P < .05) but decreased at end-stage of injury, while mesenchymal markers increased in both isolated AEC II and irradiated lungs. mRNA levels of gsk-3β, tgf-β1, and β-catenin increased in all irradiated AEC II, but more pronounced in the second half of injury phase (P < .05-P < .001). Similarly, the expression of lin28 was also significantly elevated in isolated AEC II at the late phase (P < .05-P < .001). Four let-7 miRNAs were significantly upregulated in all irradiated AEC II groups (P < .05-P < .001). The time-dependent and highly consistent uptrends for four lin28/let-7 ratios in sorted AEC II contrasted to downtrends in irradiated lungs. In conclusion, RILF occurred when GSK-3β/TGF-β1 signaling increased β-catenin levels, which led to the augmentation of AEC II population by elevated lin28/let-7 ratio and the transcription of profibrotic cytokines and factors, thereby inducing AEC II to undergo transdifferentiation into mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haodi Yue
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Du
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziting Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wendi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhuan Liu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Geng
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Scientific Research and Discipline Construction, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Tian
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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Fu H, Su F, Zhu J, Zheng X, Ge C. Effect of simulated microgravity and ionizing radiation on expression profiles of miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA in human lymphoblastoid cells. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2020; 24:1-8. [PMID: 31987473 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In space, multiple unique environmental factors, particularly microgravity and space radiation, pose a constant threat to astronaut health. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are functional RNAs that play critical roles in regulating multiple cellular processes. To gain insight into the role of non-coding RNAs in response to radiation and microgravity, we analyzed RNA expression profiles in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells incubated for 24 h under static or rotating conditions to stimulate microgravity in space, after 2-Gy γ-ray irradiation. The expression of 14 lncRNAs and 17 mRNAs (differentially-expressed genes, DEGs) was found to be significantly downregulated under simulated microgravity conditions. In contrast, irradiation upregulated 55 lncRNAs and 56 DEGs, whereas only one lncRNA, but no DEGs, was downregulated. Furthermore, two miRNAs, 70 lncRNAs, and 87 DEGs showed significantly altered expression in response to simulated microgravity after irradiation, and these changes were independently induced by irradiation and simulated microgravity. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that the associated target genes showed similar patterns to the noncoding RNAs and were suggested to be involved in the immune/inflammatory response including LPS/TLR, TNF, and NF-κB signaling pathways. However, synergistic effects on RNA expression and cellular responses were also observed with a combination of simulated microgravity and irradiation based on microarray and RT-PCR analysis. Together, our results indicate that simulated microgravity and irradiation additively alter expression patterns but synergistically modulate the expression levels of RNAs and their target genes in human lymphoblastoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjiang Fu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, #27 Taiping Rd. Haidian Dist., Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fei Su
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, #27 Taiping Rd. Haidian Dist., Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, #27 Taiping Rd. Haidian Dist., Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, #27 Taiping Rd. Haidian Dist., Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Changhui Ge
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, #27 Taiping Rd. Haidian Dist., Beijing 100850, China.
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14
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Extracellular Vesicles in Modifying the Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225527. [PMID: 31698689 PMCID: PMC6888126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-coated nanovesicles actively secreted by almost all cell types. EVs can travel long distances within the body, being finally taken up by the target cells, transferring information from one cell to another, thus influencing their behavior. The cargo of EVs comprises of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins derived from the cell of origin, thereby it is cell-type specific; moreover, it differs between diseased and normal cells. Several studies have shown that EVs have a role in tumor formation and prognosis. It was also demonstrated that ionizing radiation can alter the cargo of EVs. EVs, in turn can modulate radiation responses and they play a role in radiation-induced bystander effects. Due to their biocompatibility and selective targeting, EVs are suitable nanocarrier candidates of drugs in various diseases, including cancer. Furthermore, the cargo of EVs can be engineered, and in this way they can be designed to carry certain genes or even drugs, similar to synthetic nanoparticles. In this review, we describe the biological characteristics of EVs, focusing on the recent efforts to use EVs as nanocarriers in oncology, the effects of EVs in radiation therapy, highlighting the possibilities to use EVs as nanocarriers to modulate radiation effects in clinical applications.
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15
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Guéguen Y, Bontemps A, Ebrahimian TG. Adaptive responses to low doses of radiation or chemicals: their cellular and molecular mechanisms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1255-1273. [PMID: 30535789 PMCID: PMC11105647 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the current knowledge on the mechanisms of adaptive response to low doses of ionizing radiation or chemical exposure. A better knowledge of these mechanisms is needed to improve our understanding of health risks at low levels of environmental or occupational exposure and their involvement in cancer or non-cancer diseases. This response is orchestrated through a multifaceted cellular program involving the concerted action of diverse stress response pathways. These evolutionary highly conserved defense mechanisms determine the cellular response to chemical and physical aggression. They include DNA damage repair (p53, ATM, PARP pathways), antioxidant response (Nrf2 pathway), immune/inflammatory response (NF-κB pathway), cell survival/death pathway (apoptosis), endoplasmic response to stress (UPR response), and other cytoprotective processes including autophagy, cell cycle regulation, and the unfolded protein response. The coordinated action of these processes induced by low-dose radiation or chemicals produces biological effects that are currently estimated with the linear non-threshold model. These effects are controversial. They are difficult to detect because of their low magnitude, the scarcity of events in humans, and the difficulty of corroborating associations over the long term. Improving our understanding of these biological consequences should help humans and their environment by enabling better risk estimates, the revision of radiation protection standards, and possible therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Guéguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX, B.P. no 17, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRSI, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Alice Bontemps
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX, B.P. no 17, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Teni G Ebrahimian
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX, B.P. no 17, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
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16
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Kirolikar S, Prasannan P, Raghuram GV, Pancholi N, Saha T, Tidke P, Chaudhari P, Shaikh A, Rane B, Pandey R, Wani H, Khare NK, Siddiqui S, D'souza J, Prasad R, Shinde S, Parab S, Nair NK, Pal K, Mittra I. Prevention of radiation-induced bystander effects by agents that inactivate cell-free chromatin released from irradiated dying cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1142. [PMID: 30442925 PMCID: PMC6238009 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) is a poorly understood phenomenon wherein non-targeted cells exhibit effects of radiation. We have reported that cell-free chromatin (cfCh) particles that are released from dying cells can integrate into genomes of surrounding healthy cells to induce DNA damage and inflammation. This raised the possibility that RIBE might be induced by cfCh released from irradiated dying cells. When conditioned media from BrdU-labeled irradiated cells were passed through filters of pore size 0.22 µm and incubated with unexposed cells, BrdU-labeled cfCh particles could be seen to readily enter their nuclei to activate H2AX, active Caspase-3, NFκB, and IL-6. A direct relationship was observed with respect to activation of RIBE biomarkers and radiation dose in the range of 0.1-0 Gy. We confirmed by FISH and cytogenetic analysis that cfCh had stably integrated into chromosomes of bystander cells and had led to extensive chromosomal instability. The above RIBE effects could be abrogated when conditioned media were pre-treated with agents that inactivate cfCh, namely, anti-histone antibody complexed nanoparticles (CNPs), DNase I and a novel DNA degrading agent Resveratrol-copper (R-Cu). Lower hemi-body irradiation with γ-rays (0.1-50 Gy) led to activation of H2AX, active Caspase-3, NFκB, and IL-6 in brain cells in a dose-dependent manner. Activation of these RIBE biomarkers could be abrogated by concurrent treatment with CNPs, DNase I and R-Cu indicating that activation of RIBE was not due to radiation scatter to the brain. RIBE activation was seen even when mini-beam radiation was delivered to the umbilical region of mice wherein radiation scatter to brain was negligible and could be abrogated by cfCh inactivating agents. These results indicate that cfCh released from radiation-induced dying cells are activators of RIBE and that it can be prevented by treatment with appropriate cfCh inactivating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kirolikar
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Preeti Prasannan
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Gorantla V Raghuram
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Namrata Pancholi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Tannishtha Saha
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Pritishkumar Tidke
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Comparative Oncology Program and Small Animal Imaging Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Alfina Shaikh
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Bhagyeshri Rane
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Richa Pandey
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Harshada Wani
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Naveen K Khare
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Sophiya Siddiqui
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Jenevieve D'souza
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Ratnam Prasad
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Sushma Shinde
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Sailee Parab
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Naveen K Nair
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India.
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17
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Story MD, Durante M. Radiogenomics. Med Phys 2018; 45:e1111-e1122. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Story
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - Marco Durante
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics Applications National Institute for Nuclear Physics Trento Italy
- Department of Physics University of Trento Trento Italy
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18
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A review of radiation genomics: integrating patient radiation response with genomics for personalised and targeted radiation therapy. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396918000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundThe success of radiation therapy for cancer patients is dependent on the ability to deliver a total tumouricidal radiation dose capable of eradicating all cancer cells within the clinical target volume, however, the radiation dose tolerance of the surrounding healthy tissues becomes the main dose-limiting factor. The normal tissue adverse effects following radiotherapy are common and significantly impact the quality of life of patients. The likelihood of developing these adverse effects following radiotherapy cannot be predicted based only on the radiation treatment parameters. However, there is evidence to suggest that some common genetic variants are associated with radiotherapy response and the risk of developing adverse effects. Radiation genomics is a field that has evolved in recent years investigating the association between patient genomic data and the response to radiation therapy. This field aims to identify genetic markers that are linked to individual radiosensitivity with the potential to predict the risk of developing adverse effects due to radiotherapy using patient genomic information. It also aims to determine the relative radioresponse of patients using their genetic information for the potential prediction of patient radiation treatment response.Methods and materialsThis paper reports on a review of recent studies in the field of radiation genomics investigating the association between genomic data and patients response to radiation therapy, including the investigation of the role of genetic variants on an individual’s predisposition to enhanced radiotherapy radiosensitivity or radioresponse.ConclusionThe potential for early prediction of treatment response and patient outcome is critical in cancer patients to make decisions regarding continuation, escalation, discontinuation, and/or change in treatment options to maximise patient survival while minimising adverse effects and maintaining patients’ quality of life.
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Li H, Jin X, Chen B, Li P, Li Q. Autophagy-regulating microRNAs: potential targets for improving radiotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1623-1634. [PMID: 29971533 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most important therapeutic strategies against cancer. However, resistance of cancer cells to radiation remains a major challenge for RT. Thus, novel strategies to overcome cancer cell radioresistance are urgent. Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a biological process by which damaged cell components can be removed and accordingly represent a cytoprotective mechanism. Because radiation-induced autophagy is associated with either cell death or radioresistance of cancer cells, a deeper understanding of the autophagy mechanism triggered by radiation will expedite a development of strategies improving the efficacy of RT. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in many biological processes. Mounting evidence indicates that many miRNAs are involved in regulation of the autophagic process induced by radiation insult, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Therefore, a deep understanding of the mechanisms of miRNAs in regulating autophagy and radioresistance will provide a new perspective for RT against cancer. METHODS We summarized the recent pertinent literature from various electronic databases, including PubMed. We reviewed the radiation-induced autophagy response and its association of the role, function and regulation of miRNAs, and discussed the feasibility of targeting autophagy-related miRNAs to improve the efficacy of RT. CONCLUSION The beneficial or harmful effect of autophagy may depend on the types of cancer and stress. The cytoprotective role of autophagy plays a dominant role in cancer RT. For most tumor cells, reducing radiation-induced autophagy can improve the efficacy of RT. MiRNAs have been confirmed to take part in the autophagy regulatory network of cancer RT, the autophagy-regulating miRNAs therefore could be developed as potential targets for improving RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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20
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Meng C, Liu Y, Shen Y, Liu S, Wang Z, Ye Q, Liu H, Liu X, Jia L. MicroRNA-26b suppresses autophagy in breast cancer cells by targeting DRAM1 mRNA, and is downregulated by irradiation. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1435-1440. [PMID: 29399189 PMCID: PMC5774516 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small RNAs that do not code for proteins, but instead decrease the stability and suppress the translation of target mRNAs by binding with complementary sequences in their 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs). In the present study, it is reported that breast cancer tumor tissue, as well as irradiated MCF7 breast cancer cells, exhibit decreased levels of miR-26b expression compared with normal breast tissue and MCF7 cells without exposure to radiation. Additionally, a luciferase reporter assay was used to demonstrate that miR-26b directly targetsDNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1 (DRAM1). MCF7 cells that were transfected with an miR-26b mimicexhibited the downregulated expression of DRAM1 protein and a reduced level of irradiation-induced autophagy. Inhibiting miR-26b resulted in the upregulation of DRAM1 and increased levels of irradiation-induced autophagy in MCF7 cells. These results suggest that therapeutic strategies to target miR-26b may increase the efficacy of certain types of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuida Meng
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yannan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shuchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qingsheng Ye
- Medical Ultrasonic Engineering Department, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lili Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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21
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Li XH, Ha CT, Xiao M. MicroRNA-30 inhibits antiapoptotic factor Mcl-1 in mouse and human hematopoietic cells after radiation exposure. Apoptosis 2018; 21:708-20. [PMID: 27032651 PMCID: PMC4853469 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that microRNA-30 (miR-30) expression was initiated by radiation-induced proinflammatory factor IL-1β and NFkB activation in mouse and human hematopoietic cells. However, the downstream effectors of miR-30 and its specific role in radiation-induced cell death are not well understood. In the present study, we evaluated effects of radiation on miR-30 expression and activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway Bcl-2 family factors in in vivo mouse and in vitro human hematopoietic cells. CD2F1 mice and human CD34+ cells were exposed to different doses of gamma-radiation. In addition to survival studies, mouse blood, bone marrow (BM) and spleen cells and human CD34+ cells were collected at 4 h, and 1, 3 and 4 days after irradiation to determine apoptotic and stress response signals. Our results showed that mouse serum miR-30, DNA damage marker γ-H2AX in BM, and Bim, Bax and Bak expression, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 and -7 activation in BM and/or spleen cells were upregulated in a radiation dose-dependent manner. Antiapoptotic factor Mcl-1 was significantly downregulated, whereas Bcl-2 was less changed or unaltered in the irradiated mouse cells and human CD34+ cells. Furthermore, a putative miR-30 binding site was found in the 3′ UTR of Mcl-1 mRNA. miR-30 directly inhibits the expression of Mcl-1 through binding to its target sequence, which was demonstrated by a luciferase reporter assay, and the finding that Mcl-1 was uninhibited by irradiation in miR-30 knockdown CD34+ cells. Bcl-2 expression was not affected by miR-30. Our data suggest miR-30 plays a key role in radiation-induced apoptosis through directly targeting Mcl-1in hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hong Li
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cam T Ha
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mang Xiao
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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22
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Heider T, Mutschelknaus L, Radulović V, Winkler K, Kimmel J, Anastasov N, Atkinson MJ, Moertl S. Radiation induced transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the hsa-miR-23a ~ 27a ~ 24-2 cluster suppresses apoptosis by stabilizing XIAP. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:1127-1137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Cai S, Shi GS, Cheng HY, Zeng YN, Li G, Zhang M, Song M, Zhou PK, Tian Y, Cui FM, Chen Q. Exosomal miR-7 Mediates Bystander Autophagy in Lung after Focal Brain Irradiation in Mice. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1287-1296. [PMID: 29104495 PMCID: PMC5666527 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.18890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether exosomal microRNA-7 (miR-7) mediates lung bystander autophagy after focal brain irradiation in mice. After 10 Gy or sham irradiation of mice brains, lung tissues were extracted for the detection of autophagy markers by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), meanwhile the brains were dissociated, the neuron/astrocyte/microglia/oligodendrocyte were isolated, and the miR-7 expression in each population were detected, respectively. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was developed to identify whether Bcl-2 is a target gene of miR-7. After 10 Gy or sham irradiation of astrocytes, exosomes were extracted, stained with Dil (1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-Tetramethylindocarbocyanine Perchlorate), and added into non-irradiated astrocytes. Meanwhile, Dil-stained exosomes released from 10 Gy or sham irradiated astrocytes were injected into LC3B-GFP mice via the tail vein. Lung tissues were then extracted for western blotting and qRT-PCR. Irradiation of mouse brains increased the LC3B-II/I ratio, Beclin-1 and miR-7 levels, while decreased the Bcl-2 level in non-irradiated lung tissue. Interestingly, brain irradiation remarkably increased the miR-7 expression in astrocyte and oligodendrocyte. MiR-7 significantly inhibited the luciferase activity of the wild-type Bcl-2-3′-untranslated regions (UTR) reporter vector, but not that of the Bcl-2-3′-UTR mutant vector, indicating that Bcl-2 is directly targeted by miR-7. In in vitro study, the addition of irradiated astrocyte-secreted exosomes increased the LC3B-II/I ratio, Beclin-1 and miR-7 levels, while decreased the Bcl-2 level in non-irradiated astrocytes. Further, the injection of irradiated astrocyte-secreted exosomes through the tail vein increased the lung LC3B-II/I ratio, Beclin-1 and miR-7 level, but decreased the Bcl-2 level in vivo. We concluded that exosomal miR-7 targets Bcl-2 to mediate distant bystander autophagy in the lungs after brain irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, P R China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, P R China
| | - Geng-Sheng Shi
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, P R China
| | - Hui-Ying Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, P R China.,Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P R China
| | - Ya-Nan Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, P R China.,Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P R China
| | - Gen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, P R China.,Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P R China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, P R China.,Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P R China
| | - Man Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, P R China.,Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P R China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, P R China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, P R China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, P R China
| | - Feng-Mei Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, P R China.,Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P R China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, P R China.,Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P R China
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24
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Tarasov VA, Makhotkin MA, Boyko NV, Shin EF, Tyutyakina MG, Chikunov IE, Naboka AV, Mashkarina AN, Kirpiy AA, Matishov DG. Importance of DNA methylation in the inheritance of radiation-induced aberrant expression of microRNA. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Szatmári T, Kis D, Bogdándi EN, Benedek A, Bright S, Bowler D, Persa E, Kis E, Balogh A, Naszályi LN, Kadhim M, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Extracellular Vesicles Mediate Radiation-Induced Systemic Bystander Signals in the Bone Marrow and Spleen. Front Immunol 2017; 8:347. [PMID: 28396668 PMCID: PMC5366932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effects refer to the induction of biological changes in cells not directly hit by radiation implying that the number of cells affected by radiation is larger than the actual number of irradiated cells. Recent in vitro studies suggest the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating radiation-induced bystander signals, but in vivo investigations are still lacking. Here, we report an in vivo study investigating the role of EVs in mediating radiation effects. C57BL/6 mice were total-body irradiated with X-rays (0.1, 0.25, 2 Gy), and 24 h later, EVs were isolated from the bone marrow (BM) and were intravenously injected into unirradiated (so-called bystander) animals. EV-induced systemic effects were compared to radiation effects in the directly irradiated animals. Similar to direct radiation, EVs from irradiated mice induced complex DNA damage in EV-recipient animals, manifested in an increased level of chromosomal aberrations and the activation of the DNA damage response. However, while DNA damage after direct irradiation increased with the dose, EV-induced effects peaked at lower doses. A significantly reduced hematopoietic stem cell pool in the BM as well as CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte pool in the spleen was detected in mice injected with EVs isolated from animals irradiated with 2 Gy. These EV-induced alterations were comparable to changes present in the directly irradiated mice. The pool of TLR4-expressing dendritic cells was different in the directly irradiated mice, where it increased after 2 Gy and in the EV-recipient animals, where it strongly decreased in a dose-independent manner. A panel of eight differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNA) was identified in the EVs originating from both low- and high-dose-irradiated mice, with a predicted involvement in pathways related to DNA damage repair, hematopoietic, and immune system regulation, suggesting a direct involvement of these pathways in mediating radiation-induced systemic effects. In conclusion, we proved the role of EVs in transmitting certain radiation effects, identified miRNAs carried by EVs potentially responsible for these effects, and showed that the pattern of changes was often different in the directly irradiated and EV-recipient bystander mice, suggesting different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Dávid Kis
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Enikő Noémi Bogdándi
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Anett Benedek
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Scott Bright
- Genomic Instability Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Deborah Bowler
- Genomic Instability Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Eszter Persa
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Enikő Kis
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Lívia N Naszályi
- Research Group for Molecular Biophysics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Munira Kadhim
- Genomic Instability Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
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26
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Jelonek K, Widlak P, Pietrowska M. The Influence of Ionizing Radiation on Exosome Composition, Secretion and Intercellular Communication. Protein Pept Lett 2017; 23:656-63. [PMID: 27117741 PMCID: PMC5029112 DOI: 10.2174/0929866523666160427105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A large variety of vesicles is actively secreted into the extracellular space by most type of cells. The smallest nanoparticles (30-120 nm), called exosomes, are known to transport their cargo (nucleic acids, proteins and lipids) between diverse locations in the body. Specific content of exosomes and their influence on recipient cells depends primarily on the type of the secretory (donor) cell, yet several studies highlight the importance of environmental stress on which the donor cells are exposed. Ionizing radiation, which induces damage to DNA and other structures of a target cell, is one of well-recognized stress conditions influencing behavior of affected cells. A few recent studies have evidenced radiation-induced changes in composition of exosomes released from irradiated cells and their involvement in radiation-related communication between cells. Inducible pathways of exosome secretion activated in irradiated cells are regulated by TSAP6 protein (the transmembrane protein tumor suppressor-activated pathway 6), which is transcriptionally regulated by p53, hence cellular status of this major DNA damage response factor affects composition and secretion rate of exosomes released from target cells. Moreover, exosomes released from irradiated cells have been shown to mediate the radiation-induced bystander effect. Understanding radiation-related mechanisms involved in exosome formation and “makeup” of their cargo would shed light on the role of exosomes in systemic response of cells, tissues and organisms to ionizing radiation which may open new perspectives in translational medicine and anticancer-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Pietrowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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27
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Menon N, Rogers CJ, Lukaszewicz AI, Axtelle J, Yadav M, Song F, Chakravarti A, Jacob NK. Detection of Acute Radiation Sickness: A Feasibility Study in Non-Human Primates Circulating miRNAs for Triage in Radiological Events. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167333. [PMID: 27907140 PMCID: PMC5132176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of biomarkers capable of estimating absorbed dose is critical for effective triage of affected individuals after radiological events. Levels of cell-free circulating miRNAs in plasma were compared for dose-response analysis in non-human primates (NHP) exposed to lethal (6.5 Gy) and sub-lethal (1 and 3 Gy) doses over a 7 day period. The doses and test time points were selected to mimic triage needs in the event of a mass casualty radiological event. Changes in miRNA abundance in irradiated animals were compared to a non-irradiated cohort and a cohort experiencing acute inflammation response from exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). An amplification-free, hybridization-based direct digital counting method was used for evaluation of changes in microRNAs in plasma from all animals. Consistent with previous murine studies, circulating levels of miR-150-5p exhibited a dose- and time-dependent decrease in plasma. Furthermore, plasma miR-150-5p levels were found to correlate well with lymphocyte and neutrophil depletion kinetics. Additionally, plasma levels of several other evolutionarily and functionally conserved miRNAs were found altered as a function of dose and time. Interestingly, miR-574-5p exhibited a distinct, dose-dependent increase 24 h post irradiation in NHPs with lethal versus sub-lethal exposure before returning to the baseline level by day 3. This particular miRNA response was not detected in previous murine studies but was observed in animals exposed to LPS, indicating distinct molecular and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, an increase in low-abundant miR-126, miR-144, and miR-21 as well as high-abundant miR-1-3p and miR-206 was observed in irradiated animals on day 3 and/or day 7. The data from this study could be used to develop a multi-marker panel with known tissue-specific origin that could be used for developing rapid assays for dose assessment and evaluation of radiation injury on multiple organs. Furthermore this approach may be utilized to screen for tissue toxicity in patients who receive myeloablative and therapeutic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Menon
- ChromoLogic LLC, Monrovia, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - James Axtelle
- ChromoLogic LLC, Monrovia, California, United States of America
| | - Marshleen Yadav
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Feifei Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Naduparambil K. Jacob
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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28
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Xu S, Wang J, Ding N, Hu W, Zhang X, Wang B, Hua J, Wei W, Zhu Q. Exosome-mediated microRNA transfer plays a role in radiation-induced bystander effect. RNA Biol 2016; 12:1355-63. [PMID: 26488306 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bystander effects can be induced through cellular communication between irradiated cells and non-irradiated cells. The signals that mediate this cellular communication, such as cytokines, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and even microRNAs, can be transferred between cells via gap junctions or extracellular medium. We have previously reported that miR-21, a well described DDR (DNA damage response) microRNA, is involved in radiation-induced bystander effects through a medium-mediated way. However, the mechanisms of the microRNA transfer have not been elucidated in details. In the present study, it was found that exosomes isolated from irradiated conditioned medium could induce bystander effects. Furthermore, we demonstrated plenty of evidences that miR-21, which is up-regulated as a result of mimic transfection or irradiation, can be transferred from donor or irradiated cells into extracellular medium and subsequently get access to the recipient or bystander cells through exosomes to induce bystander effects. Inhibiting the miR-21 expression in advance can offset the bystander effects to some extent. From all of these results, it can be concluded that the exosome-mediated microRNA transfer plays an important role in the radiation-induced bystander effects. These findings provide new insights into the functions of microRNAs and the cellular communication between the directly irradiated cells and the non-irradiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- a Gansu Key laboratory of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou P.R China.,b State Key laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences ; Lanzhou P.R China
| | - Jufang Wang
- a Gansu Key laboratory of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou P.R China
| | - Nan Ding
- a Gansu Key laboratory of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou P.R China
| | - Wentao Hu
- a Gansu Key laboratory of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou P.R China
| | - Xurui Zhang
- a Gansu Key laboratory of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou P.R China
| | - Bing Wang
- a Gansu Key laboratory of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou P.R China
| | - Junrui Hua
- a Gansu Key laboratory of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou P.R China
| | - Wenjun Wei
- a Gansu Key laboratory of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou P.R China
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- b State Key laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences ; Lanzhou P.R China
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29
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Sproull M, Camphausen K. State-of-the-Art Advances in Radiation Biodosimetry for Mass Casualty Events Involving Radiation Exposure. Radiat Res 2016; 186:423-435. [PMID: 27710702 DOI: 10.1667/rr14452.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
With the possibility of large-scale terrorist attacks around the world, the need for modeling and development of new medical countermeasures for potential future chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) has been well established. Project Bioshield, initiated in 2004, provided a framework to develop and expedite research in the field of CBRN exposures. To respond to large-scale population exposures from a nuclear event or radiation dispersal device (RDD), new methods for determining received dose using biological modeling became necessary. The field of biodosimetry has advanced significantly beyond this original initiative, with expansion into the fields of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and transcriptomics. Studies are ongoing to evaluate the use of lymphocyte kinetics for dose assessment, as well as the development of field-deployable EPR technology. In addition, expansion of traditional cytogenetic assessment methods through the use of automated platforms and the development of laboratory surge capacity networks have helped to advance our biodefense preparedness. In this review of the latest advances in the field of biodosimetry we evaluate our progress and identify areas that still need to be addressed to achieve true field-deployment readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sproull
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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30
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Jin YY, Chen QJ, Wei Y, Wang YL, Wang ZW, Xu K, He Y, Ma HB. Upregulation of microRNA-98 increases radiosensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:468-476. [PMID: 27422937 PMCID: PMC5045086 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although radiation resistance is a common challenge in the clinical treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), an effective treatment strategy has yet to be developed. Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is responsible for cancer sensitivity to radiation. In this study, we aimed to identify the miRNAs that are associated with radioresistance in ESCC. We used a miRNA microarray to perform a comparison of miRNA expression in both ESCC parental and acquired radioresistance cell lines. qRT-PCR was used to confirm the alterations. Cell radiosensitivity was determined with a survival fraction assay. Functional analyses of the identified miRNA in ESCC cells with regard to metastasis and apoptosis were performed by transwell assays and flow cytometry. The miRNA targets were identified with pathway analysis and confirmed with a luciferase assay. miR-98 was recognized as the most downregulated miRNA in established radioresistant cell line. AmiR-98 mimic enforced the expression of miRNA-98 and made ESCC cells sensitive to radiotherapy, while anti-miR-98 reversed this process. Optimal results were achieved by decreasing cellular proliferation, decreasing cell migration and inducing apoptosis. The luciferase target gene analysis results showed that the overexpression of miRNA-98 inhibited tumor growth and resistance tolerance by directly binding to the BCL-2 gene. Our study indicated that increasing miRNA-98 expression can be used as a potential radiosensitive therapeutic strategy for treating esophageal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Lu, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qing-Juan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xianyang Center Hospital, Xianyang City, 610041, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yang Wei
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Lu, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Lu, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Lu, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Lu, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Lu, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Bing Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Lu, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
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Song M, Wang Y, Shang ZF, Liu XD, Xie DF, Wang Q, Guan H, Zhou PK. Bystander autophagy mediated by radiation-induced exosomal miR-7-5p in non-targeted human bronchial epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30165. [PMID: 27417393 PMCID: PMC4945935 DOI: 10.1038/srep30165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) describes a set of biological effects in non-targeted cells that receive bystander signals from the irradiated cells. RIBE brings potential hazards to adjacent normal tissues in radiotherapy, and imparts a higher risk than previously thought. Excessive release of some substances from irradiated cells into extracellular microenvironment has a deleterious effect. For example, cytokines and reactive oxygen species have been confirmed to be involved in RIBE process via extracellular medium or gap junctions. However, RIBE-mediating signals and intercellular communication pathways are incompletely characterized. Here, we first identified a set of differentially expressed miRNAs in the exosomes collected from 2 Gy irradiated human bronchial epithelial BEP2D cells, from which miR-7-5p was found to induce autophagy in recipient cells. This exosome-mediated autophagy was significantly attenuated by miR-7-5p inhibitor. Moreover, our data demonstrated that autophagy induced by exosomal miR-7-5p was associated with EGFR/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Together, our results support the involvement of secretive exosomes in propagation of RIBE signals to bystander cells. The exosomes-containing miR-7-5p is a crucial mediator of bystander autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Song
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P R China.,Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P R China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P R China
| | - Zeng-Fu Shang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P R China
| | - Xiao-Dan Liu
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P R China
| | - Da-Fei Xie
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P R China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P R China
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P R China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P R China.,Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P R China
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Tarasov VA, Makhotkin MA, Shin EF, Boiko NV, Tyutyakina MG, Chikunov IE, Naboka AV, Mashkarina AN, Kirpii AA, Matishov DG. Change in the selection of microRNA strands during DNA damage induction. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2016; 467:99-101. [PMID: 27193708 DOI: 10.1134/s160767291602006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It was first shown that DNA damage induction in mitomycin C-treated HeLa cells leads to a change in the selection of 5p and 3p microRNA duplex strands in the formation of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC).
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Tarasov
- Institute of Arid Zones, Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Chekhova 41, Rostov-on-Don, 3444006, Russia
| | - M A Makhotkin
- Institute of Arid Zones, Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Chekhova 41, Rostov-on-Don, 3444006, Russia.
| | - E F Shin
- Institute of Arid Zones, Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Chekhova 41, Rostov-on-Don, 3444006, Russia
| | - N V Boiko
- Institute of Arid Zones, Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Chekhova 41, Rostov-on-Don, 3444006, Russia
| | - M G Tyutyakina
- Institute of Arid Zones, Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Chekhova 41, Rostov-on-Don, 3444006, Russia
| | - I E Chikunov
- Institute of Arid Zones, Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Chekhova 41, Rostov-on-Don, 3444006, Russia
| | - A V Naboka
- Institute of Arid Zones, Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Chekhova 41, Rostov-on-Don, 3444006, Russia
| | - A N Mashkarina
- Institute of Arid Zones, Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Chekhova 41, Rostov-on-Don, 3444006, Russia
| | | | - D G Matishov
- Institute of Arid Zones, Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Chekhova 41, Rostov-on-Don, 3444006, Russia
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Zakhvataev VE. Possible scenarios of the influence of low-dose ionizing radiation on neural functioning. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:723-35. [PMID: 26526727 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Possible scenarios of the influence of ionizing radiation on neural functioning and the CNS are suggested. We argue that the radiation-induced bystander mechanisms associated with Ca(2+) flows, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, and cytokines might lead to modulation of certain neuronal signaling pathways. The considered scenarios of conjugation of the bystander signaling and the neuronal signaling might result in modulation of certain synaptic receptors, neurogenesis, neurotransmission, channel conductance, synaptic signaling, different forms of neural plasticity, memory formation and storage, and learning. On this basis, corresponding new possible strategies for treating neurodegenerative deceases and mental disorders are proposed. The mechanisms considered might also be associated with neuronal survival and relevant to the treatment for brain injuries. At the same time, these mechanisms might be associated with detrimental effects and might facilitate the development of some neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir E Zakhvataev
- Neuroinformatics Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Biological Action of Low-Intensity Factors, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
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Xu S, Ding N, Pei H, Hu W, Wei W, Zhang X, Zhou G, Wang J. MiR-21 is involved in radiation-induced bystander effects. RNA Biol 2015; 11:1161-70. [PMID: 25483031 DOI: 10.4161/rna.34380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effects are well-established phenomena, in which DNA damage responses are induced not only in the directly irradiated cells but also in the non-irradiated bystander cells through intercellular signal transmission. Recent studies hint that bystander effects are possibly mediated via small non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs. Thus, more details about the roles of microRNA in bystander effects are urgently needed to be elucidated. Here we demonstrated that bystander effects were induced in human fetal lung MRC-5 fibroblasts through medium-mediated way by different types of radiation. We identified a set of differentially expressed microRNAs in the cell culture medium after irradiation, among which the up-regulation of miR-21 was further verified with qRT-PCR. In addition, we found significant upregulation of miR-21 in both directly irradiated cells and bystander cells, which was confirmed by the expression of miR-21 precursor and its target genes. Transfection of miR-21 mimics into non-irradiated MRC-5 cells caused bystander-like effects. Taken together, our data reveals that miR-21 is involved in radiation-induced bystander effects. Elucidation of such a miRNA-mediated bystander effect is of utmost importance in understanding the biological processes related to ionizing radiation and cell-to-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- a Department of Space Radiobiology; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine; Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Lanzhou , P.R. China
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Mothersill C, Seymour C. Radiation-induced non-targeted effects: some open questions. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2015; 166:125-130. [PMID: 25935010 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The existence of non-targeted effects (NTEs) of radiation (genomic instability and bystander effects) has been generally accepted for >20 y; however, there is research, which was largely ignored going back to 1915 reporting these effects. Despite today's general acceptance of the phenomenon of NTE, there is little agreement about the mechanisms involved and the implications in radiation biology and radiation protection. The aim of this review was to consider some of the odd data, which have been published in the field with a view to obtaining insights or stimulating new ways of thinking about this field. By highlighting some key challenges and controversies, concerning the mechanisms and more importantly, the reason these effects exist, current ideas about the wider implications of NTEs in evolution and biology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Islam A, Ghimbovschi S, Zhai M, Swift JM. An Exploration of Molecular Correlates Relevant to Radiation Combined Skin-Burn Trauma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134827. [PMID: 26247844 PMCID: PMC4527694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to high dose radiation in combination with physical injuries such as burn or wound trauma can produce a more harmful set of medical complications requiring specialist interventions. Currently these interventions are unavailable as are the precise biomarkers needed to help both accurately assess and treat such conditions. In the present study, we tried to identify and explore the possible role of serum exosome microRNA (miRNA) signatures as potential biomarkers for radiation combined burn injury (RCBI). Methodology Female B6D2F1/J mice were assigned to four experimental groups (n = 6): sham control (SHAM), burn injury (BURN), radiation injury (RI) and combined radiation skin burn injury (CI). We performed serum multiplex cytokine analysis and serum exosome miRNA expression profiling to determine novel miRNA signatures and important biological pathways associated with radiation combined skin-burn trauma. Principal Findings Serum cytokines, IL-5 and MCP-1, were significantly induced only in CI mice (p<0.05). From 890 differentially expressed miRNAs identified, microarray analysis showed 47 distinct miRNA seed sequences significantly associated with CI mice compared to SHAM control mice (fold change ≥ 1.2, p<0.05). Furthermore, only two major miRNA seed sequences (miR-690 and miR-223) were validated to be differentially expressed for CI mice specifically (fold change ≥ 1.5, p<0.05). Conclusions Serum exosome miRNA signature data of adult mice, following RCBI, provides new insights into the molecular and biochemical pathways associated with radiation combined skin-burn trauma in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminul Islam
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Svetlana Ghimbovschi
- Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Min Zhai
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Swift
- Naval Medical Research Center, Undersea Medicine Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
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Marta GN, Garicochea B, Carvalho AL, Real JM, Kowalski LP. MicroRNAs, cancer and ionizing radiation: Where are we? Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2015; 61:275-81. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.61.03.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Summary The aim of this study is to describe the biogenesis of microRNA, its relations with carcinogenesis, and the correlation between microRNA and ionizing radiation (IR), focusing on radioresponsiveness. It is known that microRNA biogenesis is well established and involves different enzymatic cleavages, resulting in the production of mature microRNA. MicroRNAs are involved in carcinogenesis. Their interaction is related to the genetic and epigenetic changes associated with activation of proto-oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Several studies have shown that the levels of expression of some microRNAs vary significantly after irradiation. There are evidences that microRNAs can influence cellular response after IR. In addition, microRNAs are related to modulation of the expression of several post-transcriptional targets in DNA damage response pathways, and to the DNA damage repair regulation mechanism. Future studies can clarify a possible clinical use of microRNAs as a new class of radiosensitive agents.
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Xu W, Wang T, Xu S, Xu S, Wu L, Wu Y, Bian P. Radiation-induced epigenetic bystander effects demonstrated in Arabidopsis thaliana. Radiat Res 2015; 183:511-24. [PMID: 25938771 DOI: 10.1667/rr13909.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) in vivo in the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana ( A. thaliana ) have been well demonstrated in terms of effects on development and genetics. However, there is not yet robust evidence regarding RIBE-mediated epigenetic changes in plants. To address this, in the current work the roots of A. thaliana seedlings were locally irradiated with 10 Gy of α particles, after which DNA methylation in bystander aerial plants were detected using the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). Results showed that irradiation of the roots led to long-distance changes in DNA methylation patterns at some CCGG sites over the whole genome, specifically from hemi-methylation to non-methylation, and the methylation ratios, mainly at CG sites, strongly indicating the existence of RIBE-mediated epigenetic changes in higher plants. Root irradiation also influenced expressions of DNA methylation-related MET1, DRM2 and SUVH4 genes and demethylation-related DML3 gene in bystander aerial plants, suggesting a modulation of RIBE to the methylation machinery in plants. In addition, the multicopy P35S:GUS in A. thaliana line L5-1, which is silenced epigenetically by DNA methylation and histone modification, was transcriptionally activated through the RIBE. The transcriptional activation could be significantly inhibited by the treatment with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), indicative of a pivotal role of ROS in RIBE-mediated epigenetic changes. Time course analyses showed that the bystander signaling molecule(s) for transcriptional activation of multicopy P35S:GUS, although of unknown chemical nature, were generated in the root cells within 24 h postirradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
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Delta-tocotrienol suppresses radiation-induced microRNA-30 and protects mice and human CD34+ cells from radiation injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122258. [PMID: 25815474 PMCID: PMC4376529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We reported that microRNA-30c (miR-30c) plays a key role in radiation-induced human cell damage through an apoptotic pathway. Herein we further evaluated radiation-induced miR-30 expression and mechanisms of delta-tocotrienol (DT3), a radiation countermeasure candidate, for regulating miR-30 in a mouse model and human hematopoietic CD34+ cells. CD2F1 mice were exposed to 0 (control) or 7–12.5 Gy total-body gamma-radiation, and CD34+ cells were irradiated with 0, 2 or 4 Gy of radiation. Single doses of DT3 (75 mg/kg, subcutaneous injection for mice or 2 μM for CD34+ cell culture) were administrated 24 h before irradiation and animal survival was monitored for 30 days. Mouse bone marrow (BM), jejunum, kidney, liver and serum as well as CD34+ cells were collected at 1, 4, 8, 24, 48 or 72 h after irradiation to determine apoptotic markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, miR-30, and stress response protein expression. Our results showed that radiation-induced IL-1β release and cell damage are pathological states that lead to an early expression and secretion of miR-30b and miR-30c in mouse tissues and serum and in human CD34+ cells. DT3 suppressed IL-1β and miR-30 expression, protected against radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse and human cells, and increased survival of irradiated mice. Furthermore, an anti-IL-1β antibody downregulated radiation-induced NFκBp65 phosphorylation, inhibited miR-30 expression and protected CD34+ cells from radiation exposure. Knockdown of NFκBp65 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly suppressed radiation-induced miR-30 expression in CD34+ cells. Our data suggest that DT3 protects human and mouse cells from radiation damage may through suppression of IL-1β-induced NFκB/miR-30 signaling.
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Al-Mayah A, Bright S, Chapman K, Irons S, Luo P, Carter D, Goodwin E, Kadhim M. The non-targeted effects of radiation are perpetuated by exosomes. Mutat Res 2014; 772:38-45. [PMID: 25772109 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes contain cargo material from endosomes, cytosol, plasma membrane and microRNA molecules, they are released by a number of non-cancer and cancer cells into both the extracellular microenvironment and body fluids such as blood plasma. Recently we demonstrated radiation-induced non-targeted effects [NTE: genomic instability (GI) and bystander effects (BE)] are partially mediated by exosomes, particularly the RNA content. However the mechanistic role of exosomes in NTE is yet to be fully understood. The present study used MCF7 cells to characterise the longevity of exosome-induced activity in the progeny of irradiated and unirradiated bystander cells. Exosomes extracted from conditioned media of irradiated and bystander progeny were added to unirradiated cells. Analysis was carried out at 1 and 20/24 population doublings following medium/exosome transfer for DNA/chromosomal damage. Results confirmed exosomes play a significant role in mediating NTE of ionising radiation (IR). This effect was remarkably persistent, observed >20 doublings post-irradiation in the progeny of bystander cells. Additionally, cell progeny undergoing a BE were themselves capable of inducing BE in other cells via exosomes they released. Furthermore we investigated the role of exosome cargo. Culture media from cells exposed to 2 Gy X-rays was subjected to ultracentrifugation and four inoculants prepared, (a) supernatants with exosomes removed, and pellets with (b) exosome proteins denatured, (c) RNA degraded, and (d) a combination of protein-RNA inactivation. These were added to separate populations of unirradiated cells. The BE was partially inhibited when either exosome protein or exosome RNA were inactivated separately, whilst combined RNA-protein inhibition significantly reduced or eliminated the BE. These results demonstrate that exosomes are associated with long-lived signalling of the NTE of IR. Both RNA and protein molecules of exosomes work in a synergistic manner to initiate NTE, spread these effects to naïve cells, and perpetuate GI in the affected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Al-Mayah
- Genomic Instability Group, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Bright
- Genomic Instability Group, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Chapman
- Genomic Instability Group, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Irons
- Insect Virus Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Ping Luo
- Izon Science Ltd., The Oxford Science Park, Magdalen Centre, Robert Robinson Avenue, Oxford OX4 4GA, United Kingdom
| | - David Carter
- Chromatin and non-coding RNA, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin Goodwin
- The New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - Munira Kadhim
- Genomic Instability Group, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom.
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Distinct microRNA expression profiles in mouse renal cortical tissue after 177Lu-octreotate administration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112645. [PMID: 25386939 PMCID: PMC4227842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the variation of the miRNA expression levels in normal renal cortical tissue after 177Lu-octreotate administration, a radiopharmaceutical used for treatment of neuroendocrine cancers. Methods Female BALB/c nude mice were i.v. injected with 1.3, 3.6, 14, 45, or 140 MBq 177Lu-octreotate, while control animals received saline. The animals were killed at 24 h after injection and total RNA, including miRNA, was extracted from the renal cortical tissue and hybridized to the Mouse miRNA Oligo chip 4plex to identify differentially regulated miRNAs between exposed and control samples. Results In total, 57 specific miRNAs were differentially regulated in the exposed renal cortical tissues with 1, 29, 21, 27, and 31 miRNAs identified per dose-level (0.13, 0.34, 1.3, 4.3, and 13 Gy, respectively). No miRNAs were commonly regulated at all dose levels. miR-194, miR-107, miR-3090, and miR-3077 were commonly regulated at 0.34, 1.3, 4.3, and 13 Gy. Strong effects on cellular mechanisms ranging from immune response to p53 signaling and cancer-related pathways were observed at the highest absorbed dose. Thirty-nine of the 57 differentially regulated miRNAs identified in the present study have previously been associated with response to ionizing radiation, indicating common radiation responsive pathways. Conclusion In conclusion, the 177Lu-octreotate associated miRNA signatures were generally dose-specific, thereby illustrating transcriptional regulation of radiation responsive miRNAs. Taken together, these results imply the importance of miRNAs in early immunological responses in the kidneys following 177Lu-octreotate administration.
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Szumiel I. Ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress, epigenetic changes and genomic instability: The pivotal role of mitochondria. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 91:1-12. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.934929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Weigel C, Schmezer P, Plass C, Popanda O. Epigenetics in radiation-induced fibrosis. Oncogene 2014; 34:2145-55. [PMID: 24909163 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a major cancer treatment option but dose-limiting side effects such as late-onset fibrosis in the irradiated tissue severely impair quality of life in cancer survivors. Efforts to explain radiation-induced fibrosis, for example, by genetic variation remained largely inconclusive. Recently published molecular analyses on radiation response and fibrogenesis showed a prominent role of epigenetic gene regulation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on epigenetic modifications in fibrotic disease and radiation response, and it points out the important role for epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, microRNAs and histone modifications in the development of this disease. The synopsis illustrates the complexity of radiation-induced fibrosis and reveals the need for investigations to further unravel its molecular mechanisms. Importantly, epigenetic changes are long-term determinants of gene expression and can therefore support those mechanisms that induce and perpetuate fibrogenesis even in the absence of the initial damaging stimulus. Future work must comprise the interconnection of acute radiation response and long-lasting epigenetic effects in order to assess their role in late-onset radiation fibrosis. An improved understanding of the underlying biology is fundamental to better comprehend the origin of this disease and to improve both preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Weigel
- Department of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Schmezer
- Department of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Plass
- Department of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Popanda
- Department of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Mao A, Liu Y, Zhang H, Di C, Sun C. microRNA expression and biogenesis in cellular response to ionizing radiation. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:667-79. [PMID: 24905898 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that the expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) significantly change upon ionizing radiation (IR) and play a critical role in cellular response to IR. Although several radiation responsive miRNAs and their targets have been identified, little is known about how miRNAs expression and biogenesis is regulated by IR-caused DNA damage response (DDR). Hence, in this review, we summarize miRNA expression and biogenesis in cellular response to IR and mainly elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of miRNA expression and biogenesis from different aspects including ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, p53/p63/p73 family and other potential factors. Furthermore, we focus on ΔNp73, which might be a potential regulator of miRNA expression and biogenesis in cellular response to IR. miRNAs could effectively activate the IR-induced DDR and modulate the radiation response and cellular radiosensitivity, which have an important potential clinical application. Therefore, thoroughly understanding the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs expression and biogenesis in radiation response will provide new insights for clinical cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Mao
- 1 Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Cellini F, Morganti AG, Genovesi D, Silvestris N, Valentini V. Role of microRNA in response to ionizing radiations: evidences and potential impact on clinical practice for radiotherapy. Molecules 2014; 19:5379-401. [PMID: 24879584 PMCID: PMC6271831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19045379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, non-coding, RNAs with gene expression regulator roles. As an important class of regulators of many cellular pathways, miRNAs are involved in many signaling pathways and DNA damage repair processes, affecting cellular radiosensitivity. Their role has led to interest in oncological implications to improve treatment results. MiRNAs represent a great opportunity to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy treatments-they can be used to profile the radioresistance of tumors before radiotherapy, monitor their response throughout the treatment, thus helping to select intensification strategies, and also to define the final response to therapy along with risks of recurrence or metastatization. Even though many interesting studies support such potential, nowadays most studies on patient data are limited to experiments profiling tumor aggressiveness and response to radiotherapy. Moreover many studies report different although not conflicting results on the miRNAs evaluated for each tumor type. Without doubt, the clinical potential of such molecules for radiotherapy is striking and of high interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cellini
- Radiation Oncology Department, Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico; Via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessio G Morganti
- Radiotherapy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura "Giovanni Paolo II", Largo Agostino Gemelli 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Domenico Genovesi
- Radiation Oncology Department, Università "G. D'Annunzio"; Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit - Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II"; Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Valentini
- Radiation Oncology Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; L.go Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy.
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Wu S, Wang X, Chen JX, Chen Y. Predictive factors for the sensitivity of radiotherapy and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:407-13. [PMID: 24576011 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.894649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify predictive biomarkers for radiosensitization and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 150 advanced stage ESCC patients were treated with preoperative radiotherapy. The protein levels of Dicer 1, DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1), and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the mRNA levels of Dicer 1, Dnmt1, and let-7b microRNA (miRNA) were measured in ESCC tumor tissues before and after radiotherapy. Global DNA methylation was measured and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed. RESULTS Negative Dicer 1, Dnmt1, and DNA-PKcs protein expression were observed in 72%, 67.3%, and 50.7% of ESCC patients, respectively. Primary Dicer 1 and Dnmt1 expression positively correlated with radiation sensitization and longer survival of ESCC patients, while increased Dicer 1 and Dnmt1 expression after radiation correlated with increased apoptosis in residual tumor tissues. Dicer 1 and Dnmt1 expression correlated with let-7b miRNA expression and global DNA methylation levels, respectively. In contrast, positive DNA-PKcs expression negatively correlated with radiation-induced pathological reactions, and increased DNA-PKcs expression correlated with increased apoptosis after radiation. CONCLUSION Global DNA hypomethylation and low miRNA expression are involved in the sensitization of ESCC to radiotherapy and prognosis of patients with ESCC.
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Bao B, Azmi AS, Li Y, Ahmad A, Ali S, Banerjee S, Kong D, Sarkar FH. Targeting CSCs in tumor microenvironment: the potential role of ROS-associated miRNAs in tumor aggressiveness. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 9:22-35. [PMID: 23957937 PMCID: PMC4493722 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x113089990053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been widely considered as critical cellular signaling molecules involving in various biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The homeostasis of ROS is critical to maintain normal biological processes. Increased production of ROS, namely oxidative stress, due to either endogenous or exogenous sources causes irreversible damage of bio-molecules such as DNA, proteins, lipids, and sugars, leading to genomic instability, genetic mutation, and altered gene expression, eventually contributing to tumorigenesis. A great amount of experimental studies in vitro and in vivo have produced solid evidence supporting that oxidative stress is strongly associated with increased tumor cell growth, treatment resistance, and metastasis, and all of which contribute to tumor aggressiveness. More recently, the data have indicated that altered production of ROS is also associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and hypoxia, the most common features or phenomena in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, the exact mechanism by which ROS is involved in the regulation of CSC and EMT characteristics as well as hypoxia- and, especially, HIF-mediated pathways is not well known. Emerging evidence suggests the role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and progression of human tumors. Recently, the data have indicated that altered productions of ROS are associated with deregulated expression of miRNAs, suggesting their potential roles in the regulation of ROS production. Therefore, targeting ROS mediated through the deregulation of miRNAs by novel approaches or by naturally occurring anti-oxidant agents such as genistein could provide a new therapeutic approach for the prevention and/or treatment of human malignancies. In this article, we will discuss the potential role of miRNAs in the regulation of ROS production during tumorigenesis. Finally, we will discuss the role of genistein, as a potent anti-tumor agent in the regulation of ROS production during tumorigenesis and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fazlul H Sarkar
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 740 HWCRC, 4100 John R Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Jacobs LA, Bewicke-Copley F, Poolman MG, Pink RC, Mulcahy LA, Baker I, Beaman EM, Brooks T, Caley DP, Cowling W, Currie JMS, Horsburgh J, Kenehan L, Keyes E, Leite D, Massa D, McDermott-Rouse A, Samuel P, Wood H, Kadhim M, Carter DRF. Meta-analysis using a novel database, miRStress, reveals miRNAs that are frequently associated with the radiation and hypoxia stress-responses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80844. [PMID: 24244721 PMCID: PMC3828287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Organisms are often exposed to environmental pressures that affect homeostasis, so it is important to understand the biological basis of stress-response. Various biological mechanisms have evolved to help cells cope with potentially cytotoxic changes in their environment. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which are able to regulate mRNA stability. It has been suggested that miRNAs may tip the balance between continued cytorepair and induction of apoptosis in response to stress. There is a wealth of data in the literature showing the effect of environmental stress on miRNAs, but it is scattered in a large number of disparate publications. Meta-analyses of this data would produce added insight into the molecular mechanisms of stress-response. To facilitate this we created and manually curated the miRStress database, which describes the changes in miRNA levels following an array of stress types in eukaryotic cells. Here we describe this database and validate the miRStress tool for analysing miRNAs that are regulated by stress. To validate the database we performed a cross-species analysis to identify miRNAs that respond to radiation. The analysis tool confirms miR-21 and miR-34a as frequently deregulated in response to radiation, but also identifies novel candidates as potentially important players in this stress response, including miR-15b, miR-19b, and miR-106a. Similarly, we used the miRStress tool to analyse hypoxia-responsive miRNAs. The most frequently deregulated miRNAs were miR-210 and miR-21, as expected. Several other miRNAs were also found to be associated with hypoxia, including miR-181b, miR-26a/b, miR-106a, miR-213 and miR-192. Therefore the miRStress tool has identified miRNAs with hitherto unknown or under-appreciated roles in the response to specific stress types. The miRStress tool, which can be used to uncover new insight into the biological roles of miRNAs, and also has the potential to unearth potential biomarkers for therapeutic response, is freely available at http://mudshark.brookes.ac.uk/MirStress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ann Jacobs
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Findlay Bewicke-Copley
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Graham Poolman
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Charles Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Ann Mulcahy
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Baker
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie-May Beaman
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Travis Brooks
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Paul Caley
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William Cowling
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jessica Horsburgh
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lottie Kenehan
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Keyes
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Leite
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Massa
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam McDermott-Rouse
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Wood
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Munira Kadhim
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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50
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Kraemer A, Barjaktarovic Z, Sarioglu H, Winkler K, Eckardt-Schupp F, Tapio S, Atkinson MJ, Moertl S. Cell survival following radiation exposure requires miR-525-3p mediated suppression of ARRB1 and TXN1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77484. [PMID: 24147004 PMCID: PMC3797807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that alter the stability and translation efficiency of messenger RNAs. Ionizing radiation (IR) induces rapid and selective changes in miRNA expression. Depletion of the miRNA processing enzymes Dicer or Ago2 reduces the capacity of cells to survive radiation exposure. Elucidation of critical radiation-regulated miRNAs and their target proteins offers a promising approach to identify new targets to increase the therapeutic effectiveness of the radiation treatment of cancer. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Expression of miR-525-3p is rapidly up-regulated in response to radiation. Manipulation of miR-525-3p expression in irradiated cells confirmed that this miRNA mediates the radiosensitivity of a variety of non-transformed (RPE, HUVEC) and tumor-derived cell lines (HeLa, U2-Os, EA.hy926) cell lines. Thus, anti-miR-525-3p mediated inhibition of the increase in miR-525-3p elevated radiosensitivity, while overexpression of precursor miR-525-3p conferred radioresistance. Using a proteomic approach we identified 21 radiation-regulated proteins, of which 14 were found to be candidate targets for miR-525-3p-mediated repression. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that nine of these were indeed direct targets of miR-525-3p repression. Individual analysis of these direct targets by RNAi-mediated knockdown established that ARRB1, TXN1 and HSPA9 are essential miR-525-3p-dependent regulators of radiation sensitivity. CONCLUSION The transient up-regulation of miR-525-3p, and the resultant repression of its direct targets ARRB1, TXN1 and HSPA9, is required for cell survival following irradiation. The conserved function of miR-525-3p across several cell types makes this microRNA pathway a promising target for modifying the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kraemer
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zarko Barjaktarovic
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hakan Sarioglu
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Protein Science, Proteomics Core Facility, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaudia Winkler
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Friederike Eckardt-Schupp
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael J. Atkinson
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Radiation Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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