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Tran STH, Katsuhara M, Mito Y, Onishi A, Higa A, Ono S, Paul NC, Horie R, Harada Y, Horie T. OsPIP2;4 aquaporin water channel primarily expressed in roots of rice mediates both water and nonselective Na + and K + conductance. Sci Rep 2025; 15:12857. [PMID: 40229437 PMCID: PMC11997034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-96259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP)-dependent water transport across membranes is indispensable in plants. Recent evidence shows that several AQPs, including plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), facilitate the electrogenic transport of ions as well as water transport and are referred to as ion-conducting aquaporins (icAQPs). The present study attempted to identify icAQPs that exhibit cation transport activity among PIPs from rice. Electrophysiological experiments on 11 OsPIPs using Xenopus laevis oocytes revealed that OsPIP2;4 mediated the electrogenic transport of alkali monovalent cations with the selectivity sequence of Na+ ≈ K+ > Rb+ > Cs+ > Li+, suggesting non-selective cation conductance for Na+ and K+. Transcripts of OsPIP2;4 were abundant in the elongation and mature zones of roots with similar expression levels between the root stelar and remaining outer parts in the cultivar Nipponbare. Immunostaining using sections of the crown roots of Nipponbare plants revealed the expression of OsPIP2;4 in the exodermis and sclerenchyma of the surface region and in the endodermis and pericycle of the stelar region. The present results provide novel insights into OsPIP2;4-dependent non-selective Na+ and K+ transport and its physiological roles in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Thi Huong Tran
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
- Department of High-Tech agriculture, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, 530000, Vietnam
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yunosuke Mito
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3- 15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Aya Onishi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Ayaka Higa
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3- 15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ono
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Newton Chandra Paul
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
- Department of Agronomy, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, 9100, Bangladesh
| | - Rie Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3- 15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Harada
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3- 15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3- 15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan.
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Bourgeois S, Houillier P. State of knowledge on ammonia handling by the kidney. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:517-531. [PMID: 38448728 PMCID: PMC11006756 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The disposal of ammonia, the main proton buffer in the urine, is important for acid-base homeostasis. Renal ammonia excretion is the predominant contributor to renal net acid excretion, both under basal condition and in response to acidosis. New insights into the mechanisms of renal ammonia production and transport have been gained in the past decades. Ammonia is the only urinary solute known to be produced in the kidney and selectively transported through the different parts of the nephron. Both molecular forms of total ammonia, NH3 and NH4+, are transported by specific proteins. Proximal tubular ammoniagenesis and the activity of these transport processes determine the eventual fate of total ammonia produced and excreted by the kidney. In this review, we summarized the state of the art of ammonia handling by the kidney and highlighted the newest processes described in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soline Bourgeois
- Institut of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Houillier
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMR 8228, Paris, France
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3
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Harris AN, Skankar M, Melanmed M, Batlle D. An Update on Kidney Ammonium Transport Along the Nephron. ADVANCES IN KIDNEY DISEASE AND HEALTH 2023; 30:189-196. [PMID: 36868733 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Acid-base homeostasis is critical to the maintenance of normal health. The kidneys have a central role in bicarbonate generation, which occurs through the process of net acid excretion. Renal ammonia excretion is the predominant component of renal net acid excretion under basal conditions and in response to acid-base disturbances. Ammonia produced in the kidney is selectively transported into the urine or the renal vein. The amount of ammonia produced by the kidney that is excreted in the urine varies dramatically in response to physiological stimuli. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of ammonia metabolism's molecular mechanisms and regulation. Ammonia transport has been advanced by recognizing that the specific transport of NH3 and NH4+ by specific membrane proteins is critical to ammonia transport. Other studies show that proximal tubule protein, NBCe1, specifically the A variant, significantly regulates renal ammonia metabolism. This review discusses these critical aspects of the emerging features of ammonia metabolism and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn N Harris
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL.
| | - Mythri Skankar
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephro-urology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Michal Melanmed
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/ Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Aquaporins Display a Diversity in their Substrates. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:1-23. [PMID: 35986775 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins constitute a family of transmembrane proteins that function to transport water and other small solutes across the cell membrane. Aquaporins family members are found in diverse life forms. Aquaporins share the common structural fold consisting of six transmembrane alpha helices with a central water-transporting channel. Four such monomers assemble together to form tetramers as their biological unit. Initially, aquaporins were discovered as water-transporting channels, but several studies supported their involvement in mediating the facilitated diffusion of different solutes. The so-called water channel is able to transport a variety of substrates ranging from a neutral molecule to a charged molecule or a small molecule to a bulky molecule or even a gas molecule. This article gives an overview of a diverse range of substrates conducted by aquaporin family members. Prime focus is on human aquaporins where aquaporins show a wide tissue distribution and substrate specificity leading to various physiological functions. This review also highlights the structural mechanisms leading to the transport of water and glycerol. More research is needed to understand how one common fold enables the aquaporins to transport an array of solutes.
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Aquaporins and Ion Channels as Dual Targets in the Design of Novel Glioblastoma Therapeutics to Limit Invasiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030849. [PMID: 36765806 PMCID: PMC9913334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) focus on eradicating primary tumors using radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgical resection, but have limited success in controlling the invasive spread of glioma cells into a healthy brain, the major factor driving short survival times for patients post-diagnosis. Transcriptomic analyses of GBM biopsies reveal clusters of membrane signaling proteins that in combination serve as robust prognostic indicators, including aquaporins and ion channels, which are upregulated in GBM and implicated in enhanced glioblastoma motility. Accumulating evidence supports our proposal that the concurrent pharmacological targeting of selected subclasses of aquaporins and ion channels could impede glioblastoma invasiveness by impairing key cellular motility pathways. Optimal sets of channels to be selected as targets for combined therapies could be tailored to the GBM cancer subtype, taking advantage of differences in patterns of expression between channels that are characteristic of GBM subtypes, as well as distinguishing them from non-cancerous brain cells such as neurons and glia. Focusing agents on a unique channel fingerprint in GBM would further allow combined agents to be administered at near threshold doses, potentially reducing off-target toxicity. Adjunct therapies which confine GBM tumors to their primary sites during clinical treatments would offer profound advantages for treatment efficacy.
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Geng X, Shao G, Jiang T, Yang B. Transport Characteristics of Aquaporins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:53-64. [PMID: 36717486 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQP) are a class of the integral membrane proteins. The main physiological function of AQPs is to facilitate the water transport across plasma membrane of cells. However, the transport of various kinds of small molecules by AQPs is an interesting topic. Studies using in vitro cell models have found that AQPs mediated transport of small molecules, including glycerol, urea, carbamides, polyols, purines, pyrimidines and monocarboxylates, and gases such as CO2, NO, NH3, H2O2 and O2, although the high intrinsic membrane permeabilities for these gases make aquaporin-facilitated transport not dominant in physiological mechanism. AQPs are also considered to transport silicon, antimonite, arsenite and some ions; however, most data about transport characteristics of AQPs are derived from in vitro experiments. The physiological significance of AQPs that are permeable to various small molecules is necessary to be determined by in vivo experiments. This chapter will provide information about the transport characteristics of AQPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangying Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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7
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Xu L, Guo X, Wang W, Li C. Classification and Gene Structure of Aquaporins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:1-13. [PMID: 36717483 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of membrane water channels that basically function as regulators of intracellular and intercellular water flow. To date, 13 AQPs, distributed widely in specific cell types in various organs and tissues, have been characterized in humans. A pair of NPA boxes forming a pore is highly conserved among all aquaporins and is also key residues for the classification of AQP superfamily into four groups according to primary sequences. AQPs may also be classified based on their transport properties. So far, chromosome localization and gene structure of 13 human AQPs have been identified, which is definitely helpful for studying phenotypes and potential targets in naturally occurring and synthetic mutations in human or cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xu
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Guo
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chunling Li
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhang LD, Song LY, Dai MJ, Guo ZJ, Wei MY, Li J, Xu CQ, Zhu XY, Zheng HL. Cadmium promotes the absorption of ammonium in hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. mediated by ammonium transporters and aquaporins. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136031. [PMID: 35981624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal affecting the normal growth of plants. Nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) are the primary forms of inorganic nitrogen (N) absorbed by plants. However, the mechanism of N absorption and regulation under Cd stress remains unclear. This study found that: (1) Cd treatment affected the biomass, root length, and Cd2+ flux in Solanum nigrum seedling roots. Specifically, 50 μM Cd significantly inhibited NO3- influx while increased NH4+ influx compared with 0 and 5 μM Cd treatments measured by non-invasive micro-test technology. (2) qRT-PCR analysis showed that 50 μM Cd inhibited the expressions of nitrate transporter genes, SnNRT2;4 and SnNRT2;4-like, increased the expressions of ammonium transporter genes, SnAMT1;2 and SnAMT1;3, in the roots. (3) Under NH4+ supply, 50 μM Cd significantly induced the expressions of the aquaporin genes, SnPIP1;5, SnPIP2;7, and SnTIP2;1. Our results showed that 50 μM Cd stress promoted NH4+ absorption by up-regulating the gene expressions of NH4+ transporter and aquaporins, suggesting that high Cd stress can affect the preference of N nutrition in S. nigrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Ling-Yu Song
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Ming-Jin Dai
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Ze-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Chao-Qun Xu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Xue-Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China.
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Elsherbini DMA, Ghoneim FM, El-Mancy EM, Ebrahim HA, El-Sherbiny M, El-Shafey M, Al-Serwi RH, Elsherbiny NM. Astrocytes profiling in acute hepatic encephalopathy: Possible enrolling of glial fibrillary acidic protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir 4.1) and aquaporin-4 in rat cerebral cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:896172. [PMID: 36060277 PMCID: PMC9428715 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.896172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neurological disarray manifested as a sequel to chronic and acute liver failure (ALF). A potentially fatal consequence of ALF is brain edema with concomitant astrocyte enlargement. This study aims to outline the role of astrocytes in acute HE and shed light on the most critical mechanisms driving this role. Rats were allocated into two groups. Group 1, the control group, received the vehicle. Group 2, the TAA group, received TAA (300 mg/kg) for 3 days. Serum AST, ALT, and ammonia were determined. Liver and cerebral cortical sections were processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining. Additionally, mRNA expression and immunohistochemical staining of cortical GFAP, TNFα, Kir4.1, and AQP4 were performed. Cortical sections from the TAA group demonstrated neuropil vacuolation and astrocytes enlargement with focal gliosis. GFAP, TNFα, and AQP4 revealed increased mRNA expression, positive immunoreactivity, and a positive correlation to brain water content. In contrast, Kir 4.1 showed decreased mRNA expression and immunoreactivity and a negative correlation to brain water content. In conclusion, our findings revealed altered levels of TNFα, Kir 4.1, GFAP, and AQP4 in HE-associated brain edema. A more significant dysregulation of Kir 4.1 and TNFα was observed compared to AQP4 and GFAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Mahmoud Abdelmonem Elsherbini
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Dalia Mahmoud Abdelmonem Elsherbini,
| | - Fatma M. Ghoneim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohammed El-Mancy
- Deanship of Common First Year, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hasnaa Ali Ebrahim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed El-Sherbiny,
| | - Mohamed El-Shafey
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal M. Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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da Silva IV, Garra S, Calamita G, Soveral G. The Multifaceted Role of Aquaporin-9 in Health and Its Potential as a Clinical Biomarker. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070897. [PMID: 35883453 PMCID: PMC9313442 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels essential for water, energy, and redox homeostasis, with proven involvement in a variety of pathophysiological conditions such as edema, glaucoma, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, oxidative stress, sepsis, cancer, and metabolic dysfunctions. The 13 AQPs present in humans are widely distributed in all body districts, drawing cell lineage-specific expression patterns closely related to cell native functions. Compelling evidence indicates that AQPs are proteins with great potential as biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention. Aquaporin-9 (AQP9) is the most expressed in the liver, with implications in general metabolic and redox balance due to its aquaglyceroporin and peroxiporin activities, facilitating glycerol and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) diffusion across membranes. AQP9 is also expressed in other tissues, and their altered expression is described in several human diseases, such as liver injury, inflammation, cancer, infertility, and immune disorders. The present review compiles the current knowledge of AQP9 implication in diseases and highlights its potential as a new biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês V. da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sabino Garra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (G.S.)
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11
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Ammonia induces amyloidogenesis in astrocytes by promoting amyloid precursor protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101933. [PMID: 35427648 PMCID: PMC9117890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperammonemia is known to cause various neurological dysfunctions such as seizures and cognitive impairment. Several studies have suggested that hyperammonemia may also be linked to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the direct evidence for a role of ammonia in the pathophysiology of AD remains to be discovered. Herein, we report that hyperammonemia increases the amount of mature amyloid precursor protein (mAPP) in astrocytes, the largest and most prevalent type of glial cells in the central nervous system that are capable of metabolizing glutamate and ammonia, and promotes amyloid beta (Aβ) production. We demonstrate the accumulation of mAPP in astrocytes was primarily due to enhanced endocytosis of mAPP from the plasma membrane. A large proportion of internalized mAPP was targeted not to the lysosome, but to the endoplasmic reticulum, where processing enzymes β-secretase BACE1 (beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1) and γ-secretase presenilin-1 are expressed, and mAPP is cleaved to produce Aβ. Finally, we show the ammonia-induced production of Aβ in astrocytic endoplasmic reticulum was specific to Aβ42, a principal component of senile plaques in AD patients. Our studies uncover a novel mechanism of Aβ42 production in astrocytes and also provide the first evidence that ammonia induces the pathogenesis of AD by regulating astrocyte function.
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12
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Molecular Characterization of Aquaporins Genes from the Razor Clam Sinonovacula constricta and Their Potential Role in Salinity Tolerance. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) play crucial roles in osmoregulation, but the knowledge about the functions of AQPs in Sinonovacula constricta is unclear. In this study, Sc-AQP1, Sc-AQP8, and Sc-AQP11 were identified from S. constricta, and the three Sc-AQPs are highly conserved compared to the known AQPs. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the highest mRNA expressions of Sc-AQP1, Sc-AQP8, and Sc-AQP11 were detected in the gill, digestive gland, and adductor muscle, respectively. In addition, the highest mRNA expression of Sc-AQP1 and Sc-AQP11 was detected in the D-shaped larvae stage, whereas that of SC-AQP8 was observed in the umbo larvae stage. The mRNA expression of Sc-AQP1, Sc-AQP8, and Sc-AQP11 significantly increased to 12.45-, 12.36-, and 27.44-folds post-exposure of low salinity (3.5 psu), while only Sc-AQP1 and Sc-AQP11 significantly increased post-exposure of high salinity (35 psu) (p < 0.01). The fluorescence in situ hybridization also showed that the salinity shift led to the boost of Sc-AQP1, Sc-AQP8, and Sc-AQP11 mRNA expression in gill filament, digestive gland, and adductor muscle, respectively. Knockdown of the Sc-AQP1 and Sc-AQP8 led to the decreased osmotic pressure in the hemolymph. Overall, these findings would contribute to the comprehension of the osmoregulation pattern of AQPs in S. constricta.
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Wagner K, Unger L, Salman MM, Kitchen P, Bill RM, Yool AJ. Signaling Mechanisms and Pharmacological Modulators Governing Diverse Aquaporin Functions in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1388. [PMID: 35163313 PMCID: PMC8836214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small integral membrane proteins that facilitate the bidirectional transport of water across biological membranes in response to osmotic pressure gradients as well as enable the transmembrane diffusion of small neutral solutes (such as urea, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide) and ions. AQPs are expressed throughout the human body. Here, we review their key roles in fluid homeostasis, glandular secretions, signal transduction and sensation, barrier function, immunity and inflammation, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Evidence from a wide variety of studies now supports a view of the functions of AQPs being much more complex than simply mediating the passive flow of water across biological membranes. The discovery and development of small-molecule AQP inhibitors for research use and therapeutic development will lead to new insights into the basic biology of and novel treatments for the wide range of AQP-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wagner
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Lucas Unger
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Mootaz M. Salman
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Roslyn M. Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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14
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Cheng G, Wang M, Zhang L, Wei H, Wang H, Lu J, Yu S. Overexpression of a Cotton Aquaporin Gene GhTIP1;1-like Confers Cold Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031361. [PMID: 35163287 PMCID: PMC8836057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress can significantly affect the development, yield, and quality of crops and restrict the geographical distribution and growing seasons of plants. Aquaporins are the main channels for water transport in plant cells. Abiotic stresses such as cold and drought dehydrate cells by changing the water potential. In this study, we cloned a gene GhTIP1;1-like encodes tonoplast aquaporin from the transcriptome database of cotton seedlings after cold stress. Expression analysis showed that GhTIP1;1-like not only responds to cold stress but was also induced by heat, drought and salt stress. Subcellular localization showed that the protein was anchored to the vacuole membrane. Promoter deletion analysis revealed that a MYC motif within the promoter region of GhTIP1;1-like were the core cis-elements in response to low temperature. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and histochemical staining indicate that GhTIP1;1-like plays a positive role in plant cold tolerance. Overexpression of GhTIP1;1-like in Arabidopsis delayed the senescence process and enhanced the cold tolerance of transgenic plants. Compared with the wild type, the soluble protein concentration and peroxidase activity of the transgenic lines under cold stress were higher, while the malondialdehyde content was lower. In addition, the expression levels of cold-responsive genes were significantly increased in transgenic plants under cold stress. Our results indicate that GhTIP1;1-like could respond to different abiotic stresses and be positively involved in regulating the cold tolerance of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongmin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; (G.C.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
- School of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China;
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- School of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China;
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Longyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; (G.C.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; (G.C.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; (G.C.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; (G.C.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; (G.C.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-188-0372-9718
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15
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Liu J, Qin G, Liu C, Liu X, Zhou J, Li J, Lu B, Zhao J. Genome-wide identification of candidate aquaporins involved in water accumulation of pomegranate outer seed coat. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11810. [PMID: 34316414 PMCID: PMC8286702 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a class of highly conserved integral membrane proteins that facilitate the uptake and transport of water and other small molecules across cell membranes. However, little is known about AQP genes in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and their potential role in water accumulation of the outer seed coat. We identified 38 PgrAQP genes in the pomegranate genome and divided them into five subfamilies based on a comparative analysis. Purifying selection played a role in the evolution of PgrAQP genes and a whole-genome duplication event in Myrtales may have contributed to the expansion of PgrTIP, PgrSIP, and PgrXIP genes. Transcriptome data analysis revealed that the PgrAQP genes exhibited different tissue-specific expression patterns. Among them, the transcript abundance of PgrPIPs were significantly higher than that of other subfamilies. The mRNA transcription levels of PgrPIP1.3, PgrPIP2.8, and PgrSIP1.2 showed a significant linear relationship with water accumulation in seed coats, indicating that PgrPIP1.3/PgrPIP2.8 located in the plasma membrane and PgrSIP1.2 proteins located on the tonoplast may be involved in water accumulation and contribute to the cell expansion of the outer seed coat, which then develops into juicy edible flesh. Overall, our results provided not only information on the characteristics and evolution of PgrAQPs, but also insights on the genetic improvement of outer seed coats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Liu
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China.,Institute of Horticultural Research (Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crop, Anhui Province), Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Gaihua Qin
- Institute of Horticultural Research (Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crop, Anhui Province), Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality and Developmental Biology, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Horticultural Research (Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crop, Anhui Province), Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality and Developmental Biology, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Institute of Horticultural Research (Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crop, Anhui Province), Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality and Developmental Biology, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Bingxin Lu
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Jianrong Zhao
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
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16
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Coskun D, Deshmukh R, Shivaraj SM, Isenring P, Bélanger RR. Lsi2: A black box in plant silicon transport. PLANT AND SOIL 2021; 466:1-20. [PMID: 34720209 PMCID: PMC8550040 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-05061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicon (Si) is widely considered a non-essential but beneficial element for higher plants, providing broad protection against various environmental stresses (both biotic and abiotic), particularly in species that can readily absorb the element. Two plasma-membrane proteins are known to coordinate the radial transport of Si (in the form of Si(OH)4) from soil to xylem within roots: the influx channel Lsi1 and the efflux transporter Lsi2. From a structural and mechanistic perspective, much more is known about Lsi1 (a member of the NIP-III subgroup of the Major Intrinsic Proteins) compared to Lsi2 (a putative Si(OH)4/H+ antiporter, with some homology to bacterial anion transporters). SCOPE Here, we critically review the current state of understanding regarding the physiological role and molecular characteristics of Lsi2. We demonstrate that the structure-function relationship of Lsi2 is largely uncharted and that the standing transport model requires much better supportive evidence. We also provide (to our knowledge) the most current and extensive phylogenetic analysis of Lsi2 from all fully sequenced higher-plant genomes. We end by suggesting research directions and hypotheses to elucidate the properties of Lsi2. CONCLUSIONS Given that Lsi2 is proposed to mediate xylem Si loading and thus root-to-shoot translocation and biosilicification, it is imperative that the field of Si transport focus its efforts on a better understanding of this important topic. With this review, we aim to stimulate and advance research in the field of Si transport and thus better exploit Si to improve crop resilience and agricultural output. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-021-05061-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Coskun
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté Des Sciences de L’Agriculture Et de L’Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec Canada
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - S. M. Shivaraj
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Paul Isenring
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec Canada
| | - Richard R. Bélanger
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté Des Sciences de L’Agriculture Et de L’Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec Canada
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17
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Tyerman SD, McGaughey SA, Qiu J, Yool AJ, Byrt CS. Adaptable and Multifunctional Ion-Conducting Aquaporins. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:703-736. [PMID: 33577345 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-081720-013608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins function as water and neutral solute channels, signaling hubs, disease virulence factors, and metabolon components. We consider plant aquaporins that transport ions compared to some animal counterparts. These are candidates for important, as yet unidentified, cation and anion channels in plasma, tonoplast, and symbiotic membranes. For those individual isoforms that transport ions, water, and gases, the permeability spans 12 orders of magnitude. This requires tight regulation of selectivity via protein interactions and posttranslational modifications. A phosphorylation-dependent switch between ion and water permeation in AtPIP2;1 might be explained by coupling between the gates of the four monomer water channels and the central pore of the tetramer. We consider the potential for coupling between ion and water fluxes that could form the basis of an electroosmotic transducer. A grand challenge in understanding the roles of ion transporting aquaporins is their multifunctional modes that are dependent on location, stress, time, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; ,
| | - Samantha A McGaughey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia; ,
| | - Jiaen Qiu
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; ,
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia;
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia; ,
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18
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Wang L, Huo D, Zhu H, Xu Q, Gao C, Chen W, Zhang Y. Deciphering the structure, function, expression and regulation of aquaporin-5 in cancer evolution. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:309. [PMID: 33732385 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the morbidity rate resulting from numerous types of malignant tumor has increased annually, and the treatment of tumors has been attracting an increasing amount of attention. A number of recent studies have revealed that the water channel protein aquaporin-5 (AQP5) has become a major player in multiple types of cancer. AQP5 is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumor tissues or cells and has multiple effects on certain biological functions of tumors, such as regulating the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of tumor cells. It has been suggested that AQP5 may play an important role in the process of tumor development, opening up a new field of tumor research. The present review highlighted the structure of AQP5 and its role in tumor progression. Furthermore, the expression of AQP5 in different malignant neoplasms was summarized. In addition, the influence of not only drugs, but also different compounds on AQP5 were summarized. In conclusion, according to the findings in the present review, AQP5 has potential as a novel therapeutic target in human cancer, and other AQPs should be similarly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Da Huo
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Chengpeng Gao
- Department of Respiratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Department of Science and Education, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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19
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Ishida M, Hori M, Ooba Y, Kinoshita M, Matsutani T, Naito M, Hagimoto T, Miyazaki K, Ueda S, Miura K, Tominaga T. A Functional Aqp1 Gene Product Localizes on The Contractile Vacuole Complex in Paramecium multimicronucleatum. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2021; 68:e12843. [PMID: 33501744 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a ciliate Paramecium, the presence of water channels on the membrane of contractile vacuole has long been predicted by both morphological and physiological data, however, to date either the biochemical or the molecular biological data have not been provided. In the present study, to examine the presence of aquaporin in Paramecium, we carried out RT-PCR with degenerated primers designed based on the ParameciumDB, and an aquaporin cDNA (aquaporin 1, aqp1) with a full-length ORF encoding 251 amino acids was obtained from Paramecium multimicronucleatum by using RACE. The deduced amino acid sequence of AQP1 had NPA-NPG motifs, and the prediction of protein secondary structure by CNR5000 and hydropathy plot showed the presence of six putative transmembrane domains and five connecting loops. Phylogenetic analysis results showed that the amino acid sequence of AQP1 was close to that of the Super-aquaporin group. The AQP1-GFP fusion protein clearly demonstrated the subcellular localization of AQP1 on the contractile vacuole complex, except for the decorated spongiome membrane. The functional analyses of aqp1 were done by RNA interference-based gene silencing, using an established feeding method. The aqp1 was found to be crucial for the total fluid output of the cell, the function of contractile vacuole membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ishida
- School of Science Education, Nara University of Education, Nara, 630-8528, Japan
| | - Manabu Hori
- Department of Biological Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yui Ooba
- School of Science Education, Nara University of Education, Nara, 630-8528, Japan
| | - Masako Kinoshita
- School of Science Education, Nara University of Education, Nara, 630-8528, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Matsutani
- School of Science Education, Nara University of Education, Nara, 630-8528, Japan
| | - Musumi Naito
- School of Science Education, Nara University of Education, Nara, 630-8528, Japan
| | - Taeko Hagimoto
- School of Science Education, Nara University of Education, Nara, 630-8528, Japan
| | - Kuniko Miyazaki
- School of Science Education, Nara University of Education, Nara, 630-8528, Japan
| | - Sou Ueda
- School of Science Education, Nara University of Education, Nara, 630-8528, Japan
| | - Ken Miura
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Tominaga
- Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan
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20
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Methyl Jasmonate Affects Photosynthesis Efficiency, Expression of HvTIP Genes and Nitrogen Homeostasis in Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124335. [PMID: 32570736 PMCID: PMC7352393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonates modulate many growth and developmental processes and act as stress hormones that play an important role in plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, there is a need to identify the genes that are regulated through the jasmonate signalling pathway. Aquaporins, and among them the Tonoplast Intrinsic Proteins (TIPs), form the channels in cell membranes that are responsible for the precise regulation of the movement of water and other substrates between cell compartments. We identified the cis-regulatory motifs for the methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced genes in the promoter regions of all the HvTIP genes, which are active in barley seedlings, and thus we hypothesised that the HvTIP expression could be a response to jasmonate signalling. In the presented study, we determined the effect of methyl jasmonate on the growth parameters and photosynthesis efficiency of barley seedlings that had been exposed to different doses of MeJA (15–1000 µM × 120 h) in a hydroponic solution. All of the applied MeJA concentrations caused a significant reduction of barley seedling growth, which was most evident in the length of the first leaf sheath and dry leaf weight. The observed decrease of the PSII parameters after the exposure to high doses of MeJA (500 µM or higher) was associated with the downregulation of HvPsbR gene encoding one of the extrinsic proteins of the Oxygen Evolving Complex. The reduced expression of HvPsbR might lead to the impairment of the OEC action, manifested by the occurrence of the K-band in an analysis of fluorescence kinetics after MeJA treatment as well as reduced photosynthesis efficiency. Furthermore, methyl jasmonate treatment caused a decrease in the nitrogen content in barley leaves, which was associated with an increased expression the four tonoplast aquaporin genes (HvTIP1;2, HvTIP2;2, HvTIP4;1 and HvTIP4;2) predicted to transport the nitrogen compounds from the vacuole to the cytosol. The upregulation of the nitrogen-transporting HvTIPs might suggest their involvement in the vacuolar unloading of ammonia and urea, which both could be remobilised when the nitrogen content in the leaves decreases. Our research provides tips on physiological role of the individual TIP subfamily members of aquaporins under methyl jasmonate action.
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21
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Weiner ID, Verlander JW. Emerging Features of Ammonia Metabolism and Transport in Acid-Base Balance. Semin Nephrol 2020; 39:394-405. [PMID: 31300094 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia metabolism has a critical role in acid-base homeostasis and in other cellular functions. Kidneys have a central role in bicarbonate generation, which occurs through the process of net acid excretion; ammonia metabolism is the quantitatively greatest component of net acid excretion, both under basal conditions and in response to acid-base disturbances. Several recent studies have advanced our understanding substantially of the molecular mechanisms and regulation of ammonia metabolism. First, the previous paradigm that ammonia transport could be explained by passive NH3 diffusion and NH4+ trapping has been advanced by the recognition that specific transport of NH3 and of NH4+ by specific membrane proteins is critical to ammonia transport. Second, significant advances have been made in the understanding of the regulation of ammonia metabolism. Novel studies have shown that hyperkalemia directly inhibits ammonia metabolism, thereby leading to the metabolic acidosis present in type IV renal tubular acidosis. Other studies have shown that the proximal tubule protein NBCe1, specifically the A variant NBCe1-A, has a major role in regulating renal ammonia metabolism. Third, there are important sex differences in ammonia metabolism that involve structural and functional differences in the kidney. This review addresses these important aspects of ammonia metabolism and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- I David Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; Nephrology and Hypertension Section, Gainesville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL.
| | - Jill W Verlander
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
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22
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Bach-Pages M, Homma F, Kourelis J, Kaschani F, Mohammed S, Kaiser M, van der Hoorn RAL, Castello A, Preston GM. Discovering the RNA-Binding Proteome of Plant Leaves with an Improved RNA Interactome Capture Method. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E661. [PMID: 32344669 PMCID: PMC7226388 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in regulating RNA function and fate. However, the full complement of RBPs has only recently begun to be uncovered through proteome-wide approaches such as RNA interactome capture (RIC). RIC has been applied to various cell lines and organisms, including plants, greatly expanding the repertoire of RBPs. However, several technical challenges have limited the efficacy of RIC when applied to plant tissues. Here, we report an improved version of RIC that overcomes the difficulties imposed by leaf tissue. Using this improved RIC method in Arabidopsis leaves, we identified 717 RBPs, generating a deep RNA-binding proteome for leaf tissues. While 75% of these RBPs can be linked to RNA biology, the remaining 25% were previously not known to interact with RNA. Interestingly, we observed that a large number of proteins related to photosynthesis associate with RNA in vivo, including proteins from the four major photosynthetic supercomplexes. As has previously been reported for mammals, a large proportion of leaf RBPs lack known RNA-binding domains, suggesting unconventional modes of RNA binding. We anticipate that this improved RIC method will provide critical insights into RNA metabolism in plants, including how cellular RBPs respond to environmental, physiological and pathological cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Bach-Pages
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; (M.B.-P.); (F.H.); (J.K.); (R.A.L.v.d.H.)
| | - Felix Homma
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; (M.B.-P.); (F.H.); (J.K.); (R.A.L.v.d.H.)
| | - Jiorgos Kourelis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; (M.B.-P.); (F.H.); (J.K.); (R.A.L.v.d.H.)
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, 45117 Essen, Germany; (F.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK;
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, 45117 Essen, Germany; (F.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Renier A. L. van der Hoorn
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; (M.B.-P.); (F.H.); (J.K.); (R.A.L.v.d.H.)
| | - Alfredo Castello
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK;
| | - Gail M. Preston
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; (M.B.-P.); (F.H.); (J.K.); (R.A.L.v.d.H.)
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23
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Chen LY. Application of the Brown dynamics fluctuation-dissipation theorem to the study of Plasmodium berghei transporter protein PbAQP. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2020; 8:119. [PMID: 32457897 PMCID: PMC7250396 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2020.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the Brownian dynamics fluctuation-dissipation theorem (BD-FDT) is applied to the study of transport of neutral solutes across the cellular membrane of Plasmodium berghei (Pb), a disease-causing parasite. Pb infects rodents and causes symptoms in laboratory mice that are comparable to human malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum (Pf). Due to the relative ease of its genetic engineering, P. berghei has been exploited as a model organism for the study of human malaria. P. berghei expresses one type of aquaporin (AQP), PbAQP, and, in parallel, P. falciparum expresses PfAQP. Either PbAQP or PfAQP is a multifunctional channel protein in the plasma membrane of the rodent/human malarial parasite for homeostasis of water, uptake of glycerol, and excretion of some metabolic wastes across the cell membrane. This FDT-study of the channel protein PbAQP is to elucidate how and how strongly it interacts with water, glycerol, and erythritol. It is found that erythritol, which binds deep inside the conducting pore of PbAQP/PfAQP, inhibits the channel protein's functions of conducting water, glycerol etc. This points to the possibility that erythritol, a sugar substitute, may inhibit the malarial parasites in rodents and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Y Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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24
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Bezerra-Neto JP, de Araújo FC, Ferreira-Neto JRC, da Silva MD, Pandolfi V, Aburjaile FF, Sakamoto T, de Oliveira Silva RL, Kido EA, Barbosa Amorim LL, Ortega JM, Benko-Iseppon AM. Plant Aquaporins: Diversity, Evolution and Biotechnological Applications. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:368-395. [PMID: 30387391 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666181102095910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane forms a permeable barrier that separates the cytoplasm from the external environment, defining the physical and chemical limits in each cell in all organisms. The movement of molecules and ions into and out of cells is controlled by the plasma membrane as a critical process for cell stability and survival, maintaining essential differences between the composition of the extracellular fluid and the cytosol. In this process aquaporins (AQPs) figure as important actors, comprising highly conserved membrane proteins that carry water, glycerol and other hydrophilic molecules through biomembranes, including the cell wall and membranes of cytoplasmic organelles. While mammals have 15 types of AQPs described so far (displaying 18 paralogs), a single plant species can present more than 120 isoforms, providing transport of different types of solutes. Such aquaporins may be present in the whole plant or can be associated with different tissues or situations, including biotic and especially abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity or tolerance to soils rich in heavy metals, for instance. The present review addresses several aspects of plant aquaporins, from their structure, classification, and function, to in silico methodologies for their analysis and identification in transcriptomes and genomes. Aspects of evolution and diversification of AQPs (with a focus on plants) are approached for the first time with the aid of the LCA (Last Common Ancestor) analysis. Finally, the main practical applications involving the use of AQPs are discussed, including patents and future perspectives involving this important protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Bezerra-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flávia Czekalski de Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José R C Ferreira-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Manassés D da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flavia F Aburjaile
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tetsu Sakamoto
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roberta L de Oliveira Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ederson A Kido
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lidiane L Barbosa Amorim
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Campus Oeiras, Avenida Projetada, s/n, 64.500-000, Oeiras, Piauí, Brazil
| | - José M Ortega
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana M Benko-Iseppon
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Li W, Zhang D, Zhu G, Mi X, Guo W. Combining genome-wide and transcriptome-wide analyses reveal the evolutionary conservation and functional diversity of aquaporins in cotton. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:538. [PMID: 31262248 PMCID: PMC6604486 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins from a larger family of major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) and function in a huge variety of processes such as water transport, plant growth and stress response. The availability of the whole-genome data of different cotton species allows us to study systematic evolution and function of cotton AQPs on a genome-wide level. RESULTS Here, a total of 53, 58, 113 and 111 AQP genes were identified in G. arboreum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, respectively. A comprehensive analysis of cotton AQPs, involved in exon/intron structure, functional domains, phylogenetic relationships and gene duplications, divided these AQPs into five subfamilies (PIP, NIP, SIP, TIP and XIP). Comparative genome analysis among 30 species from algae to angiosperm as well as common tandem duplication events in 24 well-studied plants further revealed the evolutionary conservation of AQP family in the organism kingdom. Combining transcriptome analysis and Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) verification, most AQPs exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns both in G. raimondii and G. hirsutum. Meanwhile, a bias of time to peak expression of several AQPs was also detected after treating G. davidsonii and G. hirsutum with 200 mM NaCl. It is interesting that both PIP1;4 h/i/j and PIP2;2a/e showed the highly conserved tandem structure, but differentially contributed to tissue development and stress response in different cotton species. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that cotton AQPs were structural conservation while experienced the functional differentiation during the process of evolution and domestication. This study will further broaden our insights into the evolution and functional elucidation of AQP gene family in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Engineering Research Center of Hybrid Cotton Development Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Engineering Research Center of Hybrid Cotton Development Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Engineering Research Center of Hybrid Cotton Development Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Engineering Research Center of Hybrid Cotton Development Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Engineering Research Center of Hybrid Cotton Development Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Matiz A, Cambuí CA, Richet N, Mioto PT, Gomes F, Pikart FC, Chaumont F, Gaspar M, Mercier H. Involvement of aquaporins on nitrogen-acquisition strategies of juvenile and adult plants of an epiphytic tank-forming bromeliad. PLANTA 2019; 250:319-332. [PMID: 31030328 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Depending on the N source and plant ontogenetic state, the epiphytic tank-forming bromeliad Vriesea gigantea can modulate aquaporin expression to maximize the absorption of the most available nitrogen source. Epiphytic bromeliads frequently present a structure formed by the overlapping of leaf bases where water and nutrients can be accumulated and absorbed, called tank. However, this structure is not present during the juvenile ontogenetic phase, leading to differences in nutrient acquisition strategies. Recent studies have shown a high capacity of the bromeliad Vriesea gigantea, an epiphytic tank-forming bromeliad, to absorb urea by their leaves. Since plant aquaporins can facilitate the diffusion of urea through the membranes, we cloned three foliar aquaporin genes, VgPIP1;1, VgPIP1;2 and VgTIP2;1 from V. gigantea plants. Through functional studies, we observed that besides water, VgTIP2;1 was capable of transporting urea while VgPIP1;2 may facilitate ammonium/ammonia diffusion. Moreover, aiming at identifying urea and ammonium-induced changes in aquaporin expression in leaves of juvenile and adult-tank plants, we showed that VgPIP1;1 and VgPIP1;2 transcripts were up-regulated in response to either urea or ammonium only in juvenile plants, while VgTIP2;1 was up-regulated in response to urea only in adult-tank plants. Thereby, an ontogenetic shift from juvenile to adult-tank-forming-plant appears to occur with metabolic changes regarding nitrogen metabolism regulation. Investigating urea metabolism in wild species that naturally cope with organic N sources, such as V. gigantea, may provide the knowledge to modify nitrogen use efficiency of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Matiz
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Camila Aguetoni Cambuí
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Richet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Paulo Tamaso Mioto
- Department of Botany, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gomes
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Filipe Christian Pikart
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marília Gaspar
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Botany, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04301-912, Brazil
| | - Helenice Mercier
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
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Biomimetic Membranes with Transmembrane Proteins: State-of-the-Art in Transmembrane Protein Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061437. [PMID: 30901910 PMCID: PMC6472214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In biological cells, membrane proteins are the most crucial component for the maintenance of cell physiology and processes, including ion transportation, cell signaling, cell adhesion, and recognition of signal molecules. Therefore, researchers have proposed a number of membrane platforms to mimic the biological cell environment for transmembrane protein incorporation. The performance and selectivity of these transmembrane proteins based biomimetic platforms are far superior to those of traditional material platforms, but their lack of stability and scalability rule out their commercial presence. This review highlights the development of transmembrane protein-based biomimetic platforms for four major applications, which are biosensors, molecular interaction studies, energy harvesting, and water purification. We summarize the fundamental principles and recent progress in transmembrane protein biomimetic platforms for each application, discuss their limitations, and present future outlooks for industrial implementation.
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28
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Shivaraj SM, Deshmukh R, Sonah H, Bélanger RR. Identification and characterization of aquaporin genes in Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis genomes, the diploid progenitors of peanut. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:222. [PMID: 30885116 PMCID: PMC6423786 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate transport of water and small solutes across cell membranes and play an important role in different physiological processes in plants. Despite their importance, limited data is available about AQP distribution and function in the economically important oilseed crop peanut, Arachis hypogea (AABB). The present study reports the identification and structural and expression analysis of the AQPs found in the diploid progenitor genomes of A. hypogea i.e. Arachis duranensis (AA) and Arachis ipaensis (BB). RESULTS Genome-wide analysis revealed the presence of 32 and 36 AQPs in A. duranensis and A. ipaensis, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed similar numbers of AQPs clustered in five distinct subfamilies including the plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), the tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), the nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), the small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs), and the uncharacterized intrinsic proteins (XIPs). A notable exception was the XIP subfamily where XIP1 group was observed only in A. ipaensis genome. Protein structure evaluation showed a hydrophilic aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter (SF) in PIPs whereas other subfamilies mostly contained a hydrophobic ar/R SF. Both genomes contained one NIP2 with a GSGR SF indicating a conserved ability within the genus to uptake silicon. Analysis of RNA-seq data from A. hypogea revealed a similar expression pattern for the different AQP paralogs of AA and BB genomes. The TIP3s showed seed-specific expression while the NIP1s' expression was confined to roots and root nodules. CONCLUSIONS The identification and the phylogenetic analysis of AQPs in both Arachis species revealed the presence of all five sub-families of AQPs. Within the NIP subfamily, the presence of a NIP2 in both genomes supports a conserved ability to absorb Si within plants of the genus. The global expression profile of AQPs in A. hypogea revealed a similar pattern of AQP expression regardless of the subfamilies or the genomes. The tissue-specific expression of AQPs suggests an important role in the development and function of the respective organs. The AQPs identified in the present study will serve as a resource for further characterization and possible exploitation of AQPs to understand their physiological role in A. hypogea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Shivaraj
- Département de phytologie–Faculté des Sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l’Agriculture, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Richard R. Bélanger
- Département de phytologie–Faculté des Sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l’Agriculture, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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29
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Wu X, Ding C, Baerson SR, Lian F, Lin X, Zhang L, Wu C, Hwang SY, Zeng R, Song Y. The roles of jasmonate signalling in nitrogen uptake and allocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:659-672. [PMID: 30251262 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore damage by chewing insects activates jasmonate (JA) signalling that can elicit systemic defense responses in rice. Few details are known, however, concerning the mechanism, whereby JA signalling modulates nutrient status in rice in response to herbivory. (15 NH4 )2 SO4 labelling experiments, proteomic surveys, and RT-qPCR analyses were used to identify the roles of JA signalling in nitrogen (N) uptake and allocation in rice plants. Exogenous applications of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to rice seedlings led to significantly reduced N uptake in roots and reduced translocation of recently-absorbed 15 N from roots to leaves, likely occurring as a result of down-regulation of glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1-2 and ferredoxin-nitrite reductase. Shoot MeJA treatment resulted in a remobilization of endogenous unlabelled 14 N from leaves to roots, and root MeJA treatment also increased 14 N accumulation in roots but did not affect 14 N accumulation in leaves of rice. Additionally, proteomic and RT-qPCR experiments showed that JA-mediated plastid disassembly and dehydrogenases GDH2 up-regulation contribute to N release in leaves to support production of defensive proteins/compounds under N-limited condition. Collectively, our results indicate that JA signalling mediates large-scale systemic changes in N uptake and allocation in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Scott R Baerson
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Oxford, Mississippi
| | - Fazhuo Lian
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Choufei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Shaw-Yhi Hwang
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Li Y, Li W, Zhang H, Dong R, Li D, Liu Y, Huang L, Lei B. Biomimetic preparation of silicon quantum dots and their phytophysiology effect on cucumber seedlings. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1107-1115. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02981d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a biomimetic synthetic strategy was proposed for a facile preparation of red fluorescent silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) using unicellular algae of diatoms as reaction precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- P. R. China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- P. R. China
| | - Riyue Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- P. R. China
| | - Dongna Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- P. R. China
| | - Yingliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- P. R. China
| | - Ling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
| | - Bingfu Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- P. R. China
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Calamita G, Perret J, Delporte C. Aquaglyceroporins: Drug Targets for Metabolic Diseases? Front Physiol 2018; 9:851. [PMID: 30042691 PMCID: PMC6048697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane channel proteins facilitating the transport of water, small solutes, and gasses across biological membranes. AQPs are expressed in all tissues and ensure multiple roles under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Aquaglyceroporins are a subfamily of AQPs permeable to glycerol in addition to water and participate thereby to energy metabolism. This review focalizes on the present knowledge of the expression, regulation and physiological roles of AQPs in adipose tissue, liver and endocrine pancreas, that are involved in energy metabolism. In addition, the review aims at summarizing the involvement of AQPs in metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes and liver diseases. Finally, challenges and recent advances related to pharmacological modulation of AQPs expression and function to control and treat metabolic diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Jason Perret
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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De Ieso ML, Yool AJ. Mechanisms of Aquaporin-Facilitated Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Front Chem 2018; 6:135. [PMID: 29922644 PMCID: PMC5996923 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and its incidence is rising with numbers expected to increase 70% in the next two decades. The fact that current mainline treatments for cancer patients are accompanied by debilitating side effects prompts a growing demand for new therapies that not only inhibit growth and proliferation of cancer cells, but also control invasion and metastasis. One class of targets gaining international attention is the aquaporins, a family of membrane-spanning water channels with diverse physiological functions and extensive tissue-specific distributions in humans. Aquaporins−1,−2,−3,−4,−5,−8, and−9 have been linked to roles in cancer invasion, and metastasis, but their mechanisms of action remain to be fully defined. Aquaporins are implicated in the metastatic cascade in processes of angiogenesis, cellular dissociation, migration, and invasion. Cancer invasion and metastasis are proposed to be potentiated by aquaporins in boosting tumor angiogenesis, enhancing cell volume regulation, regulating cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, interacting with actin cytoskeleton, regulating proteases and extracellular-matrix degrading molecules, contributing to the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, and interacting with signaling pathways enabling motility and invasion. Pharmacological modulators of aquaporin channels are being identified and tested for therapeutic potential, including compounds derived from loop diuretics, metal-containing organic compounds, plant natural products, and other small molecules. Further studies on aquaporin-dependent functions in cancer metastasis are needed to define the differential contributions of different classes of aquaporin channels to regulation of fluid balance, cell volume, small solute transport, signal transduction, their possible relevance as rate limiting steps, and potential values as therapeutic targets for invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L De Ieso
- Department of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Department of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Boo MV, Hiong KC, Goh EJK, Choo CYL, Wong WP, Chew SF, Ip YK. The ctenidium of the giant clam, Tridacna squamosa, expresses an ammonium transporter 1 that displays light-suppressed gene and protein expression and may be involved in ammonia excretion. J Comp Physiol B 2018; 188:765-777. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-018-1161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Macho-Rivero MA, Herrera-Rodríguez MB, Brejcha R, Schäffner AR, Tanaka N, Fujiwara T, González-Fontes A, Camacho-Cristóbal JJ. Boron Toxicity Reduces Water Transport from Root to Shoot in Arabidopsis Plants. Evidence for a Reduced Transpiration Rate and Expression of Major PIP Aquaporin Genes. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:836-844. [PMID: 29415257 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Toxic boron (B) concentrations cause impairments in several plant metabolic and physiological processes. Recently we reported that B toxicity led to a decrease in the transpiration rate of Arabidopsis plants in an ABA-dependent process within 24 h, which could indicate the occurrence of an adjustment of whole-plant water relations in response to this stress. Since plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) aquaporins are key components influencing the water balance of plants because of their involvement in root water uptake and tissue hydraulic conductance, the aim of the present work was to study the effects of B toxicity on these important parameters affecting plant water status over a longer period of time. For this purpose, transpiration rate, water transport to the shoot and transcript levels of genes encoding four major PIP aquaporins were measured in Arabidopsis plants treated or not with a toxic B concentration. Our results indicate that, during the first 24 h of B toxicity, increased shoot ABA content would play a key role in reducing stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and, consequently, the water transport to the shoot. These physiological responses to B toxicity were maintained for up to 48 h of B toxicity despite shoot ABA content returning to control levels. In addition, B toxicity also caused the down-regulation of several genes encoding root and shoot aquaporins, which could reduce the cell to cell movement of water in plant tissues and, consequently, the water flux to shoot. All these changes in the water balance of plants under B toxicity could be a mechanism to prevent excess B accumulation in plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Macho-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - M Begoña Herrera-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Ramona Brejcha
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nobuhiro Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Agustín González-Fontes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Juan J Camacho-Cristóbal
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain
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Aquaporin Membrane Channels in Oxidative Stress, Cell Signaling, and Aging: Recent Advances and Research Trends. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1501847. [PMID: 29770164 PMCID: PMC5892239 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1501847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a result of aerobic metabolism and as by-products through numerous physiological and biochemical processes. While ROS-dependent modifications are fundamental in transducing intracellular signals controlling pleiotropic functions, imbalanced ROS can cause oxidative damage, eventually leading to many chronic diseases. Moreover, increased ROS and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability are main key factors in dysfunctions underlying aging, frailty, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Extensive investigation aims to elucidate the beneficial effects of ROS and NO, providing novel insights into the current medical treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases of high epidemiological impact. This review focuses on emerging topics encompassing the functional involvement of aquaporin channel proteins (AQPs) and membrane transport systems, also allowing permeation of NO and hydrogen peroxide, a major ROS, in oxidative stress physiology and pathophysiology. The most recent advances regarding the modulation exerted by food phytocompounds with antioxidant action on AQPs are also reviewed.
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Stahl K, Rahmani S, Prydz A, Skauli N, MacAulay N, Mylonakou MN, Torp R, Skare Ø, Berg T, Leergaard TB, Paulsen RE, Ottersen OP, Amiry-Moghaddam M. Targeted deletion of the aquaglyceroporin AQP9 is protective in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194896. [PMID: 29566083 PMCID: PMC5864064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 90% of the cases of Parkinson’s disease have unknown etiology. Gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra is the main cause of morbidity in this disease. External factors such as environmental toxins are believed to play a role in the cell loss, although the cause of the selective vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons remains unknown. We have previously shown that aquaglyceroporin AQP9 is expressed in dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes of rodent brain. AQP9 is permeable to a broad spectrum of substrates including purines, pyrimidines, and lactate, in addition to water and glycerol. Here we test our hypothesis that AQP9 serves as an influx route for exogenous toxins and, hence, may contribute to the selective vulnerability of nigral dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase-positive) neurons. Using Xenopus oocytes injected with Aqp9 cRNA, we show that AQP9 is permeable to the parkinsonogenic toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Stable expression of AQP9 in HEK cells increases their vulnerability to MPP+ and to arsenite—another parkinsonogenic toxin. Conversely, targeted deletion of Aqp9 in mice protects nigral dopaminergic neurons against MPP+ toxicity. A protective effect of Aqp9 deletion was demonstrated in organotypic slice cultures of mouse midbrain exposed to MPP+in vitro and in mice subjected to intrastriatal injections of MPP+in vivo. Seven days after intrastriatal MPP+ injections, the population of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in substantia nigra is reduced by 48% in Aqp9 knockout mice compared with 67% in WT littermates. Our results show that AQP9 –selectively expressed in catecholaminergic neurons—is permeable to MPP+ and suggest that this aquaglyceroporin contributes to the selective vulnerability of nigral dopaminergic neurons by providing an entry route for parkinsonogenic toxins. To our knowledge this is the first evidence implicating a toxin permeable membrane channel in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacokinetics
- Animals
- Aquaporins/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects
- Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- MPTP Poisoning/genetics
- MPTP Poisoning/metabolism
- MPTP Poisoning/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Neuroprotection/genetics
- Neuroprotective Agents/metabolism
- Parkinson Disease/genetics
- Parkinson Disease/pathology
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/genetics
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/metabolism
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/pathology
- Substantia Nigra/drug effects
- Substantia Nigra/metabolism
- Xenopus laevis
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Stahl
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Soulmaz Rahmani
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Agnete Prydz
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Skauli
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria N. Mylonakou
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, Norway Biotechnology Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidun Torp
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øivind Skare
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Berg
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve B. Leergaard
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild E. Paulsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole P. Ottersen
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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37
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Lindahl V, Gourdon P, Andersson M, Hess B. Permeability and ammonia selectivity in aquaporin TIP2;1: linking structure to function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2995. [PMID: 29445244 PMCID: PMC5813003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin TIP2;1 is a protein channel permeable to both water and ammonia. The structural origin of ammonia selectivity remains obscure, but experiments have revealed that a double mutation renders it impermeable to ammonia without affecting water permeability. Here, we aim to reproduce and explain these observations by performing an extensive mutational study using microsecond long molecular dynamics simulations, applying the two popular force fields CHARMM36 and Amber ff99SB-ILDN. We calculate permeabilities and free energies along the channel axis for ammonia and water. For one force field, the permeability of the double mutant decreases by a factor of 2.5 for water and 4 for ammonia, increasing water selectivity by a factor of 1.6. We attribute this effect to decreased entropy of water in the pore, due to the observed increase in pore-water interactions and narrower pore. Additionally, we observe spontaneous opening and closing of the pore on the cytosolic side, which suggests a gating mechanism for the pore. Our results show that sampling methods and simulation times are sufficient to delineate even subtle effects of mutations on structure and function and to capture important long-timescale events, but also underline the importance of improving models further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viveca Lindahl
- Department of Physics and Swedish e-Science Research Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Andersson
- Department of Physics and Swedish e-Science Research Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berk Hess
- Department of Physics and Swedish e-Science Research Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
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38
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Gao L, Lu Z, Ding L, Guo J, Wang M, Ling N, Guo S, Shen Q. Role of Aquaporins in Determining Carbon and Nitrogen Status in Higher Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E35. [PMID: 29342938 PMCID: PMC5795985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins facilitating the transport of water and some small neutral molecules across cell membranes. In past years, much effort has been made to reveal the location of AQPs as well as their function in water transport, photosynthetic processes, and stress responses in higher plants. In the present review, we paid attention to the character of AQPs in determining carbon and nitrogen status. The role of AQPs during photosynthesis is characterized as its function in transporting water and CO₂ across the membrane of chloroplast and thylakoid; recalculated results from published studies showed that over-expression of AQPs contributed to 25% and 50% increases in stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm), respectively. The nitrogen status in plants is regulated by AQPs through their effect on water flow as well as urea and NH₄⁺ uptake, and the potential role of AQPs in alleviating ammonium toxicity is discussed. At the same time, root and/or shoot AQP expression is quite dependent on both N supply amounts and forms. Future research directions concerning the function of AQPs in regulating plant carbon and nitrogen status as well as C/N balance are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lei Ding
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium.
| | - Junjie Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ning Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Maines E, Piccoli G, Pascarella A, Colucci F, Burlina AB. Inherited hyperammonemias: a Contemporary view on pathogenesis and diagnosis. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1409108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Maines
- Pediatric Unit, Provincial Centre for Rare Diseases, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- CIBIO - Centre for integrative biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Italy & Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Trento, Italy
| | - Antonia Pascarella
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Reference Centre Expanded Newborn Screening, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Colucci
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Reference Centre Expanded Newborn Screening, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto B. Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Reference Centre Expanded Newborn Screening, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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40
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Purification and functional comparison of nine human Aquaporins produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the purpose of biophysical characterization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16899. [PMID: 29203835 PMCID: PMC5715081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The sparse number of high-resolution human membrane protein structures severely restricts our comprehension of molecular physiology and ability to exploit rational drug design. In the search for a standardized, cheap and easily handled human membrane protein production platform, we thoroughly investigated the capacity of S. cerevisiae to deliver high yields of prime quality human AQPs, focusing on poorly characterized members including some previously shown to be difficult to isolate. Exploiting GFP labeled forms we comprehensively optimized production and purification procedures resulting in satisfactory yields of all nine AQP targets. We applied the obtained knowledge to successfully upscale purification of histidine tagged human AQP10 produced in large bioreactors. Glycosylation analysis revealed that AQP7 and 12 were O-glycosylated, AQP10 was N-glycosylated while the other AQPs were not glycosylated. We furthermore performed functional characterization and found that AQP 2, 6 and 8 allowed flux of water whereas AQP3, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 12 also facilitated a glycerol flux. In conclusion, our S. cerevisiae platform emerges as a powerful tool for isolation of functional, difficult-to-express human membrane proteins suitable for biophysical characterization.
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41
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Pozdeev VI, Lang E, Görg B, Bidmon HJ, Shinde PV, Kircheis G, Herebian D, Pfeffer K, Lang F, Häussinger D, Lang KS, Lang PA. TNFα induced up-regulation of Na +,K +,2Cl - cotransporter NKCC1 in hepatic ammonia clearance and cerebral ammonia toxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7938. [PMID: 28801579 PMCID: PMC5554233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The devastating consequences of hepatic failure include hepatic encephalopathy, a severe, life threatening impairment of neuronal function. Hepatic encephalopathy is caused by impaired hepatic clearance of NH4+. Cellular NH4+ uptake is accomplished mainly by the Na+,K+,2Cl− cotransporter. Here we show that hepatic clearance of NH4+ is impaired in TNFα deficient as well as TNFR1&TNFR2 double knockout mice, which both develop hyperammonemia. Despite impaired hepatic clearance of NH4+, TNFα deficient mice and TNFR1 deficient mice were protected against acute ammonia intoxication. While 54% of the wild-type mice and 60% of TNFR2 deficient mice survived an NH4+ load, virtually all TNFα deficient mice and TNFR1 deficient mice survived the treatment. Conversely, TNFα treatment of wild type mice sensitized the animals to the toxic effects of an NH4+ load. The protection of TNFα-deficient mice against an NH4+ load was paralleled by decreased cerebral expression of NKCC1. According to the present observations, inhibition of TNFα formation and/or NKCC1 may be strategies to favorably influence the clinical course of hepatic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly I Pozdeev
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Boris Görg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans J Bidmon
- C.&O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Prashant V Shinde
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerald Kircheis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine- University Düsseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard-Karls Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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42
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Bose J, Munns R, Shabala S, Gilliham M, Pogson B, Tyerman SD. Chloroplast function and ion regulation in plants growing on saline soils: lessons from halophytes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3129-3143. [PMID: 28472512 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress impacts multiple aspects of plant metabolism and physiology. For instance it inhibits photosynthesis through stomatal limitation, causes excessive accumulation of sodium and chloride in chloroplasts, and disturbs chloroplast potassium homeostasis. Most research on salt stress has focused primarily on cytosolic ion homeostasis with few studies of how salt stress affects chloroplast ion homeostasis. This review asks the question whether membrane-transport processes and ionic relations are differentially regulated between glycophyte and halophyte chloroplasts and whether this contributes to the superior salt tolerance of halophytes. The available literature indicates that halophytes can overcome stomatal limitation by switching to CO2 concentrating mechanisms and increasing the number of chloroplasts per cell under saline conditions. Furthermore, salt entry into the chloroplast stroma may be critical for grana formation and photosystem II activity in halophytes but not in glycophytes. Salt also inhibits some stromal enzymes (e.g. fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) to a lesser extent in halophyte species. Halophytes accumulate more chloride in chloroplasts than glycophytes and appear to use sodium in functional roles. We propose the molecular identities of candidate transporters that move sodium, chloride and potassium across chloroplast membranes and discuss how their operation may regulate photochemistry and photosystem I and II activity in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Bose
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Rana Munns
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Barry Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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43
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Byrt CS, Zhao M, Kourghi M, Bose J, Henderson SW, Qiu J, Gilliham M, Schultz C, Schwarz M, Ramesh SA, Yool A, Tyerman S. Non-selective cation channel activity of aquaporin AtPIP2;1 regulated by Ca 2+ and pH. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:802-815. [PMID: 27620834 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aquaporin AtPIP2;1 is an abundant plasma membrane intrinsic protein in Arabidopsis thaliana that is implicated in stomatal closure, and is highly expressed in plasma membranes of root epidermal cells. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, AtPIP2;1 increased water permeability and induced a non-selective cation conductance mainly associated with Na+ . A mutation in the water pore, G103W, prevented both the ionic conductance and water permeability of PIP2;1. Co-expression of AtPIP2;1 with AtPIP1;2 increased water permeability but abolished the ionic conductance. AtPIP2;2 (93% identical to AtPIP2;1) similarly increased water permeability but not ionic conductance. The ionic conductance was inhibited by the application of extracellular Ca2+ and Cd2+ , with Ca2+ giving a biphasic dose-response with a prominent IC50 of 0.32 mм comparable with a previous report of Ca2+ sensitivity of a non-selective cation channel (NSCC) in Arabidopsis root protoplasts. Low external pH also inhibited ionic conductance (IC50 pH 6.8). Xenopus oocytes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing AtPIP2;1 accumulated more Na+ than controls. Establishing whether AtPIP2;1 has dual ion and water permeability in planta will be important in understanding the roles of this aquaporin and if AtPIP2;1 is a candidate for a previously reported NSCC responsible for Ca2+ and pH sensitive Na+ entry into roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S Byrt
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Manchun Zhao
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Mohamad Kourghi
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Jayakumar Bose
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Sam W Henderson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Jiaen Qiu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Carolyn Schultz
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Manuel Schwarz
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Sunita A Ramesh
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Andrea Yool
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Steve Tyerman
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
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44
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Kadam S, Abril A, Dhanapal AP, Koester RP, Vermerris W, Jose S, Fritschi FB. Characterization and Regulation of Aquaporin Genes of Sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in Response to Waterlogging Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:862. [PMID: 28611797 PMCID: PMC5447673 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging is a significant environmental constraint to crop production, and a better understanding of plant responses is critical for the improvement of crop tolerance to waterlogged soils. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a class of channel-forming proteins that play an important role in water transport in plants. This study aimed to examine the regulation of AQP genes under waterlogging stress and to characterize the genetic variability of AQP genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Transcriptional profiling of AQP genes in response to waterlogging stress in nodal root tips and nodal root basal regions of two tolerant and two sensitive sorghum genotypes at 18 and 96 h after waterlogging stress imposition revealed significant gene-specific pattern with regard to genotype, root tissue sample, and time point. For some tissue sample and time point combinations, PIP2-6, PIP2-7, TIP2-2, TIP4-4, and TIP5-1 expression was differentially regulated in tolerant compared to sensitive genotypes. The differential response of these AQP genes suggests that they may play a tissue specific role in mitigating waterlogging stress. Genetic analysis of sorghum revealed that AQP genes were clustered into the same four subfamilies as in maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) and that residues determining the AQP channel specificity were largely conserved across species. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 50 sorghum accessions were used to build an AQP gene-based phylogeny of the haplotypes. Phylogenetic analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms of sorghum AQP genes placed the tolerant and sensitive genotypes used for the expression study in distinct groups. Expression analyses suggested that selected AQPs may play a pivotal role in sorghum tolerance to water logging stress. Further experimentation is needed to verify their role and to leverage phylogenetic analyses and AQP expression data to improve waterlogging tolerance in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Kadam
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, ColumbiaMO, United States
| | - Alejandra Abril
- Graduate Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, United States
| | - Arun P. Dhanapal
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, ColumbiaMO, United States
| | - Robert P. Koester
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, ColumbiaMO, United States
| | - Wilfred Vermerris
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science – Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, United States
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, United States
| | - Shibu Jose
- The Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, ColumbiaMO, United States
| | - Felix B. Fritschi
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, ColumbiaMO, United States
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Rodriguez-Grande B, Konsman JP. Gas Diffusion in the CNS. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:207-218. [PMID: 28504343 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gases have been long known to have essential physiological functions in the CNS such as respiration or regulation of vascular tone. Since gases have been classically considered to freely diffuse, research in gas biology has so far focused on mechanisms of gas synthesis and gas reactivity, rather than gas diffusion and transport. However, the discovery of gas pores during the last two decades and the characterization of diverse diffusion patterns through different membranes has raised the possibility that modulation of gas diffusion is also a physiologically relevant parameter. Here we review the means of gas movement into and within the brain through "free" diffusion and gas pores, notably aquaporins, discussing the role that gas diffusion may play in the modulation of gas function. We highlight how diffusion is relevant to neuronal signaling, volume transmission, and cerebrovascular control in the case of NO, one of the most extensively studied gases. We point out how facilitated transport can be especially relevant for gases with low permeability in lipid membranes like NH3 and discuss the possible implications of NH3 -permeable channels in physiology and hyperammonemic encephalopathy. We identify novel research questions about how modulation of gas diffusion could intervene in CNS pathologies. This emerging area of research can provide novel and interesting insights in the field of gas biology.
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Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression profile of aquaporin gene family in flax (Linum usitatissimum). Sci Rep 2017; 7:46137. [PMID: 28447607 PMCID: PMC5406838 DOI: 10.1038/srep46137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane intrinsic proteins (MIPs) form transmembrane channels and facilitate transport of myriad substrates across the cell membrane in many organisms. Majority of plant MIPs have water transporting ability and are commonly referred as aquaporins (AQPs). In the present study, we identified aquaporin coding genes in flax by genome-wide analysis, their structure, function and expression pattern by pan-genome exploration. Cross-genera phylogenetic analysis with known aquaporins from rice, arabidopsis, and poplar showed five subgroups of flax aquaporins representing 16 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), 17 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), 13 NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), 2 small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs), and 3 uncharacterized intrinsic proteins (XIPs). Amongst aquaporins, PIPs contained hydrophilic aromatic arginine (ar/R) selective filter but TIP, NIP, SIP and XIP subfamilies mostly contained hydrophobic ar/R selective filter. Analysis of RNA-seq and microarray data revealed high expression of PIPs in multiple tissues, low expression of NIPs, and seed specific expression of TIP3 in flax. Exploration of aquaporin homologs in three closely related Linum species bienne, grandiflorum and leonii revealed presence of 49, 39 and 19 AQPs, respectively. The genome-wide identification of aquaporins, first in flax, provides insight to elucidate their physiological and developmental roles in flax.
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Abstract
Acid-base homeostasis is critical to maintenance of normal health. Renal ammonia excretion is the quantitatively predominant component of renal net acid excretion, both under basal conditions and in response to acid-base disturbances. Although titratable acid excretion also contributes to renal net acid excretion, the quantitative contribution of titratable acid excretion is less than that of ammonia under basal conditions and is only a minor component of the adaptive response to acid-base disturbances. In contrast to other urinary solutes, ammonia is produced in the kidney and then is selectively transported either into the urine or the renal vein. The proportion of ammonia that the kidney produces that is excreted in the urine varies dramatically in response to physiological stimuli, and only urinary ammonia excretion contributes to acid-base homeostasis. As a result, selective and regulated renal ammonia transport by renal epithelial cells is central to acid-base homeostasis. Both molecular forms of ammonia, NH3 and NH4+, are transported by specific proteins, and regulation of these transport processes determines the eventual fate of the ammonia produced. In this review, we discuss these issues, and then discuss in detail the specific proteins involved in renal epithelial cell ammonia transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- I David Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and Nephrology and Hypertension Section, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jill W Verlander
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and Nephrology and Hypertension Section, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida
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Ariz-Extreme I, Hub JS. Potential of Mean Force Calculations of Solute Permeation Across UT-B and AQP1: A Comparison between Molecular Dynamics and 3D-RISM. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1506-1519. [PMID: 28128570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Membrane channels facilitate the efficient and selective flux of various solutes across biological membranes. A common approach to investigate the selectivity of a channel has been the calculation of potentials of mean force (PMFs) for solute permeation across the pore. PMFs have been frequently computed from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, yet the three-dimensional reference interaction site model (3D-RISM) has been suggested as a computationally efficient alternative to MD. Whether the two methods yield comparable PMFs for solute permeation has remained unclear. In this study, we calculated potentials of mean force for water, ammonia, urea, molecular oxygen, and methanol across the urea transporter B (UT-B) and aquaporin-1 (AQP1), using 3D-RISM, as well as using MD simulations and umbrella sampling. To allow direct comparison between the PMFs from 3D-RISM and MD, we ensure that all PMFs refer to a well-defined reference area in the bulk or, equivalently, to a well-defined density of channels in the membrane. For PMFs of water permeation, we found reasonable agreement between the two methods, with differences of ≲3 kJ mol-1. In contrast, we found stark discrepancies for the PMFs for all other solutes. Additional calculations confirm that discrepancies between MD and 3D-RISM are not explained by the choice for the closure relation, the definition the reaction coordinate (center of mass-based versus atomic site-based), details of the molecule force field, or fluctuations of the protein. Comparison of the PMFs suggests that 3D-RISM may underestimate effects from hydrophobic solute-channel interactions, thereby, for instance, missing the urea binding sites in UT-B. Furthermore, we speculate that the orientational averages inherent to 3D-RISM might lead to discrepancies in the narrow channel lumen. These findings suggest that current 3D-RISM solvers provide reasonable estimates for the PMF for water permeation, but that they are not suitable to study the selectivity of membrane channels with respect to uncharged nonwater solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ariz-Extreme
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität , 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen S Hub
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität , 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Shivaraj SM, Deshmukh R, Bhat JA, Sonah H, Bélanger RR. Understanding Aquaporin Transport System in Eelgrass ( Zostera marina L.), an Aquatic Plant Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1334. [PMID: 28824671 PMCID: PMC5541012 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a class of integral membrane proteins involved in the transport of water and many other small solutes. The AQPs have been extensively studied in many land species obtaining water and nutrients from the soil, but their distribution and evolution have never been investigated in aquatic plant species, where solute assimilation is mostly through the leaves. In this regard, identification of AQPs in the genome of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass), an aquatic ecological model species could reveal important differences underlying solute uptake between land and aquatic species. In the present study, genome-wide analysis led to the identification of 25 AQPs belonging to four subfamilies, plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs) in eelgrass. As in other monocots, the XIP subfamily was found to be absent from the eelgrass genome. Further classification of subfamilies revealed a unique distribution pattern, namely the loss of the NIP2 (NIP-III) subgroup, which is known for silicon (Si) transport activity and ubiquitously present in monocot species. This finding has great importance, since the eelgrass population stability in natural niche is reported to be associated with Si concentrations in water. In addition, analysis of available RNA-seq data showed evidence of expression in 24 out of the 25 AQPs across four different tissues such as root, vegetative tissue, male flower and female flower. In contrast to land plants, higher expression of PIPs was observed in shoot compared to root tissues. This is likely explained by the unique plant architecture of eelgrass where most of the nutrients and water are absorbed by shoot rather than root tissues. Similarly, higher expression of the TIP1 and TIP5 families was observed specifically in male flowers suggesting a role in pollen maturation. This genome-wide analysis of AQP distribution, evolution and expression dynamics can find relevance in understanding the adaptation of aquatic and land species to their respective environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Shivaraj
- National Research Centre on Plant BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Département de Phytologie–Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval, QuébecQC, Canada
| | - Javaid A. Bhat
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, The Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- Département de Phytologie–Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval, QuébecQC, Canada
| | - Richard R. Bélanger
- Département de Phytologie–Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval, QuébecQC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Richard R. Bélanger,
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