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Baldwin SN, Jepps TA, Greenwood IA. Cycling matters: Sex hormone regulation of vascular potassium channels. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2217637. [PMID: 37243715 PMCID: PMC10228406 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2217637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones and the reproductive cycle (estrus in rodents and menstrual in humans) have a known impact on arterial function. In spite of this, sex hormones and the estrus/menstrual cycle are often neglected experimental factors in vascular basic preclinical scientific research. Recent research by our own laboratory indicates that cyclical changes in serum concentrations of sex -hormones across the rat estrus cycle, primary estradiol, have significant consequences for the subcellular trafficking and function of KV. Vascular potassium channels, including KV, are essential components of vascular reactivity. Our study represents a small part of a growing field of literature aimed at determining the role of sex hormones in regulating arterial ion channel function. This review covers key findings describing the current understanding of sex hormone regulation of vascular potassium channels, with a focus on KV channels. Further, we highlight areas of research where the estrus cycle should be considered in future studies to determine the consequences of physiological oscillations in concentrations of sex hormones on vascular potassium channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Baldwin
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Jepps
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iain A Greenwood
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George’s University of London, London, UK
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2
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Liu L, Xu W, Li K, Hu Y, Shen L, Zhang H, Wang Y. Kv1.3 mediates ox-LDL-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 746:109719. [PMID: 37591369 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Kv1.3 channel has been shown to participate in regulating inflammatory activation, proliferation and apoptosis in several cell types. However, most of those existing studies focused on the ion-conducting properties of Kv1.3 in maintaining the resting potential and regulating Ca2+ influx. The aim of our study was to explore whether the Kv1.3-JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was involved in oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. VSMCs from mouse aorta were cultured and treated with ox-LDL (25 μg/mL). The cell counting kit-8 was used to assess cell proliferation, and western blotting was performed to detect expression levels of Kv1.3, JAK2/STAT3, phosphorylated JAK2/STAT3, cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 in treated VSMCs. VSMCs were transfected with Kv1.3 small interfering RNA (Kv1.3-siRNA) or infected with a Kv1.3 lentiviral expression vector (Lv-Kv1.3) and treated with a JAK2 inhibitor LY2784544 to assess the role of Kv1.3 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling in mediating VSMC proliferation induced by ox-LDL. Ox-LDL induced cell proliferation and upregulated the expression of Kv1.3 in mouse VSMCs. In VSMCs transfected with Kv1.3-siRNA, ox-LDL was not efficient in inducing cell proliferation or the levels of proliferation associated proteins, cyclin B1 and cyclin D1. However, cell proliferation, cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 levels increased in VSMCs infected with Lv-Kv1.3. Levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 were increased in ox-LDL-treated VSMCs, and this increase was prevented in VSMCs transfected with Kv1.3-siRNA. Treatment with the JAK2 inhibitor LY2784544 also prevented the increase in VSMCs proliferation treated with ox-LDL. Our findings demonstrated that Kv1.3 promoted proliferation of VSMCs treated with ox-LDL, and that this effect might be mediated through activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Kaiwen Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China.
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Inka2 expression in smooth muscle cells and its involvement in cell migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 643:55-60. [PMID: 36586159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cell motility of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is essential for vascular and internal organ development and tissue regeneration in response to damage. Cell migration requires dynamic changes in the actin-cytoskeleton via the p-21 activated kinase (Pak)-Cofilin signaling cascade, which is the central axis of the actin filaments. We previously identified that the Inka2 gene was preferentially expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and revealed that Inka2 directly binds Pak4 to suppress its kinase activity, thereby regulating actin de-polymerization in dendritic spine formation of the forebrain neurons. However, its physiological significance outside the CNS remains unclear. Here we determined the Inka2 expression profile in various organs using in situ hybridization analysis and lacZ staining on Inka2flox/+ mice. Robust Inka2 expression was consistently detected in the SMCs of many peripheral organs, including the arteries, esophagus, stomach, intestine, and bladder. The scratch assay was used on primary cultured SMCs and revealed that Inka2-/- SMC exhibits accelerated cell migration ability without a change in the cell proliferation rate. Inka2-/- SMCs displayed Cofilin activation/phosphorylation, a downstream molecule of Pak4 signal cascade. These results suggest that Inka2 regulates SMC motility through modulating actin reorganization as the endogenous inhibitor of Pak4.
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The Kv1.3 K + channel in the immune system and its "precision pharmacology" using peptide toxins. Biol Futur 2021; 72:75-83. [PMID: 34554500 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the Kv1.3 voltage-gated K+ channel in human T cells in 1984, ion channels are considered crucial elements of the signal transduction machinery in the immune system. Our knowledge about Kv1.3 and its inhibitors is outstanding, motivated by their potential application in autoimmune diseases mediated by Kv1.3 overexpressing effector memory T cells (e.g., Multiple Sclerosis). High affinity Kv1.3 inhibitors are either small organic molecules (e.g., Pap-1) or peptides isolated from venomous animals. To date, the highest affinity Kv1.3 inhibitors with the best Kv1.3 selectivity are the engineered analogues of the sea anemone peptide ShK (e.g., ShK-186), the engineered scorpion toxin HsTx1[R14A] and the natural scorpion toxin Vm24. These peptides inhibit Kv1.3 in picomolar concentrations and are several thousand-fold selective for Kv1.3 over other biologically critical ion channels. Despite the significant progress in the field of Kv1.3 molecular pharmacology several progressive questions remain to be elucidated and discussed here. These include the conjugation of the peptides to carriers to increase the residency time of the peptides in the circulation (e.g., PEGylation and engineering the peptides into antibodies), use of rational drug design to create novel peptide inhibitors and understanding the potential off-target effects of Kv1.3 inhibition.
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miR-126 contributes to the epigenetic signature of diabetic vascular smooth muscle and enhances antirestenosis effects of Kv1.3 blockers. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101306. [PMID: 34298200 PMCID: PMC8363881 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Restenosis after vessel angioplasty due to dedifferentiation of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) limits the success of surgical treatment of vascular occlusions. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has a major impact on restenosis, with patients exhibiting more aggressive forms of vascular disease and poorer outcomes after surgery. Kv1.3 channels are critical players in VSMC proliferation. Kv1.3 blockers inhibit VSMCs MEK/ERK signalling and prevent vessel restenosis. We hypothesize that dysregulation of microRNAs (miR) play critical roles in adverse remodelling, contributing to Kv1.3 blockers efficacy in T2DM VSMCs. Methods and results We used clinically relevant in vivo models of vascular risk factors (VRF) and vessels and VSMCs from T2DM patients. Resukts Human T2DM vessels showed increased remodelling, and changes persisted in culture, with augmented VSMCs migration and proliferation. Moreover, there were downregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and upregulation of MEK/ERK pathways, with increased miR-126 expression. The inhibitory effects of Kv1.3 blockers on remodelling were significantly enhanced in T2DM VSMCs and in VRF model. Finally, miR-126 overexpression confered “diabetic” phenotype to non-T2DM VSMCs by downregulating PI3K/AKT axis. Conclusions miR-126 plays crucial roles in T2DM VSMC metabolic memory through activation of MEK/ERK pathway, enhancing the efficacy of Kv1.3 blockers in the prevention of restenosis in T2DM patients. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) vessels show exacerbated remodeling in organ culture and increased Kv1.3 expression. The inhibition of vessel remodeling with Kv1.3 blockers is increased in T2DM vessels. VSMCs from T2DM patients retain epigenetic changes in primary cultures. Upregulation of miR-126 contributes to the metabolic memory of T2DM VSMCs. Upregulation of miR-126 potentiates Kv1.3-dependent mechanisms in T2DM VSMCs.
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Styles FL, Al-Owais MM, Scragg JL, Chuntharpursat-Bon E, Hettiarachchi NT, Lippiat JD, Minard A, Bon RS, Porter K, Sukumar P, Peers C, Roberts LD. Kv1.3 voltage-gated potassium channels link cellular respiration to proliferation through a non-conducting mechanism. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:372. [PMID: 33828089 PMCID: PMC8027666 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular energy metabolism is fundamental for all biological functions. Cellular proliferation requires extensive metabolic reprogramming and has a high energy demand. The Kv1.3 voltage-gated potassium channel drives cellular proliferation. Kv1.3 channels localise to mitochondria. Using high-resolution respirometry, we show Kv1.3 channels increase oxidative phosphorylation, independently of redox balance, mitochondrial membrane potential or calcium signalling. Kv1.3-induced respiration increased reactive oxygen species production. Reducing reactive oxygen concentrations inhibited Kv1.3-induced proliferation. Selective Kv1.3 mutation identified that channel-induced respiration required an intact voltage sensor and C-terminal ERK1/2 phosphorylation site, but is channel pore independent. We show Kv1.3 channels regulate respiration through a non-conducting mechanism to generate reactive oxygen species which drive proliferation. This study identifies a Kv1.3-mediated mechanism underlying the metabolic regulation of proliferation, which may provide a therapeutic target for diseases characterised by dysfunctional proliferation and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye L Styles
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Moza M Al-Owais
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jason L Scragg
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | | | | - Aisling Minard
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Robin S Bon
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Karen Porter
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Chris Peers
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lee D Roberts
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Inhibitory Effects of Genistein on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Induced by Ox-LDL: Role of BKCa Channels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2020:8895449. [PMID: 33415067 PMCID: PMC7752275 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8895449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) is a crucial pathogenic factor for vascular diseases, which can induce the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Genistein is the main component of soybean isoflavone. Genistein has a variety of pharmacological properties in the treatment of vascular diseases and a promising clinical application. Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels are the primary type of potassium channels in VSMCs, which regulate various biological functions of VSMCs. However, whether genistein exerts an antiproliferation effect on Ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs remains unclear. The current study is aimed at elucidating the effect of genistein on the Ox-LDL-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs and its possible molecular mechanism, especially the electrophysiological mechanism related to BKCa channels. Methods Monoculture VSMC was obtained by an acute enzyme-dispersing method. The proliferation of cells was measured by CCK-8, cell cycle, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. The BKCa whole-cell currents were measured by patch-clamp. Results Ox-LDL treatment induced the proliferation of VSMCs, upregulated the BKCa protein expression, and increased the density of BKCa currents, while genistein significantly inhibited these effects caused by Ox-LDL. BKCa channels exerted a regulatory role in the proliferation of VSMCs in response to Ox-LDL. The inhibition of BKCa channels suppressed Ox-LDL-stimulated VSMC proliferation, while the activation of BKCa channels showed the opposite effect. Moreover, genistein suppressed the activity of BKCa, including protein expression and current density in a protein tyrosine kinase- (PTK-) dependent manner. Conclusion This study demonstrated that genistein inhibited the Ox-LDL-mediated proliferation of VSMCs by blocking the cell cycle progression; the possible molecular mechanism may be related to PTK-dependent suppression of BKCa channels. Our results provided novel ideas for the application of genistein in the treatment of vascular diseases and proposed a unique insight into the antiproliferative molecular mechanism of genistein.
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Liu G, Fu D, Tian H, Dai A. The mechanism of ions in pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:2045894020987948. [PMID: 33614016 PMCID: PMC7869166 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020987948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension(PH)is a kind of hemodynamic and pathophysiological state, in which the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) rises above a certain threshold. The main pathological manifestation is pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodelling progressively. More and more studies have found that ions play a major role in the pathogenesis of PH. Many vasoactive substances, inflammatory mediators, transcription-inducing factors, apoptosis mediators, redox substances and translation modifiers can control the concentration of ions inside and outside the cell by regulating the activity of ion channels, which can regulate vascular contraction, cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, inflammation and other functions. We all know that there are no effective drugs to treat PH. Ions are involved in the occurrence and development of PH, so it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of ions in PH as a therapeutic target for PH. The main ions involved in PH are calcium ion (Ca2+), potassium ion (K+), sodium ion (Na+) and chloride ion (Cl-). Here, we mainly discuss the distribution of these ions and their channels in pulmonary arteries and their role in the pathogenesis of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogu Liu
- Department of Graduate School, University of South China,
Hengyang, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Daiyan Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Heshen Tian
- Department of Graduate School, University of South China,
Hengyang, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Aiguo Dai
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese
Medicine, Changsha, China
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Cazaña-Pérez V, Cidad P, Navarro-González JF, Rojo-Mencía J, Jaisser F, López-López JR, Alvarez de la Rosa D, Giraldez T, Pérez-García M. Kv1.3 Channel Inhibition Limits Uremia-Induced Calcification in Mouse and Human Vascular Smooth Muscle. FUNCTION 2020; 2:zqaa036. [PMID: 35330975 PMCID: PMC8788811 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly increases cardiovascular risk. In advanced CKD stages, accumulation of toxic circulating metabolites and mineral metabolism alterations triggers vascular calcification, characterized by vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) transdifferentiation and loss of the contractile phenotype. Phenotypic modulation of VSMC occurs with significant changes in gene expression. Even though ion channels are an integral component of VSMC function, the effects of uremia on ion channel remodeling has not been explored. We used an in vitro model of uremia-induced calcification of human aorta smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) to study the expression of 92 ion channel subunit genes. Uremic serum-induced extensive remodeling of ion channel expression consistent with loss of excitability but different from the one previously associated with transition from contractile to proliferative phenotypes. Among the ion channels tested, we found increased abundance and activity of voltage-dependent K+ channel Kv1.3. Enhanced Kv1.3 expression was also detected in aorta from a mouse model of CKD. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of Kv1.3 decreased the amount of calcium phosphate deposition induced by uremia, supporting an important role for this channel on uremia-induced VSMC calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Cazaña-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas (Fisiología), Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación y Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pilar Cidad
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Unidad de Investigación y Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jorge Rojo-Mencía
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Team 1, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, La Laguna, Paris, France
| | - José R López-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas (Fisiología), Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Teresa Giraldez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas (Fisiología), Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Pérez-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
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10
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Cidad P, Alonso E, Arévalo-Martínez M, Calvo E, de la Fuente MA, Pérez-García MT, López-López JR. Voltage-dependent conformational changes of Kv1.3 channels activate cell proliferation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4330-4347. [PMID: 33230847 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-dependent potassium channel Kv1.3 has been implicated in proliferation in many cell types, based on the observation that Kv1.3 blockers inhibited proliferation. By modulating membrane potential, cell volume, and/or Ca2+ influx, K+ channels can influence cell cycle progression. Also, noncanonical channel functions could contribute to modulate cell proliferation independent of K+ efflux. The specificity of the requirement of Kv1.3 channels for proliferation suggests the involvement of molecule-specific interactions, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly identified. Heterologous expression of Kv1.3 channels in HEK cells has been shown to increase proliferation independently of K+ fluxes. Likewise, some of the molecular determinants of Kv1.3-induced proliferation have been located in the C-terminus region, where individual point mutations of putative phosphorylation sites (Y447A and S459A) abolished Kv1.3-induced proliferation. Here, we investigated the mechanisms linking Kv1.3 channels to proliferation exploring the correlation between Kv1.3 voltage-dependent molecular dynamics and cell cycle progression. Using transfected HEK cells, we analyzed both the effect of changes in resting membrane potential on Kv1.3-induced proliferation and the effect of mutated Kv1.3 channels with altered voltage dependence of gating. We conclude that voltage-dependent transitions of Kv1.3 channels enable the activation of proliferative pathways. We also found that Kv1.3 associated with IQGAP3, a scaffold protein involved in proliferation, and that membrane depolarization facilitates their interaction. The functional contribution of Kv1.3-IQGAP3 interplay to cell proliferation was demonstrated both in HEK cells and in vascular smooth muscle cells. Our data indicate that voltage-dependent conformational changes of Kv1.3 are an essential element in Kv1.3-induced proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Cidad
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Alonso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marycarmen Arévalo-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Unidad de Proteómica, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A de la Fuente
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y CSIC, Valladolid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Pérez-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José R López-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
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Moreno-Estar S, Serrano S, Arévalo-Martínez M, Cidad P, López-López JR, Santos M, Pérez-Garcia MT, Arias FJ. Elastin-like recombinamer-based devices releasing Kv1.3 blockers for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia: An in vitro and in vivo study. Acta Biomater 2020; 115:264-274. [PMID: 32771595 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cardiovascular disorder. Vascular surgery strategies for coronary revascularization (either percutaneous or open) show a high rate of failure because of restenosis of the vessel, due to phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) leading to proliferation and migration. We have previously reported that the inhibition of Kv1.3 channel function with selective blockers represents an effective strategy for the prevention of restenosis in human vessels used for coronary angioplasty procedures. However, delivery systems for controlled release of these drugs have not been investigated. Here we tested the efficacy of several formulations of elastin like recombinamers (ELRs) hydrogels to deliver the Kv1.3 blocker PAP-1 in various restenosis models. The dose and time course of PAP-1 release from ELRs click hydrogels was able to inhibit human VSMC proliferation in vitro as well as remodeling of human vessels in organ culture and restenosis in in vivo models. We conclude that this combination of active compound and advanced delivery method could improve the outcomes of vascular surgery in patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Vascular surgery strategies for coronary revascularization show a high rate of failure, because of occlusion (restenosis) of the vessel, due to vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration. We have previously reported that blockers of Kv1.3 channels represent an effective anti-restenosis therapy, but delivery systems for their controlled release have not being explored. Here we tested the efficacy of several formulations of elastin like recombinamers (ELRs) hydrogels to deliver the Kv1.3 blocker PAP-1 in various restenosis models, both in vivo and in vitro, and also in human vessels. We demonstrated that combination of active compound and advanced delivery method could improve the outcomes of vascular surgery in patients.
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Bobi J, Garabito M, Solanes NÚ, Cidad P, Ramos-Pérez V, Ponce A, Rigol M, Freixa X, Pérez-Martínez C, Pérez de Prado A, Fernández-Vázquez F, Sabaté M, Borrós S, López-López JR, Pérez-García MT, Roqué M. Kv1.3 blockade inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and intimal hyperplasia in vivo. Transl Res 2020; 224:40-54. [PMID: 32522668 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels, involved in cell proliferation, arises as a potential therapeutic approach for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia present in in-stent restenosis (ISR) and allograft vasculopathy (AV). We studied the effect of PAP-1, a selective blocker of Kv1.3 channels, on development of intimal hyperplasia in vitro and in vivo in 2 porcine models of vascular injury. In vitro phenotypic modulation of VSMCs was associated to an increased functional expression of Kv1.3 channels, and only selective Kv1.3 channel blockers were able to inhibit porcine VSMC proliferation. The therapeutic potential of PAP-1 was then evaluated in vivo in swine models of ISR and AV. At 15-days follow-up, morphometric analysis demonstrated a substantial reduction of luminal stenosis in the allografts treated with PAP-1 (autograft 2.72 ± 1.79 vs allograft 10.32 ± 1.92 vs allograft + polymer 13.54 ± 8.59 vs allograft + polymer + PAP-1 3.06 ± 1.08 % of luminal stenosis; P = 0.006) in the swine model of femoral artery transplant. In the pig model of coronary ISR, using a prototype of PAP-1-eluting stent, no differences were observed regarding % of stenosis compared to control stents (31 ± 13 % vs 37 ± 18%, respectively; P = 0.372) at 28-days follow-up. PAP-1 treatment was safe and did not impair vascular healing in terms of delayed endothelialization, inflammation or thrombosis. However, an incomplete release of PAP-1 from stents was documented. We conclude that the use of selective Kv1.3 blockers represents a promising therapeutic approach for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia in AV, although further studies to improve their delivery method are needed to elucidate its potential in ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Bobi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Garabito
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - NÚria Solanes
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Cidad
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología and Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Víctor Ramos-Pérez
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Ponce
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Rigol
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Freixa
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Pérez-Martínez
- Grupo Cardiovascular (HemoLeon), Fundación Investigación Sanitaria en León y del Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Hospital Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | - Armando Pérez de Prado
- Grupo Cardiovascular (HemoLeon), Fundación Investigación Sanitaria en León y del Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Hospital Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | - Felipe Fernández-Vázquez
- Grupo Cardiovascular (HemoLeon), Fundación Investigación Sanitaria en León y del Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Hospital Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | - Manel Sabaté
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Biomaterials Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ramón López-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología and Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mª Teresa Pérez-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología and Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - MercÈ Roqué
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ye M, Guo X, Wang H, Wang Y, Qian X, Deng H, Wang W, Yang S, Ni Q, Chen J, Lv L, Zhao Y, Xue G, Li Y, Zhang L. Mutual regulation between β-TRCP mediated REST protein degradation and Kv1.3 expression controls vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switch. Atherosclerosis 2020; 313:102-110. [PMID: 33038663 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis after artery intervention. Transcription repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST) has been identified as key regulator of VSMC proliferation. In the present study, we sought to investigate the potential association of E3-ubiquitin ligase β-TRCP mediated REST protein degradation with Kv1.3 expression during VSMC phenotypic switch. METHODS Protein and mRNA expression was measured in ex vivo and in vitro models. Protein interaction and ubiquitination were analyzed by immunoprecipitation assays. ChIP assays were performed to assess the relationship between REST and targeted DNA binding site. RESULTS We found that the expression level of E3-ubiquitin ligase β-TRCP is significantly increased during VSMC phenotypic switch. REST protein ubiquitination mediated by β-TRCP is critical for VSMC proliferation and migration. We also found that the gene KCNA3 encoding potassium channel protein Kv1.3 contains a functional REST binding site and is repressed by REST. Downregulation of REST by β-TRCP and consequently upregulation of Kv1.3 are important events during VSMC phenotypic switch. Furthermore, upregulated Kv1.3 accelerates β-TRCP modulated REST degradation through Erk1/2 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a fundamental role for regulatory interactions between β-TRCP modulated REST degradation and Kv1.3 in the control of the multilayered regulatory programs required for VSMC phenotype switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjiang Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Qian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Deng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilun Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuofei Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihong Ni
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaquan Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanhua Xue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Tajti G, Wai DCC, Panyi G, Norton RS. The voltage-gated potassium channel K V1.3 as a therapeutic target for venom-derived peptides. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:114146. [PMID: 32653588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 is a well-established therapeutic target for a range of autoimmune diseases, in addition to being the site of action of many venom-derived peptides. Numerous studies have documented the efficacy of venom peptides that target KV1.3, in particular from sea anemones and scorpions, in animal models of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Moreover, an analogue of the sea anemone peptide ShK (known as dalazatide) has successfully completed Phase 1 clinical trials in mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis. In this article we consider other potential therapeutic applications of inhibitors of KV1.3, including in inflammatory bowel disease and neuroinflammatory conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, as well as fibrotic diseases. We also summarise strategies for facilitating the entry of peptides to the central nervous system, given that this will be a pre-requisite for the treatment of most neuroinflammatory diseases. Venom-derived peptides that have been reported recently to target KV1.3 are also described. The increasing number of autoimmune and other conditions in which KV1.3 is upregulated and is therefore a potential therapeutic target, combined with the fact that many venom-derived peptides are potent inhibitors of KV1.3, suggests that venoms are likely to continue to serve as a rich source of new pharmacological tools and therapeutic leads targeting this channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Tajti
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dorothy C C Wai
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Raymond S Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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15
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Contribution of the Potassium Channels K V1.3 and K Ca3.1 to Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Growing Collateral Arteries. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040913. [PMID: 32276492 PMCID: PMC7226779 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Collateral artery growth (arteriogenesis) involves the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Whereas the proliferation of ECs is directly related to shear stress, the driving force for arteriogenesis, little is known about the mechanisms of SMC proliferation. Here we investigated the functional relevance of the potassium channels KV1.3 and KCa3.1 for SMC proliferation in arteriogenesis. Employing a murine hindlimb model of arteriogenesis, we found that blocking KV1.3 with PAP-1 or KCa3.1. with TRAM-34, both interfered with reperfusion recovery after femoral artery ligation as shown by Laser-Doppler Imaging. However, only treatment with PAP-1 resulted in a reduced SMC proliferation. qRT-PCR results revealed an impaired downregulation of α smooth muscle-actin (αSM-actin) and a repressed expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (Fgfr1) and platelet derived growth factor receptor b (Pdgfrb) in growing collaterals in vivo and in primary murine arterial SMCs in vitro under KV1.3. blockade, but not when KCa3.1 was blocked. Moreover, treatment with PAP-1 impaired the mRNA expression of the cell cycle regulator early growth response-1 (Egr1) in vivo and in vitro. Together, these data indicate that KV1.3 but not KCa3.1 contributes to SMC proliferation in arteriogenesis.
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16
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Arévalo-Martínez M, Cidad P, García-Mateo N, Moreno-Estar S, Serna J, Fernández M, Swärd K, Simarro M, de la Fuente MA, López-López JR, Pérez-García MT. Myocardin-Dependent Kv1.5 Channel Expression Prevents Phenotypic Modulation of Human Vessels in Organ Culture. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:e273-e286. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
We have previously described that changes in the expression of Kv channels associate to phenotypic modulation (PM), so that Kv1.3/Kv1.5 ratio is a landmark of vascular smooth muscle cells phenotype. Moreover, we demonstrated that the Kv1.3 functional expression is relevant for PM in several types of vascular lesions. Here, we explore the efficacy of Kv1.3 inhibition for the prevention of remodeling in human vessels, and the mechanisms linking the switch in Kv1.3 /Kv1.5 ratio to PM.
Approach and Results:
Vascular remodeling was explored using organ culture and primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells obtained from human vessels. We studied the effects of Kv1.3 inhibition on serum-induced remodeling, as well as the impact of viral vector-mediated overexpression of Kv channels or myocardin knock-down. Kv1.3 blockade prevented remodeling by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix secretion. PM activated Kv1.3 via downregulation of Kv1.5. Hence, both Kv1.3 blockers and Kv1.5 overexpression inhibited remodeling in a nonadditive fashion. Finally, myocardin knock-down induced vessel remodeling and Kv1.5 downregulation and myocardin overexpression increased Kv1.5, while Kv1.5 overexpression inhibited PM without changing myocardin expression.
Conclusions:
We demonstrate that Kv1.5 channel gene is a myocardin-regulated, vascular smooth muscle cells contractile marker. Kv1.5 downregulation upon PM leaves Kv1.3 as the dominant Kv1 channel expressed in dedifferentiated cells. We demonstrated that the inhibition of Kv1.3 channel function with selective blockers or by preventing Kv1.5 downregulation can represent an effective, novel strategy for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia and restenosis of the human vessels used for coronary angioplasty procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marycarmen Arévalo-Martínez
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., J.R.L.-L., M.T.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., M.S., M.A.d.l.F.)
| | - Pilar Cidad
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., J.R.L.-L., M.T.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., M.S., M.A.d.l.F.)
| | - Nadia García-Mateo
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., J.R.L.-L., M.T.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., M.S., M.A.d.l.F.)
| | - Sara Moreno-Estar
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., J.R.L.-L., M.T.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., M.S., M.A.d.l.F.)
| | - Julia Serna
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., J.R.L.-L., M.T.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., M.S., M.A.d.l.F.)
| | - Mirella Fernández
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (M.F.)
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, University of Lund, Sweden (K.S.)
| | - María Simarro
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., M.S., M.A.d.l.F.)
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.S.)
| | - Miguel A. de la Fuente
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., M.S., M.A.d.l.F.)
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.d.l.F.)
| | - José R. López-López
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., J.R.L.-L., M.T.P.-G.)
| | - M. Teresa Pérez-García
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (M.A.-M., P.C., N.G.-M., S.M.-E., J.S., J.R.L.-L., M.T.P.-G.)
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17
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Zhang DX, Gutterman DD. Myocardin and Kv1 Channels: A Paradigm Shift in Treating Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-Related Proliferative Disease? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2454-2456. [PMID: 31770031 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David X Zhang
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - David D Gutterman
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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18
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Chen Z, Wu Q, Yan C, Du J. COL6A1 knockdown suppresses cell proliferation and migration in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1977-1984. [PMID: 31410158 PMCID: PMC6676143 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration is an important pathophysiological signature of neointimal hyperplasia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of collagen type VI α1 chain (COL6A1) on VSMC migration. COL6A1 expression was silenced in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB)-stimulated VSMCs. Cell counting kit-8, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to measure cell viability, migration and invasion, respectively. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were performed to analyze the expression of factors associated with metastasis. COL6A1 silencing attenuated PDGF-BB-induced increases in cell viability and invasive abilities of VSMCs, in addition to partially reversing the increased expression of fibronectin (FN), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 induced by PDGF-BB stimulation. The silencing of COL6A also overturned PDGF-BB-induced reduction in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 expression in VSMCs. PDGF-BB activated the AKT/mTOR pathway, which was also inhibited by COL6A1 knockdown. Taken together, these findings suggest that COL6A1 silencing inhibited VSMC viability and migration by inhibiting AKT/mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxiang Chen
- Emergency Department, Jining 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Qingjian Wu
- Emergency Department, Jining 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Chengjun Yan
- Emergency Department, Jining 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Emergency Department, Jining 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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19
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López-López JR, Cidad P, Pérez-García MT. Kv channels and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Microcirculation 2018; 25. [PMID: 29110368 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kv channels are present in virtually all VSMCs and strongly influence contractile responses. However, they are also instrumental in the proliferative, migratory, and secretory functions of synthetic, dedifferentiated VSMCs upon PM. In fact, Kv channels not only contribute to all these processes but also are active players in the phenotypic switch itself. This review is focused on the role(s) of Kv channels in VSMC proliferation, which is one of the best characterized functions of dedifferentiated VSMCs. VSMC proliferation is a complex process requiring specific Kv channels at specific time and locations. Their identification is further complicated by their large diversity and the differences in expression across vascular beds. Of interest, both conserved changes in some Kv channels and vascular bed-specific regulation of others seem to coexist and participate in VSMC proliferation through complementary mechanisms. Such a system will add flexibility to the process while providing the required robustness to preserve this fundamental cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R López-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Cidad
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Pérez-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
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20
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Jackson WF. K V channels and the regulation of vascular smooth muscle tone. Microcirculation 2018; 25. [PMID: 28985443 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
VSMCs in resistance arteries and arterioles express a diverse array of KV channels with members of the KV 1, KV 2 and KV 7 families being particularly important. Members of the KV channel family: (i) are highly expressed in VSMCs; (ii) are active at the resting membrane potential of VSMCs in vivo (-45 to -30 mV); (iii) contribute to the negative feedback regulation of VSMC membrane potential and myogenic tone; (iv) are activated by cAMP-related vasodilators, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen peroxide; (v) are inhibited by increases in intracellular Ca2+ and vasoconstrictors that signal through Gq -coupled receptors; (vi) are involved in the proliferative phenotype of VSMCs; and (vii) are modulated by diseases such as hypertension, obesity, the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Thus, KV channels participate in every aspect of the regulation of VSMC function in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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21
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Pérez-Verdaguer M, Capera J, Ortego-Domínguez M, Bielanska J, Comes N, Montoro RJ, Camps M, Felipe A. Caveolar targeting links Kv1.3 with the insulin-dependent adipocyte physiology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4059-4075. [PMID: 29947924 PMCID: PMC11105548 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-dependent potassium channel Kv1.3 participates in peripheral insulin sensitivity. Genetic ablation of Kv1.3 triggers resistance to diet-induced weight gain, thereby pointing to this protein as a pharmacological target for obesity and associated type II diabetes. However, this role is under intense debate because Kv1.3 expression in adipose tissue raises controversy. We demonstrated that Kv1.3 is expressed in white adipose tissue from humans and rodents. Moreover, other channels, such as Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.4 and especially Kv1.5, from the same Shaker family are also present. Although elevated insulin levels and adipogenesis remodel the Kv phenotype, which could lead to multiple heteromeric complexes, Kv1.3 markedly participates in the insulin-dependent regulation of glucose uptake in mature adipocytes. Adipocyte differentiation increased the expression of Kv1.3, which is targeted to caveolae by molecular interactions with caveolin 1. Using a caveolin 1-deficient 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line, we demonstrated that the localization of Kv1.3 in caveolar raft structures is important for proper insulin signaling. Insulin-dependent phosphorylation of the channel occurs at the onset of insulin-mediated signaling. However, when Kv1.3 was spatially outside of these lipid microdomains, impaired phosphorylation was exhibited. Our data shed light on the putative role of Kv1.3 in weight gain and insulin-dependent responses contributing to knowledge about adipocyte physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Pérez-Verdaguer
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesusa Capera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Ortego-Domínguez
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Dr. Fedriani, s/n., 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Joanna Bielanska
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, AG Oncophysiology, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Núria Comes
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael J Montoro
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Dr. Fedriani, s/n., 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Camps
- Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Dpt. de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Cazaña-Pérez V, Cidad P, Donate-Correa J, Martín-Núñez E, López-López JR, Pérez-García MT, Giraldez T, Navarro-González JF, Alvarez de la Rosa D. Phenotypic Modulation of Cultured Primary Human Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Uremic Serum. Front Physiol 2018; 9:89. [PMID: 29483881 PMCID: PMC5816230 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a markedly increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The high concentration of circulating uremic toxins and alterations in mineral metabolism and hormone levels produce vascular wall remodeling and significant vascular damage. Medial calcification is an early vascular event in CKD patients and is associated to apoptosis or necrosis and trans-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to an osteogenic phenotype. VSMC obtained from bovine or rat aorta and cultured in the presence of increased inorganic phosphate (Pi) have been extensively used to study these processes. In this study we used human aortic VSMC primary cultures to compare the effects of increased Pi to treatment with serum obtained from uremic patients. Uremic serum induced calcification, trans-differentiation and phenotypic remodeling even with normal Pi levels. In spite of similar calcification kinetics, there were fundamental differences in osteochondrogenic marker expression and alkaline phosphatase induction between Pi and uremic serum-treated cells. Moreover, high Pi induced a dramatic decrease in cell viability, while uremic serum preserved it. In summary, our data suggests that primary cultures of human VSMC treated with serum from uremic patients provides a more informative model for the study of vascular calcification secondary to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Cazaña-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas (Fisiología), Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pilar Cidad
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Donate-Correa
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José R López-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Pérez-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Teresa Giraldez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas (Fisiología), Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas (Fisiología), Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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23
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Pérez-García MT, Cidad P, López-López JR. The secret life of ion channels: Kv1.3 potassium channels and proliferation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C27-C42. [PMID: 28931540 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00136.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kv1.3 channels are involved in the switch to proliferation of normally quiescent cells, being implicated in the control of cell cycle in many different cell types and in many different ways. They modulate membrane potential controlling K+ fluxes, sense changes in potential, and interact with many signaling molecules through their intracellular domains. From a mechanistic point of view, we can describe the role of Kv1.3 channels in proliferation with at least three different models. In the "membrane potential model," membrane hyperpolarization resulting from Kv1.3 activation provides the driving force for Ca2+ influx required to activate Ca2+-dependent transcription. This model explains most of the data obtained from several cells from the immune system. In the "voltage sensor model," Kv1.3 channels serve mainly as sensors that transduce electrical signals into biochemical cascades, independently of their effect on membrane potential. Kv1.3-dependent proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) could fit this model. Finally, in the "channelosome balance model," the master switch determining proliferation may be related to the control of the Kv1.3 to Kv1.5 ratio, as described in glial cells and also in VSMCs. Since the three mechanisms cannot function independently, these models are obviously not exclusive. Nevertheless, they could be exploited differentially in different cells and tissues. This large functional flexibility of Kv1.3 channels surely gives a new perspective on their functions beyond their elementary role as ion channels, although a conclusive picture of the mechanisms involved in Kv1.3 signaling to proliferation is yet to be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Pérez-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Valladolid , Spain
| | - Pilar Cidad
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Valladolid , Spain
| | - José R López-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Valladolid , Spain
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24
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Ohanyan V, Yin L, Bardakjian R, Kolz C, Enrick M, Hakobyan T, Luli J, Graham K, Khayata M, Logan S, Kmetz J, Chilian WM. Kv1.3 channels facilitate the connection between metabolism and blood flow in the heart. Microcirculation 2017; 24:10.1111/micc.12334. [PMID: 28504408 PMCID: PMC5433265 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The connection between metabolism and flow in the heart, metabolic dilation, is essential for cardiac function. We recently found redox-sensitive Kv1.5 channels play a role in coronary metabolic dilation; however, more than one ion channel likely plays a role in this process as animals null for these channels still showed limited coronary metabolic dilation. Accordingly, we examined the role of another Kv1 family channel, the energetically linked Kv1.3 channel, in coronary metabolic dilation. We measured myocardial blood flow (contrast echocardiography) during norepinephrine-induced increases in cardiac work (heart rate x mean arterial pressure) in WT, WT mice given correolide (preferential Kv1.3 antagonist), and Kv1.3-null mice (Kv1.3-/- ). We also measured relaxation of isolated small arteries mounted in a myograph. During increased cardiac work, myocardial blood flow was attenuated in Kv1.3-/- and in correolide-treated mice. In isolated vessels from Kv1.3-/- mice, relaxation to H2 O2 was impaired (vs WT), but responses to adenosine and acetylcholine were equivalent to WT. Correolide reduced dilation to adenosine and acetylcholine in WT and Kv1.3-/- , but had no effect on H2 O2 -dependent dilation in vessels from Kv1.3-/- mice. We conclude that Kv1.3 channels participate in the connection between myocardial blood flow and cardiac metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahagn Ohanyan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | | | - Christopher Kolz
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Molly Enrick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Tatevik Hakobyan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Jordan Luli
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen Graham
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | | | - Suzanna Logan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - John Kmetz
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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25
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Evans AM, Mahmoud AD, Moral-Sanz J, Hartmann S. The emerging role of AMPK in the regulation of breathing and oxygen supply. Biochem J 2016; 473:2561-72. [PMID: 27574022 PMCID: PMC5003690 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of breathing is critical to our capacity to accommodate deficits in oxygen availability and demand during, for example, sleep and ascent to altitude. It is generally accepted that a fall in arterial oxygen increases afferent discharge from the carotid bodies to the brainstem and thus delivers increased ventilatory drive, which restores oxygen supply and protects against hypoventilation and apnoea. However, the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. We recently identified as critical to this process the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is key to the cell-autonomous regulation of metabolic homoeostasis. This observation is significant for many reasons, not least because recent studies suggest that the gene for the AMPK-α1 catalytic subunit has been subjected to natural selection in high-altitude populations. It would appear, therefore, that evolutionary pressures have led to AMPK being utilized to regulate oxygen delivery and thus energy supply to the body in the short, medium and longer term. Contrary to current consensus, however, our findings suggest that AMPK regulates ventilation at the level of the caudal brainstem, even when afferent input responses from the carotid body are normal. We therefore hypothesize that AMPK integrates local hypoxic stress at defined loci within the brainstem respiratory network with an index of peripheral hypoxic status, namely afferent chemosensory inputs. Allied to this, AMPK is critical to the control of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and thus ventilation-perfusion matching at the lungs and may also determine oxygen supply to the foetus by, for example, modulating utero-placental blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mark Evans
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, U.K.
| | - Amira D Mahmoud
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, U.K
| | - Javier Moral-Sanz
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, U.K
| | - Sandy Hartmann
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, U.K
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26
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Potassium Channels in Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and Growth. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:89-144. [PMID: 28212804 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Potassium channels importantly contribute to the regulation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction and growth. They are the dominant ion conductance of the VSM cell membrane and importantly determine and regulate membrane potential. Membrane potential, in turn, regulates the open-state probability of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC), Ca2+ influx through VGCC, intracellular Ca2+, and VSM contraction. Membrane potential also affects release of Ca2+ from internal stores and the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile machinery such that K+ channels participate in all aspects of regulation of VSM contraction. Potassium channels also regulate proliferation of VSM cells through membrane potential-dependent and membrane potential-independent mechanisms. VSM cells express multiple isoforms of at least five classes of K+ channels that contribute to the regulation of contraction and cell proliferation (growth). This review will examine the structure, expression, and function of large conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa3.1) channels, multiple isoforms of voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels, ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, and inward-rectifier K+ (KIR) channels in both contractile and proliferating VSM cells.
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27
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Moral-Sanz J, Mahmoud AD, Ross FA, Eldstrom J, Fedida D, Hardie DG, Evans AM. AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits Kv 1.5 channel currents of pulmonary arterial myocytes in response to hypoxia and inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. J Physiol 2016; 594:4901-15. [PMID: 27062501 PMCID: PMC5009768 DOI: 10.1113/jp272032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Progression of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is thought to be due, in part, to suppression of voltage‐gated potassium channels (Kv) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle by hypoxia, although the precise molecular mechanisms have been unclear. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been proposed to couple inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism by hypoxia to acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and progression of pulmonary hypertension. Inhibition of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain activated AMPK and inhibited Kv1.5 channels in pulmonary arterial myocytes. AMPK activation by 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide riboside, A769662 or C13 attenuated Kv1.5 currents in pulmonary arterial myocytes, and this effect was non‐additive with respect to Kv1.5 inhibition by hypoxia and mitochondrial poisons. Recombinant AMPK phosphorylated recombinant human Kv1.5 channels in cell‐free assays, and inhibited K+ currents when introduced into HEK 293 cells stably expressing Kv1.5. These results suggest that AMPK is the primary mediator of reductions in Kv1.5 channels following inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation during hypoxia and by mitochondrial poisons.
Abstract Progression of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is thought to be due, in part, to suppression of voltage‐gated potassium channels (Kv) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells that is mediated by the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. We sought to determine the role in this process of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is intimately coupled to mitochondrial function due to its activation by LKB1‐dependent phosphorylation in response to increases in the cellular AMP:ATP and/or ADP:ATP ratios. Inhibition of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain using phenformin activated AMPK and inhibited Kv currents in pulmonary arterial myocytes, consistent with previously reported effects of mitochondrial inhibitors. Myocyte Kv currents were also markedly inhibited upon AMPK activation by A769662, 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide riboside and C13 and by intracellular dialysis from a patch‐pipette of activated (thiophosphorylated) recombinant AMPK heterotrimers (α2β2γ1 or α1β1γ1). Hypoxia and inhibitors of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reduced AMPK‐sensitive K+ currents, which were also blocked by the selective Kv1.5 channel inhibitor diphenyl phosphine oxide‐1 but unaffected by the presence of the BKCa channel blocker paxilline. Moreover, recombinant human Kv1.5 channels were phosphorylated by AMPK in cell‐free assays, and K+ currents carried by Kv1.5 stably expressed in HEK 293 cells were inhibited by intracellular dialysis of AMPK heterotrimers and by A769662, the effects of which were blocked by compound C. We conclude that AMPK mediates Kv channel inhibition by hypoxia in pulmonary arterial myocytes, at least in part, through phosphorylation of Kv1.5 and/or an associated protein. Progression of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is thought to be due, in part, to suppression of voltage‐gated potassium channels (Kv) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle by hypoxia, although the precise molecular mechanisms have been unclear. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been proposed to couple inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism by hypoxia to acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and progression of pulmonary hypertension. Inhibition of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain activated AMPK and inhibited Kv1.5 channels in pulmonary arterial myocytes. AMPK activation by 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide riboside, A769662 or C13 attenuated Kv1.5 currents in pulmonary arterial myocytes, and this effect was non‐additive with respect to Kv1.5 inhibition by hypoxia and mitochondrial poisons. Recombinant AMPK phosphorylated recombinant human Kv1.5 channels in cell‐free assays, and inhibited K+ currents when introduced into HEK 293 cells stably expressing Kv1.5. These results suggest that AMPK is the primary mediator of reductions in Kv1.5 channels following inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation during hypoxia and by mitochondrial poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Moral-Sanz
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Amira D Mahmoud
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Fiona A Ross
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Jodene Eldstrom
- Department of Anaesthesiology. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - David Fedida
- Department of Anaesthesiology. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - A Mark Evans
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
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Magnobovatol inhibits smooth muscle cell migration by suppressing PDGF-Rβ phosphorylation and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1239-46. [PMID: 27049716 PMCID: PMC4829143 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and post-angioplasty restenosis. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB is a potent mitogen for VSMCs and plays an important role in the intimal accumulation of VSMCs. Magnobovatol, a new neolignan from the fruits of Magnolia obovata, has been shown to have anticancer properties. However, the effects of magnobovatol on VSMCs are unknown. In the present study, we examined the effects of magnobovatol on the PDGF-BB-induced migration of mouse and human VSMCs, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Magnobovatol significantly inhibited the PDGF-BB-induced migration of mouse and human VSMCs without inducing cell death (as shown by MTT assay and wound healing assay). Additionally, we demonstrated that magnobovatol significantly blocked the PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of the PDGF receptor (PDGF-R), Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 by inhibiting the activation of the PDGF-BB signaling pathway. Moreover, in both mouse and human VSMCs, magnobovatol inhibited PDGF-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression at the mRNA and protein level, as well as the proteolytic activity of MMP-2 (as shown by western blot analysis, RT-PCR, gelatin zymography and ELISA). In addition, the sprout outgrowth formation of aortic rings induced by PDGF-BB was inhibited by magnobovatol (as shown by aortic ring assay). Taken together, our findings indicate that magnobovatol inhibits VSMC migration by decreasing MMP-2 expression through PDGF-R and the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways. Our data may improve the understanding of the anti-atherogenic effects of magnobovatol in VSMCs.
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29
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Köhler R, Oliván-Viguera A, Wulff H. Endothelial Small- and Intermediate-Conductance K Channels and Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization as Drug Targets in Cardiovascular Disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 77:65-104. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Jiménez-Pérez L, Cidad P, Álvarez-Miguel I, Santos-Hipólito A, Torres-Merino R, Alonso E, de la Fuente MÁ, López-López JR, Pérez-García MT. Molecular Determinants of Kv1.3 Potassium Channels-induced Proliferation. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3569-80. [PMID: 26655221 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kv channels) associate to proliferation in many cell types, including transfected HEK293 cells. In this system Kv1.5 overexpression decreases proliferation, whereas Kv1.3 expression increases it independently of K(+) fluxes. To identify Kv1.3 domains involved in a proliferation-associated signaling mechanism(s), we constructed chimeric Kv1.3-Kv1.5 channels and point-mutant Kv1.3 channels, which were expressed as GFP- or cherry-fusion proteins. We studied their trafficking and functional expression, combining immunocytochemical and electrophysiological methods, and their impact on cell proliferation. We found that the C terminus is necessary for Kv1.3-induced proliferation. We distinguished two residues (Tyr-447 and Ser-459) whose mutation to alanine abolished proliferation. The insertion into Kv1.5 of a sequence comprising these two residues increased proliferation rate. Moreover, Kv1.3 voltage-dependent transitions from closed to open conformation induced MEK-ERK1/2-dependent Tyr-447 phosphorylation. We conclude that the mechanisms for Kv1.3-induced proliferation involve the accessibility of key docking sites at the C terminus. For one of these sites (Tyr-447) we demonstrated the contribution of MEK/ERK-dependent phosphorylation, which is regulated by voltage-induced conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jiménez-Pérez
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Cidad
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Inés Álvarez-Miguel
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alba Santos-Hipólito
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Torres-Merino
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Alonso
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel de la Fuente
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Ramón López-López
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Pérez-García
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
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Pérez-Verdaguer M, Capera J, Serrano-Novillo C, Estadella I, Sastre D, Felipe A. The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 is a promising multitherapeutic target against human pathologies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:577-91. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Fernández-Mariño AI, Cidad P, Zafra D, Nocito L, Domínguez J, Oliván-Viguera A, Köhler R, López-López JR, Pérez-García MT, Valverde MÁ, Guinovart JJ, Fernández-Fernández JM. Tungstate-targeting of BKαβ1 channels tunes ERK phosphorylation and cell proliferation in human vascular smooth muscle. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118148. [PMID: 25659150 PMCID: PMC4320054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the substantial knowledge on the antidiabetic, antiobesity and antihypertensive actions of tungstate, information on its primary target/s is scarce. Tungstate activates both the ERK1/2 pathway and the vascular voltage- and Ca2+-dependent large-conductance BKαβ1 potassium channel, which modulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and function, respectively. Here, we have assessed the possible involvement of BKαβ1 channels in the tungstate-induced ERK phosphorylation and its relevance for VSMC proliferation. Western blot analysis in HEK cell lines showed that expression of vascular BKαβ1 channels potentiates the tungstate-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a Gi/o protein-dependent manner. Tungstate activated BKαβ1 channels upstream of G proteins as channel activation was not altered by the inhibition of G proteins with GDPβS or pertussis toxin. Moreover, analysis of Gi/o protein activation measuring the FRET among heterologously expressed Gi protein subunits suggested that tungstate-targeting of BKαβ1 channels promotes G protein activation. Single channel recordings on VSMCs from wild-type and β1-knockout mice indicated that the presence of the regulatory β1 subunit was essential for the tungstate-mediated activation of BK channels in VSMCs. Moreover, the specific BK channel blocker iberiotoxin lowered tungstate-induced ERK phosphorylation by 55% and partially reverted (by 51%) the tungstate-produced reduction of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation in human VSMCs. Our observations indicate that tungstate-targeting of BKαβ1 channels promotes activation of PTX-sensitive Gi proteins to enhance the tungstate-induced phosphorylation of ERK, and inhibits PDGF-stimulated cell proliferation in human vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Fernández-Mariño
- Laboratori de Fisiologia Molecular i Canalopaties, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Cidad
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología and Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Delia Zafra
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Nocito
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Domínguez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Oliván-Viguera
- Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y Desarrollo (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ralf Köhler
- Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y Desarrollo (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José R. López-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología and Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Pérez-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología and Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Valverde
- Laboratori de Fisiologia Molecular i Canalopaties, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan J. Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M. Fernández-Fernández
- Laboratori de Fisiologia Molecular i Canalopaties, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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