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Hasi RY, Ishikawa T, Sunagawa K, Takai Y, Ali H, Hayashi J, Kawakami R, Yuasa K, Aihara M, Kanemaru K, Imai H, Tanaka T. Nonspecific phospholipase C3 of radish has phospholipase D activity towards glycosylinositol phosphoceramide. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:3024-3036. [PMID: 36266963 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylinositol phosphoceramide (GIPC) is a major sphingolipid in the plasma membranes of plants. Previously, we found an enzyme activity that produces phytoceramide 1-phosphate (PC1P) by hydrolysis of the D position of GIPC in cabbage and named this activity as GIPC-phospholipase D (PLD). Here, we purified GIPC-PLD by sequential chromatography from radish roots. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis revealed that the potential candidate for GIPC-PLD protein was nonspecific phospholipase C3 (NPC3), which has not been characterized as a PLD. The recombinant NPC3 protein obtained by heterologous expression system in Escherichia coli produced PC1P from GIPC and showed essentially the same enzymatic properties as those we characterized as GIPC-PLD in cabbage, radish and Arabidopsis thaliana. From these results, we conclude that NPC3 is one of the enzymes that degrade GIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Yesmin Hasi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Japan
| | - Keigo Sunagawa
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Takai
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Hanif Ali
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Junji Hayashi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Ryushi Kawakami
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Keizo Yuasa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, Neyagawa, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Aihara
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Kaori Kanemaru
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imai
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
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Hasi RY, Miyagi M, Morito K, Ishikawa T, Kawai-Yamada M, Imai H, Fukuta T, Kogure K, Kanemaru K, Hayashi J, Kawakami R, Tanaka T. Glycosylinositol phosphoceramide-specific phospholipase D activity catalyzes transphosphatidylation. J Biochem 2019; 166:441-448. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGlycosylinositol phosphoceramide (GIPC) is the most abundant sphingolipid in plants and fungi. Recently, we detected GIPC-specific phospholipase D (GIPC-PLD) activity in plants. Here, we found that GIPC-PLD activity in young cabbage leaves catalyzes transphosphatidylation. The available alcohol for this reaction is a primary alcohol with a chain length below C4. Neither secondary alcohol, tertiary alcohol, choline, serine nor glycerol serves as an acceptor for transphosphatidylation of GIPC-PLD. We also found that cabbage GIPC-PLD prefers GIPC containing two sugars. Neither inositol phosphoceramide, mannosylinositol phosphoceramide nor GIPC with three sugar chains served as substrate. GIPC-PLD will become a useful catalyst for modification of polar head group of sphingophospholipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Yesmin Hasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Katsuya Morito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imai
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fukuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kaori Kanemaru
- Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junji Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryushi Kawakami
- Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, Japan
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Kida T, Itoh A, Kimura A, Matsuoka H, Imai H, Kogure K, Tokumura A, Tanaka T. Distribution of glycosylinositol phosphoceramide-specific phospholipase D activity in plants. J Biochem 2017; 161:187-195. [PMID: 28175321 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we detected an unknown sphingophospholipid in cabbage leaves and identified it as phytoceramide-1-phosphate (PC1P). We also found an enzyme activity that produces PC1P by glycosylinositol phosphoceramide (GIPC)-specific hydrolysis in cabbage leaves. To characterize the GIPC-specific phospholipase D (GIPC-PLD) activity, we investigated distributions of GIPC-PLD activity in 25 tissues of 10 plants. In most plants, the GIPC-PLD activity was the highest in roots. Young leaves of cabbage and Welsh onion had higher activities than corresponding aged outer leaves. The GIPC-PLD activities in leaves, stems and roots of mung bean were higher in the sprouting stage than in more mature stages. We also examined the distribution of substrate GIPC and product PC1P and found that GIPC was ubiquitously distributed at 50–280 nmol/g (wet wt) in tissues of plants, whereas PC1P was detectable (3–60 nmol/g wet wt.) only in tissues showing considerable GIPC-PLD activity. These results suggest a possibility that GIPC-PLD activity is involved in plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kida
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Aoi Itoh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Akari Kimura
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hisatsugu Matsuoka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imai
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0351, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
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Iqbal A, Miller JG, Murray L, Sadler IH, Fry SC. The pectic disaccharides lepidimoic acid and β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-d-galacturonic acid occur in cress-seed exudate but lack allelochemical activity. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 117:607-23. [PMID: 26957370 PMCID: PMC4817500 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cress-seed (Lepidium sativum) exudate exerts an allelochemical effect, promoting excessive hypocotyl elongation and inhibiting root growth in neighbouring Amaranthus caudatus seedlings. We investigated acidic disaccharides present in cress-seed exudate, testing the proposal that the allelochemical is an oligosaccharin-lepidimoic acid (LMA; 4-deoxy-β-l-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1→2)-l-rhamnose). METHODS Cress-seed exudate was variously treated [heating, ethanolic precipitation, solvent partitioning, high-voltage paper electrophoresis and gel-permeation chromatography (GPC)], and the products were bioassayed for effects on dark-grown Amaranthus seedlings. Two acidic disaccharides, including LMA, were isolated and characterized by electrophoresis, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and then bioassayed. KEY RESULTS Cress-seed exudate contained low-Mr, hydrophilic, heat-stable material that strongly promoted Amaranthus hypocotyl elongation and inhibited root growth, but that separated from LMA on electrophoresis and GPC. Cress-seed exudate contained ∼250 µmLMA, whose TLC and electrophoretic mobilities, susceptibility to mild acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra are reported. A second acidic disaccharide, present at ∼120 µm, was similarly characterized, and shown to be β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-d-galacturonic acid (Xyl→GalA), a repeat unit of xylogalacturonan. Purified LMA and Xyl→GalA when applied at 360 and 740 µm, respectively, only slightly promoted Amaranthus hypocotyl growth, but equally promoted root growth and thus had no effect on the hypocotyl:root ratio, unlike total cress-seed exudate. CONCLUSIONS LMA is present in cress seeds, probably formed by rhamnogalacturonan lyase action on rhamnogalacturonan-I during seed development. Our results contradict the hypothesis that LMA is a cress allelochemical that appreciably perturbs the growth of potentially competing seedlings. Since LMA and Xyl→GalA slightly promoted both hypocotyl and root elongation, their effect could be nutritional. We conclude that rhamnogalacturonan-I and xylogalacturonan (pectin domains) are not sources of oligosaccharins with allelochemical activity, and the biological roles (if any) of the disaccharides derived from them are unknown. The main allelochemical principle in cress-seed exudate remains to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Iqbal
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK and
| | - Janice G Miller
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK and
| | - Lorna Murray
- EastChem School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK
| | - Ian H Sadler
- EastChem School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK
| | - Stephen C Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK and
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Vinnitskiy DZ, Ustyuzhanina NE, Nifantiev NE. Natural bacterial and plant biomolecules bearing α-d-glucuronic acid residues. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gronnier J, Germain V, Gouguet P, Cacas JL, Mongrand S. GIPC: Glycosyl Inositol Phospho Ceramides, the major sphingolipids on earth. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1152438. [PMID: 27074617 PMCID: PMC4883921 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1152438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
What are the most abundant sphingolipids on earth? The answer is Glycosyl Inositol Phosphoryl Ceramides (GIPCs) present in fungi and the green lineage. In this review, we discuss the putative role of plant GIPCs in the lipid bilayer asymmetry, in the lateral organization of membrane rafts and in the very long chain fatty acid inter-leaflet coupling of lipids in the plant plasma membrane (PM). A special focus on the structural similarities -and putative functions- of GIPCs is discussed by comparison with animal gangliosides, structural homologs of plant GIPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gronnier
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS-University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS-University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Paul Gouguet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS-University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Cacas
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS-University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
- Université de Bourgogne, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS-University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
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7
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Voxeur A, Fry SC. Glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides from Rosa cell cultures are boron-bridged in the plasma membrane and form complexes with rhamnogalacturonan II. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:139-49. [PMID: 24804932 PMCID: PMC4230332 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is essential for plant cell-wall structure and membrane functions. Compared with its role in cross-linking the pectic domain rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), little information is known about the biological role of B in membranes. Here, we investigated the involvement of glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs), major components of lipid rafts, in the membrane requirement for B. Using thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry, we first characterized GIPCs from Rosa cell culture. The major GIPC has one hexose residue, one hexuronic acid residue, inositol phosphate, and a ceramide moiety with a C18 trihydroxylated mono-unsaturated long-chain base and a C24 monohydroxylated saturated fatty acid. Disrupting B bridging (by B starvation in vivo or by treatment with cold dilute HCl or with excess borate in vitro) enhanced the GIPCs' extractability. As RG-II is the main B-binding site in plants, we investigated whether it could form a B-centred complex with GIPCs. Using high-voltage paper electrophoresis, we showed that addition of GIPCs decreased the electrophoretic mobility of radiolabelled RG-II, suggesting formation of a GIPC-B-RG-II complex. Last, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we showed that added GIPCs facilitate RG-II dimerization in vitro. We conclude that B plays a structural role in the plasma membrane. The disruption of membrane components by high borate may account for the phytotoxicity of excess B. Moreover, the in-vitro formation of a GIPC-B-RG-II complex gives the first molecular explanation of the wall-membrane attachment sites observed in vivo. Finally, our results suggest a role for GIPCs in the RG-II dimerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Voxeur
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JH, UK
| | - Stephen C Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JH, UK
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8
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Tanaka T, Kida T, Imai H, Morishige JI, Yamashita R, Matsuoka H, Uozumi S, Satouchi K, Nagano M, Tokumura A. Identification of a sphingolipid-specific phospholipase D activity associated with the generation of phytoceramide-1-phosphate in cabbage leaves. FEBS J 2013; 280:3797-809. [PMID: 23738625 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structure and biosynthetic route for an unidentified lipid (lipid X) detected by TLC of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) lipids was determined. Lipid X is a phospholipid that is resistant to mild alkali and detectable by MALDI-TOF MS as an adduct with Phos-tag, a phosphate-capture zinc complex. Various α-hydroxy fatty acids (16:0, 22:0, 24:0 and 24:1) were detected by GC-MS of fatty acid methyl esters prepared from lipid X. The deacyl derivative of lipid X was determined to be 4-hydroxysphingenine (dehydrophytosphingosine)-1-phosphate by MALDI-TOF MS with Phos-tag. From these results, lipid X was determined to be phytoceramide-1-phosphate (PC1P) with an α-hydroxy fatty acid. When cabbage homogenates were incubated, PC1P was formed, with a concomitant decrease in the amount of glycosylinositol phosphoceramide (GIPC). The formation of PC1P from GIPC was confirmed by treatment of purified cabbage GIPC with a membrane fraction of cabbage homogenates. Using a partially purified enzyme fraction, we found that the enzyme hydrolyzes GIPC specifically, but not glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelin. Arabidopsis thaliana also had this enzyme activity. From these results, we conclude that a previously uncharacterized phospholipase D activity that specifically hydrolyzes GIPC produces PC1P in brassicaceous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tanaka
- Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
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9
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Mortimer JC, Yu X, Albrecht S, Sicilia F, Huichalaf M, Ampuero D, Michaelson LV, Murphy AM, Matsunaga T, Kurz S, Stephens E, Baldwin TC, Ishii T, Napier JA, Weber AP, Handford MG, Dupree P. Abnormal glycosphingolipid mannosylation triggers salicylic acid-mediated responses in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:1881-94. [PMID: 23695979 PMCID: PMC3694712 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana protein GOLGI-LOCALIZED NUCLEOTIDE SUGAR TRANSPORTER (GONST1) has been previously identified as a GDP-d-mannose transporter. It has been hypothesized that GONST1 provides precursors for the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides, such as glucomannan. Here, we show that in vitro GONST1 can transport all four plant GDP-sugars. However, gonst1 mutants have no reduction in glucomannan quantity and show no detectable alterations in other cell wall polysaccharides. By contrast, we show that a class of glycosylated sphingolipids (glycosylinositol phosphoceramides [GIPCs]) contains Man and that this mannosylation is affected in gonst1. GONST1 therefore is a Golgi GDP-sugar transporter that specifically supplies GDP-Man to the Golgi lumen for GIPC synthesis. gonst1 plants have a dwarfed phenotype and a constitutive hypersensitive response with elevated salicylic acid levels. This suggests an unexpected role for GIPC sugar decorations in sphingolipid function and plant defense signaling. Additionally, we discuss these data in the context of substrate channeling within the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C. Mortimer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Albrecht
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Sicilia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Mariela Huichalaf
- Department of Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Ampuero
- Department of Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Louise V. Michaelson
- Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alex M. Murphy
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Toshiro Matsunaga
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
- National Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Samantha Kurz
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Elaine Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy C. Baldwin
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1SB, United Kingdom
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Johnathan A. Napier
- Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas P.M. Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael G. Handford
- Department of Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to
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Elased KM, Gumaa KA, de Souza JB, Rahmoune H, Playfair JH, Rademacher TW. Reversal of type 2 diabetes in mice by products of malaria parasites. II. Role of inositol phosphoglycans (IPGs). Mol Genet Metab 2001; 73:248-58. [PMID: 11461192 DOI: 10.1006/mgme.2001.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that infection with Plasmodium yoelii malaria or injection of extracts from malaria-parasitized red cells induces hypoglycemia in normal mice and normalizes the hyperglycemia in mice made moderately diabetic with streptozotocin. Inositol phosphoglycans (IPGs) are released outside cells by hydrolysis of membrane-bound glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs), and act as second messengers mediating insulin action. The C57BL/Ks-db/db and C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice offer good models for studies on human obesity and Type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we show that a single iv injection of IPG-A or IPG-P extracted from P. yoelii significantly (P < 0.02) lowers the blood glucose in STZ-diabetic, db/db, and in ob/ob mice for at least 4--6 h. Using rat white adipocytes, IPG-P increased lipogenesis by 20--30% in the presence and absence of maximal concentrations of insulin (10(-8) M) (P < 0.01) and stimulated pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) phosphatase in a dose-related manner. Both IPG-A and IPG-P inhibited c-AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in a dose-related manner. Compositional analysis of IPGs after 24 h hydrolysis revealed the presence of myo-inositol, phosphorus, galactosamine, glucosamine, and glucose in both IPG-A and IPG-P. However, hydrolysis of IPGs for 4 h highlighted differences between IPG-A and IPG-P. There are some functional similarities between P. yoelii IPGs and those previously described for mammalian liver. However, this is the first report of the hypoglycemic effect of IPGs in murine models of Type 2 diabetes. We suggest that IPGs isolated from P. yoelii, when fully characterized, may provide structural information for the synthesis of new drugs for the management of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Elased
- Rademacher Group Ltd, Arthur Stanley House, 6th Floor, 40-50 Tottenham Street, London W1P 9PG, United Kingdom.
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