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Shetty MG, Pai P, Padavu M, Satyamoorthy K, Kampa Sundara B. Synergistic therapeutics: Co-targeting histone deacetylases and ribonucleotide reductase for enhanced cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116324. [PMID: 38520762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of cancer is influenced by several variables, including altered protein expression, and signaling pathways. Cancers are inherently heterogeneous and exhibit genetic and epigenetic aberrations; therefore, developing therapies that act on numerous biological targets is encouraged. To achieve this, two approaches are employed: combination therapy and dual/multiple targeting chemotherapeutics. Two enzymes, histone deacetylases (HDACs) and ribonucleotide reductase (RR), are crucial for several biological functions, including replication and repair of DNA, division of cells, transcription of genes, etc. However, it has been noted that different cancers exhibit abnormal functions of these enzymes. Potent inhibitors for each of these proteins have been extensively researched. Many medications based on these inhibitors have been successfully food and drug administration (FDA) approved, and the majority are undergoing various stages of clinical testing. This review discusses various studies of HDAC and RR inhibitors in combination therapy and dual-targeting chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Gangadhar Shetty
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Padmini Pai
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Mythili Padavu
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) University, Manjushree Nagar, Sattur, Dharwad, 580009, India
| | - Babitha Kampa Sundara
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Toma G, Karapetian E, Massa C, Quandt D, Seliger B. Characterization of the effect of histone deacetylation inhibitors on CD8 + T cells in the context of aging. J Transl Med 2022; 20:539. [PMID: 36419167 PMCID: PMC9682763 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttranslational protein modifications regulate essential cellular processes, including the immune cell activation. Despite known age-related alterations of the phenotype, composition and cytokine profiles of immune cells, the role of acetylation in the aging process of the immune system was not broadly investigated. Therefore, in the current study the effect of acetylation on the protein expression profiles and function of CD8+ T cells from donors of distinct age was analyzed using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). METHODS CD8+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 30 young (< 30 years) and 30 old (> 60 years) healthy donors were activated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies in the presence and absence of a cocktail of HDACi. The protein expression profiles of untreated and HDACi-treated CD8+ T cells were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins with a differential expression level (less than 0.66-fold decrease or more than 1.5-fold increase) between CD8+ T cells of young and old donors were identified by matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Functional enrichment analysis of proteins identified was performed using the online tool STRING. The function of CD8+ T cells was assessed by analyses of cytokine secretion, surface expression of activation markers, proliferative capacity and apoptosis rate. RESULTS The HDACi treatment of CD8+ T cells increased in an age-independent manner the intracellular acetylation of proteins, in particular cytoskeleton components and chaperones. Despite a strong similarity between the protein expression profiles of both age groups, the functional activity of CD8+ T cells significantly differed with an age-dependent increase in cytokine secretion and expression of activation markers for CD8+ T cells from old donors, which was maintained after HDACi treatment. The proliferation and apoptosis rate of CD8+ T cells after HDACi treatment was equal between both age groups. CONCLUSIONS Despite a comparable effect of HDACi treatment on the protein signature of CD8+ T cells from donors of different ages, an initial higher functionality of CD8+ T cells from old donors when compared to CD8+ T cells from young donors was detected, which might have clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Toma
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Eliza Karapetian
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Chiara Massa
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Dagmar Quandt
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle, Germany ,grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Bouyahya A, El Omari N, Bakha M, Aanniz T, El Menyiy N, El Hachlafi N, El Baaboua A, El-Shazly M, Alshahrani MM, Al Awadh AA, Lee LH, Benali T, Mubarak MS. Pharmacological Properties of Trichostatin A, Focusing on the Anticancer Potential: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101235. [PMID: 36297347 PMCID: PMC9612318 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichostatin A (TSA), a natural derivative of dienohydroxamic acid derived from a fungal metabolite, exhibits various biological activities. It exerts antidiabetic activity and reverses high glucose levels caused by the downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in Schwann cells, anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the expression of various cytokines, and significant antioxidant activity by suppressing oxidative stress through multiple mechanisms. Most importantly, TSA exhibits potent inhibitory activity against different types of cancer through different pathways. The anticancer activity of TSA appeared in many in vitro and in vivo investigations that involved various cell lines and animal models. Indeed, TSA exhibits anticancer properties alone or in combination with other drugs used in chemotherapy. It induces sensitivity of some human cancers toward chemotherapeutical drugs. TSA also exhibits its action on epigenetic modulators involved in cell transformation, and therefore it is considered an epidrug candidate for cancer therapy. Accordingly, this work presents a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in utilizing this natural compound for the prevention, management, and treatment of various diseases, including cancer, along with the multiple mechanisms of action. In addition, this review summarizes the most recent and relevant literature that deals with the use of TSA as a therapeutic agent against various diseases, emphasizing its anticancer potential and the anticancer molecular mechanisms. Moreover, TSA has not been involved in toxicological effects on normal cells. Furthermore, this work highlights the potential utilization of TSA as a complementary or alternative medicine for preventing and treating cancer, alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.-H.L.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bakha
- Unit of Plant Biotechnology and Sustainable Development of Natural Resources “B2DRN”, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Beni Mellal, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Mghila, P.O. Box 592, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Tarik Aanniz
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat B.P. 6203, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco
| | - Naoufal El Hachlafi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohmed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road Fez, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Aicha El Baaboua
- Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.-H.L.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Sidi Bouzid B.P. 4162, Morocco
| | - Mohammad S. Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amma 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.-H.L.); (M.S.M.)
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Xiang XS, Li PC, Wang WQ, Liu L. Histone deacetylases: A novel class of therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188676. [PMID: 35016922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with a low 5-year survival rate. Novel agents are urgently necessary to treat the main pathological type, known as pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC). The dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been identified in association with PDAC, which can be more easily targeted by small molecular inhibitors than gene mutations and may represent a therapeutic breakthrough for PDAC. However, the contributions of HDACs to PDAC remain controversial, and pharmacokinetic challenges have limited the application of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) in PDAC. This review summarizes the mechanisms associated with success and failure of HDACis in PDAC and discusses the recent progress made in HDACi development and application, such as combination therapies designed to enhance efficacy. More precise strategies involving HDACis might eventually improve the outcomes of PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Xiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Cappellacci L, Perinelli DR, Maggi F, Grifantini M, Petrelli R. Recent Progress in Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2449-2493. [PMID: 30332940 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181016163110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a relatively new class of anti-cancer agents that play important roles in epigenetic or non-epigenetic regulation, inducing death, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Recently, their use has been clinically validated in cancer patients resulting in the approval by the FDA of four HDAC inhibitors, vorinostat, romidepsin, belinostat and panobinostat, used for the treatment of cutaneous/peripheral T-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Many more HDAC inhibitors are at different stages of clinical development for the treatment of hematological malignancies as well as solid tumors. Also, clinical trials of several HDAC inhibitors for use as anti-cancer drugs (alone or in combination with other anti-cancer therapeutics) are ongoing. In the intensifying efforts to discover new, hopefully, more therapeutically efficacious HDAC inhibitors, molecular modelingbased rational drug design has played an important role. In this review, we summarize four major structural classes of HDAC inhibitors (hydroxamic acid derivatives, aminobenzamide, cyclic peptide and short-chain fatty acids) that are in clinical trials and different computer modeling tools available for their structural modifications as a guide to discover additional HDAC inhibitors with greater therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Cappellacci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Diego R Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mario Grifantini
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Selective Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases 1/2/6 in Combination with Gemcitabine: A Promising Combination for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091327. [PMID: 31500290 PMCID: PMC6770665 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a five-year survival rate of <10% due in part to a lack of effective therapies. Pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have shown preclinical efficacy against PDAC but have failed in the clinic due to toxicity. Selective HDAC inhibitors may reduce toxicity while retaining therapeutic efficacy. However, their use requires identification of the specific HDACs that mediate the therapeutic effects of HDAC inhibitors in PDAC. We determined that the HDAC1/2/3 inhibitor Mocetinostat synergizes with the HDAC4/5/6 inhibitor LMK-235 in a panel of PDAC cell lines. Furthermore, while neither drug alone synergizes with gemcitabine, the combination of Mocetinostat, LMK-235, and gemcitabine showed strong synergy. Using small interfering (si)RNA-mediated knockdown, this synergy was attributed to inhibition of HDACs 1, 2, and 6. Pharmacological inhibition of HDACs 1 and 2 with Romidepsin and HDAC6 with ACY-1215 also potently synergized with gemcitabine in a panel of PDAC cell lines, and this drug combination potentiated the antitumor effects of gemcitabine against PDAC xenografts in vivo. Collectively, our data show that inhibition of multiple HDACs is required for therapeutic effects of HDAC inhibitors and support the development of novel strategies to inhibit HDACs 1, 2, and 6 for PDAC therapy.
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7
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Wei R, Penso NEC, Hackman RM, Wang Y, Mackenzie GG. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth, Invasion, and Migration partly through the Inhibition of Akt Pathway and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Enhanced Efficacy when Combined with Gemcitabine. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1856. [PMID: 31405071 PMCID: PMC6722696 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most pancreatic cancers are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage when they have already metastasized. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenolic constituent of green tea, has been shown to reduce pancreatic cancer growth, but its effect on metastasis remains elusive. This study evaluated the capacity of EGCG to inhibit pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion and the underlying mechanisms. EGCG reduced pancreatic cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. EGCG prevented "Cadherin switch" and decreased the expression level of TCF8/ZEB1, β-Catenin, and Vimentin. Mechanistically, EGCG inhibited the Akt pathway in a time-dependent manner, by suppressing IGFR phosphorylation and inducing Akt degradation. Co-treatment with catalase or N-Acetyl-L-cysteine did not abrogate EGCG's effect on the Akt pathway or cell growth. Moreover, EGCG synergized with gemcitabine to suppress pancreatic cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion, through modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and inhibiting Akt pathway. In summary, EGCG may prove beneficial to improve gemcitabine sensitivity in inhibiting pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion, to some extent through the inhibition of Akt pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Tea Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Robert M Hackman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Tea Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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The histone deacetylase class I, II inhibitor trichostatin A delays peripheral neurodegeneration. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:167-178. [PMID: 30671879 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves, which consist of an axon and a unique glial cell called a Schwann cell, transduce signals from the brain and spinal cord to target organs. Peripheral nerve degeneration leads to distal motor or sensory disorders such as diabetic neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and Gullain-Barré syndrome, with symptoms such as dysesthesia, speech impairment, vision change, erectile dysfunction, and urinary incontinence. Schwann cells play an important role in peripheral nerve degeneration. Therefore, revealing the characteristics of Schwann cells will be essential in understanding peripheral neurodegeneration-related diseases for which there is currently no effective treatment. Trichostatin A (TSA) is a noncompetitive, reversible inhibitor of class I and II histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDACs have been shown not only to deacetylate histones but also to target non-histone proteins involved in diverse signaling pathways. Recent studies have revealed that diverse HDAC subtypes regulate peripheral neurodegeneration. Thus, regulating HDAC levels could be an effective strategy for the development of drugs targeting peripheral nerve-related diseases. In fact, the use of TSA has been investigated for the treatment of many diseases, including degenerative diseases of the central nervous system; however, the effects of TSA on peripheral neurodegeneration have not yet been well established. In this study, we revealed the effect of TSA on the process of peripheral neurodegeneration. TSA successfully inhibited myelin fragmentation, axonal degradation, and trans-dedifferentiation and proliferation of Schwann cells, which are essential phenotypes in peripheral neurodegeneration. Therefore, TSA could be a potential drug for patients suffering from peripheral neurodegeneration-related diseases.
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Phan M, Watson MF, Alain T, Diallo JS. Oncolytic Viruses on Drugs: Achieving Higher Therapeutic Efficacy. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1448-1467. [PMID: 30152676 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years there has been a dramatic expansion in the testing of oncolytic viruses (OVs) for the treatment of cancer. OVs are unique biotherapeutics that induce multimodal responses toward tumors, from direct cytopathic effects on cancer cells, to tumor associated blood vessel disruption, and ultimately potent stimulation of anti-tumor immune activation. These agents are highly targeted and can be efficacious as cancer treatments resulting in some patients experiencing complete tumor regression and even cures from OV monotherapy. However, most patients have limited responses with viral replication in tumors often found to be modest and transient. To augment OV replication, increase bystander killing of cancer cells, and/or stimulate stronger targeted anti-cancer immune responses, drug combination approaches have taken center stage for translation to the clinic. Here we comprehensively review drugs that have been combined with OVs to increase therapeutic efficacy, examining the proposed mechanisms of action, and we discuss trends in pharmaco-viral immunotherapeutic approaches currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Phan
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Margaret F. Watson
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road Research Building 2, Second Floor, Room 2119, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Tommy Alain
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road Research Building 2, Second Floor, Room 2119, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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Liao B, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Jiang P. Vorinostat enhances the anticancer effect of oxaliplatin on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Med 2018; 7:196-207. [PMID: 29239146 PMCID: PMC5773972 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin-based systemic chemotherapy has been proposed to have efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the combination of vorinostat and oxaliplatin for possible synergism in HCC cells. SMMC7721, BEL7402, and HepG2 cells were treated with vorinostat and oxaliplatin. Cytotoxicity assay, tumorigenicity assay in vitro, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis analysis, western blot analysis, animal model study, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR were performed. We found that vorinostat and oxaliplatin inhibited the proliferation of SMMC7721, BEL7402, and HepG2 cells. The combination index (CI) values were all <1, and the dose-reduction index values were all greater than 1 in the three cell lines, indicating a synergistic effect of combination of the two agents. Coadministration of vorinostat and oxaliplatin induced G2/M phase arrest, triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis, and decreased tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo. Vorinostat suppressed the expression of BRCA1 induced by oxaliplatin. In conclusion, cotreatment with vorinostat and oxaliplatin exhibited synergism in HCC cells. The combination inhibited cell proliferation and tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our results predict that a combination of vorinostat and oxaliplatin may be useful in the treatment of advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Intensive Care UnitZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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Lopez G, Braggio D, Zewdu A, Casadei L, Batte K, Bid HK, Koller D, Yu P, Iwenofu OH, Strohecker A, Choy E, Lev D, Pollock R. Mocetinostat combined with gemcitabine for the treatment of leiomyosarcoma: Preclinical correlates. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188859. [PMID: 29186204 PMCID: PMC5706733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a malignant soft tissue sarcoma (STS) with a dismal prognosis following metastatic disease. Chemotherapeutic intervention has demonstrated to have modest clinical efficacy with no curative potential in LMS patients. Previously, we demonstrated pan-HDAC inhibition to have a superior effect in various complex karyotypic sarcomas. In this study, our goal is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of mocetinostat alone and in combination with gemcitabine in LMS. Human leiomyosarcoma (LMS) cell lines were used for in vitro and in vivo studies. Compounds tested included the class I HDAC inhibitor, mocetinostat, and nucleoside analog, gemcitabine. MTS and clonogenic assays were used to evaluate the effect of mocetinostat on LMS cell growth. Cleaved caspase 3/7 analysis was used to determine the effects of mocetinostat on apoptosis. Compusyn software was used to determine in vitro synergy studies for the combination of mocetinostat plus gemcitabine. A LMS xenograft model in SCID mice was used to test the impact of mocetinostat alone, gemcitabine alone and the combination of mocetinostat plus gemcitabine. Mocetinostat abrogated LMS cell growth and clonogenic potential, and enhanced apoptosis in LMS cell lines. The combination of mocetinostat plus gemcitabine exhibited a synergistic effect in LMS cells in vitro. Similarly, mocetinostat combined with gemcitabine resulted in superior anti-LMS effects in vivo. Mocetinostat reduced the expression of gemcitabine-resistance markers RRM1, RRM2, and increased the expression of gemcitabine-sensitivity marker, hENT1, in LMS cells. LMS are aggressive, metastatic tumors with poor prognosis where effective therapeutic interventions are wanting. Our studies demonstrate the potential utility of mocetinostat combined with gemcitabine for the treatment of LMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Lopez
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Danielle Braggio
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Abeba Zewdu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Lucia Casadei
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Kara Batte
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Hemant Kumar Bid
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - David Koller
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Peter Yu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Obiajulu Hans Iwenofu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Anne Strohecker
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Edwin Choy
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Dina Lev
- Surgery B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raphael Pollock
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Use of a genome-wide haploid genetic screen to identify treatment predicting factors: a proof-of-principle study in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63635-63645. [PMID: 28969017 PMCID: PMC5609949 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to develop a comprehensive panel of treatment predicting factors would significantly improve our ability to stratify patients for cytotoxic or targeted therapies, and prevent patients receiving ineffective treatments. We have investigated if a recently developed genome-wide haploid genetic screen can be used to reveal the critical mediators of response to anticancer therapy. Pancreatic cancer is known to be highly resistant to systemic therapy. Recently epigenetic changes have been shown to be a key determinant in the maintenance of subpopulations of cancer cells with high-level resistance to cytotoxic therapy. We show that in human pancreatic cancer cell lines, treatment with the potent class I histone deacetylase inhibitor, entinostat, synergistically enhances gemcitabine-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Using a genome-wide haploid genetic screen, we identified deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) as one of the genes with the highest degree of insertional enrichment following treatment with gemcitabine and entinostat; DCK is already known to be the rate-limiting activating enzyme for gemcitabine. Immunoblotting confirmed loss of DCK protein expression in the resistant KBM7 cells. CRISPR/Cas-9 inactivation of DCK in pancreatic cancer cell lines resulted in resistance to gemcitabine alone and in combination with entinostat. We have identified gemcitabine and entinostat as a potential new combination therapy in pancreatic cancer, and in this proof-of-principle study we have demonstrated that a recently developed haploid genetic screen can be used as a novel approach to identify the critical genes that determine treatment response.
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Li Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Li J, Chen K, Zhang L, Deng M, Deng S, Li P, Xu B. Cooperative effect of chidamide and chemotherapeutic drugs induce apoptosis by DNA damage accumulation and repair defects in acute myeloid leukemia stem and progenitor cells. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:83. [PMID: 28814980 PMCID: PMC5556349 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many conventional chemotherapeutic drugs are known to be involved in DNA damage, thus ultimately leading to apoptosis of leukemic cells. However, they fail to completely eliminate leukemia stem cells (LSCs) due to their higher DNA repair capacity of cancer stem cells than that of bulk cancer cells, which becomes the root of drug resistance and leukemia recurrence. A new strategy to eliminate LSCs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is therefore urgently needed. RESULTS We report that a low-dose chidamide, a novel orally active benzamide-type histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, which selectively targets HDACs 1, 2, 3, and 10, could enhance the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents (daunorubicin, idarubicin, and cytarabine) in CD34+CD38- KG1α cells, CD34+CD38- Kasumi cells, and primary refractory or relapsed AML CD34+ cells, reflected by the inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and increase of cell cycle arrest in vitro. Mechanistically, these events were associated with DNA damage accumulation and repair defects. Co-treatment with chidamide and the DNA-damaging agent IDA gave rise to the production of γH2A.X and inhibited posttranslationally but not transcriptionally the repair gene of ATM, BRCA1, and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and 2 (CHK2) phosphorylation. Finally, the combination of chidamide and IDA initiated caspase-3 and PARP cleavage, but not caspase-8 and caspase-9, and ultimately induced CD34+CD38- KG1α cell apoptosis. Further analysis of AML patients' clinical characteristics revealed that the ex vivo efficacy of chidamide in combination with IDA in primary CD34+ samples was significantly correlated to peripheral blood WBC counts at diagnosis, while LDH levels and karyotype status had no effect, indicating that the combination regimen of chidamide and IDA could rapidly diminish tumor burden in patients with R/R AML. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preclinical evidence for low-dose chidamide in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in treating recurrent/resistant AML as an alternative salvage regimen, especially those possessing stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 People's Republic of China
| | - Leisi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Deng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003 People's Republic of China
| | - Suqi Deng
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003 People's Republic of China
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Ioka T, Komatsu Y, Mizuno N, Tsuji A, Ohkawa S, Tanaka M, Iguchi H, Ishiguro A, Kitano M, Satoh T, Yamaguchi T, Takeda K, Kida M, Eguchi K, Ito T, Munakata M, Itoi T, Furuse J, Hamada C, Sakata Y. Randomised phase II trial of irinotecan plus S-1 in patients with gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:464-471. [PMID: 28081543 PMCID: PMC5318973 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of irinotecan/S-1 (IRIS) therapy with S-1 monotherapy in patients with gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer. Methods: Patients were treated with oral S-1 (80–120 mg for 14 days every 4 weeks) plus intravenous irinotecan (100 mg m−2 on days 1 and 15 every 4 weeks; IRIS group) or oral S-1 group (80–120 mg daily for 28 days every 6 weeks). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Of 137 patients enrolled, 127 were eligible for efficacy. The median PFS in the IRIS group and S-1 monotherapy group were 3.5 and 1.9 months, respectively (hazard ratio (HR)=0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.53–1.11; P=0.18), while the median overall survival (OS) were 6.8 and 5.8 months, respectively (HR=0.75; 95% CI, 0.51–1.09; P=0.13). Response rate was significantly higher in the IRIS group than in the S-1 monotherapy group (18.3% vs 6.0%, P=0.03). Grade 3 or higher neutropenia and anorexia occurred more frequently in the IRIS group. Conclusions: There was a trend for better PFS and OS in the IRIS group that could be a treatment arm in the clinical trials for gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ioka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | - Y Komatsu
- Department of Cancer Chemotherapy, Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, 5-chome, Kita 14 Jou Nishi, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - N Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - A Tsuji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kochi Health Sciences Center, 2125-1 Ike, Kochi 781-0111, Japan
| | - S Ohkawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan
| | - M Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - H Iguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, 160 Kou, Minamiumemoto-chou, Matsuyama 791-0280, Japan
| | - A Ishiguro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hirosaki University, 53 Hon-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - M Kitano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2 Onohigashi, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - T Satoh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University, 377-2 Onohigashi, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - T Yamaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chiba Cancer Center Hospital, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - K Takeda
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-hondori, Miyakojia-ku, Osaka 534-0021, Japan
| | - M Kida
- Department of Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Asamizodai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - K Eguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - T Ito
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - M Munakata
- Department of Medical Oncology, Misawa City Hospital, 164-65 Oazamisawaazahoriuchi, Misawa 033-0022, Japan
| | - T Itoi
- Department of Gastroenterological Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 166-0023, Japan
| | - J Furuse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, 181-8611, Japan
| | - C Hamada
- Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Y Sakata
- Department of Medical Oncology, Misawa City Hospital, 164-65 Oazamisawaazahoriuchi, Misawa 033-0022, Japan
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HDAC1 and HDAC2 integrate the expression of p53 mutants in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:1804-1815. [PMID: 27721407 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of p53 is a frequent genetic lesion in pancreatic cancer being an unmet clinical challenge. Mutants of p53 have lost the tumour-suppressive functions of wild type p53. In addition, p53 mutants exert tumour-promoting functions, qualifying them as important therapeutic targets. Here, we show that the class I histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2 contribute to maintain the expression of p53 mutants in human and genetically defined murine pancreatic cancer cells. Our data reveal that the inhibition of these HDACs with small molecule HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), as well as the specific genetic elimination of HDAC1 and HDAC2, reduce the expression of mutant p53 mRNA and protein levels. We further show that HDAC1, HDAC2 and MYC directly bind to the TP53 gene and that MYC recruitment drops upon HDAC inhibitor treatment. Therefore, our results illustrate a previously unrecognized class I HDAC-dependent control of the TP53 gene and provide evidence for a contribution of MYC. A combined approach targeting HDAC1/HDAC2 and MYC may present a novel and molecularly defined strategy to target mutant p53 in pancreatic cancer.
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Trichostatin A Enhances the Apoptotic Potential of Palladium Nanoparticles in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081354. [PMID: 27548148 PMCID: PMC5000750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer ranks seventh overall among all types of cancer in women. Although several treatments, including radiation, surgery and chemotherapy, are available to eradicate or reduce the size of cancer, many cancers eventually relapse. Thus, it is essential to identify possible alternative therapeutic approaches for cancer. We sought to identify alternative and effective therapeutic approaches, by first synthesizing palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs), using a novel biomolecule called saponin. The synthesized PdNPs were characterized by several analytical techniques. They were significantly spherical in shape, with an average size of 5 nm. Recently, PdNPs gained much interest in various therapies of cancer cells. Similarly, histone deacetylase inhibitors are known to play a vital role in anti-proliferative activity, gene expression, cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis in various cancer cells. Therefore, we selected trichostatin A (TSA) and PdNPs and studied their combined effect on apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Cells treated with either TSA or PdNPs showed a dose-dependent effect on cell viability. The combinatorial effect, tested with 50 nM TSA and 50 nMPdNPs, had a more dramatic inhibitory effect on cell viability, than either TSA or PdNPs alone. The combination of TSA and PdNPs had a more pronounced effect on cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase-3/9 activity and expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes. Our data show a strong synergistic interaction between TSA and PdNPs in cervical cancer cells. The combinatorial treatment increased the therapeutic potential and demonstrated relevant targeted therapy for cervical cancer. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence for the combinatory effect and cytotoxicity mechanism of TSA and PdNPs in cervical cancer cells.
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Connectivity mapping using a combined gene signature from multiple colorectal cancer datasets identified candidate drugs including existing chemotherapies. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015; 9 Suppl 5:S4. [PMID: 26356760 PMCID: PMC4565135 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-9-s5-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the discovery of new drugs is a complex, lengthy and costly process, identifying new uses for existing drugs is a cost-effective approach to therapeutic discovery. Connectivity mapping integrates gene expression profiling with advanced algorithms to connect genes, diseases and small molecule compounds and has been applied in a large number of studies to identify potential drugs, particularly to facilitate drug repurposing. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer with high mortality rates, presenting a worldwide health problem. With the advancement of high throughput omics technologies, a number of large scale gene expression profiling studies have been conducted on CRCs, providing multiple datasets in gene expression data repositories. In this work, we systematically apply gene expression connectivity mapping to multiple CRC datasets to identify candidate therapeutics to this disease. RESULTS We developed a robust method to compile a combined gene signature for colorectal cancer across multiple datasets. Connectivity mapping analysis with this signature of 148 genes identified 10 candidate compounds, including irinotecan and etoposide, which are chemotherapy drugs currently used to treat CRCs. These results indicate that we have discovered high quality connections between the CRC disease state and the candidate compounds, and that the gene signature we created may be used as a potential therapeutic target in treating the disease. The method we proposed is highly effective in generating quality gene signature through multiple datasets; the publication of the combined CRC gene signature and the list of candidate compounds from this work will benefit both cancer and systems biology research communities for further development and investigations.
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18
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Kadera BE, Toste PA, Wu N, Li L, Nguyen AH, Dawson DW, Donahue TR. Low expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL confers chemoresistance in human pancreatic cancer and is targeted by epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:157-65. [PMID: 25348515 PMCID: PMC4286535 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Expression of CBL, an ubiquitin ligase, is decreased in 60% of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) and is associated with shorter overall survival. We sought to determine how low CBL directly contributes to clinically more aggressive PDAC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Human PDACs were stained for CBL, pEGFR, and EGFR. CBL-low was modeled in PDAC cells (Panc-1, L3.6pl, and AsPC-1) via transient transfection (siRNA) or stable knockdown (shRNA). Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT assays and FACS. Immunoblot and a phospho-receptor tyrosine kinase (pRTK) array were used to probe signal transduction. NOD-scid-IL2Rγ(null) mice were subcutaneously implanted with PDAC or PDAC(CBL-low) cells on opposite flanks and treated with gemcitabine ± erlotinib for ≥4 weeks. RESULTS There was an inverse correlation between CBL and pEGFR protein expression in 12 of 15 tumors. CBL knockdown increased PDAC resistance to gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by upregulating pEGFR (Y1068), pERK, and pAKT. A pRTK array of PDAC(CBL-low) cells revealed additional activated tyrosine kinases but all to a much lower magnitude than EGFR. Increased chemoresistance from low CBL was abrogated by the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib both in vitro and in vivo. Erlotinib+gemcitabine-treated PDAC(CBL-low) cells exhibited greater apoptosis by cleaved PARP, caspase-3, and Annexin V/PI. CONCLUSIONS Low CBL causes chemoresistance in PDAC via stress-induced EGFR activation that can be effectively abrogated by EGFR inhibition. These results suggest that dysregulation of ubiquitination is a key mechanism of EGFR hyperactivation in PDAC and that low CBL may define PDAC tumors likely to respond to erlotinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Kadera
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul A Toste
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nanping Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Luyi Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew H Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David W Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Timothy R Donahue
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Dalla Pozza E, Dando I, Biondani G, Brandi J, Costanzo C, Zoratti E, Fassan M, Boschi F, Melisi D, Cecconi D, Scupoli MT, Scarpa A, Palmieri M. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines display a plastic ability to bi‑directionally convert into cancer stem cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:1099-108. [PMID: 25502497 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often diagnosed when metastatic events have occurred. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in tumor initiation, metastasis, chemoresistance and relapse. A growing number of studies have suggested that CSCs exist in a dynamic equilibrium with more differentiated cancer cells via a bi‑directional regeneration that is dependent on the environmental stimuli. In this investigation, we obtain, by using a selective medium, PDAC CSCs from five out of nine PDAC cell lines, endowed with different tumorsphere‑forming ability. PDAC CSCs were generally more resistant to the action of five anticancer drugs than parental cell lines and were characterized by an increased expression of EpCAM and CD44v6, typical stem cell surface markers, and a decreased expression of E‑cadherin, the main marker of the epithelial state. PDAC CSCs were able to re‑differentiate into parental cells once cultured in parental growth condition, as demonstrated by re‑acquisition of the epithelial morphology, the decreased expression levels of EpCAM and CD44v6 and the increased sensitivity to anticancer drugs. Finally, PDAC CSCs injected into nude mice developed a larger subcutaneous tumor mass and showed a higher metastatic activity compared to parental cells. The present study demonstrates the ability to obtain CSCs from several PDAC cell lines and that these cells are differentially resistant to various anticancer agents. This variability renders them a model of great importance to deeply understand pancreatic adenocarcinoma biology, to discover new biomarkers and to screen new therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Biondani
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Costanzo
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Zoratti
- Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC‑NET) and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC‑NET) and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Scupoli
- Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC‑NET) and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC‑NET) and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Zohre S, Kazem NK, Abolfazl A, Mohammad RY, Aliakbar M, Effat A, Zahra D, Hassan D, Nosratollah Z. Trichostatin A-induced Apoptosis is Mediated by Krüppel-like Factor 4 in Ovarian and Lung Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:6581-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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21
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Furutani A, Sowa Y, Fujiwara H, Otsuji E, Sakai T. The Novel HDAC Inhibitor OBP-801/YM753 Enhances the Effects of 5-Fluorouracil With Radiation on Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Oncol Res 2014; 21:281-6. [DOI: 10.3727/096504014x13890370410249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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22
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Feng W, Zhang B, Cai D, Zou X. Therapeutic potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:183-90. [PMID: 24534202 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with a dismal prognosis. Surgical resection is the only curative option but is heavily hampered by delayed diagnosis. Due to few therapeutic treatments available, novel and efficacious therapy is urgently needed. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are emerging as a prominent class of therapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer and have exhibited significant anticancer potential with negligible toxicity in preclinical studies. Clinical evaluations of HDACIs are currently underway. HDACIs as monotherapy in solid tumors have proven less effective than hematological malignancies, the combination of HDACIs with other anticancer agents have been assessed for advanced pancreatic cancer. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanism underpin the anticancer effect of HDACIs in pancreatic cancer and summarize the recent advances in the rationale for the combination strategies incorporating HDACIs. In addition, we discuss the importance of identifying predictors of response to HDACI-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Dawei Cai
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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23
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Tan XG, Yang ZL, Yang LP, Miao XY. Expression of DNA-repair proteins and their significance in pancreatic cancer and non-cancerous pancreatic tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:32. [PMID: 24502441 PMCID: PMC3931407 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To establish a model of pancreatic cancer induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzantracene (DMBA) in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, and detect the expression of DNA-repair proteins (MGMT, ERCC1, hMSH2, and hMLH1) and their significance in pancreatic cancer and non-cancerous pancreatic tissues of SD rats. Methods DMBA was directly implanted into the parenchyma of rat pancreas (group A and group B), and group B rats were then treated with trichostatin A (TSA). The rats in both groups were executed within 3 to 5 months, and their pancreatic tissues were observed by macrography and under microscopy. Meanwhile, the rats in the control group (group C) were executed at 5 months. Immunohistochemistry was used to assay the expression of MGMT, ERCC1, hMSH2, and hMLH1. Results The incidence of pancreatic cancer in group A within 3 to 5 months was 48.7% (18/37), including 1 case of fibrosarcoma. The incidence of pancreatic cancer in group B was 33.3% (12/36), including 1 case of fibrosarcoma. The mean of maximal diameters of tumors in group A was higher than that in group B (P <0.05). No pathological changes were found in pancreas of group C and other main organs (except pancreas) of group A and group B. No statistical differences were found among the positive rates of MGMT, ERCC1, hMSH2, and hMLH1 in ductal adenocarcinoma and non-cancerous pancreatic tissues of group A (P >0.05). The positive rates of MGMT, ERCC1, hMSH2, and hMLH1 were significantly lower in ductal adenocarcinoma than those in non-cancerous tissues of group B (P ≤0.05). All pancreas of group C had positive expression of MGMT, ERCC1, hMSH2, and hMLH1 and two cases of fibrosarcoma showed a negative expression. Conclusions DMBA, directly implanted into the parenchyma of pancreas, creates an ideal pancreatic cancer model within a short time. TSA might restrain DNA damage related to the genesis and growth of pancreatic cancer in rats. The DNA-repair proteins, including MGMT, ERCC1, hMSH2, and hMLH1, might play an important role in the genesis of pancreatic cancer induced by DMBA in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhu-lin Yang
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Marchion D, Münster P. Development of histone deacetylase inhibitors for cancer treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 7:583-98. [PMID: 17428177 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.7.4.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are an exciting new addition to the arsenal of cancer therapeutics. The inhibition of HDAC enzymes by HDAC inhibitors shifts the balance between the deacetylation activity of HDAC enzymes and the acetylation activity of histone acetyltransferases, resulting in hyperacetylation of core histones. Exposure of cancer cells to HDAC inhibitors has been associated with a multitude of molecular and biological effects, ranging from transcriptional control, chromatin plasticity, protein-DNA interaction to cellular differentiation, growth arrest and apoptosis. In addition to the antitumor effects seen with HDAC inhibitors alone, these compounds may also potentiate cytotoxic agents or synergize with other targeted anticancer agents. The exact mechanism by which HDAC inhibitors cause cell death is still unclear and the specific roles of individual HDAC enzymes as therapeutic targets has not been established. However, emerging evidence suggests that the effects of HDAC inhibitors on tumor cells may not only depend on the specificity and selectivity of the HDAC inhibitor, but also on the expression patterns of HDAC enzymes in the tumor tissue. In this review, the recent advances in the understanding and clinical development of HDAC inhibitors, as well as their current role in cancer therapy, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Marchion
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Experimental Therapeutics Program, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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25
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van Kampen JGM, Marijnissen-van Zanten MAJ, Simmer F, van der Graaf WTA, Ligtenberg MJL, Nagtegaal ID. Epigenetic targeting in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:656-64. [PMID: 24433955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients is very poor, with a 5-year survival of less than 6%. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic options in pancreatic cancer. In the past years it became evident that deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms plays an important role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the exploitation of drugs that alter histone modifications, DNA methylation and microRNA expression as options for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn G M van Kampen
- Department of Pathology 824, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Urology 267, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Femke Simmer
- Department of Pathology 824, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Winette T A van der Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology 452, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolijn J L Ligtenberg
- Department of Pathology 824, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics 855, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology 824, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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The anti-tumor effect of HDAC inhibition in a human pancreas cancer model is significantly improved by the simultaneous inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75102. [PMID: 24040391 PMCID: PMC3770617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with no satisfactory treatment to date. In this study, we tested whether the combined inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) may results in a better control of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The impact of the concomitant HDAC and COX-2 inhibition on cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle was assessed first in vitro on human pancreas BxPC-3, PANC-1 or CFPAC-1 cells treated with chemical inhibitors (SAHA, MS-275 and celecoxib) or HDAC1/2/3/7 siRNA. To test the potential antitumoral activity of this combination in vivo, we have developed and characterized, a refined chick chorioallantoic membrane tumor model that histologically and proteomically mimics human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The combination of HDAC1/3 and COX-2 inhibition significantly impaired proliferation of BxPC-3 cells in vitro and stalled entirely the BxPC-3 cells tumor growth onto the chorioallantoic membrane in vivo. The combination was more effective than either drug used alone. Consistently, we showed that both HDAC1 and HDAC3 inhibition induced the expression of COX-2 via the NF-kB pathway. Our data demonstrate, for the first time in a Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) model, a significant action of HDAC and COX-2 inhibitors on cancer cell growth, which sets the basis for the development of potentially effective new combinatory therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients.
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Specific acetylation of p53 by HDAC inhibition prevents DNA damage-induced apoptosis in neurons. J Neurosci 2013; 33:8621-32. [PMID: 23678107 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5214-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been used to promote neuronal survival and ameliorate neurological dysfunction in a host of neurodegenerative disease models. The precise molecular mechanisms whereby HDAC inhibitors prevent neuronal death are currently the focus of intensive research. Here we demonstrate that HDAC inhibition prevents DNA damage-induced neurodegeneration by modifying the acetylation pattern of the tumor suppressor p53, which decreases its DNA-binding and transcriptional activation of target genes. Specifically, we identify that acetylation at K382 and K381 prevents p53 from associating with the pro-apoptotic PUMA gene promoter, activating transcription, and inducing apoptosis in mouse primary cortical neurons. Paradoxically, acetylation of p53 at the same lysines in various cancer cell lines leads to the induction of PUMA expression and death. Together, our data provide a molecular understanding of the specific outcomes of HDAC inhibition and suggest that strategies aimed at enhancing p53 acetylation at K381 and K382 might be therapeutically viable for capturing the beneficial effects in the CNS, without compromising tumor suppression.
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Zou Y, Howell GM, Humphrey LE, Wang J, Brattain MG. Ron knockdown and Ron monoclonal antibody IMC-RON8 sensitize pancreatic cancer to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). PLoS One 2013; 8:e69992. [PMID: 23922886 PMCID: PMC3726703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recepteur d'origine nantais (Ron) is overexpressed in a panel of pancreatic cancer cells and tissue samples from pancreatic cancer patients. Ron can be activated by its ligand macrophage stimulating protein (MSP), thereby activating oncogenic signaling pathways. Crosstalk between Ron and EGFR, c-Met, or IGF-1R may provide a mechanism underlying drug resistance. Thus, targeting Ron may represent a novel therapeutic strategy. IMC-RON8 is the first Ron monoclonal antibody (mAb) entering clinical trial for targeting Ron overexpression. Our studies show IMC-RON8 downmodulated Ron expression in pancreatic cancer cells and significantly blocked MSP-stimulated Ron activation, downstream Akt and ERK phosphorylation, and survivin mRNA expression. IMC-RON8 hindered MSP-induced cell migration and reduced cell transformation. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are reported to target expression of various genes through modification of nucleosome histones and non-histone proteins. Our work shows HDACi TSA and Panobinostat (PS) decreased Ron mRNA and protein expression in pancreatic cancer cells. PS also reduced downstream signaling of pAkt, survivin, and XIAP, as well as enhanced cell apoptosis. Interestingly, PS reduced colony formation in Ron knockdown cells to a greater extent than Ron scramble control cells in colony formation and soft agarose assays. IMC-RON8 could also sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to PS, as reflected by reduced colony numbers and size in combination treatment with IMC-RON8 and PS compared to single treatment alone. The co-treatment further reduced Ron expression and pAkt, and increased PARP cleavage compared to either treatment alone. This study suggests the potential for a novel combination approach which may ultimately be of value in treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zou
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Gillian M. Howell
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Lisa E. Humphrey
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Brattain
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
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Koutsounas I, Giaginis C, Patsouris E, Theocharis S. Current evidence for histone deacetylase inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:813-28. [PMID: 23430136 PMCID: PMC3574878 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i6.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human cancers, with more than 200 000 deaths worldwide every year. Despite recent efforts, conventional treatment approaches, such as surgery and classic chemotherapy, have only slightly improved patient outcomes. More effective and well-tolerated therapies are required to reverse the current poor prognosis of this type of neoplasm. Among new agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are now being tested. HDACIs have multiple biological effects related to acetylation of histones and many non-histone proteins that are involved in regulation of gene expression, apoptosis, cell cycle progression and angiogenesis. HDACIs induce cell cycle arrest and can activate the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis in different cancer cell lines. In the present review, the main mechanisms by which HDACIs act in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, as well as their antiproliferative effects in animal models are presented. HDACIs constitute a promising treatment for pancreatic cancer with encouraging anti-tumor effects, at well-tolerated doses.
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Hung SW, Mody HR, Govindarajan R. Overcoming nucleoside analog chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer: a therapeutic challenge. Cancer Lett 2012; 320:138-49. [PMID: 22425961 PMCID: PMC3569094 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical refractoriness to nucleoside analogs (e.g., gemcitabine, capecitabine) is a major scientific problem and is one of the main reasons underlying the extremely poor prognostic state of pancreatic cancer. The drugs' effects are suboptimal partly due to cellular mechanisms limiting their transport, activation, and overall efficacy. Nonetheless, novel therapeutic approaches are presently under study to circumvent nucleoside analog resistance in pancreatic cancer. With these new approaches come additional challenges to be addressed. This review describes the determinants of chemoresistance in the gemcitabine cytotoxicity pathways, provides an overview of investigational approaches for overcoming chemoresistance, and discusses new challenges presented. Understanding the future directions of the field may assist in the successful development of novel treatment strategies for enhancing chemotherapeutic efficacy in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Wai Hung
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hardik R. Mody
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Gray J, Cubitt CL, Zhang S, Chiappori A. Combination of HDAC and topoisomerase inhibitors in small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:614-22. [PMID: 22441819 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.19848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, including MGCD0103 and vorinostat, have led to tumor growth inhibition and apoptosis in vivo. However, with limited single-agent activity demonstrated in solid tumor trials, we examined the potential for enhanced effects in combination with topoisomerase I and II inhibitors, a staple for treatment in refractory small cell lung cancer (SCLC). SCLC cell lines were exposed to increasing concentrations of single-agent HDAC inhibitors and topoisomerase inhibitors, in various combinations, to assess for cell viability, additivity or synergy, and apoptosis. We found that MGCD0103 and vorinostat decreased cell viability by at least 60% and 80%, respectively. In the majority of cell lines, the strongest synergism was seen when vorinostat was followed by either etoposide or topotecan; concurrent therapy led to antagonism in most cell lines. Synergistic effects were seen when MGCD0103 was given concurrently or sequentially with both amrubicin and epirubicin. Enhanced additive effects leading to caspase activation were noted for the combination of MGCD0103 or vorinostat with a topoisomerase inhibitor vs. either agent alone. Thus, the combination of HDAC inhibitors and topoisomerase inhibitors showed enhanced cytotoxic effects in SCLC cell lines. Further evaluation in a clinical setting may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhanelle Gray
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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32
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Zafar SF, Nagaraju GP, El-Rayes B. Developing histone deacetylase inhibitors in the therapeutic armamentarium of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:707-18. [PMID: 22621256 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.691473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are commonly dysregulated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) and have a central role in the development and progression of the disease. HDAC is a family of enzymes involved in deacetylation of lysine residues on histone and non-histone proteins. Deacetylation of histone proteins leads to compaction of the DNA/histone complex resulting in inhibition of gene expression. Deacetylation of non-histone proteins can affect the stability and function of key proteins leading to dysregulation of cellular signaling pathways. HDAC inhibitors have been shown to potentiate the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of several cytotoxic agents, in vitro and in vivo PA xenograft models. AREAS COVERED The areas covered include the biology and function of the HDAC isoenzymes and their significant role in multiple oncogenic pathways in PA. Preclinical and clinical trials evaluating HDAC inhibitors are also reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Despite discouraging early phase clinical trials evaluating HDAC inhibitors in PA, this strategy deserves further evaluation guided by better preclinical studies in identifying the role of specific HDAC isoenzyme inhibitors in PA. Evaluation of the effects of HDAC inhibitors on PA stem cell function and epithelial to mesenchymal transformation is also an evolving area that holds future potential for these agents. Such preclinical studies will yield insight into the functionality of HDAC isoenzymes, which can then be translated into rationally designed clinical trials. One such strategy could focus on HDAC inhibition employed in combination with proteasome inhibition targeting the aggresome pathway in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed F Zafar
- Emory University, Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
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Effects and mechanisms of the combination of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and bortezomib on the anticancer property of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. Pancreas 2011; 40:966-73. [PMID: 21487323 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3182156d5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Earlier studies that dealt with the combination therapy of gemcitabine and histone deacetylation inhibitors for pancreatic cancer revealed unsatisfactory results. The activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was referred as one of the attributable causes, and we attempted to overcome this resistance by the addition of a proteasome inhibitor. METHODS The influences of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat, SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and bortezomib, a novel selective antagonist of 26S proteasome, with or without gemcitabine on cell growth and apoptosis and the expressions of related proteins were observed in pancreatic cancer cell lines (MiaPaCa-2 and ASPC-1). The xenograft model of pancreatic cancer was used to notice effects in vivo. RESULTS Vorinostat and bortezomib had independent inhibitory effects and potentiated the antitumor property of gemcitabine in vitro. In the xenograft model, more augmented effects were achieved when bortezomib was combined with gemcitabine than gemcitabine alone. The down-regulation of pAkt and suppression of NF-κB activity was induced by the triple combination. CONCLUSIONS The triple combination of vorinostat, bortezomib, and gemcitabine resulted in the strongest antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo and pAkt and NF-κB seems to be involved in this process.
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Sung V, Richard N, Brady H, Maier A, Kelter G, Heise C. Histone deacetylase inhibitor MGCD0103 synergizes with gemcitabine in human pancreatic cells. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1201-7. [PMID: 21375679 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.01921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors are a group of recently developed compounds that modulate cell growth and survival. We evaluated the effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor MGCD0103 on growth of pancreatic carcinoma models following single agent treatment and in combination with gemcitabine. MGCD0103 inhibited tumor cell growth and acted synergistically with gemcitabine to enhance its cytotoxic effects. Gene expression analysis identified the cell cycle pathway as one of the most highly modulated gene groups. Our data suggest that MGCD0103 + gemcitabine might be an effective treatment for gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer.
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Dalla Pozza E, Donadelli M, Costanzo C, Zaniboni T, Dando I, Franchini M, Arpicco S, Scarpa A, Palmieri M. Gemcitabine response in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells is synergistically enhanced by dithiocarbamate derivatives. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:926-33. [PMID: 21236335 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a common malignancy that remains refractory to all available therapies, including the gold standard drug gemcitabine (GEM). We investigated the effect of the combination of GEM and each of the ionophore compounds pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and disulfiram [DSF; 1-(diethylthiocarbamoyldisulfanyl)-N,N-diethylmethanethioamide] on p53(-/-) pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell growth. PDTC or DSF synergistically inhibited cell proliferation when used in combination with GEM by inducing apoptotic cell death. This effect was associated with an increased mitochondrial O(2)(•-) production and was further enhanced by zinc ions. Basal levels of mitochondrial O(2)(•-) or manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) strictly correlated with the IC(50) for GEM or the percentage of synergism. Thus, the most relevant values of the antiproliferative synergism were obtained in GEM-resistant pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. Interestingly, the GEM-sensitive T3M4 cells transfected with MnSOD expression vector showed mitochondrial O(2)(•-) and IC(50) for GEM similar to those of resistant cell lines. In vivo experiments performed on nude mice xenotransplanted with the GEM-resistant PaCa44 cell line showed that only the combined treatment with GEM and DSF/Zn completely inhibited the growth of the tumoral masses. These results and the consideration that DSF is already used in clinics strongly support the GEM and DSF/Zn combination as a new approach to overcoming pancreatic cancer resistance to standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Thurn KT, Thomas S, Moore A, Munster PN. Rational therapeutic combinations with histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Future Oncol 2011; 7:263-83. [PMID: 21345145 PMCID: PMC3127396 DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate the acetylation of a variety of histone and nonhistone proteins, controlling the transcription and regulation of genes involved in cell cycle control, proliferation, survival, DNA repair and differentiation. Unsurprisingly, HDAC expression is frequently altered in hematologic and solid tumor malignancies. Two HDAC inhibitors (vorinostat and romidepsin) have been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. As single agents, treatment with HDAC inhibitors has demonstrated limited clinical benefit for patients with solid tumors, prompting the investigation of novel treatment combinations with other cancer therapeutics. In this article, the rationales and clinical progress of several combinations with HDAC inhibitors are presented, including DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents, radiotherapy, hormonal therapies, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and various small-molecule inhibitors. The future application of HDAC inhibitors as a treatment for cancer is discussed, examining current hurdles to overcome before realizing the potential of this new approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ted Thurn
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division. University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division. University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amy Moore
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division. University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela N Munster
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division. University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Author for correspondence: 1600 Divisadero St, Room A722, Box 1770, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA Tel.: +1 415 885 7810 Fax: +1 415 353 7779
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Strimpakos AS, Syrigos KN, Saif MW. The molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Gut Liver 2010; 4:433-49. [PMID: 21253292 PMCID: PMC3021599 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2010.4.4.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is considered an aggressive malignancy that responds poorly to current treatments and therefore has a dismal survival rate. This disease is usually not diagnosed until a late stage, at which point palliative chemotherapy with the purine analogue gemcitabine and/or a fluoropyrimidine or a platinum agent is the standard approach. There are some new data on the molecular and genetic changes that take place in pancreatic cancer, which may facilitate the accuracy of diagnosis and efficacy of treatments. However, translational efforts in clinical practice have increased clinicians' options with a targeted agent, erlotinib, in combination with the standard gemcitabine chemotherapy. Many other novel drugs currently being tested in the field of pharmaco-oncology target various altered biological pathways and molecules. Nevertheless, the lack of clinically significant improvements in treatments is rendering efforts to develop methods of early diagnosis both more urgent and promising. The aim of this review was to summarize the molecular basis of pancreatic carcinogenesis and the latest developments in diagnosis by molecular means, focusing on the results of clinical research into targeted and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kostas N. Syrigos
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Muhammad Wasif Saif
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and Pancreas Center at the New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Rikiishi H. Possible role of autophagy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer with histone deacetylase inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:2026-43. [PMID: 24281216 PMCID: PMC3840459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2042026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease and notoriously difficult to treat. Only a small proportion is curative by surgical resection, whilst standard chemotherapy for patients with advanced disease has only a modest effect with substantial toxicity. Clearly there is a need for the continual development of novel therapeutic agents to improve the current situation. Currently, there is a bulk of data indicating the important function of autophagy in cancer. While genetic evidence indicates that autophagy functions as a tumor suppressor, it is also apparent that autophagy can promote the survival of established tumors under stress conditions and in response to chemotherapy. This review provides a spectrum of potential pharmacological agents and autophagic approaches to enhance cell killing in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Rikiishi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Na YS, Jung KA, Kim SM, Hong YS, Ryu MH, Jang SJ, Moon DH, Cho DH, Kim JC, Lee JS, Kim TW. The histone deacetylase inhibitor PXD101 increases the efficacy of irinotecan in in vitro and in vivo colon cancer models. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 68:389-98. [PMID: 21046105 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), such as PXD101 and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, inhibit proliferation and stimulate apoptosis of tumor cells. The enhanced effectiveness of chemotherapy or radiotherapy when combined with HDACIs has been observed in several cancers. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of PXD101 combined with irinotecan in colon cancer. METHODS HCT116 and HT29 colon cancer cells for cell viability assay were treated with PXD101 and/or SN-38, the active form of irinotecan. Antitumor effects of HCT116 and HT29 xenografts treated with these combinations were evaluated. [(18)F]FLT-PET was used to detect early responses to PXD101 and irinotecan in colon cancer. RESULTS PXD101 and SN38 possessed dose-dependent antiproliferative activity against HCT116 and HT29 cells and exerted a synergistic effect when used in combination. In xenografted mice, PXD101 in combination with irinotecan dramatically inhibited tumor growth without causing additive toxicity. Apoptotic effects on xenograft tumors were greater with combined treatment than with irinotecan alone. [(18)F]FLT-PET imaging revealed a 64% decrease in [(18)F]FLT uptake in tumors of HCT116 xenograft-bearing mice treated with a combination of PXD101 and irinotecan, indicating a decrease in thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) activity. These results were supported by Western blot analyses showing a decrease in tumor thymidine kinase 1 protein levels, suggesting that [(18)F]FLT-PET can be used to non-invasively detect early responses to these agents. CONCLUSIONS These data show that PXD101 increases the cytotoxic activity of irinotecan in in vitro and in vivo colon cancer models and suggest these agent combinations should be explored in the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Soon Na
- Institute for Innovate Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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George S, Bhalerao SV, Lidstone EA, Ahmad IS, Abbasi A, Cunningham BT, Watkin KL. Cytotoxicity screening of Bangladeshi medicinal plant extracts on pancreatic cancer cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 10:52. [PMID: 20849608 PMCID: PMC2954938 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background There has been a long standing interest in the identification of medicinal plants and derived natural products for developing cancer therapeutics. Our study focuses upon pancreatic cancer, due to its high mortality rate, that is attributed in part to the lack of an effective chemotherapeutic agent. Previous reports on the use of medicinal plant extracts either alone or alongside conventional anticancer agents in the treatment of this cancer have shown promising results. This work aims to investigate the therapeutic properties of a library of medicinal plants from Bangladesh. Methods 56 extracts of 44 unique medicinal plants were studied. The extracts were screened for cytotoxicity against the pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line Panc-1, using a label-free biosensor assay. The top cytotoxic extracts identified in this screen were tested on two additional pancreatic cancer cell lines (Mia-Paca2 and Capan-1) and a fibroblast cell line (Hs68) using an MTT proliferation assay. Finally, one of the most promising extracts was studied using a caspase-3 colorimetric assay to identify induction of apoptosis. Results Crude extracts of Petunia punctata, Alternanthera sessilis, and Amoora chittagonga showed cytotoxicity to three cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging between 20.3 - 31.4 μg/mL, 13.08 - 34.9 μg/mL, and 42.8 - 49.8 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, treatment of Panc-1 cells with Petunia punctata was shown to increase caspase-3 activity, indicating that the observed cytotoxicity was mediated via apoptosis. Only Amoora chittagonga showed low cytotoxicity to fibroblast cells with an IC50 value > 100 μg/mL. Conclusion Based upon the initial screening work reported here, further studies aimed at the identification of active components of these three extracts and the elucidation of their mechanisms as cancer therapeutics are warranted.
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Emonds E, Fitzner B, Jaster R. Molecular determinants of the antitumor effects of trichostatin A in pancreatic cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:1970-8. [PMID: 20419833 PMCID: PMC2860073 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i16.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To gain molecular insights into the action of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) trichostatin-A (TSA) in pancreatic cancer (PC) cells.
METHODS: Three PC cell lines, BxPC-3, AsPC-1 and CAPAN-1, were treated with various concentrations of TSA for defined periods of time. DNA synthesis was assessed by measuring the incorporation of 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine. Gene expression at the level of mRNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression and phosphorylation of proteins was monitored by immunoblotting, applying an infrared imaging technology. To study the role of p38 MAP kinase, the specific enzyme inhibitor SB202190 and an inactive control substance, SB202474, were employed.
RESULTS: TSA most efficiently inhibited BrdU incorporation in BxPC-3 cells, while CAPAN-1 cells displayed the lowest and AsPC-1 cells an intermediate sensitivity. The biological response of the cell lines correlated with the increase of histone H3 acetylation after TSA application. In BxPC-3 cells (which are wild-type for KRAS), TSA strongly inhibited phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and AKT. In contrast, activities of ERK and AKT in AsPC-1 and CAPAN-1 cells (both expressing oncogenic KRAS) were not or were only modestly affected by TSA treatment. In all three cell lines, but most pronounced in BxPC-3 cells, TSA exposure induced an activation of the MAP kinase p38. Inhibition of p38 by SB202190 slightly but significantly diminished the antiproliferative effect of TSA in BxPC-3 cells. Interestingly, only BxPC-3 cells responded to TSA treatment by a significant increase of the mRNA levels of bax, a pro-apoptotic member of the BCL gene family. Finally, in BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 cells, but not in the cell line CAPAN-1, significantly higher levels of the cell cycle inhibitor protein p21Waf1 were observed after TSA application.
CONCLUSION: The biological effect of TSA in PC cells correlates with the increase of acetyl-H3, p21Waf1, phospho-p38 and bax levels, and the decrease of phospho-ERK 1/2 and phospho-AKT.
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Schneider G, Krämer OH, Fritsche P, Schüler S, Schmid RM, Saur D. Targeting histone deacetylases in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:1255-63. [PMID: 19929947 PMCID: PMC3828843 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a dismal disease with a median survival below 6 months and a 5-year survival rate below 1%. Effective therapies for locally advanced or metastatic tumours are missing and curatively resected patients relapse in over 80% of the cases. Although histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in the control of proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration and angiogenesis of cancer cells, knowledge about the expression patterns and functions of individual HDAC isoenzymes in pancreatic cancer is sparse. This review summarizes the roles of HDACs as novel therapeutic targets and the molecular mode of action of HDAC-inhibitors (HDACI) in PDACs. Success of HDACI in clinical settings will depend on an increased knowledge of HDAC functions as well as on a better understanding of the mode of action of HDACI. Pre-clinical experimental data that constitute the basis for rational therapeutic strategies to treat PDAC are described here. Translating these rational-based therapies into the clinic will finally increase our chance to establish an effective HDACI-containing combination therapy effective against PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Schneider
- Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, II. Medizinische Klinik, München, Germany.
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Bruzzese F, Rocco M, Castelli S, Di Gennaro E, Desideri A, Budillon A. Synergistic antitumor effect between vorinostat and topotecan in small cell lung cancer cells is mediated by generation of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:3075-87. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tate CM, Fishel ML, Holleran JL, Egorin MJ, Skalnik DG. Embryonic stem cells lacking the epigenetic regulator Cfp1 are hypersensitive to DNA-damaging agents and exhibit decreased Ape1/Ref-1 protein expression and endonuclease activity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2009; 8:1411-23. [PMID: 19836314 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of chromatin structure plays an important role in the recruitment and function of DNA repair proteins. CXXC finger protein 1 (Cfp1), encoded by the CXXC1 gene, is essential for mammalian development and is an important regulator of chromatin structure. Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells lacking Cfp1 (CXXC1(-/-)) are viable but demonstrate a dramatic decrease in cytosine methylation, altered histone methylation, and an inability to differentiate. We find that ES cells lacking Cfp1 are hypersensitive to a variety of DNA-damaging agents. In addition, CXXC1(-/-) ES cells accumulate more DNA damage and exhibit decreased protein expression and endonuclease activity of AP endonuclease (Ape1/Ref-1), an enzyme involved in DNA base excision repair. Expression in CXXC1(-/-) ES cells of either the amino half of Cfp1 (amino acids 1-367) or the carboxyl half of Cfp1 (amino acids 361-656) restores normal Ape1/Ref-1 protein expression and rescues the hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, demonstrating that Cfp1 contains redundant functional domains. Furthermore, retention of either the DNA-binding activity of Cfp1 or interaction with the Setd1A and Setd1B histone H3-Lys4 methyltransferase complexes is required to restore normal sensitivity of CXXC1(-/-) ES cells to DNA-damaging agents. These results implicate Cfp1 as a regulator of DNA repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Tate
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044W. Walnut St. R4-W312, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Alvarez-Breckenridge C, Kaur B, Chiocca EA. Pharmacologic and chemical adjuvants in tumor virotherapy. Chem Rev 2009; 109:3125-40. [PMID: 19462957 DOI: 10.1021/cr900048k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Alvarez-Breckenridge
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Van Seuningen I, Vincent A. Mucins: a new family of epigenetic biomarkers in epithelial cancers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 3:411-27. [PMID: 23485209 DOI: 10.1517/17530050902852697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a common feature of cancer development and progression. The search for new biomarkers and tools to detect cancer in its early stages has unveiled the usefulness of epigenetics and genes epigenetically regulated as potential targets. Among them, genes encoding mucins have been shown to be regulated by DNA methylation and histone modifications in epithelial cancer cells. These genes encode either secreted glycoproteins necessary for epithelial homeostasis or membrane-bound glycoproteins that participate in tumor progression. OBJECTIVE The important biological functions played by these large molecules in pathophysiology of the epithelia make them key genes to target to propose new therapeutic strategies and new diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in cancer. RESULTS In that context, the recent data regarding the epigenetic regulation of these genes are reported and their potential as biomarkers in cancer is discussed. Mucin genes are also potentially interesting to study as they may be regulated by miRNAs but also regulate miRNA activity. CONCLUSION Epigenetic regulation of mucin genes is at its dawn, but there is great potential in that research to (with new technologies and high-throughput methods) provide quickly new biomarkers (diagnostic and/or prognostic), help tumor identification/classification and propose new therapeutic targets to the clinician and pathologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Inserm, U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team 5 Epithelial Differentiation and Carcinogenesis, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France +33 320 29 88 67 ; +33 320 53 85 62 ;
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Piotrowska H, Jagodzinski PP. Glucocorticoid receptor alpha and beta variant expression is associated with ASF/SF2 splicing factor upregulation in HT-29 colon cancer and MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. Arch Med Res 2009; 40:156-62. [PMID: 19427965 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB is inhibited by the liganded glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which exists mainly in two splice variants as functional GRalpha and nonfunctional GRbeta. We investigated the effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-dAzaC), trichostatin A (TSA), and sodium butyrate (NaBu) on GRalpha,GRbeta and ASF/SF2 splicing factor expression in HT-29 colon and MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. METHODS HT-29 and MCF-7 cells were cultured in the absence or in the presence of 5-dAzaC, TSA, and NaBu, followed by RNA and protein isolation. The transcript and protein levels of GRalpha, GRbeta ASF/SF2 were determined by reverse transcription, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS We found that 5-dAzaC, TSA, and NaBu lead to an increase in GRalpha and ASF/SF2 transcript levels and a decrease in GRbeta transcript levels in HT-29 and MCF-7 cells. The 5-dAzaC, TSA, and NaBu resulted in increased GRalpha and ASF/SF2 protein levels and GRbeta protein downregulation in HT-29 cells. The most increased GRalpha protein expression in MCF-7 cells was observed with NaBu. However, all of these compounds inhibited GRbeta protein expression in MCF-7 cells. The MCF-7 cells treated with NaBu demonstrated a remarkable increase in ASF/SF2 protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Because NF-kappaB is considered to be a factor in the augmentation of malignant properties of cells, treatment of tumors with 5-dAzaC, TSA, and NaBu may provide a novel approach to the enhancement of therapeutic effects of glucocorticoids in epithelial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Piotrowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Strimpakos A, Saif MW, Syrigos KN. Pancreatic cancer: from molecular pathogenesis to targeted therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2008; 27:495-522. [PMID: 18427734 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-008-9134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly malignancy with still high mortality and poor survival despite the significant advances in understanding, diagnosis, and access to conventional and novel treatments. Though cytotoxic chemotherapy based on the purine analogue gemcitabine remains the standard approach in adjuvant and palliative setting the need for novel agents aiming at the main pathophysiological abnormalities and molecular pathways involved remains soaring. So far, evidence of clinical benefit, though small, exists only from the addition of the targeted agent erlotinib on the standard gemcitabine chemotherapy. Apart from the popular monoclonal antibodies and small molecules tyrosine kinase inhibitors, other novel compounds being tested in preclinical and clinical studies target mTOR, NF-kappaB, proteasome and histone deacetylase. These new drugs along with gene therapy and immunotherapy, which are also under clinical evaluation, may alter the unfavorable natural course of this disease. In this review we present the main pathophysiological alterations met in pancreatic cancer and the results of the florid preclinical and clinical research with regards to the targeted therapy associated to these abnormalities.
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Haefner M, Bluethner T, Niederhagen M, Moebius C, Wittekind C, Mossner J, Caca K, Wiedmann M. Experimental treatment of pancreatic cancer with two novel histone deacetylase inhibitors. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:3681-92. [PMID: 18595135 PMCID: PMC2719231 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.3681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate in vitro and in vivo treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors NVP-LAQ824 and NVP-LBH589 in pancreatic cancer.
METHODS: Cell-growth inhibition by NVP-LAQ824 and NVP-LBH589 was studied in vitro in 8 human pancreatic cancer cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In addition, the anti-tumoral effect of NVP-LBH589 was studied in a chimeric mouse model. Anti-tumoral activity of the drugs was assessed by immunoblotting for p21WAF-1, acH4, cell cycle analysis, TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemistry for MIB-1.
RESULTS: In vitro treatment with both compounds significantly suppressed the growth of all cancer cell lines and was associated with hyperacetylation of nucleosomal histone H4, increased expression of p21WAF-1, cell cycle arrest at G2/M-checkpoint, and increased apoptosis. In vivo, NVP-LBH589 alone significantly reduced tumor mass and potentiated the efficacy of gemcitabine. Further analysis of the tumor specimens revealed slightly increased apoptosis and no significant reduction of cell proliferation.
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that NVP-LBH589 and NVP-LAQ824 are active against human pancreatic cancer, although the precise mechanism of in vivo drug action is not yet completely understood. Therefore, further preclinical and clinical studies for the treatment of pancreatic cancer are recommended.
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Łuczak MW, Jagodziński PP. Trichostatin A down-regulates CYP19 transcript and protein levels in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2008; 63:262-6. [PMID: 18602794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence implicates estrogens in the etiology and progression of breast cancer. The biosynthesis of estrogens from androgens is catalyzed by an enzymatic complex designated as aromatase (CYP19). Using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, we demonstrated that trichostatin A (TSA) histone deacetylase inhibitor significantly reduced CYP19 transcript and protein contents in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We also found that TSA lowered CYP19 transcript stability and significantly decreased the transcript's half-life from approximately 6h to 3.5h. Our results from experiments with a protein biosynthesis inhibitor suggest the involvement of an RNase and/or mRNA stabilization protein in CYP19 transcript stabilization. Since malignant tissue aromatase is a significant estrogen producer involved in breast tumor progression, our findings may have clinical implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Łuczak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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