1
|
Archuleta A, Browning MD. Top Five Considerations When Choosing an Antibody. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2593:1-20. [PMID: 36513921 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2811-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The choice of an antibody for a protein-based research study is one of the most crucial steps in any project. Seemingly straightforward, the process is actually quite nuanced and filled with potential pitfalls. In this chapter, we will discuss five major topics that require consideration in the antibody selection process. These include overall study objectives and resources, details of both species and clonality, suitability in applications, and available detection methods. Each section will provide background information on the topic as well as specifics of antibody use in the laboratory. This chapter may be used as a guide to help vet antibody candidates for your project so you can stain with confidence.
Collapse
|
2
|
Paik ES, Chang CS, Chae YL, Oh SY, Byeon SJ, Kim CJ, Lee YY, Kim TJ, Lee JW, Kim BG, Choi CH. Prognostic Relevance of BRCA1 Expression in Survival of Patients With Cervical Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:770103. [PMID: 34820332 PMCID: PMC8606581 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.770103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective BRCA1 expression can be lost by a variety of mechanisms including germline or somatic mutation and promotor hypermethylation. Given the potential importance of BRCA1 loss as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in several cancers, the objective of this study was to investigate BRCA1 expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in cervical cancer and its possible prognostic relevance. Methods Seventy patients with cervical cancer were enrolled in this study. Samples from each tumor were stained for BRCA1 and reviewed independently by gynecologic pathologists blinded to the BRCA status. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate overall survival according to BRCA1 expression. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by BRCA1 expression were selected using GSE44001 dataset, which included 300 samples treated with radical hysterectomy. In addition, cox regression analysis with backward elimination was performed to select independent prognostic markers. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was done using these DEGs. Results BRCA1 IHC was positive in 62.9% (44/70) of cases. Patients with BRCA1 expression showed better overall survival (100% vs. 76.2%, HR 0.20, 95% CI 0.04 - 0.99, p = 0.028) than those without BRCA1 expression. Analysis of gene expression profiles according to BRCA1 expression identified 321 differentially expressed mRNAs. Gene set enrichment analysis results showed two dysregulated pathways (VEGF_A_UP.V1_DN and E2F1_UP.V1_UP). Of these DEGs, alterations of 20 gene signatures were found to be independently associated with survival outcomes of patients. Conclusions BRCA1 expression in cervical cancer tissue is associated with survival. In addition, the identification of specific gene alterations associated with BRCA1 expression could help to provide individualized prediction in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Sun Paik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chi-Son Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Lin Chae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Young Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Ju Byeon
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Chul Jung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Joong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chel Hun Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rajarajan S, C E A, Jose B, Correa M, Sengupta S, Prabhu JS. Identification of colorectal cancers with defective DNA damage repair by immunohistochemical profiling of mismatch repair proteins, CDX2 and BRCA1. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 13:57. [PMID: 32953111 PMCID: PMC7484731 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease as shown by consensus classification. The present study attempted to identify subtypes with known prognostic markers for better clinical management. A total of 72 CRC tumors were examined for the expression of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, along with caudal-type homeobox protein 2 (CDX2) and BRCA1, by immunohistochemistry. Tumors were assigned based on the presence or loss of MMR proteins as proficient or deficient. Correlations were examined with CDX2 and BRCA1 along with clinico-pathological features. Expressional pattern of microRNAs (miRs/miRNAs), such as miR-183-96-182, known to be associated with defective DNA damage repair were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. A total of 22% of the CRC tumors were assigned as deficient in mismatch repair. 71% of the tumors expressed CDX2 while only 21% had nuclear expression of BRCA1. Loss of CDX2 protein was higher in the deficient subtype compared with the proficient subtype. A total of 14% of the tumors had dual loss of MMR and BRCA1 proteins and showed aggressive clinical features in addition to elevated expression of DNA damage repair microRNAs. The present study shows the presence of a small proportion of colorectal tumors with dual loss of key proteins involved in DNA damage repair which may be amenable to specific therapy. The implication of the present observations warrants investigation in a larger patient cohort with prognostic information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savitha Rajarajan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - Anupama C E
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - Betsy Jose
- Department of Pathology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - Marjorie Correa
- Department of Pathology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - Sagar Sengupta
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore 560034, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mishra RK, Ahmad A, Vyawahare A, Kumar A, Khan R. Understanding the Monoclonal Antibody Involvement in Targeting the Activation of Tumor Suppressor Genes. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1810-1823. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200616133814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have always provided outstanding therapeutic arsenal in the
treatment of cancer, be it hematological malignancies or solid tumors. Monoclonal antibodies mediated
targeting of cancer genes in general and tumor-suppressor genes, in particular, have appreciably allowed
the possibilities of trafficking these antibodies to specific tumor mechanisms and aim for the pin-point
maneuvered tumor treatment strategies. The conventional cancer treatment options are associated with
enormous limitations like drug resistance, acute and pan-toxic side effects and collateral damage to other
unrelated cells and organs. Therefore, monoclonal antibody-mediated treatments have some special advantages
of specific targeting of cancer-related genes and minimizing the off-target side effects. A large
number of monoclonal antibody-mediated treatment regimen viz. use of immunoconjugates, clinically
targeting TGFβ with pan-TGFβ monoclonal antibodies, p53 by its monoclonal antibodies and EGFRtargeted
monoclonal antibodies, etc. have been observed in the recent past. In this review, the authors
have discussed some of the significant advances in the context of targeting tumor suppressor genes with
monoclonal antibodies. Approximately 250 articles were scanned from research databases like PubMed
central, Europe PubMed Central and google scholar up to the date of inception, and relevant reports on
monoclonal antibody-mediated targeting of cancer genes were selected. mAb mediated targeting of tumor
suppressor genes is a recent grey paradigm, which has not been explored up to its maximum potential.
Therefore, this review will be of appreciable significance that it will boost further in-depth understanding
of various aspects of mAb arbitrated cancer targeting and will warrant and promote further rigorous
research initiatives in this regard. The authors expect that this review will acquaint the readers
with the current status regarding the recent progress in the domain of mAbs and their employability and
targetability towards tumor suppressor genes in anti-cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Akshay Vyawahare
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Berthel E, Vincent A, Eberst L, Torres AG, Dacheux E, Rey C, Marcel V, Paraqindes H, Lachuer J, Catez F, de Pouplana LR, Treilleux I, Diaz JJ, Dalla Venezia N. Uncovering the Translational Regulatory Activity of the Tumor Suppressor BRCA1. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040941. [PMID: 32290274 PMCID: PMC7226996 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 inactivation is a hallmark of familial breast cancer, often associated with aggressive triple negative breast cancers. BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor with known functions in DNA repair, transcription regulation, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. In the present study, we demonstrate that BRCA1 is also a translational regulator. We previously showed that BRCA1 was implicated in translation regulation. Here, we asked whether translational control could be a novel function of BRCA1 that contributes to its tumor suppressive activity. A combination of RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation, microarray analysis, and polysome profiling, was used to identify the mRNAs that were specifically deregulated under BRCA1 deficiency. Western blot analysis allowed us to confirm at the protein level the deregulated translation of a subset of mRNAs. A unique and dedicated cohort of patients with documented germ-line BRCA1 pathogenic variant statues was set up, and tissue microarrays with the biopsies of these patients were constructed and analyzed by immunohistochemistry for their content in each candidate protein. Here, we show that BRCA1 translationally regulates a subset of mRNAs with which it associates. These mRNAs code for proteins involved in major programs in cancer. Accordingly, the level of these key proteins is correlated with BRCA1 status in breast cancer cell lines and in patient breast tumors. ADAT2, one of these key proteins, is proposed as a predictive biomarker of efficacy of treatments recently recommended to patients with BRCA1 deficiency. This study proposes that translational control may represent a novel molecular mechanism with potential clinical impact through which BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Berthel
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.) ; (A.V.) ; (E.D.) ; (V.M.) ; (H.P.) ; (F.C.) ; (J.-J.D.)
| | - Anne Vincent
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.) ; (A.V.) ; (E.D.) ; (V.M.) ; (H.P.) ; (F.C.) ; (J.-J.D.)
| | - Lauriane Eberst
- Centre Léon Bérard, Medical Oncology Department, Université de Lyon 1, F-69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Adrian Gabriel Torres
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.T.); (L.R.d.P.)
| | - Estelle Dacheux
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.) ; (A.V.) ; (E.D.) ; (V.M.) ; (H.P.) ; (F.C.) ; (J.-J.D.)
| | - Catherine Rey
- ProfileXpert, UNIV-US7 INSERM-UMS 3453 CNRS, F-69000 Lyon, France; (C.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Virginie Marcel
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.) ; (A.V.) ; (E.D.) ; (V.M.) ; (H.P.) ; (F.C.) ; (J.-J.D.)
| | - Hermes Paraqindes
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.) ; (A.V.) ; (E.D.) ; (V.M.) ; (H.P.) ; (F.C.) ; (J.-J.D.)
| | - Joël Lachuer
- ProfileXpert, UNIV-US7 INSERM-UMS 3453 CNRS, F-69000 Lyon, France; (C.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Frédéric Catez
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.) ; (A.V.) ; (E.D.) ; (V.M.) ; (H.P.) ; (F.C.) ; (J.-J.D.)
| | - Lluis Ribas de Pouplana
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.T.); (L.R.d.P.)
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Treilleux
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Jean-Jacques Diaz
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.) ; (A.V.) ; (E.D.) ; (V.M.) ; (H.P.) ; (F.C.) ; (J.-J.D.)
| | - Nicole Dalla Venezia
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France; (E.B.) ; (A.V.) ; (E.D.) ; (V.M.) ; (H.P.) ; (F.C.) ; (J.-J.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-426-556-745
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jacot W, Lopez-Crapez E, Mollevi C, Boissière-Michot F, Simony-Lafontaine J, Ho-Pun-Cheung A, Chartron E, Theillet C, Lemoine A, Saffroy R, Lamy PJ, Guiu S. BRCA1 Promoter Hypermethylation is Associated with Good Prognosis and Chemosensitivity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040828. [PMID: 32235500 PMCID: PMC7225997 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant hypermethylation of BRCA1 promoter CpG islands induces the decreased expression of BRCA1 (Breast Cancer 1) protein. It can be detected in sporadic breast cancer without BRCA1 pathogenic variants, particularly in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). We investigated BRCA1 hypermethylation status (by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and MassARRAY® assays), and BRCA1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and their clinicopathological significance in 248 chemotherapy-naïve TNBC samples. Fifty-five tumors (22%) exhibited BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation, with a high concordance rate between MS-PCR and MassARRAY® results. Promoter hypermethylation was associated with reduced IHC BRCA1 protein expression (p = 0.005), and expression of Programmed death-ligand 1 protein (PD-L1) by tumor and immune cells (p = 0.03 and 0.011, respectively). A trend was found between promoter hypermethylation and basal marker staining (p = 0.058), and between BRCA1 expression and a basal-like phenotype. In multivariate analysis, relapse-free survival was significantly associated with N stage, adjuvant chemotherapy, and histological subtype. Overall survival was significantly associated with T and N stage, histology, and adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, patients with tumors harboring BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation derived the most benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation is associated with TNBC sensitivity to adjuvant chemotherapy, basal-like features and PD-L1 expression. BRCA1 IHC expression is not a good surrogate marker for promoter hypermethylation and is not independently associated with prognosis. Association between promoter hypermethylation and sensitivity to Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP inhibitors needs to be evaluated in a specific series of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (S.G.)
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier University, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-67-61-31-00; Fax: +33-4-67-63-28-73
| | - Evelyne Lopez-Crapez
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Caroline Mollevi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
- Biometrics Unit, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), Université de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Boissière-Michot
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
| | - Joelle Simony-Lafontaine
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
| | - Alexandre Ho-Pun-Cheung
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.L.-C.); (F.B.-M.); (J.S.-L.); (A.H.-P.-C.)
| | - Elodie Chartron
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Charles Theillet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Antoinette Lemoine
- Department of Oncogenetics, APHP, GH Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Inserm UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, 14 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France; (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Raphael Saffroy
- Department of Oncogenetics, APHP, GH Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Inserm UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, 14 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France; (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Pierre-Jean Lamy
- Institut d’Analyse Génomique, Imagenome-Inovie, Clinique BeauSoleil, 34070 Montpellier, France;
- Biological Resources Center, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Guiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (S.G.)
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France; (C.M.); (C.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Candidate biomarkers of PARP inhibitor sensitivity in ovarian cancer beyond the BRCA genes. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:1401-1409. [PMID: 30353044 PMCID: PMC6265286 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olaparib (Lynparza™) is a PARP inhibitor approved for advanced BRCA-mutated (BRCAm) ovarian cancer. PARP inhibitors may benefit patients whose tumours are dysfunctional in DNA repair mechanisms unrelated to BRCA1/2. We report exploratory analyses, including the long-term outcome of candidate biomarkers of sensitivity to olaparib in BRCA wild-type (BRCAwt) tumours. METHODS Tumour samples from an olaparib maintenance monotherapy trial (Study 19, D0810C00019; NCT00753545) were analysed. Analyses included classification of mutations in genes involved in homologous recombination repair (HRR), BRCA1 promoter methylation status, measurement of BRCA1 protein and Myriad HRD score. RESULTS Patients with BRCAm tumours gained most benefit from olaparib; a similar treatment benefit was also observed in 21/95 patients whose tumours were BRCAwt but had loss-of-function HRR mutations compared to patients with no detectable HRR mutations (58/95). A higher median Myriad MyChoice® HRD score was observed in BRCAm and BRCAwt tumours with BRCA1 methylation. Patients without BRCAm tumours derived benefit from olaparib treatment vs placebo although to a lesser extent than BRCAm patients. CONCLUSIONS Ovarian cancer patients with tumours harbouring loss-of-function mutations in HRR genes other than BRCA1/2 may constitute a small, molecularly identifiable and clinically relevant population who derive treatment benefit from olaparib similar to patients with BRCAm.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bartosch C, Clarke B, Bosse T. Gynaecological neoplasms in common familial syndromes (Lynch and HBOC). Pathology 2017; 50:222-237. [PMID: 29287922 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recognising hereditary predisposition in a cancer patient has implications both for the patient and the patient's kindred. For the latter, cascade germline testing can reassure those not-at-risk family members while carriers can be enrolled in cancer screening and prevention programs that are medically effective and economically sustainable for health care systems. Furthermore, in many of these syndromes, ramifications of molecular phenotypes are increasing, and it is now emerging that, in addition, they convey prognostic and predictive information. Although cancer predisposition syndromes are rare, these molecular phenotypes also occur as somatic events in sporadic cancer settings. The information obtained from these molecular phenotypes, regardless of germline or somatic origin, is being incorporated into clinical management in view of their manifold significance. Thus, increasingly, bespoke management of cancer patients involves testing for both germline and somatic mutations in tumours. Lynch syndrome and BRCA-1 and BRCA-2-associated hereditary breast and ovarian cancer are hereditary cancer syndromes frequently involving the gynaecological tract but tumours associated with similar molecular alterations may also occur sporadically. Thus, the molecular phenotype of mismatch repair deficiency, microsatellite instability or hypermutator phenotype may be attributable to germline or somatic events. Similarly, homologous recombination deficiency or 'BRCAness' in ovarian cancers may be syndromic or sporadic. While hereditary syndromes are well recognised, the prognostic and predictive implications of these molecular phenotypes have only recently been elucidated and these aspects will finally ensure that molecular screening may become standard of care. Thus, nowadays pathologists are asked to designate the molecular phenotype of these cancers and then determine whether it is due to hereditary or sporadic causes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bartosch
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Blaise Clarke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1), as a tumor suppressor, exerts an effective influence on protecting DNA integrity to suppress the development of breast cancer (BC). BRCA1 expression is induced in response to DNA-damaging agents such as etoposide. Germline BRCA1 gene mutations are associated with development of hereditary BC. However, besides BRCA-mutated BCs, some sporadic cancers may also exhibit a BRCA-like phenotype, displaying so-called ‘BRCAness’. This common phenotype may respond to similar therapeutic approaches as BRCA-mutated tumors and may thus have important implications for the clinical management of these cancers. In order to determine whether and how etoposide regulates the protein levels of BRCA1 in BC cells, we exposed a panel of five selected cell lines to etoposide, compared the results to untreated control cells, and then stained the cells with the specific, reliable, and reproducible MS110 antibody directed against phosphorylated Ser1423 BRCA1. By evaluating cytoplasmic BRCA1 protein levels, we were able to distinguish three aggressive BC subtypes with BRCAness characteristics. In addition, determination of early and late apoptosis helped to complete the analysis of BRCA1 functions in the DNA damage pathway of aggressive BC. In conclusion, our study suggested that high cytoplasmic BRCA1 protein levels could be considered as a potential predictive marker for response to chemotherapy in both sporadic and hereditary BC. Tumors with either BRCAness phenotype or germline BRCA1 mutation are both aggressive BCs associated with poor prognosis and could both be subjected to targeted therapies against BRCA1-mutated BC in future clinical management strategies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
In the past few years significant concern has been raised about the quality and reproducibility of antibodies used in numerous scientific publications. In this chapter we discuss some of the biggest contributing factors to the "antibody problem" from both the commercial production side, as well as the end-users side. Specifically we argue that Western blot data should be used to provide a reliable initial indication of antibody quality, as well as a guide to distinguish between multiple offerings for antibodies to the same target. Secondly, we describe a set of best practices for antibody manufacturers to employ that will eliminate most of the variability in polyclonal antibodies. Taken together these proposals provide a way to significantly improve both the quality and the reproducibility of commercial antibodies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Thouvenot P, Fourrière L, Dardillac E, Ben Yamin B, Lescure A, Lejour V, Heiligenstein X, Boulé JB, Romao M, Raposo-Benedetti G, Lopez BS, Nicolas A, Millot GA. Yeast cells reveal the misfolding and the cellular mislocalization of the human BRCA1 protein. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4366-4378. [PMID: 27802165 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.192880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effect of an ever-growing number of human variants detected by genome sequencing is a medical challenge. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae model has held attention for its capacity to monitor the functional impact of missense mutations found in human genes, including the BRCA1 breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene. When expressed in yeast, the wild-type full-length BRCA1 protein forms a single nuclear aggregate and induces a growth inhibition. Both events are modified by pathogenic mutations of BRCA1. However, the biological processes behind these events in yeast remain to be determined. Here, we show that the BRCA1 nuclear aggregation and the growth inhibition are sensitive to misfolding effects induced by missense mutations. Moreover, misfolding mutations impair the nuclear targeting of BRCA1 in yeast cells and in a human cell line. In conclusion, we establish a connection between misfolding and nuclear transport impairment, and we illustrate that yeast is a suitable model to decipher the effect of misfolding mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Thouvenot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75005, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Lou Fourrière
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75005, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Elodie Dardillac
- CNRS UMR 8200, Institut de Cancerologie Gustave-Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Barbara Ben Yamin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75005, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Aurianne Lescure
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75005, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Vincent Lejour
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75005, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Xavier Heiligenstein
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, Paris F-75005, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Boulé
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75005, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Maryse Romao
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, Paris F-75005, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Graça Raposo-Benedetti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, Paris F-75005, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Bernard S Lopez
- CNRS UMR 8200, Institut de Cancerologie Gustave-Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Alain Nicolas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75005, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Gaël A Millot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75005, France .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, Paris F-75005, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Identification of BRCA1 Deficiency Using Multi-Analyte Estimation of BRCA1 and Its Repressors in FFPE Tumor Samples from Patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153113. [PMID: 27077368 PMCID: PMC4831669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Apart from germ-line BRCA1-mutated breast cancers, a significant proportion of women with sporadic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) sub-type are known to harbour varying levels of BRCA1-dysfuction. There is currently no established diagnostic method to identify these patients. METHODS The analysis was performed on 183 primary breast cancer tumor specimens from our longitudinal case-series archived as formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks comprising 71 TNBCs and 112 Hormone receptor positive HER2 negative (HR+HER2-) tumors. Transcript levels of BRCA1 and two of its repressors ID4 and microRNA182 were determined by TaqMan quantitative PCR. BRCA1 protein was detected immunohistochemically with the MS110 antibody. RESULTS The representation of BRCA1 and its repressor ID4 as a ratio led to improved separation of TNBCs from HR+HER2- compared to either measure by itself. We then dichotomised the continuous distribution of each of the three measurements (Protein, MIRNA and transcript:repressor ratio) into categories of deficient (0) and adequate (1). A composite BRCA1 Deficiency Score (BDS) was computed by the addition of the score for all three measures. Samples deficient on 2 or more measures were deemed to be BRCA1 deficient; and 40% of all TNBCs met this criterion. CONCLUSION We propose here a simple multi-level assay of BRCA1 deficiency using the BRCA1:ID4 ratio as a critical parameter that can be performed on FFPE samples in clinical laboratories by the estimation of only 3 bio-markers. The ease of testing will hopefully encourage adoption and clinical validation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Etzold A, Galetzka D, Weis E, Bartsch O, Haaf T, Spix C, Itzel T, Schweiger S, Strand D, Strand S, Zechner U. CAF-like state in primary skin fibroblasts with constitutional BRCA1 epimutation sheds new light on tumor suppressor deficiency-related changes in healthy tissue. Epigenetics 2016; 11:120-31. [PMID: 26949839 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1140295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive epimutations of tumor suppressor genes are increasingly considered as cancer predisposing factors equally to sequence mutations. In light of the emerging role of the microenvironment for cancer predisposition, initiation, and progression, we aimed to characterize the consequences of a BRCA1 epimutation in cells of mesenchymal origin. We performed a comprehensive molecular and cellular comparison of primary dermal fibroblasts taken from a monozygous twin pair discordant for recurrent cancers and BRCA1 epimutation, whose exceptional clinical case we previously reported in this journal. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified differential expression of extracellular matrix-related genes and pro-tumorigenic growth factors, such as collagens and CXC chemokines. Moreover, genes known to be key markers of so called cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), such as ACTA2, FAP, PDPN, and TNC, were upregulated in fibroblasts of the affected twin (BRCA1(mosMe)) in comparison to those of the healthy twin (BRCA1(wt)). Further analyses detected CAF-typical cellular features, including an elevated growth rate, enhanced migration, altered actin architecture and increased production of ketone bodies in BRCA1(mosMe) fibroblasts compared to BRCA1(wt) fibroblasts. In addition, conditioned medium of BRCA1(mosMe) fibroblasts was more potent than conditioned medium of BRCA1(wt) fibroblasts to promote cell proliferation in an epithelial and a cancer cell line. Our data demonstrate, that a CAF-like state is not an exclusive feature of tumor-associated tissue but also exists in healthy tissue with tumor suppressor deficiency. The naturally occurring phenomenon of twin fibroblasts differing in their BRCA1 methylation status revealed to be a unique powerful tool for exploring tumor suppressor deficiency-related changes in healthy tissue, reinforcing their significance for cancer predisposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Etzold
- a Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Danuta Galetzka
- a Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Eva Weis
- a Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Oliver Bartsch
- a Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- b Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Claudia Spix
- c Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Timo Itzel
- c Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Susann Schweiger
- a Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Dennis Strand
- d First Department of Internal Medicine , University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Susanne Strand
- d First Department of Internal Medicine , University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Ulrich Zechner
- a Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rizner TL, Sasano H, Choi MH, Odermatt A, Adamski J. Recommendations for description and validation of antibodies for research use. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 156:40-2. [PMID: 26655410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tea Lanisnik Rizner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryou-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim SH, Park WS, Yun SI, Joo J, Joung JY, Seo HK, Chung J, Lee GK, Lee KH. Overexpression of BRCA1 or BRCA2 in prostatectomy specimens is predictive of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Histopathology 2015; 68:673-9. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Han Kim
- Department of Urology; Center for Prostate Cancer; Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyang South Korea
| | - Weon Seo Park
- Department of Pathology; Clinical Research Coordination Center; Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyangsi South Korea
| | - Soo In Yun
- Biometric Research Branch; Clinical Research Coordination Center; Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyangsi South Korea
| | - Jungnam Joo
- Biometric Research Branch; Clinical Research Coordination Center; Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyangsi South Korea
| | - Jae Young Joung
- Department of Urology; Center for Prostate Cancer; Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyang South Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Seo
- Department of Urology; Center for Prostate Cancer; Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyang South Korea
| | - Jinsoo Chung
- Department of Urology; Center for Prostate Cancer; Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyang South Korea
| | - Geon Kook Lee
- Department of Pathology; Clinical Research Coordination Center; Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyangsi South Korea
| | - Kang Hyun Lee
- Department of Urology; Center for Prostate Cancer; Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyang South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Partipilo G, Simone G, Scattone A, Scarpi E, Azzariti A, Mangia A. Expression of proteins involved in DNA damage response in familial and sporadic breast cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26205471 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the expression of proteins involved in DNA damage response could improve knowledge of the pathways that contribute to familial and sporadic breast cancer (BC). We aimed to assess the different roles of BRCA1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), BRCT-repeat inhibitor of hTERT expression (BRIT1) and novel SWItch 5 (SWI5) expression in 130 sporadic and 73 familial BC samples, by immunohistochemistry. In the sporadic group, negative nuclear BRCA1 (nBRCA1) expression was associated with positive PgR (p = 0.037). Negative association was found between nBRCA1 expression and HER2 (p = 0.001). In the familial group, nBRCA1 expression was associated with ER (p = 0.002). Reduced nBRCA1 expression was associated with higher histological grade and positive Ki67 both in sporadic (p = 0.0010, p = 0.047) and familial groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.001). Nuclear PARP1 (nPARP1) expression was associated with histological grade (p = 0.035) and positive PgR (p = 0.047) in sporadic cases. High cytoplasmic and low nuclear BRIT1 (cBRIT1 and nBRIT1) expression were associated with high histological grade in the familial group (p = 0.013, p = 0.025). Various statistical associations between the protein expressions were observed in the sporadic group, while in familial group only few associations were found. Univariate analyses showed that nPARP1 expression is able to discriminate between sporadic and familial tumors (OR 2.80, p = 0.002). Multivariate analyses proved that its overexpression is an independent factor associated with a high risk of sporadic tumor (OR 2.96, p = 0.017). Our findings indicate that nPARP1 expression is an independent factor for sporadic BCs and PARP1 inhibitors could be a promising therapy for different phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Partipilo
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Simone
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Scattone
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per Lo Studio E La Cura Dei Tumori (IRST)-IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Anita Mangia
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hedgepeth SC, Garcia MI, Wagner LE, Rodriguez AM, Chintapalli SV, Snyder RR, Hankins GDV, Henderson BR, Brodie KM, Yule DI, van Rossum DB, Boehning D. The BRCA1 tumor suppressor binds to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors to stimulate apoptotic calcium release. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7304-13. [PMID: 25645916 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.611186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is a ubiquitously expressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident calcium channel. Calcium release mediated by IP3Rs influences many signaling pathways, including those regulating apoptosis. IP3R activity is regulated by protein-protein interactions, including binding to proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors to regulate cell death. Here we show that the IP3R binds to the tumor suppressor BRCA1. BRCA1 binding directly sensitizes the IP3R to its ligand, IP3. BRCA1 is recruited to the ER during apoptosis in an IP3R-dependent manner, and, in addition, a pool of BRCA1 protein is constitutively associated with the ER under non-apoptotic conditions. This is likely mediated by a novel lipid binding activity of the first BRCA1 C terminus domain of BRCA1. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation by which BRCA1 can act as a proapoptotic protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena C Hedgepeth
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, the Cell Biology Graduate Program and
| | - M Iveth Garcia
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, the Cell Biology Graduate Program and
| | - Larry E Wagner
- the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Ana M Rodriguez
- the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Sree V Chintapalli
- the Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, and
| | - Russell R Snyder
- the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Gary D V Hankins
- the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Beric R Henderson
- the Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute at Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Kirsty M Brodie
- the Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute at Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - David I Yule
- the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Damian B van Rossum
- the Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, and
| | - Darren Boehning
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Marsden CJ, Eckersley S, Hebditch M, Kvist AJ, Milner R, Mitchell D, Warwicker J, Marley AE. The Use of Antibodies in Small-Molecule Drug Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:829-38. [PMID: 24695620 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114527770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are powerful research tools that can be used in many areas of biology to probe, measure, and perturb various biological structures. Successful drug discovery is dependent on the correct identification of a target implicated in disease, coupled with the successful selection, optimization, and development of a candidate drug. Because of their specific binding characteristics, with regard to specificity, affinity, and avidity, coupled with their amenability to protein engineering, antibodies have become a key tool in drug discovery, enabling the quantification, localization, and modulation of proteins of interest. This review summarizes the application of antibodies and other protein affinity reagents as specific research tools within the drug discovery process.
Collapse
|
19
|
Howat WJ, Lewis A, Jones P, Kampf C, Pontén F, van der Loos CM, Gray N, Womack C, Warford A. Antibody validation of immunohistochemistry for biomarker discovery: recommendations of a consortium of academic and pharmaceutical based histopathology researchers. Methods 2014; 70:34-8. [PMID: 24525140 PMCID: PMC4240800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As biomarker discovery takes centre-stage, the role of immunohistochemistry within that process is increasing. At the same time, the number of antibodies being produced for “research use” continues to rise and it is important that antibodies to be used as biomarkers are validated for specificity and sensitivity before use. This guideline seeks to provide a stepwise approach for the validation of an antibody for immunohistochemical assays, reflecting the views of a consortium of academic and pharmaceutical based histopathology researchers. We propose that antibodies are placed into a tier system, level 1–3, based on evidence of their usage in immunohistochemistry, and that the degree of validation required is proportionate to their place on that tier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Howat
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
| | | | - Phillipa Jones
- UCL Advanced Diagnostics, 21 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Caroline Kampf
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Neil Gray
- AstraZeneca Oncology Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Chris Womack
- AstraZeneca Oncology Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tulchin N, Ornstein L, Dikman S, Strauchen J, Jaffer S, Nagi C, Bleiweiss I, Kornreich R, Edelmann L, Brown K, Bodian C, Nair VD, Chambon M, Woods NT, Monteiro ANA. Localization of BRCA1 protein in breast cancer tissue and cell lines with mutations. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:70. [PMID: 23855721 PMCID: PMC3720266 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1) encodes a tumor suppressor. The BRCA1 protein is found primarily in cell nuclei and plays an important role in the DNA damage response and transcriptional regulation. Deficiencies in DNA repair capabilities have been associated with higher histopathological grade and worse prognosis in breast cancer. METHODS In order to investigate the subcellular distribution of BRCA1 in tumor tissue we randomly selected 22 breast carcinomas and tested BRCA1 protein localization in frozen and contiguous formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue, using pressure cooker antigen-retrieval and the MS110 antibody staining. To assess the impact of BRCA1 germline mutations on protein localization, we retrospectively tested 16 of the tumor specimens to determine whether they contained the common Ashkenazi Jewish founder mutations in BRCA1 (185delAG, 5382insC), and BRCA2 (6174delT). We also compared co-localization of BRCA1 and nucleolin in MCF7 cells (wild type) and a mutant BRCA1 cell line, HCC1937 (5382insC). RESULTS In FFPE tissue, with MS110 antibody staining, we frequently found reduced BRCA1 nuclear staining in breast tumor tissue compared to normal tissue, and less BRCA1 staining with higher histological grade in the tumors. However, in the frozen sections, BRCA1 antibody staining showed punctate, intra-nuclear granules in varying numbers of tumor, lactating, and normal cells. Two mutation carriers were identified and were confirmed by gene sequencing. We have also compared co-localization of BRCA1 and nucleolin in MCF7 cells (wild type) and a mutant BRCA1 cell line, HCC1937 (5382insC) and found altered sub-nuclear and nucleolar localization patterns consistent with a functional impact of the mutation on protein localization. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here support a role for BRCA1 in the pathogenesis of sporadic and inherited breast cancers. The use of well-characterized reagents may lead to further insights into the function of BRCA1 and possibly the further development of targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Tulchin
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Leonard Ornstein
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Steven Dikman
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - James Strauchen
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shabnam Jaffer
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chandandeep Nagi
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ira Bleiweiss
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ruth Kornreich
- Department of Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Edelmann
- Department of Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Brown
- Department of Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol Bodian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venugopalan D Nair
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nicholas T Woods
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alvaro NA Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|