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Duke G, Yotter CN, Sharifian B, Duke G, Petersen S. The effectiveness of microcurrent neurofeedback on depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and quality of life. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2024; 36:100-109. [PMID: 37682024 PMCID: PMC10836789 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The world faces a mental health crisis with elevated rates of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress, leaving a profound impact on daily quality of life (QOL). Current treatments show varying degrees of efficacy and carry burdensome challenges. Evidence exists for use of an innovative neurotechnology to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the science is lacking for use in the general population. PURPOSES The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the effects of microcurrent neurofeedback on depression, anxiety, PTSD symptoms, and QOL in adults. METHODOLOGY This was a one-group, exploratory pilot study that tested outcomes of depression, anxiety, PTSD risk, suicide risk, and QOL in 20 adults using convenience sampling. IASIS microcurrent neurofeedback (I-MCN) was the intervention that was delivered twice a week for 10 weeks; data collection was baseline, 5 weeks, and 10 weeks. RESULTS Depression, anxiety, PTSD risk, and QOL improved significantly by the 10th and 20th session; suicidal risk showed nonsignificant reduction. Use of a more feasible interventional procedure established a foundation for use in clinical settings for the population. CONCLUSIONS Using a more simpler procedure than what was used in a previous study reflected positive outcomes earlier and sustained over 10 weeks. This safe and effective technology carries rare but easily overcome adverse effects and could be an alternative to existing treatments or treatment-resistant conditions. IMPLICATIONS Advanced practice nurses can apply the evidence to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Randomized controlled trials and testing on diverse populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Duke
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | | | | | - Gary Duke
- Trinity Integrative Care, LLC, Tyler, Texas
| | - Sandra Petersen
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
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Rigas N, Kyritsis Z, Gouroundi K, Soldatou A, Dagla M, Orovou E, Antoniou E. The Mediating Role of Anxiety in the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Psychosocial Functions of Nurses and Pediatricians in PICUs. Mater Sociomed 2024; 36:26-32. [PMID: 38590601 PMCID: PMC10999150 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2024.36.26-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Job satisfaction refers to an individual's overall attitude towards their job. It is influenced by various factors such as work environment, job role, work-life balance, compensation, anxiety, opportunities for growth and development. However, low levels of job satisfaction can have a significant impact on an individual's mental health and overall well-being. Objective We contacted this study in order to assess the effect of PICU nurses' and pediatricians' job satisfaction on their psychosocial functioning and to examine the role of anxiety as a mediating factor in this relationship. Methods A sample of 155 nurses and pediatricians at 7 University Hospitals in Greece has consented to participate in the study. Socio-demographic data, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire -short form and a Brief Inventory of Psychosocial Functioning were used to evaluate anxiety, job satisfaction and psychosocial functions. Results According to our results, participants with moderate or severe levels of anxiety showed moderate or low job satisfaction, while moderate or severe anxiety was also associated with low levels of participants' psychosocial functioning. Job satisfaction is a dynamic situation that is affected by the levels of anxiety of each worker in PICU. Conclusion The presence of anxiety may be related to comorbid mental health disorders since it affects the psychosocial functions of the worker. We propose a longer rest period, a change of department in case an employee wishes it or shows symptoms of increased stress or another mental health disorder, regular assessments by mental health experts for all PICU's staff and support after a diagnosis of a mental health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Rigas
- Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece
| | - Zacharias Kyritsis
- Department of Mathematics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Alexandra Soldatou
- Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dagla
- Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece
| | - Eirini Orovou
- Department of Midwifery, University of Western Macedonia, Ptolemaida, Greece
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Potura E, Klemm V, Roesner H, Sitter B, Huscsava H, Trifunovic-Koenig M, Voitl P, Strametz R. Second Victims among Austrian Pediatricians (SeViD-A1 Study). Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2501. [PMID: 37761698 PMCID: PMC10531173 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The second victim phenomenon (SVP) plays a critical role in workplace and patient safety. So far, there are limited epidemiological data on the SVP in German-speaking countries. Some studies have been carried out in Germany, but so far, no quantitative studies have been carried out in Austria examining the prevalence, symptom load and preferred support measures for second victims (SVs). This study therefore examines the SVP among Austrian pediatricians. (2) Methods: A nationwide, cross-sectional and anonymous online study was conducted using the SeViD questionnaire (Second Victims in Deutschland) including the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10). Statistical analysis included binary-logistic and multiple linear regression with the bootstrapping, bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) method based on 1000 bootstrap samples. (3) Results: Of 414 Austrian pediatricians, 89% self-identified as SVs. The main cause of becoming an SV was the unexpected death or suicide of a patient. High neuroticism and extraversion values as well as working in outpatient care positively correlated with having experienced the SVP. A preferred support strategy was access to legal counseling. (4) Conclusions: Austrian pediatricians have the highest SVP prevalence measured with the SeViD questionnaire. Further research should focus on prevention strategies and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Potura
- The Second Victim Association Austria, 11900 Vienna, Austria; (E.P.)
| | - Victoria Klemm
- Wiesbaden Institute for Healthcare Economics and Patient Safety (WiHelP), Wiesbaden Business School, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, 65183 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Hannah Roesner
- Wiesbaden Institute for Healthcare Economics and Patient Safety (WiHelP), Wiesbaden Business School, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, 65183 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitter
- The Second Victim Association Austria, 11900 Vienna, Austria; (E.P.)
| | - Herbert Huscsava
- The Second Victim Association Austria, 11900 Vienna, Austria; (E.P.)
| | | | - Peter Voitl
- First Vienna Pediatric Medical Center, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Strametz
- Wiesbaden Institute for Healthcare Economics and Patient Safety (WiHelP), Wiesbaden Business School, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, 65183 Wiesbaden, Germany
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Gan YH, Deng YT, Yang L, Zhang W, Kuo K, Zhang YR, He XY, Huang SY, Wu BS, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Dong Q, Feng JF, Cheng W, Yu JT. Occupational characteristics and incident anxiety and depression: A prospective cohort study of 206,790 participants. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:149-156. [PMID: 36841310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the impact of a wide spectrum of occupational characteristics on the incidence of anxiety and depression, and to determine the features affecting adaptation to specific characteristics. METHODS Participants in paid employment or self-employed at baseline in UKB were included, with occupational characteristics extracted from O*NET. Cox-proportional-hazard models were conducted in the main analyses and subgroup analyses. RESULTS Direct work with the public and exposure to disease/infections were first time demonstrated to be risk factors for both anxiety and depression, along with occupations involving more physical activities and dealing with unpleasant/physically aggressive people. Protective factors for both: time spent sitting, communication, decision making, creativity and reasoning, and responsibility in work. Protective factors for anxiety only: Coordinating/leading, fluency of ideas, originality, problem sensitivity, decision latitude, and time pressure. Risk factor for depression only: Exposure to contaminants. Females were found more sensitive to dealing with unpleasant/physically aggressive people. The impact of exposure to disease/infections was more significant among those with lower education levels. Those with BMI over 24 were more sensitive to the risk factors. LIMITATIONS The short-term effect of the above exposures remained unclear. The scores of occupational characteristics were based on self-reported questionnaires. There was the potential for undiagnosed anxiety or depression events. The participants included only those aged from 40 to 69. Participants included in this cohort were mainly White British. CONCLUSIONS Our findings advocate closer monitoring of the mental health of workers with risk work-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Gan
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Ting Deng
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kevin Kuo
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yu He
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bang-Sheng Wu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Arén C, Jaçelli A, Gesar B, From I. The work-related stress experienced by registered nurses at municipal aged care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:296. [PMID: 36324102 PMCID: PMC9628107 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-01059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress can originate from many different unsatisfying work situations. Registered nurses working in municipal care have experience of work-related stress in different ways. AIM The purpose of this study was to describe the work-related stress experienced by registered nurses caring for older people at municipal aged care facilities. METHODS Qualitative semi-structured interviews according to Polit and Beck were carried out in clinical work at six different municipal aged care facilities in Sweden. Twelve registered nurses participated in the study. RESULTS The results outlined in one main central theme: Feelings of inadequacy and dissatisfaction contribute to work-related stress and three categories: Difficulty coping with work tasks, Insufficient support, Work-related stress affects private lives. Areas identified were lack of time, staff shortages, high number of patients, lack of communication and teamwork in the working group, showing that inadequacy and dissatisfaction can contribute to work-related stress. This can contribute to work-related stress, and it can be a result of problems in the organizational and social work environment. CONCLUSION This study showed the everyday experiences of registered nurses' stress at work. The reasons that registered nurses experience a heavy workload were found to be similar in several municipal care facilities. Future interventions should consider the areas of stress found in this study to reduce the risk of further increasing the work-related stress experienced by registered nurses working in municipal aged care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cilmara Arén
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Armand Jaçelli
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Berit Gesar
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Ingrid From
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
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Santana-Domínguez I, González-de la Torre H, Verdú-Soriano J, Nolasco A, Martín-Martínez A. Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool Questionnaire. J Patient Saf 2022; 18:692-701. [PMID: 35175235 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the validity and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST-E) questionnaire. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study aimed at midwives and obstetricians in Spain. An online survey was conducted consisting of 2 parts: the first part collected different variables, and the second part collected the SVEST-E. The temporal stability of the instrument was evaluated using the test-retest method. For the construct validity and reliability, an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were performed using FACTOR program v.10 with a polychoric correlation matrix. RESULTS A total of 689 professionals participated in the study (323 obstetrician physicians/366 midwives). The mean (SD) score on the SVEST-E for the total sample was 3.09 (0.50). The parallel analysis of the exploratory factor analysis suggested a 5-factor solution, with a total explained variability of 61.8%. The goodness-of-fit indices of the model were the following: root mean square error of approximation = 0.038 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.031-0.042) and comparative fit index = 0.989 (95% CI, 0.988-0.992). The factor model obtained was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, obtaining the values of root mean square error of approximation = 0.038 (95% CI, 0.026-0.053) and comparative fit index = 0.989 (95% CI, 0.969-1.000). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94-0.99). CONCLUSIONS The SVEST-E instrument maintains the same items as the original questionnaire but introduces changes in the organization of its dimensions. The Spanish version maintains adequate construct validity, reliability, and temporal stability, so it is a valid tool to evaluate the second victim experience in Spanish health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Verdú-Soriano
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine, Public Health and History of Science, Faculty of Health Sciences
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Zhou Y, Guo X, Yin H. A structural equation model of the relationship among occupational stress, coping styles, and mental health of pediatric nurses in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:416. [PMID: 35729548 PMCID: PMC9215021 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric nurses experience a wide rang of stressful events at work every day, which can trigger a lot of emotional responses. The objectives of this study were mainly to explore the potential interrelationships of occupational stress, coping styles and mental health among pediatric nurse. METHODS A total of 381 pediatric nurses from Chongqing, China were recruited in this cross-sectional study. We performed this study based on a questionnaire survey that contained the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Symptom-Checklist 90(SCL-90). RESULTS The pediatric nurses reported having health risk stress(HRS) was 54.3%, and nurses with different medical professional titles, style of coping and profiles of mental health had significantly different occupational stress levels (P < 0.01). And with the application of the Spearman correlation analysis and Structural Equation Modelling were revealed a significant relationship among occupational stress, coping style and mental health. The positive coping style had a negative direct predictive effect on occupational stress (β = -0.499, P < 0.01) and mental health symptoms (β = -0.115, P < 0.01), negative coping styles had positive predictive effect on occupational stress (β = 0.185, P < 0.01) and mental health symptoms (β = 0.205, P < 0.01). Occupational stress had significant impact on mental health symptoms (β = 0.416, P < 0.01), and it was played a part of mediating effect between coping style and mental health. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated significant associations between occupational stress, coping style and mental health in pediatric nurses, and this SEM model highlighted that the potential prediction effects of occupational stress and coping styles for mental health and the mediated effect of occupational stress between coping style and mental health, which we believe facilitates the understanding of these associations. This model should be useful in the formulation of strategies to improve mental health level for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhou
- grid.488412.3Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- grid.488412.3Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 China
| | - Huaying Yin
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Lopes MCC, Oliva CCC, Bezerra NMS, Silva MT, Galvão TF. Relationship between depressive symptoms, burnout, job satisfaction and patient safety culture among workers at a university hospital in the Brazilian Amazon region: cross-sectional study with structural equation modeling. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 140:412-421. [PMID: 35508009 PMCID: PMC9671242 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0614.15092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplaces can be sources of mental distress. In healthcare services, this can also affect patients. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with depressive symptoms, burnout, job satisfaction and patient safety culture and the relationships between these constructs, among healthcare workers. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study in a university hospital in Manaus, Brazil. METHODS Randomly selected workers were interviewed based on Brazilian-validated tools. We calculated the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of depressive symptoms and burnout using Poisson regression with robust variance; and the β-coefficient of safety culture and job satisfaction using linear regression. Outcome relationships were assessed using partial least-squares structural equation modeling. RESULTS 300 professionals were included; 67.3% were women. The prevalence of depressive symptom was 19.0% (95% CI: 14.5; 23.5%) and burnout, 8.7% (95% CI: 5.2; 12.3%). Lack of work stability increased depression (PR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.17; 3.01) and burnout (PR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.03; 4.57); and reduced job satisfaction (β = -11.93; 95% CI: -18.79; -5.07). Depressive symptoms and burnout were positively correlated, as also were job satisfaction and safety culture (P < 0.001); job satisfaction was negatively correlated with burnout (P < 0.001) and depression (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION Impermanent employment contracts increased depression and burnout and reduced job satisfaction. Job satisfaction reduced poor mental health outcomes and increased safety culture. Job satisfaction and safety culture were directly proportional (one construct increased the other and vice versa), as also were depression and burnout. Better working conditions can provide a virtuous cycle of patient safety and occupational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcélia Célia Couteiro Lopes
- MSc. Pharmacist, Postgraduate Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus (AM), Brazil.
| | - Carmen Conceição Carrilho Oliva
- MSc. Pharmacist, Postgraduate Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus (AM), Brazil.
| | - Nádia Maria Soares Bezerra
- MBA. Health Inspector, Department of Health Surveillance, Municipal Health Department of Manaus, Manaus (AM), Brazil.
| | - Marcus Tolentino Silva
- MSc, PhD. Professor, Postgraduate Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, Universidade de Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba (SP), Brazil.
| | - Tais Freire Galvão
- MSc, PhD. Professor, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas (SP), Brazil.
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Bourne T, Kyriacou C, Shah H, Ceusters J, Preisler J, Metzger U, Landolfo C, Lees C, Timmerman D. Experiences and well-being of healthcare professionals working in the field of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynaecology as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were evolving: a cross-sectional survey study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051700. [PMID: 35121598 PMCID: PMC8819548 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess experience of healthcare professionals (HCPs) working with ultrasound in obstetrics and gynaecology during the evolving SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, given the new and unprecedented challenges involving viral exposure, personal protective equipment (PPE) and well-being. DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional survey study. SETTING Online international survey. Single-best, open box and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questions. PARTICIPANTS The survey was sent to 35 509 HCPs in 124 countries and was open from 7 to 21 May 2020. 2237/3237 (69.1%) HCPs from 115 countries who consented to participate completed the survey. 1058 (47.3%) completed the HADS. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, depression and anxiety among HCPs in relation to country and PPE availability. ANALYSES Univariate analyses were used to investigate associations without generating erroneous causal conclusions. RESULTS Confirmed/suspected SARS-CoV-2 prevalence was 13.0%. PPE provision concerns were raised by 74.1% of participants; highest among trainees/resident physicians (83.9%) and among HCPs in Spain (89.7%). Most participants worked in self-perceived high-risk areas with SARS-CoV-2 (67.5%-87.0%), with proportionately more trainees interacting with suspected/confirmed infected patients (57.1% vs 24.2%-40.6%) and sonographers seeing more patients who did not wear a mask (33.3% vs 13.9%-7.9%). The most frequent PPE combination used was gloves and a surgical mask (22.3%). UK and US respondents reported spending less time self-isolating (8.8 days) and lower satisfaction with their national pandemic response (37.0%-43.0%). 19.8% and 8.8% of respondents met the criteria for moderate to severe anxiety and depression, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Reported prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in HCPs is consistent with literature findings. Most respondents used gloves and a surgical mask, with a greater SARS-CoV-2 prevalence compared with those using 'full' PPE. HCPs with the least agency (trainees and sonographers) were not only more likely to see high-risk patients but also less likely to be protected. A fifth of respondents reported moderate to severe anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bourne
- Early Pregnancy and Acute Gynaecology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher Kyriacou
- Early Pregnancy and Acute Gynaecology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Harsha Shah
- Early Pregnancy and Acute Gynaecology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jolien Ceusters
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumour Immunology and Immunotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jessica Preisler
- Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile José Joaquín Aguirre, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ulrike Metzger
- Département d'échographie en Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Centre d'Échographie de l'Odéon, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Landolfo
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Christoph Lees
- Centre for Fetal Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dirk Timmerman
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KU Leuven University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Okoli CTC, Seng S. Factors associated with posttraumatic growth among healthcare workers at an academic-medical center: A correlational study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:87-96. [PMID: 33931878 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Posttraumatic growth (PTG) can occur after experiencing traumatic events. Our purpose was to examine factors associated with PTG experiences of healthcare workers within an academic-medical center. DESIGN AND METHODS A correlational study was conducted using a convenience sample of 479 healthcare workers at a large academic-medical center. FINDINGS Having children living at home, serving the pediatric population, longer duration of alcohol abstinence, and having received treatment for trauma were significantly associated with greater PTG scores. Compared to nondirect care staff, advance practice providers, nursing staff, social work/psychologists, and pharmacy staff had significantly lower PTG scores. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Understanding the positive psychological changes that occur in workers after trauma experiences may provide insight to guide interventions that promote healthcare worker wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarret Seng
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Verschuren CM, Tims M, de Lange AH. A Systematic Review of Negative Work Behavior: Toward an Integrated Definition. Front Psychol 2021; 12:726973. [PMID: 34777108 PMCID: PMC8578924 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to identify the overlapping and unique aspects of the operationalizations of negative work behaviors (NWBs) to specify a new integrative definition of NWB. More specifically, we examined (1) how many operationalizations and conceptualizations of NWB can be identified, (2) whether these operationalizations can be categorized into facets, i. e., the nature of NWB, harm, actor types, and roles, with subcategories, (3) what the meaningful overlap in these operationalizations was, (4) whether the operationalizations tapped unique and meaningful elements, i.e., positive labels and dynamic processes, and (5) how the overlapping and unique elements of the operationalizations could be integrated into a new theory-based research model for NWB for future research. In the literature search based on the Prisma framework, Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, we identified k = 489 studies that met the inclusion criteria of our review. The results of these studies revealed 16 frequently studied NWB labels, e.g., bullying and aggression. Many of these could be categorized in the same way, namely, in terms of the type of behavior, type of harm, and type of actor involved in the NWB. In our new definition of NWB, we integrated the content of the overlapping and meaningful unique elements of the 16 labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cokkie M. Verschuren
- Department of Management and Organization, School of Business and Economics, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Tims
- Department of Management and Organization, School of Business and Economics, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annet H. de Lange
- Department of Human Resource Management, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Universidade da Coruna, A Coruña, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University Heerlen, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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12
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Vance MC, Mash HBH, Ursano RJ, Zhao Z, Miller JT, Clarion MJD, West JC, Morganstein JC, Iqbal A, Sen S. Exposure to Workplace Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Intern Physicians. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2112837. [PMID: 34100937 PMCID: PMC8188264 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Physicians are exposed to traumatic events during their work, but the impact and outcomes of these exposures are understudied. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and associations of work-related trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among a cohort of resident physicians in their internship year of training. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study involved physicians entering internship at US residency programs nationwide in 2018. Participants completed a baseline survey 1 to 2 months before commencing internship, as well as follow-up surveys at 4 time points during internship. Statistical analysis was performed from April 2020 to January 2021. EXPOSURES Twelve months of internship. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prevalence of work-related trauma and prevalence of PTSD among those who experienced work-related trauma. Trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Primary Care PTSD Screen for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (PC-PTSD-5). Risk factors assessed included depression, anxiety, early family environment, stressful life experiences, medical specialty, hours worked, and concern about medical errors. RESULTS Among 1134 interns who completed the PC-PTSD-5 at month 12 of internship, 665 (58.6%) were female and 695 (61.6%) were non-Hispanic White; the mean (SD) age was 27.52 (2.50) years. There were 640 interns (56.4%) who reported work-related trauma exposure; among these interns with trauma exposure, 123 (19.0%) screened positive for PTSD. Overall, 123 of 1134 training physicians (10.8%) screened positive for PTSD by the end of internship year, as compared with a 12-month PTSD prevalence rate of 3.6% in the general population. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, adjusting for demographic characteristics, indicated that risk factors associated with trauma exposure included non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity (odds ratio [OR], 1.51 [95% CI, 1.14-2.01]; P = .004), more hours worked (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00-1.03]; P = .03), early family environment (OR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.01-1.05]; P < .001), and stressful life experiences at baseline (OR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.06-2.01]; P = .02). Risk factors associated with PTSD were being unmarried (OR, 2.00 [95% CI, 1.07-3.73]; P = .03) and non-Hispanic White (OR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.01-3.11]; P = .05), concern about medical errors (OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.00-1.46]; P = .05), stressful life experiences during internship (OR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.14-1.81]; P = .002), depression at month 12 of internship (OR, 2.52 [95% CI = 1.36-4.65], P = .003), and anxiety at month 12 of internship (OR, 2.14, [95% CI, 1.13-4.04]; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that work-related PTSD was 3 times more prevalent among intern physicians than the general population. These findings suggest that effective interventions to reduce trauma exposure and mitigate the effects of trauma are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C. Vance
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Holly B. Herberman Mash
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert J. Ursano
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Jessica T. Miller
- F. Edward Herbert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - James C. West
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua C. Morganstein
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Abeer Iqbal
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Srijan Sen
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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13
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Cousino MK, Bogle C, Lim HM, McCormick AD, Sturza J, Fredericks EM, Magee JC, Blume ED. Burnout, professional fulfillment, and post-traumatic stress among pediatric solid organ transplant teams. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e14020. [PMID: 33861499 PMCID: PMC9031412 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse effects of clinician burnout have been studied across multiple specialties; however, there have been no studies examining rates of burnout among pediatric solid organ transplant teams. This study aimed to measure burnout, work exhaustion, professional fulfillment, and post-traumatic stress symptoms among clinicians and administrators practicing in this high-stress field. METHODS This cross-sectional study utilized a 50 item web-based survey that included the Personal Fulfillment Index and the IES-R. This survey was distributed across four pediatric solid organ transplant centers in North America. Basic demographics, clinician characteristics, and information regarding wellness and self-care activities were collected. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed. RESULTS One hundred and thirty five participants completed the survey, 76% were female and 78% were Caucasian. One-third (34%) of participants endorsed burnout, while 43% reported professional fulfillment. Approximately 15% of respondents endorsed clinically significant levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms related to patient deaths, with female clinicians more likely to endorse symptoms (p = .01). Nearly 80% of participants reported engaging in self-care activities outside of work and only 10% of participants reported participation in hospital-sponsored wellness programs. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric solid organ transplant team members exhibited moderate levels of burnout, professional fulfillment, and post-traumatic stress. Female clinicians were the most likely to experience both work exhaustion and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Transplant centers are encouraged to consider interventions and programming to improve clinician wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K. Cousino
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI,University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Carmel Bogle
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Heang M. Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Julie Sturza
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Emily M. Fredericks
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI,University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, MI,Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - John C. Magee
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI,University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
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14
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D'Ettorre G, Pellicani V, Ceccarelli G. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in healthcare workers: a ten-year systematic review. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020009. [PMID: 33263341 PMCID: PMC8023102 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i12-s.9459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims: Healthcare workers (HCWs) employed in hospital settings frequently experience many occupational stressors leading to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Literature has increasingly highlighted PTSD as a major issue that involves both staff and healthcare organizations; the consequences of PTSD may include medication errors and lower standards of care. The current COVID-19 pandemic poses the need for preventing PTSD in HCWs working closely with COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the latest developments in assessing and managing the occupational risk of PTSD symptoms in hospital HCWs. Methods: We searched for publications in MEDLINE/Pubmed using selected keywords. Each article was reviewed and categorized into one or more of the following four categories based on its subject matter: risk assessment, risk management and occurrence rates. Results: Our search resulted in a total of 32 publications that matched our inclusion criteria. Increased years of service, older age, previous year exposure to violence, personality traits (i.e. neuroticism), history of mental disorders, being non-graduates, were found to be workers’ pre-trauma factors predicting PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: The findings suggest the need to prioritize preventative interventions aimed to anticipate the effects of traumatic exposure by training HCWs in evidence based anticipatory methods of coping with stressful events. With regard to the current COVID-19 pandemic, we found evidence of the need to strength social support and training targeted at psychological skills of medical staff who treated COVID-19 patients. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy..
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15
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Scheepstra KWF, Pauw HS, van Steijn ME, Stramrood CAI, Olff M, van Pampus MG. Potential traumatic events in the workplace and depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress: a cross-sectional study among Dutch gynaecologists, paediatricians and orthopaedic surgeons. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033816. [PMID: 32878750 PMCID: PMC7470507 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of work-related potential traumatic events (PTEs), support protocols and mental health symptoms across Dutch gynaecologists, orthopaedic surgeons and paediatricians. DESIGN Cross-sectional study, supplementary analysis of combined data. SETTING Nationwide survey between 2014 and 2017. PARTICIPANTS An online questionnaire was sent to all Dutch gynaecologists, orthopaedic surgeons and paediatricians, including resident physicians (4959 physicians). 1374 questionnaires were eligible for analysis, corresponding with a response rate of 27.7%. OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome measures were the prevalence of work-related PTEs, depression, anxiety, psychological distress and traumatic stress, measured with validated screening instruments (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Trauma Screening Questionnaire). Secondary outcomes were the association of mental health and defensive practice to traumatic events and support protocols. RESULTS Of the respondents, 20.8% experienced a work-related PTE at least 4 weeks ago. Prevalence rates indicative of depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were 6.4%, 13.6% and 1.5%, respectively. Depression (9.2% vs 5.2%, p=0.019), anxiety (18.2% vs 8.2%, p<0.001) and psychological distress (22.8% vs 12.5%, p<0.001) were significantly more prevalent in female compared with male attendings. The absence of a support protocol was significantly associated with more probable PTSD (p=0.022). Those who witnessed a PTE, reported more defensive work changes (28.0% vs 20.5%, p=0.007) and those with probable PTSD considered to quit medical work more often (60.0% vs 35.8%, p=0.032). CONCLUSION Physicians are frequently exposed to PTEs with high emotional impact over the course of their career. Lacking a support protocol after adverse events was associated with more post-traumatic stress. Adverse events were associated with considering to quit medical practice and a more defensive practice. More awareness must be created for the mental health of physicians as well as for the implementation of a well-organised support system after PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah S Pauw
- Faculty of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Minouk Esmee van Steijn
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, OLVG Locatie Oost, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miranda Olff
- Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Psychotrauma Research, Arq National Psychotrauma Center, Diemen, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Maria G van Pampus
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, OLVG Locatie Oost, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Scheepstra KWF, van Lent EM, Lok A, Olff M, van Pampus MG. Exploring the impact of work-related potential traumatic events among Dutch psychiatrists. Psychiatry Res 2020; 288:112981. [PMID: 32371313 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatrists are frequently exposed to work-related potential traumatic events (PTEs). A survey was sent to the members of the Dutch Society of Psychiatrists of which 250 questionnaires were eligible for analysis. At least one work-related PTE was reported by 196 (78.4%) of the respondents, of which 177 described the PTE. Witnessing or experiencing verbal aggression (29.2%), physical violence (29.2%) or completed suicide (26.8%) were the most common PTEs. This survey implies that psychiatrists frequently experience work-related PTEs, often with a significant emotional impact. The majority of respondents considered current support as insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W F Scheepstra
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E M van Lent
- Arkin Institute for Mental Health, Klaprozenweg 111, 1033 NN, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Lok
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Olff
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Nienoord 5, 1112 XE, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - M G van Pampus
- OLVG, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oosterpark 9, 1090 HM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Witteveen AB, Stramrood CAI, Henrichs J, Flanagan JC, van Pampus MG, Olff M. The oxytocinergic system in PTSD following traumatic childbirth: endogenous and exogenous oxytocin in the peripartum period. Arch Womens Ment Health 2020; 23:317-329. [PMID: 31385103 PMCID: PMC7244459 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-019-00994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Birth experiences can be traumatic and may give rise to PTSD following childbirth (PTSD-FC). Peripartum neurobiological alterations in the oxytocinergic system are highly relevant for postpartum maternal behavioral and affective adaptions like bonding and lactation but are also implicated in the response to traumatic events. Animal models demonstrated that peripartum stress impairs beneficial maternal postpartum behavior. Early postpartum activation of the oxytocinergic system may, however, reverse these effects and thereby prevent adverse long-term consequences for both mother and infant. In this narrative review, we discuss the impact of trauma and PTSD-FC on normal endogenous oxytocinergic system fluctuations in the peripartum period. We also specifically focus on the potential of exogenous oxytocin (OT) to prevent and treat PTSD-FC. No trials of exogenous OT after traumatic childbirth and PTSD-FC were available. Evidence from non-obstetric PTSD samples and from postpartum healthy or depressed samples implies restorative functional neuroanatomic and psychological effects of exogenous OT such as improved PTSD symptoms and better mother-to-infant bonding, decreased limbic activation, and restored responsiveness in dopaminergic reward regions. Adverse effects of intranasal OT on mood and the increased fear processing and reduced top-down control over amygdala activation in women with acute trauma exposure or postpartum depression, however, warrant cautionary use of intranasal OT. Observational and experimental studies into the role of the endogenous and exogenous oxytocinergic system in PTSD-FC are needed and should explore individual and situational circumstances, including level of acute distress, intrapartum exogenous OT exposure, or history of childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Witteveen
- Department of Midwifery Science/AVAG, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Van der Boechorststraat 7, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. A. I. Stramrood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands
| | - J. Henrichs
- Department of Midwifery Science/AVAG, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Van der Boechorststraat 7, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. C. Flanagan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, 29425 SC USA
| | - M. G. van Pampus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, OLVG, Oosterpark 9, Amsterdam, 1091 AC The Netherlands
| | - M. Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands
- Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Nienoord 5, Diemen, 1112 XE The Netherlands
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18
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Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Molero Jurado MDM, Martos Martínez Á, Simón Márquez MDM, Oropesa Ruiz NF, Gázquez Linares JJ. Cross-sectional study of aggression against Spanish nursing personnel and effects on somatisation of physical symptoms. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034143. [PMID: 32152167 PMCID: PMC7064063 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Violence against nursing personnel in their place of work is a severe problem generating important consequences for these workers. Even though there is a large body of research on the subject, the emotional impact of aggression against healthcare workers continues to be debated. OBJECTIVES The objective of this quantitative, observational cross-sectional study was to analyse the effects of aggression against nursing personnel and the mediating role of anxiety in somaticising physical symptoms. METHOD The sample was made up of 1357 nursing professionals who answered questionnaires evaluating their sensitivity to anxiety and the presence of somatic symptoms. RESULTS Of the professionals who indicated that they had been the victims of aggression by family members or patients in the previous year, 52.8% said it had happened to them on one occasion, 25.2% had experienced two episodes, while 6.9% and 15.1% said they had undergone three or more aggressions, respectively. Although 89.3% of the professionals affected by acts of indicated that they had not undergone physical or psychological consequences, there was a higher prevalence of somatic alteration among workers who had been victims of violence in the workplace. Furthermore, aggression at work had a direct effect on physical somatisation, which in turn acted as a mediator in the level of anxiety of nursing professionals. Thus, aggression increased the level of anxiety of nurses through the appearance of somatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The results are discussed based on some of the consequences that appeared after episodes of aggression in the healthcare sector and their relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, Almeria, Andalucía, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asuncion, Gran Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | | | | | - José Jesús Gázquez Linares
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, Almeria, Andalucía, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
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19
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van der Meer CAI, Bakker A, van Zuiden M, Lok A, Olff M. Help in hand after traumatic events: a randomized controlled trial in health care professionals on the efficacy, usability, and user satisfaction of a self-help app to reduce trauma-related symptoms. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1717155. [PMID: 32284818 PMCID: PMC7144205 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1717155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the fact that many people are affected by trauma and suffer from posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) there is a lack of easy-accessible interventions to self-manage these symptoms. Mobile apps may deliver low-intensity self-help to reduce trauma-related symptoms and empower individuals following trauma, such as high-risk professionals who are regularly exposed to potentially traumatic events. In this randomized controlled trial, we examined the efficacy, and evaluated the usability and user satisfaction of the app 'SUPPORT Coach' as a self-help tool to reduce trauma-related symptoms. Methods: Health care professionals (e.g. nurses, physicians, paramedics and ambulance drivers) completed an online screening on PTSS (T0). They were randomized when at least one PTSS was reported, either to the intervention (1 month unlimited access to SUPPORT Coach) or control condition (no access to SUPPORT Coach). Self-reported PTSS, negative trauma-related cognitions, psychological resilience, and social support were assessed online at baseline (T1), post-condition (T2), and 1 month follow-up (T3). Results: Of the 1175 participants screened, 287 (24.4%) indicated at least one posttraumatic stress symptom and were randomized. The majority of intervention condition participants (83%, n = 103) used SUPPORT Coach; they were slightly to moderately satisfied with the app. There was no significant group difference in change in PTSS and social support after one-month app usage. However, the intervention condition showed a greater decline in negative trauma-related cognitions at T2 and T3, and a larger increase in psychological resilience at T3 than the control condition. Conclusions: SUPPORT Coach without guidance could potentially provide easy-accessible self-help to diminish negative trauma-related cognitions, and strengthen resilience in coping with adversities. However, since the attrition rate was substantially higher in the intervention than in control condition, our findings should be interpreted with caution and warrant replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianne A I van der Meer
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Bakker
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van Zuiden
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Lok
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Olff
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
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20
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Shi L, Li G, Hao J, Wang W, Chen W, Liu S, Yu Z, Shi Y, Ma Y, Fan L, Zhang L, Han X. Psychological depletion in physicians and nurses exposed to workplace violence: A cross-sectional study using propensity score analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2019; 103:103493. [PMID: 31884332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace safety is a key issue in health care. However, workplace violence represents a serious threat to workplace safety and has become a global public health problem. Workplace violence may also lead to the psychological depletion of healthcare workers. Previous studies, although cross-sectional, did not use methods such as propensity score matching to assess the potential causality of workplace violence on mental health. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of workplace violence on depression and anxiety symptoms by propensity score matching, and to explore the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in physicians and nurses. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3000 physicians and nurses in 15 public hospitals in Heilongjiang and Beijing provinces using a purposive sampling method. METHODS Individual baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared across workplace violence and non-workplace violence groups using Pearson's Chi-squared tests for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U tests for all non-parametric continuous variables. Propensity score matching was used to compare depression and anxiety symptoms in physicians and nurses who had experienced workplace violence with the symptoms of those who had not. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the associated factors of depression and anxiety symptoms. RESULTS A total of 2637 participants were involved in this study: 1264 (47.9%) were assigned to the exposed group, and 1373 (52.1%) to the non-exposed group. The prevalence of workplace violence among physicians and nurses in the past year was 47.9% (1264/2637). Before matching, the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in physicians and nurses was 58.8% and 39.7%, respectively. Participants who experienced physical and non-physical violence were more likely to suffer from depression symptoms (odds ratios 1.999, 95% confidence interval: 1.497-2.670), and anxiety symptoms (odds ratios 1.999, 95% confidence interval: 1.497-2.670) than those who had not. Participants' age, education levels, and occupation types were common influencing factors of depression and anxiety symptoms. The results also showed that nurses are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression symptoms than physicians. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to develop effective control strategies at the individual, hospital and national levels to protect health care workers from workplace violence. When healthcare workers experience workplace violence, it is important to pay attention to their emotional reactions and to provide them with support in order to avoid adverse impacts on mental health. Further practices and research initiatives to examine the longitudinal relation among workplace violence, anxiety, and depression are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jiatong Hao
- Department of Moral Education and Law Fundamentals, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Medical Dispute Office, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Medical Dispute Office, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Shihui Liu
- Medical Dispute Office, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Zhixin Yu
- Medical Dispute Office, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yuanshuo Ma
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lihua Fan
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Leijing Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Xuanye Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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21
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Abstract
The recent editorial highlighting factors that may lead to burnout among the paediatric fraternity drew attention to those at most risk. They included 'intelligent, committed, single young women' more so then men and those who were 'high achievers with empathy who take the patients' problems to heart'. Yet little appears to be available to ameliorate the stresses experienced by clinicians while building their resilience and improving their understanding of the interactions between themselves and the patient/parents. Drawing on past experience, a psychologically orientated approach to clinical care is emphasised. This approach required greater knowledge of one's self together with the need to commune with like-minded colleagues. That led to a Balint-type weekly group led by a child psychiatrist where experiences were exchanged, new knowledge acquired and mutual support provided. That in turn led to further study and the acquisition of new skills, including ongoing supervision to achieve a therapeutic interview. The latter was facilitated by carefully listening to the patient/parent, recognising the hidden agenda, struggling with non-compliant parents and appreciating concepts such as transference and counter-transference as it related to the patient-doctor interaction. Such insights may help paediatricians improve their therapeutic effectiveness and increase their personal satisfaction, thus adding a bonus to the essential requirement of a knowledge-based diagnosis and management plan. Yet, only a few avenues are available to acquire such experiences, which need to be made available not only to those who recognise their importance but to all. How best to achieve these goals remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Menahem
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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