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Shakiba E, Bazi A, Ghasemi H, Eshaghi‐Gorji R, Mehdipour SA, Nikfar B, Rashidi M, Mirzaei S. Hesperidin suppressed metastasis, angiogenesis and tumour growth in Balb/c mice model of breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2756-2769. [PMID: 37581480 PMCID: PMC10494297 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the unfavourable response of breast cancer (BC) to treatment, we assessed the therapeutic potential hesperidin in mice bearing 4T1 BC tumours. Anti-tumour effects were assessed by measuring pathologic complete response (pCR), survival analysis, immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin, VEGF, MMP9, MMP2 and Ki-67, serum measurement of IFNγ and IL-4, and gene expression analysis of CD105, VEGFa, VEGFR2 and COX2. Survival of tumour-bearing mice was the highest in mice receiving a combination of hesperidin and doxorubicin (Dox) (80%) compared to the normal saline (43%), hesperidin 5 (54%), 10 (55.5%), 10 (60.5%) and 40 (66%) mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg Dox-treated (73%) groups (p < 0.0001 for all). Compared to the normal saline group, there was a significant elevation in IFNγ level in the animals receiving 20 (p = 0.0026) and 40 (p < 0.001) mg/kg hesperidin, 10 mg/kg Dox (p < 0.001), and combined hesperidin (20 mg/kg) and Dox (10 mg/kg) (p < 0.001). A significant reduction in the gene expression of CD 105 (p = 0.0106), VEGFa (p < 0.0001), VEGFR2 (p < 0.0001), and Cox2 (p = 0.034) and a significant higher pCR score (p = 0.006) were noticed in mice treated with 10 mg/kg Dox + 20 mg/kg hesperidin compared to those treated with 10 mg/kg Dox alone. Immunohistochemical staining showed significant reductions in Ki-67 (p < 0.001) and VEGF (p < 0.001) and a significant elevation in E-cadherin (p = 0.005) in the 10 mg/kg Dox + 20 mg/kg treatment group than in 10 mg/kg Dox alone group. Hesperidin can be considered as a potentially suitable anti-cancer agent for BC that can synergize with other chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shakiba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Ali Bazi
- Department of HematologyKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
- Faculty of Allied Medical SciencesZabol University of Medical SciencesZabolIran
| | - Hamed Ghasemi
- Student Research CommitteeMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Reza Eshaghi‐Gorji
- Student Research CommitteeMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | | | - Banafsheh Nikfar
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department of PharmacologyMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research CenterMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
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Song L, Xiong P, Zhang W, Hu H, Tang S, Jia B, Huang W. Mechanism of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium as an Anticancer Agent from the Perspective of Flavonoids: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175622. [PMID: 36080397 PMCID: PMC9458152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), also known as “chenpi”, is the most common qi-regulating drug in traditional Chinese medicine. It is often used to treat cough and indigestion, but in recent years, it has been found to have multi-faceted anti-cancer effects. This article reviews the pharmacology of CRP and the mechanism of the action of flavonoids, the key components of CRP, against cancers including breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, hepatic carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer and other cancers with a high diagnosis rate. Finally, the specific roles of CRP in important phenotypes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy and migration–invasion in cancer were analyzed, and the possible prospects and deficiencies of CRP as an anticancer agent were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Peiyu Xiong
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hengchang Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Songqi Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Bo Jia
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
- Correspondence:
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Liu S, Li S, Ho CT. Dietary bioactives and essential oils of lemon and lime fruits. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Zeng J, Hu W, Li H, Liu J, Zhang P, Gu Y, Yu Y, Wang W, Wei Y. Purification of linarin and hesperidin from Mentha haplocalyx by aqueous two-phase flotation coupled with preparative HPLC and evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of linarin. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2496-2503. [PMID: 33857350 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The volatile oil of Mentha haplocalyx is widely used in medicine, food, and cosmetics. However, a large amount of its residue after steam extraction of volatile oil is abandoned, resulting in a waste of resources. The method of aqueous two-phase flotation coupled with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography was established for the separation and purification of nonvolatile active compounds from Mentha haplocalyx for the first time. The parameters of the two-phase aqueous flotation were optimized. Under the optimal conditions including flotation solvent PEG 1000 aqueous solution (1:1, w/w), pH 5, (NH4 )2 SO4 concentration of 350 g/L in aqueous phase, N2 flow rate of 20 mL/min, and flotation time of 20 min, the flotation efficiency of linarin, hesperidin, and didymin was 82.24, 76.38, and 89.33%, respectively. The linarin and hesperidin with the high purities of 95.8 and 97.2%, respectively, were obtained by using preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The neuroprotective effect of linarin against H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress in rat hippocampal neurons was investigated. The experimental result indicated that linarin could alleviate H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress. The work indicated that the combination of aqueous two-phase flotation and preparative high performance liquid chromatography is a feasible and practical method for the purification of nonvolatile active substances from Mentha haplocalyx, which would provide a reference process for the comprehensive utilization of M. haplocalyx. Especially, linarin might be used as a good source of natural neuroprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Weilun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiangang Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanxiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yingchun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
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Liu J, Ma X, LingWang. Modulating effect of graphine oxide loaded hesperidin nanocomposite on the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine provoked colon carcinogenesis in rats via inhibiting the iNOS and COX-2 pathways. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Santos C, Fernandes E. Therapeutic potential of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin: Cell cycle regulation and apoptosis induction in cancer models. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:152887. [PMID: 30975541 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of cancer cells to divide without restriction and to escape programmed cell death is a feature of the proliferative state. Citrus flavanones are flavonoids with potential multiple anticancer actions, from antioxidant and chemopreventive, to anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, cytostatic and cytotoxic in different cancer models. PURPOSE This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the antiproliferative actions of the citrus flavanones hesperidin (HSD) and hesperetin (HST), with emphasis on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. METHODS Cochrane Library, Scopus, Pubmed and Web of Science collection databases were queried for publications reporting antiproliferative effects of HSD and HST in cancer models. RESULTS HSD and HST have been proven to delay cell proliferation in several cancer models. Depending on the compound, dose and cell line studied, different effects have been reported. Cell cycle arrest associated with cytostatic effects has been reported in cells with increased levels of p53 and also cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, as well as decreased levels of specific cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. Moreover, apoptotic effects have been found to be associated with altered ratios of pro-/antiapoptotic proteins, caspase activation, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway activation and caspase-independent pathways. CONCLUSION Available scientific literature data indicate complex effects, dependent on cell lines and exposure conditions, suggesting that HSD and HST doses need to be optimized according to the cellular and organismal context. The establishment of the main antiproliferative mechanisms is of utmost importance for a possible therapeutic benefit of citrus flavanones in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Conceição Santos
- Integrated Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Hesperidin loaded Zn 2+@ SA/PCT nanocomposites inhibit the proliferation and induces the apoptosis in colon cancer cells (HCT116) through the enhancement of pro-apoptotic protein expressions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 204:111767. [PMID: 32006893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Colon carcinoma is a recurring type of cancer that affects the intestine epithelial with a poor survival rate. It was already proven the anticancer property of hesperidin in various cancers but the bioavailability hesperidin is poor, which hinders the hesperidin usage. In this investigation we synthesized hesperidin loaded Zn2+@ SA/PCT nanocomposites and assessed its anticancer potential against colon cancer (HCT116) cells. Hesperidin loaded Zn2+@ SA/PCT nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. The drug releasing capacity and cytotoxic property was assessed via drug releasing assay, MTT assay with HCT116 cells. The anticancer potency of hesperidin nanocomposites were evaluated with TUNEL, DAPI staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay and it is confirmed with flow cytometry analysis of MMP disruption in colon cancer (HCT116) cell line. Further the immunoblotting analysis of cysteine proteases Caspases 3, 9, PARP, proapoptotic protein Bax and antiapoptotic protein Bcl2 were performed. The results of FTIR, XRD and electroscopic analyses confirmed the synthesized hesperidin nanocomposites accomplish the properties of potent nanodrug and the MTT assay authentically confirmed that the synthesized hesperidin nanocomposite inhibited the HCT116 cell growth, and the results of fluorescent staining proved that the hesperidin nanocomposite induced the apoptotic mediated cell necrosis via promoting the expression of apoptotic proteins thereby induced the apoptosis in colon cancer (HCT116) cells. Hence, it was concluded that the, hesperidin loaded nanocomposites persuasively inhibited proliferation of colon carcinoma cell and induced apoptosis in in vitro condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagy Morsy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Ren L, Konger RL. Evidence that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ suppresses squamous carcinogenesis through anti-inflammatory signaling and regulation of the immune response. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1589-1601. [PMID: 31111568 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A variety of evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonists may represent a potential pharmacologic target in the prevention or treatment of skin cancer. In particular, recent reports suggest that PPARγ activation may exert at least some of its anti-neoplastic effects through the suppression of tumor promoting chronic inflammation as well as by strengthening antitumor immune responses. This activity is thought to occur through a distinct mode of ligand interaction with PPARγ that causes transrepression of transcription factors that are involved in inflammatory and immunomodulatory signaling. However, current thiazolidinedione (TZD)-type PPARγ agonists have significant safety concerns that limit their usefulness as a preventive or therapeutic option. Due to the relatively large ligand binding pocket of PPARγ, a diverse group of ligands can be seen to interact with distinct modes of binding to PPARγ, leading to the phenomenon of partial agonist activity and selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγM). This has led to the development of ligands that are tailored to deliver desired pharmacologic activity, but lack some of the negative side effects associated with full agonists, such as the currently utilized TZD-type PPARγ agonists. In addition, there is evidence that a number of phytochemicals that are currently being touted as antineoplastic nutraceuticals also possess PPARγ activity that may partially explain their pharmacologic activity. We propose that one or more of these partial agonists, SPPARγMs, or putative phytochemical PPARγ ligands could presumably be used as a starting point to design more efficacious anti-neoplastic PPARγ ligands that lack adverse pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Raymond L Konger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Man MQ, Yang B, Elias PM. Benefits of Hesperidin for Cutaneous Functions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:2676307. [PMID: 31061668 PMCID: PMC6466919 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2676307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid, with high concentration in citrus fruits. In addition to its well-known benefits for cardiovascular function, type II diabetes, and anti-inflammation, recent studies have demonstrated multiple benefits of hesperidin for cutaneous functions, including wound healing, UV protection, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, antiskin cancer, and skin lightening. In addition, hesperidin enhances epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis in both normal young and aged skin. The mechanisms by which hesperidin benefits cutaneous functions are attributable to its antioxidant properties, inhibition of MAPK-dependent signaling pathways, and stimulation of epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and lipid production. Because of its low cost, wide availability, and superior safety, hesperidin could prove useful for the management of a variety of cutaneous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Qiang Man
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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Stanisic D, Costa AF, Cruz G, Durán N, Tasic L. Applications of Flavonoids, With an Emphasis on Hesperidin, as Anticancer Prodrugs: Phytotherapy as an Alternative to Chemotherapy. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64056-7.00006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Cirmi S, Ferlazzo N, Lombardo GE, Maugeri A, Calapai G, Gangemi S, Navarra M. Chemopreventive Agents and Inhibitors of Cancer Hallmarks: May Citrus Offer New Perspectives? Nutrients 2016; 8:E698. [PMID: 27827912 PMCID: PMC5133085 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables have long been recognized as potentially important in the prevention of cancer risk. Thus, scientific interest in nutrition and cancer has grown over time, as shown by increasing number of experimental studies about the relationship between diet and cancer development. This review attempts to provide an insight into the anti-cancer effects of Citrus fruits, with a focus on their bioactive compounds, elucidating the main cellular and molecular mechanisms through which they may protect against cancer. Scientific literature was selected for this review with the aim of collecting the relevant experimental evidence for the anti-cancer effects of Citrus fruits and their flavonoids. The findings discussed in this review strongly support their potential as anti-cancer agents, and may represent a scientific basis to develop nutraceuticals, food supplements, or complementary and alternative drugs in a context of a multi-target pharmacological strategy in the oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Cirmi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy.
| | - Nadia Ferlazzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy.
| | - Giovanni E Lombardo
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro I-88100, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy.
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina I-98125, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina I-98125, Italy.
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli I-80078, Italy.
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy.
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Hesperidin ameliorates trichloroethylene-induced nephrotoxicity by abrogation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in wistar rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 406:9-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Structural effects on the hesperidin properties obtained by chelation to magnesium complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 129:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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15
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Rech Franke SI, Guecheva TN, Henriques JAP, Prá D. Orange Juice and Cancer Chemoprevention. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:943-53. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.817594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Suppression of plasminogen activators and the MMP-2/-9 pathway by a Zanthoxylum avicennae extract to inhibit the HA22T human hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion effects in vitro and in vivo via phosphatase 2A activation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013; 77:1814-21. [PMID: 24018669 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study shows that the ECM degradation-associated pathway, including uPA and tPA and the downstream MMP-2/-9 protein, was significantly suppressed in HA22T cells treated with a Zanthoxylum avicennae extract (YBBE). The endogenous inhibitors, including TIMP-1/-2 and PAI-1, were enhanced in HA22T cells by the YBBE treatment. The expression of MMP-2/-9 and TIMP-1/-2 was respectively assessed by using RT-PCR and a zymography assay. The mRNA levels and enzymatic activity of MMP-2/-9 were down-regulated by the YBBE treatment in a dose-dependent manner, while the TIMP-1/-2 levels were conversely markedly increased. The PP2A siRNA or PP2A inhibitor totally reversed the YBBE effects, confirming the essential role of PP2A in YBBE inhibiting the HA22T cell migration and invasion effects. Xenografted animal experiments on nude mice demonstrated similiar results to the in vitro system. Both the in vitro and in vivo models clearly demonstrate that YBBE inhibited the highly metastatic HA22T liver cancer cell migration and invasion effects through PP2A activation.
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Xu F, Zang J, Chen D, Zhang T, Zhan H, Lu M, Zhuge H. Neohesperidin Induces Cellular Apoptosis in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 Cells via Activating the Bcl-2/Bax-mediated Signaling Pathway. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200701116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neohesperidin, a flavonoid compound found in high amounts in Poncirus trifoliata, has free radical scavenging activity. For the first time, our study indicated that neohesperidin also induces cell apoptosis in human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells, which was possibly mediated by regulating the P53/Bcl-2/Bax pathway. MDA-MB-231 cells were subjected to treatment with neohesperidin. MTT and Trypan blue exclusion assays were applied to assess the cell viability. The morphological changes of cells were observed using an inverted microscope, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometric analysis. Immunoblot analysis was conducted to evaluate the protein expressions of apoptosis-related genes, including P53, Bcl-2 and Bax. Our results indicated that the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells was inhibited by the treatment with neohesperidin in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of neohesperidin at 24 and 48 h were 47.4±2.6 μM and 32.5±1.8 μM, respectively. The expressions of P53 and Bax in the neohesperidin-treated cells were significantly up-regulated, while that of Bcl-2 was down-regulated. Our study suggested that neohesperidin could induce apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells, a process which was associated with the activation of the Bcl-2/Bax-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Municipal Women and Children Health Hospital, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology, Suzhou University, Suzhou215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia Zang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Municipal Women and Children Health Hospital, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Municipal Women and Children Health Hospital, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Municipal Women and Children Health Hospital, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huiying Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Municipal Women and Children Health Hospital, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mudan Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Municipal Women and Children Health Hospital, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhuge
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology, Suzhou University, Suzhou215123, Jiangsu Province, China
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Hou M, Man M, Man W, Zhu W, Hupe M, Park K, Crumrine D, Elias PM, Man MQ. Topical hesperidin improves epidermal permeability barrier function and epidermal differentiation in normal murine skin. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:337-40. [PMID: 22509829 PMCID: PMC3335754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Orange peel extract appears to exhibit beneficial effects on skin whitening, inflammation, UVB protection, as well as keratinocyte proliferation. In the present study, we determine whether topical hesperidin influences epidermal permeability barrier function and its underlying mechanisms. Hairless mice were treated topically with 2% hesperidin or 70% ethanol alone twice daily for 6 days. At the end of treatment, basal transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured 2 and 4 h post barrier disruption. Epidermal proliferation and differentiation were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. Additionally, lamellar body density and secretion were assessed by electron microscopy. Although there were no significant differences in basal barrier function, in comparison with control animals, topical hesperidin significantly accelerated barrier recovery at both 2 and 4 h after acute barrier abrogation. Enhanced barrier function in hesperidin-treated skin correlated with stimulation of both epidermal proliferation and differentiation, as well as enhanced lamellar body secretion. These results indicate that topical hesperidin enhances epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis at least in part due to stimulation of epidermal proliferation, differentiation, as well as lamellar body secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maihua Hou
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Mona Man
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Wenyan Man
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Melanie Hupe
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Kyungho Park
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Debra Crumrine
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Mao-Qiang Man
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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Shawky E. Development and validation of an HPTLC method for the simultaneous determination of diosmin and hesperidin in different citrus fruit extracts and pharmaceutical formulations. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.25.2012.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Belboukhari N, Cheriti A, Roussel C, Vanthuyne N. Chiral separation of hesperidin and naringin and its analysis in a butanol extract ofLauneae arborescens. Nat Prod Res 2010; 24:669-81. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410903178376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Effect of far-infrared radiation drying of citrus press-cakes on free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. J FOOD ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hosseinimehr SJ, Karami M. Citrus extract modulates genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in mice bone marrow cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:505-9. [PMID: 15831212 DOI: 10.1211/0022357055849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The protective effect of citrus extract was investigated by using the micronucleus assay for anticlastogenic activity in mouse bone marrow cells; liver glutathione (GSH) content was determined against toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide. Mice were orally (gavage) pretreated with solutions of citrus peel extract (Citrus aurantium var. amara) prepared at three different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg kg−1 body weight) for 7 consecutive days. Then mice were injected intraperitoneally on the seventh day with cyclophosphamide (50 mg kg−1) and after 24 h killed for the evaluation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs) in bone marrow cells. Non-protein thiol levels in liver were estimated in mice injected with citrus extract with or without cyclophosphamide treatment. Administration of citrus extract before cyclophosphamide treatment significantly reduced the frequency of MnPCEs in mice bone marrow compared with the group treated with cyclophosphamide alone (P<0.0001–0.05). Citrus extract at a dose of 400 mg kg−1 reduced MnPCEs 2.8 fold against genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide. Administration of cyclophosphamide depleted the GSH level in liver. Citrus extract showed excellent scavenging effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) at a concentration of 1.6 mg mL−1. Application of citrus extract 1 h before cyclophosphamide treatment allowed GSH content to reach the normal level. It appeared that citrus extract, particularly flavonoids constituents with antioxidative activity, may return the GSH level to normal in stress conditions and reduces genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in bone marrow cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Iqbal MF, Zhu WY. Bioactivation of flavonoid diglycosides by chicken cecal bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 295:30-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Yeh MH, Kao ST, Hung CM, Liu CJ, Lee KH, Yeh CC. Hesperidin inhibited acetaldehyde-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Toxicol Lett 2009; 184:204-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 11/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kamaraj S, Ramakrishnan G, Anandakumar P, Jagan S, Devaki T. Antioxidant and anticancer efficacy of hesperidin in benzo(a)pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. Invest New Drugs 2008; 27:214-22. [PMID: 18704264 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-008-9159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemoprevention is regarded as one of the most promising and realistic approaches in the prevention of cancer. Several bioactive compounds present in fruits and vegetables have revealed their cancer curative potential on lung cancer. Hesperidin is one such naturally occurring flavonoid widely found in citrus fruits. The aim of the present study is to divulge the chemopreventive nature of hesperidin during benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) induced lung cancer in Swiss albino mice. Administration of B(a)P (50 mg/kg body weight) to mice resulted in increased lipid peroxides (LPO), lung specific tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and serum marker enzymes aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), 5'nucleotidase (5'ND) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with concomitant decrease in the levels of tissue antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin E and vitamin C. Hesperidin supplementation (25 mg/kg body weight) significantly attenuated these alterations thereby showing potent anticancer effect in lung cancer. Further the antiproliferative effect of hesperidin was confirmed by histopathological analysis and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining. Overall, these findings substantiate the chemopreventive potential of hesperidin against chemically induced lung cancer in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattu Kamaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
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Park HJ, Kim MJ, Ha E, Chung JH. Apoptotic effect of hesperidin through caspase3 activation in human colon cancer cells, SNU-C4. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:147-51. [PMID: 17897817 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin, a known flavonoid constituent of citrus, reduces the proliferation of many cancer cells. The apoptotic effects of hesperidin on human colon cancer cells, SNU-C4, were determined at concentrations of 1-100 microM. At 100 microM, hesperidin reduced cell viability to 65.00+/-0.05% of control values in a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell death induced by hesperidin showed apoptotic features in 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Examination of the expression of apoptosis-regulating genes indicated that hesperidin treatment decreased the expression of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) mRNA, and increased the expression of BCL2-associated X protein (BAX). The expression and activity of the major apoptotic factor caspase3 (CASP3) was increased significantly with hesperidin treatment. Hesperidin down-regulated the protein expression of pro-CASP3, and up-regulated the level of active CASP3. Thus, these results suggest that hesperidin could induce apoptosis in human colon cancer cells through CASP3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Park
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Zhu J, Yu K, Chen X, Hu Z. Comparison of two sample preconcentration strategies for the sensitivity enhancement of flavonoids found in Chinese herbal medicine in micellar electrokinetic chromatography with UV detection. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1166:191-200. [PMID: 17723234 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two on-column preconcentration techniques named stacking with reverse migrating micelles (SRMM) and anion selective electrokinetic injection and a water plug-sweeping with reverse migrating micelles (ASIW-sweep-RMM) were used and compared for concentration and separation of flavonoids in Chinese herbs using reverse migration micellar electrokinetic chromatography (RM-MEKC). The optimal background electrolyte (BGE) used for separation and preconcentration was a solution composed of 20mM phosphoric acid (H(3)PO(4))-100mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-20% (v/v) acetonitrile (ACN) buffer (pH 2.0), the applied voltage was -15kV. To achieve reasonable results of the two techniques, the conditions which affected preconcentration were examined. A comparison of used techniques with normal hydrodynamic injection (5s), concerning enhancement factors and limits of detection (LODs) was presented. Under the optimum stacking conditions, about 27-37- and 45-194-fold improvement in the detection sensitivity was obtained for SRMM and ASIW-sweep-RMM, respectively, compared to usual hydrodynamic sample injection (5s). The LODs (S/N=3) for SRMM and ASIW-sweep-RMM in terms of peak height, can reach down to 1.15 x 10(-2) microg/ml for hesperetin and 2.4 x 10(-3) microg/ml for nobiletin, respectively. Finally, the amounts of the six flavonoids in extract of Fructus aurantii Immaturus were successfully determined using ASIW-sweep-RMM. The six analytes were baseline separated with sample matrix under the optimum ASIW-sweep-RMM conditions and the experimental results showed that preconcentration was well achieved after the dilution of sample solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Choi SY, Ko HC, Ko SY, Hwang JH, Park JG, Kang SH, Han SH, Yun SH, Kim SJ. Correlation between Flavonoid Content and the NO Production Inhibitory Activity of Peel Extracts from Various Citrus Fruits. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:772-8. [PMID: 17409518 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the correlation between the flavonoid content and NO production inhibitory activity of fruit peel extracts using 20 citrus plants. The contents of seven flavonoids (naringin, naringenin, hesperidin, hesperetin, rutin, nobiletin, and tangeretin) were determined by HPLC analysis. Each citrus peel extract varied in flavonoid content, but the contents of nobiletin and tangeretin, which were contained in all 20 fruit peels, showed a positive and significant correlation with each other (r=0.879, p<0.0005 for immature fruit peels; r=0.858, p<0.0005 for mature fruit peels). All citrus peel extracts dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. This inhibitory effect was significantly and positively correlated with the content of nobiletin and tangeretin. Nobiletin showed a more potent NO production inhibitory activity (IC50=26.5 microM) compared to tangeretin (IC50=136.6 microM). This result supports the premise that nobiletin-rich citrus may provide protection against disease resulting from excessive NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Youn Choi
- Department of Life Science, Cheju National University, Korea
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29
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Determination of flavonoids and ascorbic acid in grapefruit peel and juice by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jamali A, Kouhila M, Mohamed LA, Idlimam A, Lamharrar A. Moisture adsorption–desorption isotherms of Citrus reticulata leaves at three temperatures. J FOOD ENG 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kanaze FI, Bounartzi MI, Georgarakis M, Niopas I. Pharmacokinetics of the citrus flavanone aglycones hesperetin and naringenin after single oral administration in human subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 61:472-7. [PMID: 17047689 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hesperetin and naringenin, the aglycones of the flavanone glycosides hesperidin and naringin, occur naturally in citrus fruits. They exert interesting pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, blood lipid and cholesterol lowering and are considered to contribute to health benefits in humans. However, no information is available on the pharmacokinetics of the citrus flavanones hesperetin and naringenin after their oral administration to humans as pure aglycones. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation was the evaluation of the pharmacokinetic parameters of hesperetin and naringenin in plasma and urine, after their single oral administration in humans in the form of solid dispersion capsules, and also to improve the absorption rate of flavanones by using aglycones rather than the naturally occurring glycosides. DESIGN Six healthy volunteers received orally 135 mg of each compound, hesperetin and naringenin, under fasting conditions. Blood samples were collected at 14 different time points over a 12 h period. Urine was collected over 24 h, in five sequential timed intervals. Plasma and urine hesperetin and naringenin concentrations, after enzymatic hydrolysis of their conjugated forms, were measured using validated high-pressure liquid chromatography methods. Pharmacokinetic parameters for hesperetin and naringenin, such as C(max), T(max), AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), CL/F, V/F, t(1/2), MRT, A(e), A(e)((0-24)), and R(max) were calculated from their plasma or urine concentrations. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that both hesperetin and naringenin were rapidly absorbed and their concentrations in plasma observed 20 min after dosing and reached a peak in 4.0 and 3.5 h, respectively. The mean peak plasma concentration (C(max)) for hesperetin and naringenin were 825.78+/-410.63 ng/ml (2731.8+/-1358.4 nmol/l) and 2009.51+/-770.82 ng/ml (7386.6+/-2833.4 nmol/l), respectively and the mean AUC(0-infinity) values were 4846.20+/-1675.99 ng h/ml and 9424.52+/-2960.52 ng h/ml for hesperetin and naringenin, respectively. The elimination half-life for hesperetin was found to be 3.05+/-0.91 h and for naringenin 2.31+/-0.40 h, respectively. The mean values of the relative cumulative urinary excretion, as percentage of the administered dose, for hesperetin and naringenin, were found to be 3.26+/-0.44 and 5.81+/-0.81%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of the flavanone aglycones, hesperetin and naringenin, lead to their rapid absorption as their conjugated forms. The cumulative urinary recovery data indicated low bioavailability for both flavanone aglycones, owing to extensive first-pass metabolism partly by cleavage of the C-ring by the enzymes of intestinal bacteria leading to degradation products such as phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- F I Kanaze
- Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ortuño A, Báidez A, Gómez P, Arcas M, Porras I, García-Lidón A, Río JD. Citrus paradisi and Citrus sinensis flavonoids: Their influence in the defence mechanism against Penicillium digitatum. Food Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Silberberg M, Morand C, Mathevon T, Besson C, Manach C, Scalbert A, Remesy C. The bioavailability of polyphenols is highly governed by the capacity of the intestine and of the liver to secrete conjugated metabolites. Eur J Nutr 2005; 45:88-96. [PMID: 15981077 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-005-0568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After ingestion of a complex meal containing foods and beverages of plant origin, different polyphenols are likely to be simultaneously present in the intestine. However, almost nothing is known about their interactions and possible consequences on their bioavailability. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study deals with the intestinal absorption and splanchnic metabolism of three polyphenols, genistein, hesperetin and ferulic acid (FA),when perfused in the small intestine alone or in combination, at different doses (15 and 120 microM). METHODS The fate of polyphenols in the small intestine was studied using a rat in situ intestinal perfusion model. Polyphenols were analysed in perfusate, bile and plasma by HPLC. RESULTS Whatever the perfused dose, the efficiency of the net transfer towards the enterocyte was similar for the three polyphenols and not significantly modified by any association between these molecules. However, FA largely differed from the two flavonoids by its low intestinal secretion of conjugates. When perfused at 15 microM, the secretion of conjugates back to the lumen represented 6.2% of the net transfer into the enterocytes for FA compared to 25.5 and 20 % for genistein and hesperetin respectively. Intestinal conjugation and secretion of conjugates back to the gut lumen varied with the dose of flavonoids: saturation of conjugation was observed for the highest dose or when a high dose of a second flavonoid was perfused simultaneously. Intensity of the biliary secretion substantially differed among tested polyphenols: 7.7% of the net transfer for FA vs 50% for genistein or hesperetin. The extent of the enterohepatic cycling of these polyphenols was proportional to the perfused dose and unaffected by the simultaneous presence of different compounds in the intestine. CONCLUSION Genistein and hesperetin appeared less available than FA for peripheral tissues because of a high intestinal and biliary secretion of their conjugates. Moreover, data suggest that a high polyphenol intake may improve their bioavailability due to saturation of the intestinal secretion of conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silberberg
- Laboratoire des Maladies Métaboliques et des Micronutriments, I. N. R. A. Centre de Recherche de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, 63122, Saint Genés-Champanelle, France
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Kanaze FI, Kokkalou E, Georgarakis M, Niopas I. A validated solid-phase extraction HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of the citrus flavanone aglycones hesperetin and naringenin in urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 36:175-81. [PMID: 15351063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Revised: 05/09/2004] [Accepted: 05/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple, specific, precise, accurate, and robust HPLC assay for the simultaneous analysis of hesperetin and naringenin in human urine was developed and validated. Urine samples were incubated with beta-glucuronidase/sulphatase and the analytes were isolated by solid-phase extraction using C18 cartridges and separated on a C8 reversed phase column using a mixture of methanol/water/acetic acid (40:58:2, v/v/v) at 45 degrees C. The method was found to be linear in the 50-1200 ng/ml concentration range for both hesperetin and naringenin (r > 0.999). The accuracy of the method was greater than 94.8%, while the intra- and inter-day precision for hesperetin was better than 4.9 and 8.2%, respectively and for naringenin was better than 5.3 and 7.8%, respectively. Recovery for hesperetin, naringenin and internal standard 7-ethoxycoumarin was greater than 70.9%. The method has been applied for the determination of hesperetin and naringenin in urine samples obtained from a male volunteer following a single 300 mg oral dose of each of the corresponding flavanone glycosides hesperidin and naringin. The intra- and inter-day reproducibility through enzyme hydrolysis was less than 3.9% for both total (free + conjugated) hesperetin and naringenin. Stability studies showed urine quality control samples to be stable for both hesperetin and naringenin through three freeze-thaw cycles and at room temperature for 24 h (error < or = 3.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras Imad Kanaze
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Manach C, Morand C, Gil-Izquierdo A, Bouteloup-Demange C, Rémésy C. Bioavailability in humans of the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin after the ingestion of two doses of orange juice. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57:235-42. [PMID: 12571654 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2001] [Revised: 05/29/2002] [Accepted: 06/04/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Flavanones are polyphenols specific of citrus fruits, where they are present in high amounts. Although citrus fruits and juices are widely consumed in the world, little information has been published on flavanone bioavailability in humans. The aim of the present study was to determine the nature of the circulating metabolites, the plasma kinetics and the urinary excretion patterns of the flavanones, hesperidin and narirutin. DESIGN After an overnight fast, five healthy volunteers ingested 0.5 or 1 l of a commercial orange juice providing 444 mg/l hesperidin and 96.4 mg/l narirutin, together with a polyphenol-free breakfast. Blood was sampled at 10 different timepoints over a 24 h period. Urine was collected for 48 h, in five fractions. RESULTS Flavanones metabolites appeared in plasma 3 h after the juice ingestion, reached a peak between 5 and 7 h, then returned to baseline at 24 h. The peak plasma concentration of hesperetin was 0.46+/-0.07 micro mol/l and 1.28+/-0.13 micro mol/l after the 0.5 and 1 l intake, respectively. It was lower for naringenin: 0.20+/-0.04 micro mol/l after the 1 l dose. The circulating forms of hesperetin were glucuronides (87%) and sulphoglucuronides (13%). For both flavanones, the urinary excretion was nearly complete 24 h after the orange juice ingestion. The relative urinary excretion was similar for hesperetin and naringenin and did not depend on the dose: values ranged from 4.1+/-1.2 to 7.9+/-1.7% of the intake. CONCLUSIONS In case of a moderate or high consumption of orange juice, flavanones may represent an important part of the pool of total polyphenols present in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Manach
- Unité des Maladies Métaboliques et Micronutriments, INRA Clermont-Theix, St-Genès Champanelle, France.
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Garg A, Garg S, Zaneveld LJ, Singla AK. Chemistry and pharmacology of the Citrus bioflavonoid hesperidin. Phytother Res 2001; 15:655-69. [PMID: 11746857 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid, is an abundant and inexpensive by-product of Citrus cultivation. A deficiency of this substance in the diet has been linked with abnormal capillary leakiness as well as pain in the extremities causing aches, weakness and night leg cramps. No signs of toxicity have been observed with the normal intake of hesperidin or related compounds. Both hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin have been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties. This paper reviews various aspects of hesperidin and its related compounds, including their occurrence, physical and chemical properties, analysis, pharmacokinetics, safety and toxicity and the marketed products available. A special emphasis has been laid on the pharmacological properties and medicinal uses of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garg
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Hakim IA, Harris RB. Joint effects of citrus peel use and black tea intake on the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. BMC DERMATOLOGY 2001; 1:3. [PMID: 11527506 PMCID: PMC45584 DOI: 10.1186/1471-5945-1-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2001] [Accepted: 08/01/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in tea drinking habits and/or citrus peel use are likely to vary by populations and could contribute to the inconsistencies found between studies comparing their consumption and cancer risk. METHODS A population-based case-control study was used to evaluate the relationships between citrus peel use and black tea intake and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin. Moreover, we assessed the independent and interactive effects of citrus peel and black tea in the development of SCC. RESULTS Hot and iced teas were consumed by 30.7% and 51.8% of the subjects, respectively. Peel consumption was reported by 34.5% of subjects. Controls were more likely than were cases to report citrus peel use (odds ratio (OR) = 0.67) and hot tea intake (OR = 0.79). After adjustment for hot and iced tea intake, the ORs associated with citrus peel use were 0.55 and 0.69, respectively, whereas the corresponding adjusted ORs for hot and iced tea intake after adjustment for citrus peel use were 0.87 and 1.22 respectively. Compared with those who did not consume hot black tea or citrus peel, the adjusted ORs associated with sole consumption of hot black tea or citrus peel were 0.60 and 0.30, respectively. Subjects who reported consumption of both hot black tea and citrus peel had a significant marked decrease (OR= 0.22; 95% CI = 0.10 - 0.51) risk of skin SCC. CONCLUSION These results indicate that both citrus peel use and strong (hot) black tea have independent potential protective effects in relation to skin SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman A Hakim
- University of Arizona College of Public Health and the Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Robin B Harris
- University of Arizona College of Public Health and the Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Abstract
Analysis of the polar fractions of an EtOH extract obtained from the bark of the African medicinal plant Fagara macrophylla led to the isolation and identification of the alkaloids oblongine (6), tembetarine (7) and magnoflorine (8) and the flavonoid hesperidin (9). These compounds, together with other metabolites (1--5) previously isolated from F. macrophylla, were tested for antifeedant activity in a binary-choice bioassay. The acridone alkaloid xanthoxoline (4) was found to have a potent antifeedant activity against larvae of both Spodoptera frugiperda and S. littoralis. 1-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-methyl-acridone (2), arborinine (3), tembetarine (7) and magnoflorine (8) were antifeedant against S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tringali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania I-95125, Italy.
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Di Mauro A, Fallico B, Passerini A, Maccarone E. Waste water from citrus processing as a source of hesperidin by concentration on styrene-divinylbenzene resin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:2291-2295. [PMID: 10888539 DOI: 10.1021/jf990992w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a procedure for recovering hesperidin from the waste water of orange juice processing, namely, yellow water, by concentration of diluted extracts on styrene-divinylbenzene resin. Turbid raw material flowing out from centrifuges of essential oil separation contains considerable amount of hesperidin ( approximately 1 g/L) mainly associated with solid particles. Yellow water was treated with calcium hydroxide until pH 12 to solubilize hesperidin, filtered, neutralized at pH 6, and loaded on resin up to saturation. Desorption with 10% ethanol aqueous solutions at different NaOH concentrations (0.23-0.92 M) assured high concentration of hesperidin in selected fractions (10-78 g/L), from which it precipitated in high yield and purity immediately after acidification at pH 5. Best results were obtained using 0.46 M NaOH as eluent: 71.5% of the adsorbed hesperidin was desorbed in 300 mL, with an overall 64% yield of isolated product at 95.4% purity (HPLC). These experiments can constitute a useful starting point for an industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Mauro
- Istituto di Industrie Agrarie, Università di Catania, Italy
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41
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Di Mauro A, Fallico B, Passerini A, Rapisarda P, Maccarone E. Recovery of hesperidin from orange peel by concentration of extracts on styrene-divinylbenzene resin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 1999; 47:4391-4397. [PMID: 10552823 DOI: 10.1021/jf990038z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a new procedure for obtaining hesperidin from the waste orange peel of the citrus industry. It is based on the adsorption of dilute extracts of hesperidin on a styrene-divinylbenzene (SDVB) resin and the desorption in much more reduced volumes by means of alkaline eluents. Hesperidin immediately precipitates with good yield and high purity after acidification of the concentrated solutions, thus overcoming disadvantages due to the high dilution. Different experiments were carried out to examine operating conditions in each phase of the process. Hesperidin was extracted from peel with an aqueous saturated Ca(OH)(2) solution, allowing precipitation of calcium pectates from colloidal pectins that can interfere in the subsequent phases of adsorption and separation of hesperidin. The clear extracts were neutralized to optimize adsorption on resin. The most effective eluent was 0.5 N NaOH solution containing 10% ethanol. Recycling of the crystallization liquor improved the yield and purity of the product and reduced the acid amount required for neutralizing fresh alkaline extracts. Resin must be washed after each adsorption-desorption cycle and regenerated after five cycles. Results can constitute a useful starting point for an industrial application. A flow scheme of the process is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Mauro
- Istituto di Industrie Agrarie, Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy
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