1
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Maeda Y, Koshizaka M, Shoji M, Kaneko H, Kato H, Maezawa Y, Kawashima J, Yoshinaga K, Ishikawa M, Sekiguchi A, Motegi SI, Nakagami H, Yamada Y, Tsukamoto S, Taniguchi A, Sugimoto K, Takami Y, Shoda Y, Hashimoto K, Yoshimura T, Kogure A, Suzuki D, Okubo N, Yoshida T, Watanabe K, Kuzuya M, Takemoto M, Oshima J, Yokote K. Renal dysfunction, malignant neoplasms, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, and sarcopenia as key outcomes observed in a three-year follow-up study using the Werner Syndrome Registry. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3273-3294. [PMID: 37130431 PMCID: PMC10449280 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Werner syndrome is an adult-onset progeria syndrome that results in various complications. This study aimed to clarify the profile and secular variation of the disease. Fifty-one patients were enrolled and registered in the Werner Syndrome Registry. Their data were collected annually following registration. A cross-sectional analysis at registration and a longitudinal analysis between the baseline and each subsequent year was performed. Pearson's chi-squared and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used. Malignant neoplasms were observed from the fifth decade of life (mean onset: 49.7 years) and were observed in approximately 30% of patients during the 3-year survey period. Regarding renal function, the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated from serum creatinine (eGFRcre) and eGFRcys, which were calculated from cystatin C in the first year, were 98.3 and 83.2 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively, and differed depending on the index used. In longitudinal analysis, the average eGFRcre for the first and fourth years was 74.8 and 63.4 mL/min/1.73 m2, showing a rapid decline. Secular changes in Werner syndrome in multiple patients were identified. The prevalence of malignant neoplasms is high, and renal function may decline rapidly. It is, therefore, necessary to carry out active and detailed examinations and pay attention to the type and dose of the drugs used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Maeda
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaya Koshizaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shoji
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiyori Kaneko
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisaya Kato
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junji Kawashima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kayo Yoshinaga
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mai Ishikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akiko Sekiguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Motegi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Atami Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Akira Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- General Geriatric Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takami
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Shoda
- Department of Dermatology, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshimura
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saga-Ken Medical Centre Koseikan, Saga, Japan
| | - Asako Kogure
- Department of Dermatology, Showa General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Showa General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Okubo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Watanabe
- Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Nagai T, Yokouchi H, Miura G, Koshizaka M, Maezawa Y, Oshitari T, Yokote K, Baba T. Optical coherence tomography findings in three patients with Werner syndrome. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:448. [PMCID: PMC9675230 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Werner syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterised by premature aging. It is a typical hereditary progeroid syndrome that can be difficult to diagnose owing to its rarity and the similarity of some of its symptoms, such as juvenile cataracts, to other common ophthalmologic conditions. Early onset of bilateral cataracts is currently used as the ophthalmological feature for Werner syndrome; however, ophthalmologists often find performing a detailed examination of the medical history and genetic testing for Werner syndrome at the time of an ophthalmologic consultation challenging. If a unique ocular finding was observed on ocular examinations in cases of juvenile bilateral cataracts, we could consider Werner syndrome as a differential diagnosis. Case presentation We documented the cases of three patients with Werner syndrome in whom thinning of the retina in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) were observed using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Visual field tests revealed the loss of visual field mainly owing to glaucoma. The thinnig of the choroidal thickness (CT) in three patients was also observed using enhanced depth imaging (EDI)-OCT. Conclusions Three patients have thinning of the RNFL, GCC, and choroidal thickness and the loss of visual field. These findings suggest the need for including Werner syndrome in the differential diagnosis when patients presenting with juvenile cataracts of unknown cause also show abnormal retinal and choroidal thinning in the OCT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nagai
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, 260-8670 Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Yokouchi
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, 260-8670 Chiba, Japan
| | - Gen Miura
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, 260-8670 Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaya Koshizaka
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Oshitari
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, 260-8670 Chiba, Japan ,grid.411731.10000 0004 0531 3030Department of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Baba
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, 260-8670 Chiba, Japan
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3
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Ogata H, Akita S, Ikehara S, Azuma K, Yamaguchi T, Maimaiti M, Maezawa Y, Kubota Y, Yokote K, Mitsukawa N, Ikehara Y. Calcification in Werner syndrome associated with lymphatic vessels aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25717-25728. [PMID: 34958633 PMCID: PMC8751599 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the symptoms of aging, the main symptoms in Werner syndrome (WS), a hereditary premature aging disease, include calcification of subcutaneous tissue with solid pain and refractory skin ulcers. However, the mechanism of calcification in WS remains unclear. In this study, the histological analysis of the skin around the ulcer with calcification revealed an accumulation of calcium phosphate in the lymphatic vessels. Moreover, the morphological comparison with the lymphatic vessels in PAD patients with chronic skin ulcers demonstrated the ongoing lymphatic remodeling in WS patients because of the narrow luminal cross-sectional area (LA) of the lymphatic vessels but the increment of lymphatic microvessels density (MLVD). Additionally, fluorescence immunohistochemical analysis presented the cytoplasmic distribution and the accumulation of WRN proteins in endothelial cells on remodeling lymphatic vessels. In summary, these results point out a relationship between calcification in lymphatic vessels and the remodeling of lymphatic vessels and suggest the significance of the accumulation of WRN mutant proteins as an age-related change in WS patients. Thus, cytoplasmic accumulation of WRN protein can be an indicator of the decreasing drainage function of the lymphatic vessels and the increased risk of skin ulcers and calcification in the lymphatic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Ogata
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Akita
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sanae Ikehara
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Azuma
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Maihulan Maimaiti
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kubota
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mitsukawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ikehara
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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Koshizaka M, Maezawa Y, Maeda Y, Shoji M, Kato H, Kaneko H, Ishikawa T, Kinoshita D, Kobayashi K, Kawashima J, Sekiguchi A, Motegi SI, Nakagami H, Yamada Y, Tsukamoto S, Taniguchi A, Sugimoto K, Shoda Y, Hashimoto K, Yoshimura T, Suzuki D, Kuzuya M, Takemoto M, Yokote K. Time gap between the onset and diagnosis in Werner syndrome: a nationwide survey and the 2020 registry in Japan. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24940-24956. [PMID: 33373317 PMCID: PMC7803551 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Werner syndrome present with diverse signs of aging that begin in adolescence. A Japanese nationwide survey was conducted to establish a registry that could clarify the disease profile of patients with Werner syndrome. The questionnaires were sent to 7888 doctors. The survey identified 116 patients diagnosed with Werner syndrome based on the diagnosis criteria. Forty patients were enrolled in the registry. Data on clinical symptoms, treatment information, and laboratory examination from patients who provided informed consent were collected. The data at enrollment were analyzed. The patients’ average age at enrollment was 50.1±7.5 years. The mean onset age was 26.1±9.5 years, but the mean age at diagnosis was 42.5±8.6 years. Average height and weight of the study patients were lower than those of Japanese individuals. Almost all patients experienced hair change and cataracts. More than 60% of patients presented with glycolipid abnormalities. Overall, 15% of patients had a history of foot amputation. Approximately 30% of the patients’ parents had a consanguineous marriage. The average grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal muscle mass index met the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. The registry revealed that there are opportunities for early diagnosis and intervention; therefore, sensitization about the disease is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Koshizaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukari Maeda
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shoji
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisaya Kato
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiyori Kaneko
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kinoshita
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junji Kawashima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Sekiguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Motegi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Atami Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Akira Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Shoda
- Department of Dermatology, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hashimoto
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Daini Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshimura
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saga-Ken Medical Centre Koseikan, Saga, Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Showa General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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5
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Kuribayashi N, Uchida D, Hamasaki Y, Kawamata H. Oral squamous cell carcinoma arising in a patient with Werner syndrome. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 48:1394-1397. [PMID: 31235391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by physical signs and symptoms, including premature aging and scleroderma-like skin changes. The gene responsible for WS is the WRN gene. A significant proportion of WS-related malignant tumours are non-epithelial types, and the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is rare. A case of oral SCC of the lower alveolus and gingiva arising in a 63-year-old woman with WS is reported here. Biopsy confirmed moderately differentiated SCC. Surgical resection was performed and there was no recurrence or metastasis at the 3-year follow-up. Mutation analysis using next-generation sequencing, detected no mutations in the genes encoding the molecules strongly involved in the development of oral SCC, such as TP53 or PIK3CA. No obvious mutations were detected. Based on the results of the study, the results of mutation analysis suggest that this case might be genetically different from the common mechanisms of SCC in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kuribayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Shimo-Tsuga, Tochigi, Japan; Section of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kamitsuga General Hospital, Kanuma, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - D Uchida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Shimo-Tsuga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Y Hamasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Shimo-Tsuga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - H Kawamata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Shimo-Tsuga, Tochigi, Japan
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6
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Matsumoto N, Ohta Y, Deguchi K, Kishida M, Sato K, Shang J, Takemoto M, Hishikawa N, Yamashita T, Watanabe A, Yokote K, Takemoto M, Oshima J, Abe K. Characteristic Clinical Features of Werner Syndrome with a Novel Compound Heterozygous WRN Mutation c.1720+1G>A Plus c.3139-1G>C. Intern Med 2019; 58:1033-1036. [PMID: 30568144 PMCID: PMC6478977 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1816-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive progeroid disorder caused by mutations in the WRN gene (WRN). Most Japanese WS patients are born from a consanguineous marriage with homozygous WRN mutations. We herein report a rare WS patient born from non-consanguineous parents with compound heterozygous WRN mutations with a novel heterogeneous c.1720+1G>A substitution plus the most frequent heterogeneous c.3139-1G>C substitution among Japanese. Although the present case showed clinical characteristics common to previous Japanese WS patients, he had not developed any malignant tumors as of 43 years of age, suggesting that WS patients with this particular genetic mutation have a different phenotype than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namiko Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Okayama Citizen's Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Kishida
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Okayama Citizen's Hospital, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Jingwei Shang
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Aki Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, USA
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
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7
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Armando RG, Mengual Gomez DL, Maggio J, Sanmartin MC, Gomez DE. Telomeropathies: Etiology, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ethical and legal considerations. Clin Genet 2019; 96:3-16. [PMID: 30820928 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Telomeropathies involve a wide variety of infrequent genetic diseases caused by mutations in the telomerase maintenance mechanism or the DNA damage response (DDR) system. They are considered a family of rare diseases that often share causes, molecular mechanisms and symptoms. Generally, these diseases are not diagnosed until the symptoms are advanced, diminishing the survival time of patients. Although several related syndromes may still be unrecognized this work describes those that are known, highlighting that because they are rare diseases, physicians should be trained in their early diagnosis. The etiology and diagnosis are discussed for each telomeropathy and the treatments when available, along with a new classification of this group of diseases. Ethical and legal issues related to this group of diseases are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina G Armando
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego L Mengual Gomez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián Maggio
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Sanmartin
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel E Gomez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Yamaga M, Takemoto M, Shoji M, Sakamoto K, Yamamoto M, Ishikawa T, Koshizaka M, Maezawa Y, Kobayashi K, Yokote K. Werner syndrome: a model for sarcopenia due to accelerated aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1738-1744. [PMID: 28738022 PMCID: PMC5559172 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare inheritable progeroid syndrome caused by a mutation in the WRN gene. Although WS has been described as a characteristic appearance of very slender extremities with a stocky trunk, few studies have investigated the loss of muscle mass, fat mass distribution (body composition), and mobility according to age and sex. Therefore, the aim of this study was to precisely describe the body composition in WS. Nine Japanese patients with WS (four males and five females; mean age 48±8.8 years) were recruited. Body composition was examined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography (CT). The hand grip strength and mobility were evaluated using the two-step test, stand-up test and 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale (GLFS). The mean skeletal muscle index (SMI) was 4.0±0.6 kg/m2. SMI of all patients met the criteria of sarcopenia, even though some patients were aged < 40 years. All patients also showed deceased mobility. In conclusion, these results indicate that all patients with WS, even those aged < 40 years, had already lost muscle mass to the level of sarcopenia. Continued research on sarcopenia in WS might facilitate the discovery of novel mechanisms and development of new treatment strategies for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yamaga
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shoji
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakamoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, 283-8686, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaya Koshizaka
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Asahi General Hospital, 1326 I, Chiba, 289-2511, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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9
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Tudek B, Zdżalik-Bielecka D, Tudek A, Kosicki K, Fabisiewicz A, Speina E. Lipid peroxidation in face of DNA damage, DNA repair and other cellular processes. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:77-89. [PMID: 27908783 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exocyclic adducts to DNA bases are formed as a consequence of exposure to certain environmental carcinogens as well as inflammation and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Complex family of LPO products gives rise to a variety of DNA adducts, which can be grouped in two classes: (i) small etheno-type adducts of strong mutagenic potential, and (ii) bulky, propano-type adducts, which block replication and transcription, and are lethal lesions. Etheno-DNA adducts are removed from the DNA by base excision repair (BER), AlkB and nucleotide incision repair enzymes (NIR), while substituted propano-type lesions by nucleotide excision repair (NER) and homologous recombination (HR). Changes of the level and activity of several enzymes removing exocyclic adducts from the DNA was reported during carcinogenesis. Also several beyond repair functions of these enzymes, which participate in regulation of cell proliferation and growth, as well as RNA processing was recently described. In addition, adducts of LPO products to proteins was reported during aging and age-related diseases. The paper summarizes pathways for exocyclic adducts removal and describes how proteins involved in repair of these adducts can modify pathological states of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tudek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Daria Zdżalik-Bielecka
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Ksiecia Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tudek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, C. F. Mollers Alle 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Konrad Kosicki
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Fabisiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Speina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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David A, Vincent M, Arrigoni P, Barbarot S, Pistorius M, Isidor B, Frampas E. Radiographic presentation of musculoskeletal involvement in Werner syndrome (adult progeria). Diagn Interv Imaging 2017; 98:373-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Yamaga M, Takemoto M, Takada-Watanabe A, Koizumi N, Kitamoto T, Sakamoto K, Ishikawa T, Koshizaka M, Maezawa Y, Yokote K. Recent Trends in WRN
Gene Mutation Patterns in Individuals with Werner Syndrome. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:1853-1856. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yamaga
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Department of Medicine; Division of Diabetes; Metabolism and Endocrinology; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Department of Medicine; Division of Diabetes; Metabolism and Endocrinology; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Aki Takada-Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Naoko Koizumi
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Takumi Kitamoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Department of Medicine; Division of Diabetes; Metabolism and Endocrinology; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakamoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Department of Medicine; Division of Diabetes; Metabolism and Endocrinology; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Department of Medicine; Division of Diabetes; Metabolism and Endocrinology; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Masaya Koshizaka
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Department of Medicine; Division of Diabetes; Metabolism and Endocrinology; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Department of Medicine; Division of Diabetes; Metabolism and Endocrinology; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Department of Medicine; Division of Diabetes; Metabolism and Endocrinology; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
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12
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The Relationship between Werner Syndrome and Sinonasal Malignant Melanoma: Two Sibling Cases of Werner Syndrome with Malignant Melanoma. Case Rep Otolaryngol 2017; 2017:9361612. [PMID: 28717528 PMCID: PMC5498902 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9361612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by premature aging. Malignant tumors such as thyroid carcinoma and malignant melanoma occur frequently in WS patients. We describe 2 siblings with WS who suffered from sinonasal malignant melanoma (MM). Both patients initially experienced nasal obstruction and recurrent nasal bleeding and died within 2 years of the diagnosis of MM. Otolaryngologists should recognize that WS patients have a high risk for head and neck malignant disease, particularly sinonasal MM, even if they are aged below the expected age range and undergo periodic examinations. Furthermore, it is important that WS patients are aware that a prompt nasal examination is indicated if they experience continuous nasal obstruction or recurrent nasal bleeding.
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13
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Nishioka M, Kamei S, Kinoshita T, Sanada J, Fushimi Y, Irie S, Hirata Y, Tanabe A, Hirukawa H, Kimura T, Obata A, Tatsumi F, Kohara K, Shimoda M, Nakanishi S, Mune T, Kaku K, Kaneto H. Werner Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus Accompanied by Adrenal Cortex Cancer. Intern Med 2017; 56:1987-1992. [PMID: 28768969 PMCID: PMC5577075 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.8231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by progeria, diabetes mellitus, cataracts and various types of malignancy. However, there are few reports showing adrenal cortex cancer in subjects with Werner syndrome. We herein report an extremely rare case of Werner syndrome accompanied by adrenal cortex cancer. Based on the data obtained from blood samples, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and 131I adosterol scintigraphy, we diagnosed this subject with adrenal cortex cancer and Cushing's syndrome. Since the prognosis of adrenal cancer is very poor, we should be aware of the possibility of adrenal cancer occurring in subjects with Werner syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoyo Nishioka
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamei
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kinoshita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Junpei Sanada
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Fushimi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Shintaro Irie
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Yurie Hirata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Akihito Tanabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hirukawa
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Atsushi Obata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tatsumi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Kenji Kohara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Masashi Shimoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakanishi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Mune
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
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14
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Fu W, Ligabue A, Rogers KJ, Akey JM, Monnat RJ. Human RECQ Helicase Pathogenic Variants, Population Variation and "Missing" Diseases. Hum Mutat 2016; 38:193-203. [PMID: 27859906 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heritable loss of function mutations in the human RECQ helicase genes BLM, WRN, and RECQL4 cause Bloom, Werner, and Rothmund-Thomson syndromes, cancer predispositions with additional developmental or progeroid features. In order to better understand RECQ pathogenic and population variation, we systematically analyzed genetic variation in all five human RECQ helicase genes. A total of 3,741 unique base pair-level variants were identified, across 17,605 potential mutation sites. Direct counting of BLM, RECQL4, and WRN pathogenic variants was used to determine aggregate and disease-specific carrier frequencies. The use of biochemical and model organism data, together with computational prediction, identified over 300 potentially pathogenic population variants in RECQL and RECQL5, the two RECQ helicases that are not yet linked to a heritable deficiency syndrome. Despite the presence of these predicted pathogenic variants in the human population, we identified no individuals homozygous for any biochemically verified or predicted pathogenic RECQL or RECQL5 variant. Nor did we find any individual heterozygous for known pathogenic variants in two or more of the disease-associated RECQ helicase genes BLM, RECQL4, or WRN. Several postulated RECQ helicase deficiency syndromes-RECQL or RECQL5 loss of function, or compound haploinsufficiency for the disease-associated RECQ helicases-may remain missing, as they likely incompatible with life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Fu
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alessio Ligabue
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kai J Rogers
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joshua M Akey
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Raymond J Monnat
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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15
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Mitamura Y, Azuma S, Matsumoto D, Takada-Watanabe A, Takemoto M, Yokote K, Motoshita J, Oda Y, Furue M, Takeuchi S. Case of sarcomatoid carcinoma occurring in a patient with Werner syndrome. J Dermatol 2016; 43:1362-1364. [PMID: 27074772 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Mitamura
- Department of Dermatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuchi Azuma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsumoto
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aki Takada-Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junichi Motoshita
- Department of Pathology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. .,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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16
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Yokote K, Chanprasert S, Lee L, Eirich K, Takemoto M, Watanabe A, Koizumi N, Lessel D, Mori T, Hisama FM, Ladd PD, Angle B, Baris H, Cefle K, Palanduz S, Ozturk S, Chateau A, Deguchi K, Easwar TKM, Federico A, Fox A, Grebe TA, Hay B, Nampoothiri S, Seiter K, Streeten E, Piña-Aguilar RE, Poke G, Poot M, Posmyk R, Martin GM, Kubisch C, Schindler D, Oshima J. WRN Mutation Update: Mutation Spectrum, Patient Registries, and Translational Prospects. Hum Mutat 2016; 38:7-15. [PMID: 27667302 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a constellation of adult onset phenotypes consistent with an acceleration of intrinsic biological aging. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the WRN gene, which encodes a multifunctional nuclear protein with exonuclease and helicase activities. WRN protein is thought to be involved in optimization of various aspects of DNA metabolism, including DNA repair, recombination, replication, and transcription. In this update, we summarize a total of 83 different WRN mutations, including eight previously unpublished mutations identified by the International Registry of Werner Syndrome (Seattle, WA) and the Japanese Werner Consortium (Chiba, Japan), as well as 75 mutations already reported in the literature. The Seattle International Registry recruits patients from all over the world to investigate genetic causes of a wide variety of progeroid syndromes in order to contribute to the knowledge of basic mechanisms of human aging. Given the unusually high prevalence of WS patients and heterozygous carriers in Japan, the major goal of the Japanese Consortium is to develop effective therapies and to establish management guidelines for WS patients in Japan and elsewhere. This review will also discuss potential translational approaches to this disorder, including those currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sirisak Chanprasert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lin Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Katharina Eirich
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aki Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoko Koizumi
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Takayasu Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paula D Ladd
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brad Angle
- Advocate Lutheran General Hospital and Advocate Children's Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois
| | - Hagit Baris
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kivanc Cefle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Sukru Palanduz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Sukru Ozturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Antoinette Chateau
- Department of Dermatology, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Kentaro Deguchi
- Department of Neurology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Antonio Federico
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit Clinical Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Amy Fox
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Theresa A Grebe
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Beverly Hay
- Division of Genetics, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Karen Seiter
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Hawthorne, New York
| | - Elizabeth Streeten
- Division of Genetics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Gemma Poke
- Genetic Health Service NZ, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Martin Poot
- University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Renata Posmyk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Podlaskie Medical Center, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Perinatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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17
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Mori S, Zhou H. Implementation of personalized medicine for fracture risk assessment in osteoporosis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16 Suppl 1:57-65. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seijiro Mori
- Center for the Promotion of Clinical Investigation; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Heying Zhou
- Center for the Promotion of Clinical Investigation; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital; Tokyo Japan
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18
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Zhou H, Mori S, Tanaka M, Sawabe M, Arai T, Muramatsu M, Mieno MN, Shinkai S, Yamada Y, Miyachi M, Murakami H, Sanada K, Ito H. A missense single nucleotide polymorphism, V114I of the Werner syndrome gene, is associated with risk of osteoporosis and femoral fracture in the Japanese population. J Bone Miner Metab 2015; 33:694-700. [PMID: 25637295 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the human WRN gene and characterized by the early onset of normal aging symptoms. Given that patients with this disease exhibit osteoporosis, the present study aimed to determine whether the WRN gene contributes to the etiology of osteoporosis. A genetic association study of eight non-synonymous polymorphisms in the WRN gene and the incidence of femoral fracture was undertaken in 1,632 consecutive Japanese autopsies in which 140 patients had experienced the fracture during their lifetime. The results were validated in 251 unrelated postmenopausal Japanese women with osteoporosis and 269 non-institutionalized, community-dwelling Japanese adults. A statistically significant association was observed between rs2230009 (c.340G > A)--which results in a Val to Ile substitution--and fracture risk; the incidence of femoral fracture increased dose-dependently with the number of A alleles (p = 0.0120). Femoral neck bone and whole bone densities were lower among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and community-dwelling adults, respectively, if they were of the AG instead of the GG genotype. The results suggest that Japanese subjects bearing at least one A allele of rs2230009 of the WRN gene are at a significantly higher risk of femoral fracture, possibly due to decreased bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heying Zhou
- Center for Promotion of Clinical Investigation, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Seijiro Mori
- Center for Promotion of Clinical Investigation, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoji Sawabe
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Naka Mieno
- Department of Medical Informatics, Center for Information, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shoji Shinkai
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Yamada
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sanada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kita, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideki Ito
- President, Local Independent Administrative Agency, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Shimamoto A, Yokote K, Tahara H. Werner Syndrome-specific induced pluripotent stem cells: recovery of telomere function by reprogramming. Front Genet 2015; 6:10. [PMID: 25688260 PMCID: PMC4310323 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare human autosomal recessive premature aging disorder characterized by early onset of aging-associated diseases, chromosomal instability, and cancer predisposition. The function of the DNA helicase encoded by WRN, the gene responsible for WS, has been studied extensively. WRN helicase is involved in the maintenance of chromosome integrity through DNA replication, repair, and recombination by interacting with a variety of proteins associated with DNA repair and telomere maintenance. The accelerated aging associated with WS is reportedly caused by telomere dysfunction, and the underlying mechanism of the disease is yet to be elucidated. Although it was reported that the life expectancy for patients with WS has improved over the last two decades, definitive therapy for these patients has not seen much development. Severe symptoms of the disease, such as leg ulcers, cause a significant decline in the quality of life in patients with WS. Therefore, the establishment of new therapeutic strategies for the disease is of utmost importance. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be established by the introduction of several pluripotency genes, including Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-myc into differentiated cells. iPSCs have the potential to differentiate into a variety of cell types that constitute the human body, and possess infinite proliferative capacity. Recent studies have reported the generation of iPSCs from the cells of patients with WS, and they have concluded that reprogramming represses premature senescence phenotypes in these cells. In this review, we summarize the findings of WS patient-specific iPSCs (WS iPSCs) and focus on the roles of telomere and telomerase in the maintenance of these cells. Finally, we discuss the potential use of WS iPSCs for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shimamoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima, Japan
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20
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Shimamoto A, Kagawa H, Zensho K, Sera Y, Kazuki Y, Osaki M, Oshimura M, Ishigaki Y, Hamasaki K, Kodama Y, Yuasa S, Fukuda K, Hirashima K, Seimiya H, Koyama H, Shimizu T, Takemoto M, Yokote K, Goto M, Tahara H. Reprogramming suppresses premature senescence phenotypes of Werner syndrome cells and maintains chromosomal stability over long-term culture. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112900. [PMID: 25390333 PMCID: PMC4229309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder characterized by chromosomal instability and cancer predisposition. Mutations in WRN are responsible for the disease and cause telomere dysfunction, resulting in accelerated aging. Recent studies have revealed that cells from WS patients can be successfully reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In the present study, we describe the effects of long-term culture on WS iPSCs, which acquired and maintained infinite proliferative potential for self-renewal over 2 years. After long-term cultures, WS iPSCs exhibited stable undifferentiated states and differentiation capacity, and premature upregulation of senescence-associated genes in WS cells was completely suppressed in WS iPSCs despite WRN deficiency. WS iPSCs also showed recapitulation of the phenotypes during differentiation. Furthermore, karyotype analysis indicated that WS iPSCs were stable, and half of the descendant clones had chromosomal profiles that were similar to those of parental cells. These unexpected properties might be achieved by induced expression of endogenous telomerase gene during reprogramming, which trigger telomerase reactivation leading to suppression of both replicative senescence and telomere dysfunction in WS cells. These findings demonstrated that reprogramming suppressed premature senescence phenotypes in WS cells and WS iPSCs could lead to chromosomal stability over the long term. WS iPSCs will provide opportunities to identify affected lineages in WS and to develop a new strategy for the treatment of WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shimamoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Harunobu Kagawa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Zensho
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sera
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan; Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Ishigaki
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kanya Hamasaki
- Department of Genetics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kodama
- Department of Genetics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yuasa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyotaro Hirashima
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, The Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation For Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, The Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation For Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Koyama
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makoto Goto
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery & Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Czerwińska J, Poznański J, Dębski J, Bukowy Z, Bohr VA, Tudek B, Speina E. Catalytic activities of Werner protein are affected by adduction with 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:11119-35. [PMID: 25170083 PMCID: PMC4176168 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehyde generated during oxidative stress and subsequent peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Here, Werner protein (WRN) was identified as a novel target for modification by HNE. Werner syndrome arises through mutations in the WRN gene that encodes the RecQ DNA helicase which is critical for maintaining genomic stability. This hereditary disease is associated with chromosomal instability, premature aging and cancer predisposition. WRN appears to participate in the cellular response to oxidative stress and cells devoid of WRN display elevated levels of oxidative DNA damage. We demonstrated that helicase/ATPase and exonuclease activities of HNE-modified WRN protein were inhibited both in vitro and in immunocomplexes purified from the cell extracts. Sites of HNE adduction in human WRN were identified at Lys577, Cys727, His1290, Cys1367, Lys1371 and Lys1389. We applied in silico modeling of the helicase and RQC domains of WRN protein with HNE adducted to Lys577 and Cys727 and provided a potential mechanism of the observed deregulation of the protein catalytic activities. In light of the obtained results, we postulate that HNE adduction to WRN is a post-translational modification, which may affect WRN conformational stability and function, contributing to features and diseases associated with premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Czerwińska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Poznański
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Dębski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Bukowy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Barbara Tudek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Speina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Saha B, Lessel D, Nampoothiri S, Rao AS, Hisama FM, Peter D, Bennett C, Nürnberg G, Nürnberg P, Martin GM, Kubisch C, Oshima J. Ethnic-Specific WRN Mutations in South Asian Werner Syndrome Patients: Potential Founder Effect in Patients with Indian or Pakistani Ancestry. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2013; 1:7-14. [PMID: 23936869 PMCID: PMC3736606 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple features consistent with accelerated aging. It is caused by mutations in the WRN gene, which encodes a RecQ type helicase. To date, more than 70 disease-causing mutations have been reported. While founder mutations and a corresponding relatively high incidence of WS have been reported in Japan and Sardinia, such mutations have not been previously described among patients of South Asian descent. Here we report two novel WRN mutations in three pedigrees. A homozygous c.561A>G mutation in exon 6 was identified both in a pedigree from Kerala, India and in a British patient of Pakistani ancestry. Although c.561A>G does not alter the corresponding amino acid (p.K187K), it creates a cryptic splice site resulting in a 98bp deletion at the mRNA level (r.557-654del98) followed by a frameshift (p.K187fs). These two cases shared the same haplotype across the WRN gene, and were distinct from another Indian Werner patient with a homozygous stop codon mutation, c.2855 C>A (p.S952*) in exon 24. As the Indian population increases and the awareness of Werner syndrome grows, we anticipate that more cases will be identified with these founder mutations among South Asian Werner syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Saha
- Department of Pathology and Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Takemoto M, Mori S, Kuzuya M, Yoshimoto S, Shimamoto A, Igarashi M, Tanaka Y, Miki T, Yokote K. Diagnostic criteria for Werner syndrome based on Japanese nationwide epidemiological survey. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 13:475-81. [PMID: 22817610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disorder of progeroid symptoms and signs. It is caused by mutations in the WRN gene, which encodes a RecQ DNA helicase. The aim of this study was to revise the diagnostic criteria for Japanese Werner syndrome. METHODS A nationwide epidemiological study was carried out from 2009 to 2011, involving 6921 surveys sent to hospitals with more than 200 beds to assess existing WS diagnostic criteria, as well as additional signs of high incidence on the basis of clinical experience with WS. RESULTS The existing diagnostic criteria were reviewed, and signs with >90% incidence were listed as cardinal signs. Several criteria were added, including genetic testing and calcification of the Achilles tendon, whereas criteria that are practically difficult to obtain, such as measurement of urinary hyaluronic acid, were omitted. CONCLUSION The 26-year-old diagnostic criteria for WS were revised on the basis of the results of a nationwide epidemiological study. The proposed revised criteria will facilitate simpler, faster and more robust diagnosis of WS in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Kawai T, Nozato Y, Kamide K, Onishi M, Yamamoto-Hanasaki H, Tatara Y, Takemura Y, Yamamoto K, Takeya Y, Sugimoto K, Kusakabe N, Yasuda O, Ohishi M, Rakugi H. Case report of a long-surviving Werner syndrome patient with severe aortic valve stenosis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 12:174-5. [PMID: 22188506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2011.00748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Takada-Watanabe A, Yokote K, Takemoto M, Fujimoto M, Irisuna H, Honjo S, Futami K, Furuichi Y, Saito Y. A case of Werner syndrome without metabolic abnormality: Implications for the early pathophysiology. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 12:140-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2011.00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Noda S, Asano Y, Masuda S, Miyagawa T, Sugita M, Yamamoto M, Kogure A, Tamaki Z, Mitsui H, Hoashi T, Sugaya M, Sato S. Bosentan: a novel therapy for leg ulcers in Werner syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 65:e54-e55. [PMID: 21763553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Noda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sho Masuda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Sugita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuho Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Kogure
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zenshiro Tamaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitsui
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hoashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugaya
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tamori Y, Takahashi T, Nakajima S, Nishimoto Y, Ohno K, Takemoto M, Yokote K, Kita T, Tsutsumi M. A Case of Werner Syndrome with Compound Heterozygous Mutations of WRN Gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 100:1642-4. [DOI: 10.2169/naika.100.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kyota Ohno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chibune Hospital
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuya Kita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chibune Hospital
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Ohnishi S, Fujimoto M, Oide T, Nakatani Y, Tsurutani Y, Koshizaka M, Mezawa M, Ishikawa T, Takemoto M, Yokote K. Primary lung cancer associated with Werner syndrome. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2010; 10:319-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2010.00638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chun SG, Yee NS. Werner syndrome as a hereditary risk factor for exocrine pancreatic cancer: potential role of WRN in pancreatic tumorigenesis and patient-tailored therapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 10:430-7. [PMID: 20657174 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.10.5.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced age is considered a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, but this relationship at the molecular and genetic level remains unclear. We present a clinical case series focusing on an association between pancreatic adenocarcinoma and Werner syndrome (WS) that is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by accelerated aging and cancer predisposition, and is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the WS RecQ helicase gene (WRN). Although pancreatic adenocarcinoma mostly occurs in a sporadic fashion, a minority of cases occurs in the context of susceptible individuals with hereditary syndromes. While WS has not been previously recognized as a risk factor for developing malignant tumors of the exocrine pancreas, the clinicopathologic features of three reported patients suggest a contributory role of WRN deficiency in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Molecular genetic analyses support the role of WRN as a tumor suppressor gene, although recent evidence reveals that WRN can alternatively promote oncogenicity depending on the molecular context. Based upon the clinico-pathologic features of these patients and the role of WRN in experimental models, we propose that its loss-of-function predisposes the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma through epigenetic silencing or loss-of-heterozygosity of WRN. To test this hypothesis, we are investigating the mechanistic role of WRN in pancreatic cancer models including a pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line generated from a human with WS. These studies are expected to provide new insight into the relationship between aging and pancreatic tumorigenesis, and facilitate development of novel strategies for patient-tailored interventions in this deadly malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Chun
- Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Friedrich K, Lee L, Leistritz DF, Nürnberg G, Saha B, Hisama FM, Eyman DK, Lessel D, Nürnberg P, Li C, Garcia-F-Villalta MJ, Kets CM, Schmidtke J, Cruz VT, Van den Akker PC, Boak J, Peter D, Compoginis G, Cefle K, Ozturk S, López N, Wessel T, Poot M, Ippel PF, Groff-Kellermann B, Hoehn H, Martin GM, Kubisch C, Oshima J. WRN mutations in Werner syndrome patients: genomic rearrangements, unusual intronic mutations and ethnic-specific alterations. Hum Genet 2010; 128:103-11. [PMID: 20443122 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive segmental progeroid syndrome caused by null mutations at the WRN locus, which codes for a member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases. Since 1988, the International Registry of Werner syndrome had enrolled 130 molecularly confirmed WS cases from among 110 worldwide pedigrees. We now report 18 new mutations, including two genomic rearrangements, a deep intronic mutation resulting in a novel exon, a splice consensus mutation leading to utilization of the nearby splice site, and two rare missense mutations. We also review evidence for founder mutations among various ethnic/geographic groups. Founder WRN mutations had been previously reported in Japan and Northern Sardinia. Our Registry now suggests characteristic mutations originated in Morocco, Turkey, The Netherlands and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Friedrich
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Institute of Human Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Hsu JJ, Kamath-Loeb AS, Glick E, Wallden B, Swisshelm K, Rubin BP, Loeb LA. Werner syndrome gene variants in human sarcomas. Mol Carcinog 2010; 49:166-74. [PMID: 19824023 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome is an autosomal inherited disease that is characterized by premature aging. The gene mutated in Werner syndrome (WS), WRN, encodes both a 3' --> 5' DNA helicase and a 3' --> 5' DNA exonuclease. Among the WS phenotypes is an exceptionally high incidence of sarcomas. We asked whether spontaneous sarcomas, not known to be associated with WS, also harbor mutations or unreported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in WRN. We analyzed RNA or DNA sequences within the helicase and exonuclease domains from 51 and 69 matched sarcoma and adjacent normal tissues, respectively. Among a total of 13 nucleotide variants detected, we identified three novel nonsynonymous substitutions: c.611C>T, c.809_810insT, and c.1882C>G. We further characterized one, c.611C>T, which results in substitution of an evolutionarily conserved proline at amino acid 204 in the exonuclease domain with leucine. We show that P204L WRN exhibits a reduction of WRN exonuclease activity; the specific activity is approximately 10-fold lower than that of wild-type WRN. In contrast, the helicase activity of P204L WRN is reduced less than twofold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Hsu
- Department of Pathology, The Gottstein Memorial Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Castro E, Oviedo-Rodríguez V, Angel-Chávez LI. WRN polymorphisms affect expression levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in cultured fibroblasts. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2008; 8:5. [PMID: 18312663 PMCID: PMC2292137 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-8-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recessive mutations in WRN gene eliminate WRN protein function (helicase) and cause Werner syndrome. One of the most important clinical features of Werner syndrome patients are the premature onset and accelerated atherosclerosis process. Studies carried out on polymorphic WRN locus have shown that the alleles 1367R and 1074L confer protection for cardiovascular disease. Given that the levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) were found to be significantly increased in Werner syndrome patients, is quiet possible that PAI-1 expression could be under regulation of WRN helicase. Therefore the purpose of this work was to evaluate the role of WRN polymorphism in modulating the expression of PAI-1. METHODS In order to accomplish our aim, an array of primary cultured fibroblasts from normal adult donors was genotyped for polymorphisms of both the WRN and PAI-1 loci. In addition, steady state levels of WRN and PAI-1 were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR assays in such cultures. To search for the potential relationship between the lack of WRN protein and PAI-1 expression, heterozygous cultures of fibroblasts (1367RC/1074LF; WRN genotype) were treated with a molecule of interference RNA against WRN messenger RNA (mRNA). RESULTS We found that, carriers of 1367R and 1074L alleles of WRN shown to have low amounts of PAI-1 in plasma (7.56 +/- 5.02), as compared with carriers of 1367C and 1074F alleles (16.09 +/- 6.03). Moreover, fibroblasts from carriers with these alleles had low expression levels of PAI-1 mRNA. The treatment of heterozygous primary fibroblast cultures (1367RC/1074LF; WRN genotype) with iRNA against WRN mRNA caused PAI-1 overexpression. Treatment with normal PAI-1 inducers (TGFbeta, TNFalpha, or insulin) in these cultures and from those with genotypes 1367CC/1074FF and 1367RR/1074FL resulted in a genotype-dependent PAI-1 expression level. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that polymorphisms in the WRN gene might have a significant role regulating PAI-1 levels in healthy individuals and "normal states" as well as acute or chronic stress, obesity, aging, acute inflammation, among others, where characteristic high levels of insulin, TNF alpha and TGFbeta, could favor PAI-1 high levels in carriers with polymorphic variants (C and F alleles), beyond the levels reached by carriers with other alleles (R and L alleles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Castro
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México.
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Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in Wrn null mice fed a diabetogenic diet. Mech Ageing Dev 2008; 129:201-6. [PMID: 18295300 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2007.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive progeroid syndrome caused by mutations in the Werner (Wrn) gene. WS patients have increased incidence of a number of chronic conditions including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Since ingestion of foods that are high in fat and sugar is associated with increased incidence of diabetes, we examined if Wrn mutations might affect metabolic response to a diabetogenic diet. Four-month-old mice with a null mutation for the Wrn gene were fed a diet consisting of 36% fat (lard), 33% table sugar, and 20% protein plus balanced vitamins and minerals. Wrn null mice had significantly increased body weights, increased serum insulin levels, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance during 4 months of eating the diabetogenic diet. Diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver and pancreatic islet hyperplasia was characteristic morphological features. These observations suggest that Wrn null mice have impaired glucose homeostasis and fat metabolism, and may be a useful model to investigate metabolic conditions associated with aging.
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Shimaoka Y, Hatamochi A, Hamasaki Y, Yamazaki S, Hiraishi H, Hattori Y, Kasai K, Shimoda M, Kubota K, Imai Y. Case of Werner's syndrome with pancreatic carcinoma. J Dermatol 2007; 34:674-6. [PMID: 17727376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2007.00357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Werner's syndrome (WS) is a rare hereditary disorder which is characterized by clinical signs of premature aging. A 31-year-old man presented with a 12-year history of hoarseness. Also noted were diabetes mellitus, cataracts, scleroderma-like skin atrophy, osteoporosis, and hypogonadism. A clinical diagnosis of WS was made. Laryngoscopy revealed bowed vocal folds resulting in a spindle-shaped closure with glottal incompetence during phonation. We used Gortex for medialization of the middle part of vocal fold to correct the glottal gap in this patient. Despite correction of glottal incompetence in patients with WS, quality of voice could not be improved to that of age-matched normal individuals.
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Hashimoto N, Hatanaka S, Yokote K, Kurosawa H, Yoshida T, Iwai R, Takahashi H, Yoshida K, Horie A, Sakurai K, Yagui K, Saito Y, Yoshida S. A patient with Werner syndrome and adiponectin gene mutation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 75:27-9. [PMID: 16806559 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Revised: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome is a premature aging disease characterized by genomic instability and increased cancer risk. Here, we report a 45-year-old diabetic man as the first Werner syndrome patient found to have an adiponectin gene mutation. Showing graying and loss of hair, skin atrophy, and juvenile cataract, he was diagnosed with Werner syndrome type 4 by molecular analysis. His serum adiponectin concentration was low. In the globular domain of the adiponectin gene, I164T in exon 3 was detected. When we examined effects of pioglitazone (15 mg/day) on serum adiponectin multimer and monomer concentrations using selective assays, the patient's relative percentage increased in adiponectin concentration was almost same as that in the 18 diabetic patients without an adiponectin mutation, but the absolute adiponectin concentration was half of those seen in diabetic patients treated with the same pioglitazone dose who had no adiponectin mutation. The response suggested that pioglitazone treatment might help to prevent future Werner syndrome-related acceleration of atherosclerosis. Present and further clinical relevant to atherosclerosis in this patient should be imformative concerning the pathogenesis and treatment of atherosclerosis in the presence of hypoadiponectinemia and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotake Hashimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asahi General Hospital, I-1326, Asahi, Chiba 289-2511, Japan.
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Kitano K, Yoshihara N, Hakoshima T. Crystal structure of the HRDC domain of human Werner syndrome protein, WRN. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:2717-28. [PMID: 17148451 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610142200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome is a human premature aging disorder characterized by chromosomal instability. The disease is caused by the functional loss of WRN, a member of the RecQ-helicase family that plays an important role in DNA metabolic pathways. WRN contains four structurally folded domains comprising an exonuclease, a helicase, a winged-helix, and a helicase-and-ribonuclease D/C-terminal (HRDC) domain. In contrast to the accumulated knowledge pertaining to the biochemical functions of the three N-terminal domains, the function of C-terminal HRDC remains unknown. In this study, the crystal structure of the human WRN HRDC domain has been determined. The domain forms a bundle of alpha-helices similar to those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sgs1 and Escherichia coli RecQ. Surprisingly, the extra ten residues at each of the N and C termini of the domain were found to participate in the domain architecture by forming an extended portion of the first helix alpha1, and a novel looping motif that traverses straight along the domain surface, respectively. The motifs combine to increase the domain surface of WRN HRDC, which is larger than that of Sgs1 and E. coli. In WRN HRDC, neither of the proposed DNA-binding surfaces in Sgs1 or E. coli is conserved, and the domain was shown to lack DNA-binding ability in vitro. Moreover, the domain was shown to be thermostable and resistant to protease digestion, implying independent domain evolution in WRN. Coupled with the unique long linker region in WRN, the WRN HRDC may be adapted to play a distinct function in WRN that involves protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kitano
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Huang S, Lee L, Hanson NB, Lenaerts C, Hoehn H, Poot M, Rubin CD, Chen DF, Yang CC, Juch H, Dorn T, Spiegel R, Oral EA, Abid M, Battisti C, Lucci-Cordisco E, Neri G, Steed EH, Kidd A, Isley W, Showalter D, Vittone JL, Konstantinow A, Ring J, Meyer P, Wenger SL, von Herbay A, Wollina U, Schuelke M, Huizenga CR, Leistritz DF, Martin GM, Mian IS, Oshima J. The spectrum of WRN mutations in Werner syndrome patients. Hum Mutat 2006; 27:558-67. [PMID: 16673358 PMCID: PMC1868417 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The International Registry of Werner syndrome (www.wernersyndrome.org) has been providing molecular diagnosis of the Werner syndrome (WS) for the past decade. The present communication summarizes, from among 99 WS subjects, the spectrum of 50 distinct mutations discovered by our group and by others since the WRN gene (also called RECQL2 or REQ3) was first cloned in 1996; 25 of these have not previously been published. All WRN mutations reported thus far have resulted in the elimination of the nuclear localization signal at the C-terminus of the protein, precluding functional interactions in the nucleus; thus, all could be classified as null mutations. We now report two new mutations in the N-terminus that result in instability of the WRN protein. Clinical data confirm that the most penetrant phenotype is bilateral ocular cataracts. Other cardinal signs were seen in more than 95% of the cases. The median age of death, previously reported to be in the range of 46-48 years, is 54 years. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) have been cryopreserved from the majority of our index cases, including material from nuclear pedigrees. These, as well as inducible and complemented hTERT (catalytic subunit of human telomerase) immortalized skin fibroblast cell lines are available to qualified investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7470, USA
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Hammer MF, Karafet TM, Park H, Omoto K, Harihara S, Stoneking M, Horai S. Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes. J Hum Genet 2005; 51:47-58. [PMID: 16328082 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Historic Japanese culture evolved from at least two distinct migrations that originated on the Asian continent. Hunter-gatherers arrived before land bridges were submerged after the last glacial maximum (>12,000 years ago) and gave rise to the Jomon culture, and the Yayoi migration brought wet rice agriculture from Korea beginning approximately 2,300 years ago. A set of 81 Y chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was used to trace the origins of Paleolithic and Neolithic components of the Japanese paternal gene pool, and to determine the relative contribution of Jomon and Yayoi Y chromosome lineages to modern Japanese. Our global sample consisted of >2,500 males from 39 Asian populations, including six populations sampled from across the Japanese archipelago. Japanese populations were characterized by the presence of two major (D and O) and two minor (C and N) clades of Y chromosomes, each with several sub-lineages. Haplogroup D chromosomes were present at 34.7% and were distributed in a U-shaped pattern with the highest frequency in the northern Ainu and southern Ryukyuans. In contrast, haplogroup O lineages (51.8%) were distributed in an inverted U-shaped pattern with a maximum frequency on Kyushu. Coalescent analyses of Y chromosome short tandem repeat diversity indicated that haplogroups D and C began their expansions in Japan approximately 20,000 and approximately 12,000 years ago, respectively, while haplogroup O-47z began its expansion only approximately 4,000 years ago. We infer that these patterns result from separate and distinct genetic contributions from both the Jomon and the Yayoi cultures to modern Japanese, with varying levels of admixture between these two populations across the archipelago. The results also support the hypothesis of a Central Asian origin of Jomonese ancestors, and a Southeast Asian origin of the ancestors of the Yayoi, contra previous models based on morphological and genetic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Hammer
- Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Anthropology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Tatiana M Karafet
- Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Hwayong Park
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejon, South Korea
| | - Keiichi Omoto
- International Research Centre for Japanese Studies, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Harihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mark Stoneking
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Satoshi Horai
- The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Japan
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Hirai M, Suzuki S, Hinokio Y, Yamada T, Yoshizumi S, Suzuki C, Satoh J, Oka Y. WRN gene 1367 Arg allele protects against development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005; 69:287-92. [PMID: 16098926 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2005.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Revised: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Werner's syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation of the WRN gene, which may lead to DNA repair failure and acceleration of aging. A polymorphism at amino acid 1367 Cys (TTG)/Arg (CTG) reportedly reduces the risk of myocardial infarction in Japanese. We studied the possible involvement of this polymorphism in type 2 diabetes. When polymorphism of the WRN gene was analyzed in 272 randomly recruited type 2 diabetic subjects (age 64.5+/-11.1), we found those with Cys/Arg to be older than those with Cys/Cys (p=0.021) and that the age at diagnosis of diabetes was greater in Cys/Arg than in Cys/Cys subjects (p=0.011). Diabetes-free survival rate over the age, analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method, differed significantly between these two genotype groups (p=0.0125) and the survival curve was shifted to the right in the Cys/Arg group as compared to the Cys/Cys group. No difference in allele frequency was observed between our diabetic (n=272) and non-diabetic subjects (n=171, age 66.0+/-8.0). These results suggest that the 1367 Arg allele of the WRN gene protects against the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hirai
- Division of Molecular Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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41
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Královičová J, Christensen MB, Vořechovský I. Biased exon/intron distribution of cryptic and de novo 3' splice sites. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:4882-98. [PMID: 16141195 PMCID: PMC1197134 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We compiled sequences of previously published aberrant 3′ splice sites (3′ss) that were generated by mutations in human disease genes. Cryptic 3′ss, defined here as those resulting from a mutation of the 3′YAG consensus, were more frequent in exons than in introns. They clustered in ∼20 nt region adjacent to authentic 3′ss, suggesting that their under-representation in introns is due to a depletion of AG dinucleotides in the polypyrimidine tract (PPT). In contrast, most aberrant 3′ss that were induced by mutations outside the 3′YAG consensus (designated ‘de novo’) were in introns. The activation of intronic de novo 3′ss was largely due to AG-creating mutations in the PPT. In contrast, exonic de novo 3′ss were more often induced by mutations improving the PPT, branchpoint sequence (BPS) or distant auxiliary signals, rather than by direct AG creation. The Shapiro–Senapathy matrix scores had a good prognostic value for cryptic, but not de novo 3′ss. Finally, AG-creating mutations in the PPT that produced aberrant 3′ss upstream of the predicted BPS in vivo shared a similar ‘BPS-new AG’ distance. Reduction of this distance and/or the strength of the new AG PPT in splicing reporter pre-mRNAs improved utilization of authentic 3′ss, suggesting that AG-creating mutations that are located closer to the BPS and are preceded by weaker PPT may result in less severe splicing defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Igor Vořechovský
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 2380 796425; Fax: +44 2380 794264;
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Nakamura Y, Shimizu T, Ohigashi Y, Itou N, Ishikawa Y. Meningioma arising in Werner syndrome confirmed by mutation analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2005; 12:503-6. [PMID: 15925797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2003.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2003] [Accepted: 12/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Meningioma arising in Werner syndrome has been described previously, but never in association with a mutation analysis. We present the first reported case of meningioma in a patient with Werner syndrome and a confirmed major mutation. In addition, we review 27 previously reported patients with meningioma associated with Werner syndrome. CLINICAL PRESENTATION We report a 56-year-old Japanese woman with Werner syndrome and a meningioma. She presented with pain and redness of the right eye and a headache. Cranial CT revealed a tumor the in right frontal and temporal lobes. Pathological examination after surgical removal confirmed meningioma. She displayed typical features of Werner syndrome including juvenile cataract, short stature and low weight, a bird-like face, a hoarse voice, and dry, atrophic, pigmented skin. INVESTIGATION To confirm the clinical diagnosis, a mutation analysis based on the mutant allele-specific amplification (MASA) method was performed. CONCLUSION Mutation analysis of peripheral blood leukocyte DNA showed amplification of the mutation 4/4. There were 22 patients with Werner syndrome and meningioma reported from Japan and 5 from outside Japan. There was only one malignant meningioma. Meningiomas in Werner syndrome have a higher frequency in males and occur at a younger age than those of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
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43
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Hattori S, Kasai M, Namatame T, Hattori Y, Kasai K. Pioglitazone treatment of insulin resistance in a patient with Werner's syndrome. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:3021-2. [PMID: 15562234 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.12.3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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44
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Sugimoto M, Tahara H, Okubo M, Kobayashi T, Goto M, Ide T, Furuichi Y. WRN gene and other genetic factors affecting immortalization of human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines transformed by Epstein-Barr virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 152:95-100. [PMID: 15262425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2003.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2003] [Revised: 11/12/2003] [Accepted: 11/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The immortalization of human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) transformed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is accompanied by two major events: increase in telomerase activity and change in karyotype from normal diploid to aneuploidy. We investigated the effect of genetic factors on the incidence of immortalization by putting old and new data together to collect enough samples for statistical analysis. Among 50 LCL from normal individuals, 5 LCL (10.0%) were immortalized and the remaining 45 LCL were mortal. None of the 44 LCL (0%; P < 0.031 against normal individuals by chi square test) from patients having Werner syndrome (WS), a recessive genetic disorder showing premature aging, were immortalized. Among 11 LCL from a family with a tendency to have hereditary type 2 diabetes mellitus, 5 LCL (45.5%; P < 0.0040 against normal individuals, P < 0.00001 against WS patients) were immortalized. Duplicated measurements of the lifespan of 33 LCL showed a good coincidence (r=0.785) between the first and second estimations, indicating that each mortal LCL has a predetermined lifespan. These results strongly suggest that the normal WRN gene, the causative gene of WS, is essential for LCL to immortalize, and genetic factor(s) of a family having diabetes mellitus increases immortalization, implicating that host genetic factors affect immortalization of EBV and probably carcinogenesis by EBV.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aging, Premature/pathology
- Aging, Premature/virology
- B-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- DNA Helicases/genetics
- DNA Helicases/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/virology
- Exodeoxyribonucleases
- Female
- Genetic Markers/physiology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pedigree
- RecQ Helicases
- Telomerase/metabolism
- Telomere/genetics
- Werner Syndrome/pathology
- Werner Syndrome/virology
- Werner Syndrome Helicase
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Sugimoto
- GeneCare Research Institute, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-0063, Japan.
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45
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Pichierri P, Franchitto A. Werner syndrome protein, the MRE11 complex and ATR: menage-à-trois in guarding genome stability during DNA replication? Bioessays 2004; 26:306-13. [PMID: 14988932 DOI: 10.1002/bies.10411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The correct execution of the DNA replication process is crucially import for the maintenance of genome integrity of the cell. Several types of sources, both endogenous and exogenous, can give rise to DNA damage leading to the DNA replication fork arrest. The processes by which replication blockage is sensed by checkpoint sensors and how the pathway leading to resolution of stalled forks is activated are still not completely understood. However, recent emerging evidence suggests that one candidate for a sensor of replication stress is ATR and that, together with a member of RecQ family helicases, Werner syndrome protein (WRN) and MRE11 complex, can collaborate to promote the restarting of DNA synthesis through the resolution of stalled replication forks. Here, we discuss how WRN, the MRE11 complex and the ATR kinase could work together in response to replication blockage to avoid DNA replication fork collapse and genome instability.
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46
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Bachrati CZ, Hickson ID. RecQ helicases: suppressors of tumorigenesis and premature aging. Biochem J 2003; 374:577-606. [PMID: 12803543 PMCID: PMC1223634 DOI: 10.1042/bj20030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2003] [Revised: 06/10/2003] [Accepted: 06/12/2003] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The RecQ helicases represent a subfamily of DNA helicases that are highly conserved in evolution. Loss of RecQ helicase function leads to a breakdown in the maintenance of genome integrity, in particular hyper-recombination. Germ-line defects in three of the five known human RecQ helicases give rise to defined genetic disorders associated with cancer predisposition and/or premature aging. These are Bloom's syndrome, Werner's syndrome and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, which are caused by defects in the genes BLM, WRN and RECQ4 respectively. Here we review the properties of RecQ helicases in organisms from bacteria to humans, with an emphasis on the biochemical functions of these enzymes and the range of protein partners that they operate with. We will discuss models in which RecQ helicases are required to protect against replication fork demise, either through prevention of fork breakdown or restoration of productive DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csanád Z Bachrati
- Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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47
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Kawamura H, Tsuchida H, Maezawa Y, Kobayashi K, Fujimoto M, Asaumi S, Yokote K, Mori S, Saito Y. [A report of a case with Werner's syndrome suffering from end-stage renal failure]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2003; 40:282-6. [PMID: 12822481 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.40.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 54-year-old man was found to have hypertension at age 32, and a diagnosis of Werner's Syndrome was made at age 36 when he was examined for hyperlipidemia. Diabetes mellitus was found at age 42. Proteinuria appeared at age 49, and microscopic hematuria was seen at age 50. At age 51, serum creatinin level began to rise and atrophy of bilateral kidneys was observed by abdominal CT. There after, the renal function gradually worsened. At age 53, the serum creatinin level rose to 8.3 mg/dl, and systemic edema as well as loss of appetite appeared, resulting in the initiation of hemodialysis. In Werner's syndrome, though arteriosclerosis arises frequently, case reports with chronic renal failure are extremely rare. To investigate the cause of the renal dysfunction, renal biopsy was performed and the samples were histologically examined, revealing the presence of hypertensive glomerular changes. It is, thus, conceivable that hypertension had played a major role in the progression of renal failure in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harukiyo Kawamura
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
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48
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Niu T, Xu X. Candidate genes for osteoporosis. Therapeutic implications. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGENOMICS : GENOMICS-RELATED RESEARCH IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2002; 1:11-9. [PMID: 12173309 DOI: 10.2165/00129785-200101010-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, which afflicts 10 million Americans, is a complex disease characterized by decreased bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, and an increase in fracture risk. Family and twin studies have established a genetic contribution to the etiology of osteoporosis. The biological candidate genes of osteoporosis can be ordered into 5 categories: (i) calcium homeostasis; (ii) hormonal dysfunction; (iii) osteoblast and osteoclast development and regulation; (vi) cartilage matrix metabolism; and (v) lipoprotein metabolism. In addition, genome-wide scans have identified a number of chromosomal regions harboring genes that influence bone mineral density. Moreover, the drug responses to various treatments of osteoporosis are reported to be modulated by DNA polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene, the estrogen receptor 1 gene, and the transforming growth factor beta 1 gene. With the rapid advancement of the Human Genome Project and biotechnology, it will be possible to carry out parallel analyses of large numbers of candidate genes for osteoporosis and to calculate a patient's individual fracture risk in the context of specific environmental influences. This will eventually lead to more advanced diagnostic methods and more efficacious drugs targeting osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Niu
- Program for Population Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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49
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Shiratori M, Suzuki T, Itoh C, Goto M, Furuichi Y, Matsumoto T. WRN helicase accelerates the transcription of ribosomal RNA as a component of an RNA polymerase I-associated complex. Oncogene 2002; 21:2447-54. [PMID: 11971179 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2001] [Revised: 01/02/2002] [Accepted: 01/11/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder causing premature aging. The gene (WRN) responsible for WS encodes a protein homologous to the RecQ-type helicase. WRN has a nucleolar localization signal and shows intranuclear trafficking between the nucleolus and the nucleoplasm. WRN is recruited into the nucleolus when rRNA transcription is reactivated in quiescent cells. Inhibition of mRNA transcription with alpha-amanitin has no effect on nucleolar localization of WRN whereas inhibition of rRNA transcription with actinomycin D releases WRN from nucleoli, suggesting that nucleolar WRN is closely related to rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase I (RPI). A possible function of WRN on rRNA transcription through interaction with RPI is supported by the results described here showing that WRN is co-immunoprecipitated with an RPI subunit, RPA40. Here we show that WS fibroblasts are characterized by a decreased level of rRNA transcription compared with wild-type cells, and that the decreased level of rRNA transcription in WS fibroblasts recovers when wild-type WRN is exogenously expressed. By contrast, exogenously expressed mutant-type WRN lacking an ability to migrate into the nucleolus fails to stimulate rRNA transcription. These results suggest that WRN promotes rRNA transcription as a component of an RPI-associated complex in the nucleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Shiratori
- AGENE Research Institute, 200 Kajiwara, Kamukura, Kanagawa 247-0063, Japan
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50
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Shimizu T, Tateishi Y, Furuichi Y, Sugimoto M, Kawabe T, Matsumoto T, Shimizu H. Diagnosis of Werner syndrome by immunoblot analysis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2002; 27:157-9. [PMID: 11952711 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.00996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding RecQ type DNA helicase (WRN). We report a 53-year-old Japanese male with WS who initially presented with skin ulcers on the feet and the left elbow. The patient had a high-pitched voice, hoarseness, a characteristic bird-like facial appearance with a beak-shaped nose, canities and juvenile cataracts. Immunoblot analysis using a monoclonal antibody directed against the WS gene product DNA helicase revealed that the patient's leucocytes lacked this particular molecule, confirming the diagnosis of WS. This new immunoblot system therefore enables the diagnosis of WS to be made without the need to undertake more complex mutational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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