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Zhao B, Yin J, Ding L, Luo J, Luo J, Mu J, Pan S, Du J, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Liu L. SPAG6 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis via TGF-β/Smad signal pathway in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Hematol 2024; 119:119-129. [PMID: 38147275 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) prognosis remains unsatisfactory, and searching for new therapeutic targets is crucial for improving patient prognosis. Sperm-associated antigen 6 (SPAG6), a member of the cancer-testis antigen family, plays an important role in tumors, especially hematologic tumors; however, it is unknown whether SPAG6 plays a role in adult B-ALL. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that SPAG6 expression was up-regulated in the bone marrow of adult B-ALL patients compared to healthy donors, and expression was significantly reduced in patients who achieved complete remission (CR) after treatment. In addition, patients with high SPAG6 expression were older (≥ 35 years; P = 0.015), had elevated white blood cell counts (WBC > 30 × 109/L; P = 0.021), and a low rate of CR (P = 0.036). We explored the SPAG6 effect on cell function by lentiviral transfection of adult B-ALL cell lines BALL-1 and NALM-6, and discovered that knocking down SPAG6 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. We identified that SPAG6 knockdown might regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis via the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jiaxiu Yin
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jiao Mu
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Shirui Pan
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yirui Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Linyi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
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2
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Culver A, Hamang M, Wang Y, Jiang H, Yanum J, White E, Gawrieh S, Vuppalanchi RK, Chalasani NP, Dai G, Yaden BC. GDF8 Contributes to Liver Fibrogenesis and Concomitant Skeletal Muscle Wasting. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1909. [PMID: 37509548 PMCID: PMC10377408 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with end-stage liver disease exhibit progressive skeletal muscle atrophy, highlighting a negative crosstalk between the injured liver and muscle. Our study was to determine whether TGFβ ligands function as the mediators. Acute or chronic liver injury was induced by a single or repeated administration of carbon tetrachloride. Skeletal muscle injury and repair was induced by intramuscular injection of cardiotoxin. Activin type IIB receptor (ActRIIB) ligands and growth differentiation factor 8 (Gdf8) were neutralized with ActRIIB-Fc fusion protein and a Gdf8-specific antibody, respectively. We found that acute hepatic injury induced rapid and adverse responses in muscle, which was blunted by neutralizing ActRIIB ligands. Chronic liver injury caused muscle atrophy and repair defects, which were prevented or reversed by inactivating ActRIIB ligands. Furthermore, we found that pericentral hepatocytes produce excessive Gdf8 in injured mouse liver and cirrhotic human liver. Specific inactivation of Gdf8 prevented liver injury-induced muscle atrophy, similar to neutralization of ActRIIB ligands. Inhibition of Gdf8 also reversed muscle atrophy in a treatment paradigm following chronic liver injury. Direct injection of exogenous Gdf8 protein into muscle along with acute focal muscle injury recapitulated similar dysregulated muscle regeneration as that observed with liver injury. The results indicate that injured liver negatively communicate with the muscle largely via Gdf8. Unexpectedly, inactivation of Gdf8 simultaneously ameliorated liver fibrosis in mice following chronic liver injury. In vitro, Gdf8 induced human hepatic stellate (LX-2) cells to form a septa-like structure and stimulated expression of profibrotic factors. Our findings identified Gdf8 as a novel hepatomyokine contributing to injured liver-muscle negative crosstalk along with liver injury progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Culver
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matthew Hamang
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Huaizhou Jiang
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jennifer Yanum
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Emily White
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 46202, USA
| | - Samer Gawrieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Raj K Vuppalanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Naga P Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Guoli Dai
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Benjamin C Yaden
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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3
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Hu Z, Liu Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wang C. Roles of TGF‑β signalling pathway‑related lncRNAs in cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 25:107. [PMID: 36817052 PMCID: PMC9932718 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNAs that are >200 nucleotides in length that do not have the ability to be translated into protein but are associated with numerous diseases, including cancer. The involvement of lncRNAs in the signalling of certain signalling pathways can promote tumour progression; these pathways include the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling pathway, which is related to tumour development. The expression of lncRNAs in various tumour tissues is specific, and their interaction with the TGF-β signalling pathway indicates that they may serve as new tumour markers and therapeutic targets. The present review summarized the role of TGF-β pathway-associated lncRNAs in regulating tumorigenesis in different types of cancer and their effects on the TGF-β signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Hu
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yitong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Meiqi Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Yang Zhang or Dr Chengkun Wang, Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, 28 Chang Sheng Xi Avenue, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Chengkun Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Yang Zhang or Dr Chengkun Wang, Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, 28 Chang Sheng Xi Avenue, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China, E-mail:
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4
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Zhao J, Liu X, Cong K, Chang J, Shan H, Zheng Y. The prognostic significance of LTBP2 for malignant tumors: Evidence based on 11 observational studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29207. [PMID: 35512078 PMCID: PMC9276395 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS At present, increasing reports have shown that latent transforming growth factor-β-binding protein 2 (LTBP2) was associated with the prognosis of many types of cancer. We performed rounded analysis to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the prognostic significance of LTBP2 for patients with malignant tumors. METHODS We identified relevant studies by searching database including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the correlation between LTBP2 and clinicopathologic features or overall survival of patients with cancer. Hazard ratio with its 95% CI was used to explore the prognostic risk factors. The analysis was performed and assessed using Review Manager 5.2. RESULTS A total of 11 studies including 2322 participants were included in this systematic review. Pooled results showed that malignant tissues experienced higher incidence of high LTBP2 expression when compared with adjacent or normal tissues. Patients with high LTBP2 expression experienced significantly lower 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, and 4-year overall survival rate, with the pooled odds ratios being 0.26 (95% CI 0.13-0.53; P = .0002), 0.27 (95% CI 0.14-0.50; P < .0001), 0.26 (95% CI 0.13-0.53; P = .0002), and 0.21 (95% CI 0.06-0.73; P = .01) respectively. Univariate analysis showed high LTBP2 expression, tumor node metastasis stage, T stage, and N stage were prognostic factors of patients with tumors. Multivariate analysis indicated high LTBP2 expression was an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS The present analysis suggested that LTBP2 may have significant association with survival of patients with cancer. High LTBP2 expression was an independent prognostic factor and indicated poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmeng Zhao
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Guangrao County People's Hospital, Guangrao, China
| | - Xiaokang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangrao County People's Hospital, Guangrao, China
| | - Ke Cong
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Guangrao County People's Hospital, Guangrao, China
| | - Jinzhe Chang
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Guangrao County People's Hospital, Guangrao, China
| | - Hongqing Shan
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Guangrao County People's Hospital, Guangrao, China
| | - Yuenan Zheng
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Guangrao County People's Hospital, Guangrao, China
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Peters S, Wirkert E, Kuespert S, Heydn R, Johannesen S, Friedrich A, Mailänder S, Korte S, Mecklenburg L, Aigner L, Bruun TH, Bogdahn U. Safe and Effective Cynomolgus Monkey GLP-Tox Study with Repetitive Intrathecal Application of a TGFBR2 Targeting LNA-Gapmer Antisense Oligonucleotide as Treatment Candidate for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:200. [PMID: 35057094 PMCID: PMC8780845 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The capability of the adult central nervous system to self-repair/regenerate was demonstrated repeatedly throughout the last decades but remains in debate. Reduced neurogenic niche activity paralleled by a profound neuronal loss represents fundamental hallmarks in the disease course of neurodegenerative disorders. We and others have demonstrated the endogenous TGFβ system to represent a potential pathogenic participant in disease progression, of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in particular, by generating and promoting a disequilibrium of neurodegenerative and neuroregenerative processes. The novel human/primate specific LNA Gapmer Antisense Oligonucleotide "NVP-13", targeting TGFBR2, effectively reduced its expression and lowered TGFβ signal transduction in vitro and in vivo, paralleled by boosting neurogenic niche activity in human neuronal progenitor cells and nonhuman primate central nervous system. Here, we investigated NVP-13 in vivo pharmacology, safety, and tolerability following repeated intrathecal injections in nonhuman primate cynomolgus monkeys for 13 weeks in a GLP-toxicology study approach. NVP-13 was administered intrathecally with 1, 2, or 4 mg NVP-13/animal within 3 months on days 1, 15, 29, 43, 57, 71, and 85 in the initial 13 weeks. We were able to demonstrate an excellent local and systemic tolerability, and no adverse events in physiological, hematological, clinical chemistry, and microscopic findings in female and male Cynomolgus Monkeys. Under the conditions of this study, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is at least 4 mg/animal NVP-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Peters
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.P.); (E.W.); (S.K.); (R.H.); (S.J.); (T.-H.B.)
- Velvio GmbH, Am Biopark 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Wirkert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.P.); (E.W.); (S.K.); (R.H.); (S.J.); (T.-H.B.)
| | - Sabrina Kuespert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.P.); (E.W.); (S.K.); (R.H.); (S.J.); (T.-H.B.)
| | - Rosmarie Heydn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.P.); (E.W.); (S.K.); (R.H.); (S.J.); (T.-H.B.)
| | - Siw Johannesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.P.); (E.W.); (S.K.); (R.H.); (S.J.); (T.-H.B.)
- BG Trauma Center, Professor Küntscher Str. 8, 82418 Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany
| | - Anita Friedrich
- Granzer Regulatory Consulting & Services, Kistlerhofstr. 172C, 81379 München, Germany; (A.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Susanne Mailänder
- Granzer Regulatory Consulting & Services, Kistlerhofstr. 172C, 81379 München, Germany; (A.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Sven Korte
- Labcorp Early Development Services GmbH, 48163 Münster, Germany; (S.K.); (L.M.)
| | - Lars Mecklenburg
- Labcorp Early Development Services GmbH, 48163 Münster, Germany; (S.K.); (L.M.)
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Tim-Henrik Bruun
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.P.); (E.W.); (S.K.); (R.H.); (S.J.); (T.-H.B.)
- Velvio GmbH, Am Biopark 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.P.); (E.W.); (S.K.); (R.H.); (S.J.); (T.-H.B.)
- Velvio GmbH, Am Biopark 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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6
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Almadani YH, Vorstenbosch J, Efanov JI, Xu L. Dupuytren's Disease: An Outcomes-Focused Update. Semin Plast Surg 2021; 35:216-222. [PMID: 34526871 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dupuytren's disease (DD) remains a common fibroproliferative condition with significant sequelae and impact on patient's lives. The etiology of DD is poorly understood, and genetic predisposition is thought to be a strongly associated factor. Despite remarkable strides in improving our molecular understanding of DD, clinical treatment options have not yet overcome the frequently encountered challenge of recurrence. Recurrence rates continue to shape the prognosis of this fibrotic condition. In this outcomes-focused article, the various treatment modalities are reviewed. This further emphasizes the importance of patient education and providing them with the information to make informed decisions about their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser H Almadani
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joshua Vorstenbosch
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Johnny Ionut Efanov
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liqin Xu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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7
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Xu X, Hong P, Wang Z, Tang Z, Li K. MicroRNAs in Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling Pathway Associated With Fibrosis Involving Different Systems of the Human Body. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:707461. [PMID: 34381815 PMCID: PMC8350386 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.707461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a major cause of morbidity and mortality, is a histopathological manifestation of many chronic inflammatory diseases affecting different systems of the human body. Two types of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways regulate fibrosis: the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway, represented by SMAD-2 and SMAD-3, and the noncanonical pathway, which functions without SMAD-2/3 participation and currently includes TGF-β/mitogen-activated protein kinases, TGF-β/SMAD-1/5, TGF-β/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt, TGF-β/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein-3, and TGF-β/rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase signaling pathways. MicroRNA (miRNA), a type of non-coding single-stranded small RNA, comprises approximately 22 nucleotides encoded by endogenous genes, which can regulate physiological and pathological processes in fibrotic diseases, particularly affecting organs such as the liver, the kidney, the lungs, and the heart. The aim of this review is to introduce the characteristics of the canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways and to classify miRNAs with regulatory effects on these two pathways based on the influenced organ. Further, we aim to summarize the limitations of the current research of the mechanisms of fibrosis, provide insights into possible future research directions, and propose therapeutic options for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengyu Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhefu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Peters S, Kuespert S, Wirkert E, Heydn R, Jurek B, Johannesen S, Hsam O, Korte S, Ludwig FT, Mecklenburg L, Mrowetz H, Altendorfer B, Poupardin R, Petri S, Thal DR, Hermann A, Weishaupt JH, Weis J, Aksoylu IS, Lewandowski SA, Aigner L, Bruun TH, Bogdahn U. Reconditioning the Neurogenic Niche of Adult Non-human Primates by Antisense Oligonucleotide-Mediated Attenuation of TGFβ Signaling. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1963-1979. [PMID: 33860461 PMCID: PMC8609055 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is a target for brain rejuvenation as well as regeneration in aging and disease. Numerous approaches showed efficacy to elevate neurogenesis in rodents, yet translation into therapies has not been achieved. Here, we introduce a novel human TGFβ-RII (Transforming Growth Factor-Receptor Type II) specific LNA-antisense oligonucleotide ("locked nucleotide acid"-"NVP-13"), which reduces TGFβ-RII expression and downstream receptor signaling in human neuronal precursor cells (ReNcell CX® cells) in vitro. After we injected cynomolgus non-human primates repeatedly i.th. with NVP-13 in a preclinical regulatory 13-week GLP-toxicity program, we could specifically downregulate TGFβ-RII mRNA and protein in vivo. Subsequently, we observed a dose-dependent upregulation of the neurogenic niche activity within the hippocampus and subventricular zone: human neural progenitor cells showed significantly (up to threefold over control) enhanced differentiation and cell numbers. NVP-13 treatment modulated canonical and non-canonical TGFβ pathways, such as MAPK and PI3K, as well as key transcription factors and epigenetic factors involved in stem cell maintenance, such as MEF2A and pFoxO3. The latter are also dysregulated in clinical neurodegeneration, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we provide for the first time in vitro and in vivo evidence for a novel translatable approach to treat neurodegenerative disorders by modulating neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Peters
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Velvio GmbH, Am Biopark 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kuespert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Velvio GmbH, Am Biopark 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Wirkert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Velvio GmbH, Am Biopark 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rosmarie Heydn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Velvio GmbH, Am Biopark 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Jurek
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Siw Johannesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Velvio GmbH, Am Biopark 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ohnmar Hsam
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sven Korte
- Covance Preclinical Services GmbH, Muenster, Germany
| | | | | | - Heike Mrowetz
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Altendorfer
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital MHH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dietmar R Thal
- Department for Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory for Neuropathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht-Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Inci Sevval Aksoylu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian A Lewandowski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tim-Henrik Bruun
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Velvio GmbH, Am Biopark 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Velvio GmbH, Am Biopark 11, Regensburg, Germany.
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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9
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Szu J, Wojcinski A, Jiang P, Kesari S. Impact of the Olig Family on Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:659601. [PMID: 33859549 PMCID: PMC8042229 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.659601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Olig genes encode members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. Olig1, Olig2, and Olig3 are expressed in both the developing and mature central nervous system (CNS) and strictly regulate cellular specification and differentiation. Extensive studies have established functional roles of Olig1 and Olig2 in directing neuronal and glial formation during different stages in development. Recently, Olig2 overexpression was implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders down syndrome (DS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but its influence on cognitive and intellectual defects remains unknown. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of the Olig family and how it uniquely promotes cellular diversity in the CNS. This is followed up with a discussion on how abnormal Olig2 expression impacts brain development and function in DS and ASD. Collectively, the studies described here emphasize vital features of the Olig members and their distinctive potential roles in neurodevelopmental disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Szu
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Alexandre Wojcinski
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States.,Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
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He T, Yang J, Liu P, Xu L, Lü Q, Tan Q. [Research progress of adipose-derived stem cells in skin scar prevention and treatment]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:234-240. [PMID: 33624480 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202007083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To review the research progress of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in skin scar prevention and treatment. Methods The related literature was extensively reviewed and analyzed. The recent in vitroand in vivo experiments and clinical studies on the role of ADSCs in skin scar prevention and treatment, and the possible mechanisms and biomaterials to optimize the effect of ADSCs were summarized. Results As demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical studies, ADSCs participate in the whole process of skin wound healing and may prevent and treat skin scars by reducing inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, or inhibiting (muscle) fibroblasts activity to reduce collagen deposition through the p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ, transforming growth factor β 1/Smads pathways. Moreover, bioengineered materials such as hydrogel from acellular porcine adipose tissue, porcine small-intestine submucosa, and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) scaffold may further enhance the efficacy of ADSCs in preventing and treating skin scars. Conclusion Remarkable progress has been made in the application of ADSCs in skin scar prevention and treatment. While, further studies are still needed to explore the application methods of ADSCs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Jiqiao Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Qing Lü
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Qiuwen Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
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11
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Zabala M, Lobo NA, Antony J, Heitink LS, Gulati GS, Lam J, Parashurama N, Sanchez K, Adorno M, Sikandar SS, Kuo AH, Qian D, Kalisky T, Sim S, Li L, Dirbas FM, Somlo G, Newman A, Quake SR, Clarke MF. LEFTY1 Is a Dual-SMAD Inhibitor that Promotes Mammary Progenitor Growth and Tumorigenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:284-299.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Current potential therapeutic strategies targeting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway to attenuate keloid and hypertrophic scar formation. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110287. [PMID: 32540643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant scar formation, which includes keloid and hypertrophic scars, is associated with a pathological disorganized wound healing process with chronic inflammation. The TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is the most canonical pathway through which the formation of collagen in the fibroblasts and myofibroblasts is regulated. Sustained activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway results in the long-term overactivation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which is necessary for the excessive collagen formation in aberrant scars. There are two categories of therapeutic strategies that aim to target the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts to interfere with their cellular functions and reduce cell proliferation. The first therapeutic strategy includes medications, and the second strategy is composed of genetic and cellular therapeutics. Therefore, the focus of this review is to critically evaluate these two main therapeutic strategies that target the TGF-β/Smad pathway to attenuate abnormal skin scar formation.
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13
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TGFβ and EGF signaling orchestrates the AP-1- and p63 transcriptional regulation of breast cancer invasiveness. Oncogene 2020; 39:4436-4449. [PMID: 32350443 PMCID: PMC7253358 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Activator protein (AP)-1 transcription factors are essential elements of the pro-oncogenic functions of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)-SMAD signaling. Here we show that in multiple HER2+ and/or EGFR+ breast cancer cell lines these AP-1-dependent tumorigenic properties of TGFβ critically rely on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and expression of the ΔN isoform of transcriptional regulator p63. EGFR and ΔNp63 enabled and/or potentiated the activation of a subset of TGFβ-inducible invasion/migration-associated genes, e.g., ITGA2, LAMB3, and WNT7A/B, and enhanced the recruitment of SMAD2/3 to these genes. The TGFβ- and EGF-induced binding of SMAD2/3 and JUNB to these gene loci was accompanied by p63-SMAD2/3 and p63-JUNB complex formation. p63 and EGFR were also found to strongly potentiate TGFβ induction of AP-1 proteins and, in particular, FOS family members. Ectopic overexpression of FOS could counteract the decrease in TGFβ-induced gene activation after p63 depletion. p63 is also involved in the transcriptional regulation of heparin binding (HB)-EGF and EGFR genes, thereby establishing a self-amplification loop that facilitates and empowers the pro-invasive functions of TGFβ. These cooperative pro-oncogenic functions of EGFR, AP-1, p63, and TGFβ were efficiently inhibited by clinically relevant chemical inhibitors. Our findings may, therefore, be of importance for therapy of patients with breast cancers with an activated EGFR-RAS-RAF pathway.
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Nanri Y, Nunomura S, Terasaki Y, Yoshihara T, Hirano Y, Yokosaki Y, Yamaguchi Y, Feghali-Bostwick C, Ajito K, Murakami S, Conway SJ, Izuhara K. Cross-Talk between Transforming Growth Factor-β and Periostin Can Be Targeted for Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:204-216. [PMID: 31505128 PMCID: PMC6993541 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0245oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterized as progressive and irreversible fibrosis in the interstitium of lung tissues. There is still an unmet need to develop a novel therapeutic drug for IPF. We have previously demonstrated that periostin, a matricellular protein, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism of how periostin causes pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, we sought to learn whether the cross-talk between TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β), a central mediator in pulmonary fibrosis, and periostin in lung fibroblasts leads to generation of pulmonary fibrosis and whether inhibitors for integrin αVβ3, a periostin receptor, can block pulmonary fibrosis in model mice and the TGF-β signals in fibroblasts from patients with IPF. We found that cross-talk exists between TGF-β and periostin signals via αVβ3/β5 converging into Smad3. This cross-talk is necessary for the expression of TGF-β downstream effector molecules important for pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, we identified several potent integrin low-molecular-weight inhibitors capable of blocking cross-talk with TGF-β signaling. One of the compounds, CP4715, attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo in mice and the TGF-β signals in vitro in fibroblasts from patients with IPF. These results suggest that the cross-talk between TGF-β and periostin can be targeted for pulmonary fibrosis and that CP4715 can be a potential therapeutic agent to block this cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nanri
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Terasaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohito Yoshihara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirano
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yokosaki
- Cell-Matrix Frontier Lab, Health Administration Office, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukie Yamaguchi
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Keiichi Ajito
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika Pharma Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Shoichi Murakami
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika Pharma Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Simon J. Conway
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
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15
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Non-canonical (non-SMAD2/3) TGF-β signaling in fibrosis: Mechanisms and targets. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 101:115-122. [PMID: 31883994 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β uses several intracellular signaling pathways besides canonical ALK5-Smad2/3 signaling to regulate a diverse array of cellular functions. Several of these so-called non-canonical (non-Smad2/3) pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and may therefore represent targets for therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the mechanisms of non-canonical TGF-β signaling in fibrosis, the potential molecular targets and the use of agonists/antagonists for therapeutic intervention.
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16
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Sundqvist A, Voytyuk O, Hamdi M, Popeijus HE, Bijlsma-van der Burgt C, Janssen J, Martens JW, Moustakas A, Heldin CH, ten Dijke P, van Dam H. JNK-Dependent cJun Phosphorylation Mitigates TGFβ- and EGF-Induced Pre-Malignant Breast Cancer Cell Invasion by Suppressing AP-1-Mediated Transcriptional Responses. Cells 2019; 8:E1481. [PMID: 31766464 PMCID: PMC6952832 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) has both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting effects in breast cancer. These functions are partly mediated through Smads, intracellular transcriptional effectors of TGFβ. Smads form complexes with other DNA-binding transcription factors to elicit cell-type-dependent responses. Previously, we found that the collagen invasion and migration of pre-malignant breast cancer cells in response to TGFβ and epidermal growth factor (EGF) critically depend on multiple Jun and Fos components of the activator protein (AP)-1 transcription factor complex. Here we report that the same process is negatively regulated by Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent cJun phosphorylation. This was demonstrated by analysis of phospho-deficient, phospho-mimicking, and dimer-specific cJun mutants, and experiments employing a mutant version of the phosphatase MKP1 that specifically inhibits JNK. Hyper-phosphorylation of cJun by JNK strongly inhibited its ability to induce several Jun/Fos-regulated genes and to promote migration and invasion. These results show that MEK-AP-1 and JNK-phospho-cJun exhibit distinct pro- and anti-invasive functions, respectively, through differential regulation of Smad- and AP-1-dependent TGFβ target genes. Our findings are of importance for personalized cancer therapy, such as for patients suffering from specific types of breast tumors with activated EGF receptor-Ras or inactivated JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Sundqvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.M.); (C.-H.H.); (P.t.D.)
| | - Oleksandr Voytyuk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.M.); (C.-H.H.); (P.t.D.)
| | - Mohamed Hamdi
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Herman E. Popeijus
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Corina Bijlsma-van der Burgt
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Josephine Janssen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| | - John W.M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.M.); (C.-H.H.); (P.t.D.)
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.M.); (C.-H.H.); (P.t.D.)
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.M.); (C.-H.H.); (P.t.D.)
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Hans van Dam
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (H.E.P.); (C.B.-v.d.B.); (J.J.)
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Ueta M, Takaoka K, Yamamura M, Maeda H, Tamaoka J, Nakano Y, Noguchi K, Kishimoto H. Effects of TGF‑β1 on the migration and morphology of RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4331-4339. [PMID: 31545488 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs) differentiate from monocyte/macrophage‑lineage hematopoietic precursor cells, which are known as OC precursors (OCPs). Several studies have investigated cell chemotaxis in the bone microenvironment; however, OCP migration ability in the bone microenvironment during OC differentiation is yet to be elucidated. As an initial investigation of this characteristic, the present study aimed to determine the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1 on OCP migration in vitro. Pre‑osteoclastic RAW264.7 cells were cultured with and without TGF‑β1 (2, 5 or 20 ng/ml), receptor activator of NF‑κB ligand (RANKL; 50 ng/ml), and/or SB431542 (10 µM), a potent and specific inhibitor of TGF‑β1 receptor kinase activity. Cell proliferation was significantly inhibited in the presence of TGF‑β1 for 3 days, and the effect was reversed by SB431542. Tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in RAW264.7 cells was significantly increased by RANKL treatment, compared with TRAP activity in control cells on day 3. The highest TRAP activity in RAW264.7 cells was induced by the combined treatment with TGF‑β1 (2 ng/ml) and RANKL. When TGF‑β1 signaling was inhibited by addition of SB431542 to the medium during culture, OC differentiation was notably suppressed. These findings suggest that TGF‑β1 accelerates RANKL‑induced OC differentiation, but does not act in a dose‑dependent manner. The migration of RAW264.7 cells was promoted at 24 h, but was suppressed at 72 h, during RANKL‑induced osteoclast differentiation in the presence of TGF‑β1. These results were accompanied with the increased expression of small G‑proteins, RhoA and Rac, at 24 h, but their expression decreased at 72 h. RAW264.7 cells treated with TGF‑β1 for 24 h underwent morphological changes, from round to polygonal morphology. Furthermore, protrusions were completely lost and the cell morphology reverted from polygonal to round after TGF‑β1 treatment for 72 h. Therefore, our findings indicated that OCP migration may be modified by differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ueta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takaoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Michiyo Yamamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Hanako Maeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Joji Tamaoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Yoshioro Nakano
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Kazuma Noguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kishimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
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Zou J, Huang R, Li H, Wang B, Chen Y, Chen S, Ou K, Wang X. Secreted TGF-beta-induced protein promotes aggressive progression in bladder cancer cells. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6995-7006. [PMID: 31440088 PMCID: PMC6664251 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s208984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Transforming growth factor-beta-induced (TGFBI) is an exocrine protein, which has been found to be able to promote the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, glioma, pancreatic cancer, and other tumors. However, there is currently no report concerning the relationship between TGFBI and invasive progression of bladder cancer (BCa). Methods: IHC staining, qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to analyze TGFBI and EMT markers levels. In vivo tumorigenesis was performed by xenograft tumor model. Results: In this study, we found that both mRNA and protein levels of TGFBI were significantly up-regulated in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) tissues compared with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) tissues. The high expression level of TGFBI was positively correlated with high histological grade and advanced clinical stage, and BCa patients with high TGFBI levels exhibited poor prognoses. We further confirmed that high expression level of TGFBI can promote proliferation, invasive progression, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BCa cells in vitro, as well as promote tumor growth and EMT in vivo, while silencing of TGFBI inhibited these malignant phenotypes. TGFBI was involved in the up-regulation of EMT by inducing the expression level of Slug, Vimentin, Snail, MMP2, and MMP9 genes, while it down-regulated the expression level of E-cadherin. Moreover, Western blot analysis was carried out to demonstrate that BCa cell lines stably transfected with expression of TGFBI, a secreted protein. Furthermore, conditional medium containing TGFBI protein also resulted in enhanced EMT and malignant phenotype of BCa cells. Conclusion: Our results indicate that high expression level of TGFBI promotes EMT, proliferation, and invasive progression of BCa cells, and TGFBI is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker for BCa. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkmU8GAfOv0
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyan Huang
- Department of Ultrasonography and Electrocardiograms, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajun Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institue of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institue of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwei Chen
- The Third Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifu Ou
- The Third Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xutao Wang
- The Third Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Sundqvist A, Morikawa M, Ren J, Vasilaki E, Kawasaki N, Kobayashi M, Koinuma D, Aburatani H, Miyazono K, Heldin CH, van Dam H, Ten Dijke P. JUNB governs a feed-forward network of TGFβ signaling that aggravates breast cancer invasion. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:1180-1195. [PMID: 29186616 PMCID: PMC5814809 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) switches its function from being a tumor suppressor to a tumor promoter during the course of tumorigenesis, which involves both cell-intrinsic and environment-mediated mechanisms. We are interested in breast cancer cells, in which SMAD mutations are rare and interactions between SMAD and other transcription factors define pro-oncogenic events. Here, we have performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing analyses which indicate that the genome-wide landscape of SMAD2/3 binding is altered after prolonged TGFβ stimulation. De novo motif analyses of the SMAD2/3 binding regions predict enrichment of binding motifs for activator protein (AP)1 in addition to SMAD motifs. TGFβ-induced expression of the AP1 component JUNB was required for expression of many late invasion-mediating genes, creating a feed-forward regulatory network. Moreover, we found that several components in the WNT pathway were enriched among the late TGFβ-target genes, including the invasion-inducing WNT7 proteins. Consistently, overexpression of WNT7A or WNT7B enhanced and potentiated TGFβ-induced breast cancer cell invasion, while inhibition of the WNT pathway reduced this process. Our study thereby helps to explain how accumulation of pro-oncogenic stimuli switches and stabilizes TGFβ-induced cellular phenotypes of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Sundqvist
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masato Morikawa
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jiang Ren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eleftheria Vasilaki
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natsumi Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mai Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daizo Koinuma
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans van Dam
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Ullah I, Sun W, Tang L, Feng J. Roles of Smads Family and Alternative Splicing Variants of Smad4 in Different Cancers. J Cancer 2018; 9:4018-4028. [PMID: 30410607 PMCID: PMC6218760 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) is one of the most common secretory proteins which are recognized by membrane receptors joined to transcription regulatory factor. TGF-β signals are transduced by the Smads family that regulate differentiation, proliferation, early growth, apoptosis, homeostasis, and tumor development. Functional study of TGF-β signaling pathway and Smads role is vital for certain diseases such as cancer. Alternative splicing produces a diverse range of protein isoforms with unique function and the ability to react differently with various pharmaceutical products. This review organizes to describe the general study of Smads family, the process of alternative splicing, the general aspect of alternative splicing of Smad4 in cancer and the possible use of spliceoforms for the diagnosis and therapeutic purpose. The main aim and objective of this article are to highlight some particular mechanisms involving in alternatives splicing of cancer and also to demonstrate new evidence about alternative splicing in different steps given cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Weichao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
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21
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Lü X, Zhang H, Huang Y, Zhang Y. A proteomics study to explore the role of adsorbed serum proteins for PC12 cell adhesion and growth on chitosan and collagen/chitosan surfaces. Regen Biomater 2018; 5:261-273. [PMID: 30338124 PMCID: PMC6184651 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rby017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to apply proteomics in the comparison of the molecular mechanisms of PC12 cell adhesion and growth mediated by the adsorbed serum proteins on the surfaces of chitosan and collagen/chitosan films. First, the chitosan and the collagen/chitosan films were prepared by spin coating; and their surface morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, contact angle measurement and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Subsequently, cell proliferation experiments on two materials were performed and the dynamic curves of protein adsorption on their surfaces were measured. Then, proteomics and bioinformatics were used to analyze and compare the adsorbed serum proteins on the surfaces of two biomaterials; and their effects on cell adhesion were discussed. The results showed that the optimum concentration of chitosan film was 2% w/v. When compared with chitosan film, collagen/chitosan film promoted the growth and proliferation of PC12 cells more significantly. Although the dynamic curves showed no significant difference in the total amount of the adsorbed proteins on both surfaces, proteomics and bioinformatics analyses revealed a difference in protein types: the chitosan surface adsorbed more vitronectin whereas collagen/chitosan surface adsorbed more fibronectin 1 and contained more cell surface receptor binding sites and more Leu-Asp-Val sequences in its surface structure; the collagen/chitosan surface were more conducive to promoting cell adhesion and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- SQ Medical Device Co., Ltd., Nanjing, P.R. China
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22
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Kong Y, Guo Y, Zhang J, Zhao B, Wang J. Strontium Promotes Transforming Growth Factors β1 and β2 Expression in Rat Chondrocytes Cultured In Vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:450-455. [PMID: 29170863 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factors β1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β2, as two distinct homodimers of TGF-β superfamily, involve in chondrocyte growth and differentiation. Emerging evidence has implied that strontium (Sr) plays an important role in the bone formation and resorption, and has strong effects on stimulating human cartilage matrix formation in vitro. However, the direct effects of Sr on TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 expressions in chondrocytes are not entirely clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different Sr concentrations on the expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in rat chondrocytes in vitro. Chondrocytes were isolated from Wistar rat articular by enzymatic digestion. Strontium chloride hexahydrate (SrCl2·6H2O) was used as a Sr source in this study. Sr was added to the culture solution at final concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 20.0, and 100 μg/mL. After 72 h of continuous culture, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 mRNA abundance and protein expression levels in the chondrocytes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 expressions in chondrocytes increased dose-dependently with Sr concentration. The mRNA abundance of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were markedly higher than those observed for control (P < 0.01) when the Sr-treated concentration exceeded 1.0 and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively. The TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 protein expression levels were extremely significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01) at above 5.0 μg/mL Sr-treatment. These results indicated that Sr could involve in the chondrocytes metabolism via regulating TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezi Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yazhou Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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23
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Modulation of TGFβ/Smad signaling by the small GTPase RhoB. Cell Signal 2018; 48:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Wang J, Liang WJ, Min GT, Wang HP, Chen W, Yao N. LTBP2 promotes the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells and predicts poor outcome of patients with gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1886-1898. [PMID: 29620158 PMCID: PMC5919710 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent transforming growth factor-β-binding protein (LTBP)2 is a member of the fibrillin/LTBP superfamily of extracellular matrix proteins, and has been demonstrated to exhibit tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive functions in different types of cancer. However, the function of LTBP2 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and molecular function of LTBP2 in GC, and to evaluate its prognostic value for patients with GC. The results revealed that the expression of LTBP2 was upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. Increased LTBP2 expression was associated with poor overall survival in patients with early-stage [tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) I/II] and late-stage (TNM III/IV) GC. Furthermore, silencing of LTBP2 effectively suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in GC cells. These results suggested that LTBP2 may be considered as a potential therapeutic target and a promising prognostic biomarker for human GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jia Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Tao Min
- Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Peng Wang
- Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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25
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Transforming growth factor β1 promotes invasion of human JEG-3 trophoblast cells via TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:33560-33570. [PMID: 28432277 PMCID: PMC5464890 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is involved invasion of human trophoblasts. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed Transwell assay and found that TGF-β1 promoted the invasion of trophoblast cell line JEG-3. Treatment with TGF-β1 up-regulated the expression of receptor-regulated Smad transcription factors Smad2 and Smad3, and two invasive-associated genes, namely, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2, in JEG-3 cells. Over-expressing activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 5, the TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI) enhanced the up-regulation of Smad2, Smad3, MMP-9, and MMP-2 induced by TGF-β1, whereas application of TβRI inhibitor SB431542 diminished the stimulatory effects of TGF-β1 on these genes. Furthermore, transfection of Smad3 and ALK-5 seperately or in combination into JEG-3 cells before TGF-β1 treatment significantly increased the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2. By contrast, silencing Smad3 and Smad2 by siRNAs significantly decreased the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2, with Smad3 silence having a more potent inhibitory effect. Inhibiting TβRI with SB431542 or knockdown of Smad3, but not Smad2, abolished the stimulatory effect of TGF-β1 on the invasion of JEG-3 cells. Taken together, the results indicate that TGF-β1 activates the Smads signaling pathway in JEG-3 trophoblast cells and Smad3 play a key role in TGF-β1-induced invasion of JEG-3 and up-regulation of MMP-9 and MMP-2 expression.
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26
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Fang QQ, Wang XF, Zhao WY, Ding SL, Shi BH, Xia Y, Yang H, Wu LH, Li CY, Tan WQ. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor reduces scar formation by inhibiting both canonical and noncanonical TGF-β1 pathways. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3332. [PMID: 29463869 PMCID: PMC5820264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21600-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) can improve the fibrotic processes in many internal organs. Recent studies have shown a relationship between ACEI with cutaneous scar formation, although it has not been confirmed, and the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we cultured mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts with different concentrations of ACEI. We measured cell proliferation with a Cell Counting Kit-8 and collagen expression with a Sirius Red Collagen Detection Kit. Flow cytometry and western blotting were used to detect transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) signaling. We also confirmed the potential antifibrotic activity of ACEI in a rat scar model. ACEI reduced fibroblast proliferation, suppressed collagen and TGF-β1 expression, and downregulated the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 and TAK1, both in vitro and in vivo. A microscopic examination showed that rat scars treated with ramipril or losartan were not only narrower than in the controls, but also displayed enhanced re-epithelialization and neovascularization, and the formation of organized granulation tissue. These data indicate that ACEI inhibits scar formation by suppressing both TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 and TGF-β1/TAK1 pathways, and may have clinical utility in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wan-Yi Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Shi-Li Ding
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Bang-Hui Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Li-Hong Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Cai-Yun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wei-Qiang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China. .,Department of Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, PR China. .,Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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27
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Xu X, Zheng L, Yuan Q, Zhen G, Crane JL, Zhou X, Cao X. Transforming growth factor-β in stem cells and tissue homeostasis. Bone Res 2018; 6:2. [PMID: 29423331 PMCID: PMC5802812 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-017-0005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β 1-3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The biological functions of TGF-β in adults can only be delivered after ligand activation, mostly in response to environmental perturbations. Although involved in multiple biological and pathological processes of the human body, the exact roles of TGF-β in maintaining stem cells and tissue homeostasis have not been well-documented until recent advances, which delineate their functions in a given context. Our recent findings, along with data reported by others, have clearly shown that temporal and spatial activation of TGF-β is involved in the recruitment of stem/progenitor cell participation in tissue regeneration/remodeling process, whereas sustained abnormalities in TGF-β ligand activation, regardless of genetic or environmental origin, will inevitably disrupt the normal physiology and lead to pathobiology of major diseases. Modulation of TGF-β signaling with different approaches has proven effective pre-clinically in the treatment of multiple pathologies such as sclerosis/fibrosis, tumor metastasis, osteoarthritis, and immune disorders. Thus, further elucidation of the mechanisms by which TGF-β is activated in different tissues/organs and how targeted cells respond in a context-dependent way can likely be translated with clinical benefits in the management of a broad range of diseases with the involvement of TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Janet L. Crane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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28
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Lewis DD, Chavez M, Chiu KL, Tan C. Reconfigurable Analog Signal Processing by Living Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:107-120. [PMID: 29113433 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Living cells are known for their capacity for versatile signal processing, particularly the ability to respond differently to the same stimuli using biochemical networks that integrate environmental signals and reconfigure their dynamic responses. However, the complexity of natural biological networks confounds the discovery of fundamental mechanisms behind versatile signaling. Here, we study one specific aspect of reconfigurable signal processing in which a minimal biological network integrates two signals, using one to reconfigure the network's transfer function with respect to the other, producing an emergent switch between induction and repression. In contrast to known mechanisms, the new mechanism reconfigures transfer functions through genetic networks without extensive protein-protein interactions. These results provide a novel explanation for the versatility of genetic programs, and suggest a new mechanism of signal integration that may govern flexibility and plasticity of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Lewis
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Integrative
Genetics and Genomics, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michael Chavez
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kwan Lun Chiu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Cheemeng Tan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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29
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Yang F, Luo L, Zhu ZD, Zhou X, Wang Y, Xue J, Zhang J, Cai X, Chen ZL, Ma Q, Chen YF, Wang YJ, Luo YY, Liu P, Zhao L. Chlorogenic Acid Inhibits Liver Fibrosis by Blocking the miR-21-Regulated TGF-β1/Smad7 Signaling Pathway in Vitro and in Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:929. [PMID: 29311932 PMCID: PMC5742161 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a phenolic acid that has a wide range of pharmacological effects. However, the protective effects and mechanisms of CGA on liver fibrosis are not clear. This study explored the effects of CGA on miR-21-regulated TGF-β1/Smad7 liver fibrosis in the hepatic stellate LX2 cell line and in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: The mRNA expression of miR-21, Smad7, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and the protein levels of Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3, Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, Smad7, CTGF, α-SMA, TIMP-1, MMP-9 and TGF-β1 were assayed in LX2 cells and liver tissue. The effects of CGA after miR-21 knockdown or overexpression were analyzed in LX2 cells. The liver tissue and serum were collected for histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ELISA. Results: The mRNA expression of miR-21, CTGF, α-SMA, TIMP-1, and TGF-β1 and the protein expression of p-Smad2, p-Smad3, p-Smad2/3, CTGF, α-SMA, TIMP-1, and TGF-β1 were inhibited by CGA both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, CGA elevated the mRNA and protein expression of Smad7 and MMP-9. After miR-21 knockdown and overexpression, the downstream molecules also changed accordingly. CGA also lessened the degree of liver fibrosis in the pathological manifestation and reduced α-SMA and collagen I expression in liver tissue and TGF-β1 in serum. Conclusion: CGA might relieve liver fibrosis through the miR-21-regulated TGF-β1/Smad7 signaling pathway, which suggests that CGA might be a new anti-fibrosis agent that improves liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Luo
- School of Clinical Medical, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-De Zhu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Clinical Medical, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Jingmen City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingmen, China
| | - Xin Cai
- School of Clinical Medical, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Fei Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying-Ying Luo
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Clinical Medical, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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30
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Wang G, Cai J, Zhang J, Li C. Mechanism of triptolide in treating ankylosing spondylitis through the anti‑ossification effect of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2731-2737. [PMID: 29207198 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the mechanism of triptolide in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) through the anti‑ossification effect of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) pathway. Male rats were randomly divided into five groups: Normal rat group; model group; triptolide low dose group (10 mg/kg); triptolide middle dose group (20 mg/kg); triptolide high dose group (40 mg/kg). The spinal joint capsules of each group of rats were collected to perform primary cell culture to determine the levels of cell proliferation. Western blot and reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction analyses, and ELISA were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of core‑binding factor α1 (Cbfal), BMP receptor type II (BMPRII), Smad1, Smad4, Smad5 and Smad6, the protein expression of phosphorylation indicators, including phosphorylated (p)Smad1 and pSmad5, the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑6 in rat plasma, and the mRNA expression of BMP/Smads in fibroblasts induced by recombinant human (rh)BMP‑2. The effects on AS in the rats were also examined. The results revealed that, following intervention with triptolide, inflammation was suppressed, and the mRNA expression levels of TNF‑α, IL‑1β and IL‑6 were reduced. The expression levels of Cbfal, BMPRII, Smad1, Smad4 and Smad5 were also reduced, whereas the expression of Smad6 was increased. Following induction by rhBMP‑2, the effects of triptolide weakened, with the most marked effects observed at the highest concentration, suggesting that triptolide functions through the BMP/Smad signaling pathway. Taken together, the results suggested that triptolide may be used to treat AS, the mechanism of which may be through the BMP/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Jinshan Zhang
- Department of Medical lmaging, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Cuiyun Li
- Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
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Dual roles of parathyroid hormone related protein in TGF-β1 signaling and fibronectin up-regulation in mesangial cells. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20171061. [PMID: 28954822 PMCID: PMC5665616 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the cross-talk between parathyroid hormone (PTH) related protein (PTHrP) and TGF-β1 in mesangial cells (MCs). Our results showed that PTHrP treatment (≤3 h) induced internalization of PTH1R (PTH/PTHrP receptor)–TβRII (TGF-β type 2 receptor) complex and suppressed TGF-β1-mediated Smad2/3 activation and fibronectin (FN) up-regulation. However, prolonged PTHrP treatment (12–48 h) failed to induce PTH1R–TβRII association and internalization. Total protein levels of PTH1R and TβRII were unaffected by PTHrP treatment. These results suggest that internalization of PTH1R and TβRII after short PTHrP treatment might not lead to their proteolytic destruction, allowing the receptors to be recycled back to the plasma membrane during prolonged PTHrP exposure. Receptor re-expression at the cell surface allows PTHrP to switch from its initial inhibitory effect to promote induction of FN. Our study thus demonstrates the dual roles of PTHrP on TGF-β1 signaling and FN up-regulation for the first time in glomerular MCs. These data also provided new insights to guide development of therapy for diabetic kidney disease (DKD).
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Fibromodulin reduces scar formation in adult cutaneous wounds by eliciting a fetal-like phenotype. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2. [PMID: 29201497 PMCID: PMC5661627 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Blocking transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 signal transduction has been a central strategy for scar reduction; however, this approach appears to be minimally effective. Here, we show that fibromodulin (FMOD), a 59-kD small leucine-rich proteoglycan critical for normal collagen fibrillogenesis, significantly reduces scar formation while simultaneously increasing scar strength in both adult rodent models and porcine wounds, which simulate human cutaneous scar repair. Mechanistically, FMOD uncouples pro-migration/contraction cellular signals from pro-fibrotic signaling by selectively enhancing SMAD3-mediated signal transduction, while reducing AP-1-mediated TGFβ1 auto-induction and fibrotic extracellular matrix accumulation. Consequently, FMOD accelerates TGFβ1-responsive adult fibroblast migration, myofibroblast conversion, and function. Furthermore, our findings strongly indicate that, by delicately orchestrating TGFβ1 activities rather than indiscriminately blocking TGFβ1, FMOD elicits fetal-like cellular and molecular phenotypes in adult dermal fibroblasts in vitro and adult cutaneous wounds in vivo, which is a unique response of living system undescribed previously. Taken together, this study illuminates the signal modulating activities of FMOD beyond its structural support functions, and highlights the potential for FMOD-based therapies to be used in cutaneous wound repair.
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33
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Review: Environmental impact on ocular surface disorders: Possible epigenetic mechanism modulation and potential biomarkers. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:680-687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Chen Y, Peng FF, Jin J, Chen HM, Yu H, Zhang BF. Src-mediated ligand release-independent EGFR transactivation involves TGF-β-induced Smad3 activation in mesangial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:914-920. [PMID: 28943431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A great deal of evidence highlighted the pathophysiologic importance of TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway in masangial extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, but some alternative signaling pathways are also involved. TGF-β was shown recently to induce rapid and transient epidermal-like growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation and subsequent fibronectin expression via heparin-binding epidermal-like growth factors (HB-EGF) release and binding in mesangial cells, which is independent of Smad2 activation. However, whether TGF-β could induce persistent EGFR transactivation remains to be identified. The present study demonstrates that in addition to transient EGFR transactivation, TGF-β1 can also induce continuous EGFR transactivation by a non-ligand-dependent pathway in rat mesangial cells. This sustained EGFR transactivation is mainly due to Src kinase-mediated persistent EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation at Y845 rather than Y1173. TGF-β1-induced early Smad3 phosphorylation is independent of transient EGFR transactivation and ERK1/2 activation initiated by HB-EGF release, whereas Src-mediated chronic EGFR transactivation and ERK1/2 activation participate in Smad3 activation in a relatively modest and delayed manner. Therefore, the present study further clarifies the mechanisms of EGFR transactivation in the TGF-β-initiated ECM upregulation and raises the possibility that targeting EGFR may provide a viable alternative strategy for inhibiting TGF-β in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Fang-Fang Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hong-Min Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Bai-Fang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, PR China.
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Yokobori T, Nishiyama M. TGF-β Signaling in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Progress in Basic and Clinical Research. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6010011. [PMID: 28106769 PMCID: PMC5294964 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily proteins have many important biological functions, including regulation of tissue differentiation, cell proliferation, and migration in both normal and cancer cells. Many studies have reported that TGF-β signaling is associated with disease progression and therapeutic resistance in several cancers. Similarly, TGF-β-induced protein (TGFBI)—a downstream component of the TGF-β signaling pathway—has been shown to promote and/or inhibit cancer. Here, we review the state of basic and clinical research on the roles of TGF-β and TGFBI in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yokobori
- Research Program for Omics-based Medical Science, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- Research Program for Omics-based Medical Science, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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Downregulation of CITED2 contributes to TGFβ-mediated senescence of tendon-derived stem cells. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:93-104. [PMID: 28084522 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2552-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells with potential applications in tendon and tendon-bone junction repair. However, cellular characteristics change during in vitro passaging. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of tendon aging will be essential for the development of TDSC-based therapies. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of CITED2, a nuclear regulator and transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2) on TDSC proliferation and senescence by comparing cells derived from Achilles tendon biopsies of young individuals (Y-TDSC) with those of older patients (O-TDSC). Our results showed that CITED2 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in Y-TDSCs than in O-TDSCs and O-TDSCs displayed decreased proliferation and increased senescence compared with Y-TDSCs. Furthermore, high levels of CITED2 protein expression in Y-TDSCs correlated with the downregulation of SP1 and p21 and the upregulation of MYC, potentially indicating the mechanism by which CITED2 upregulates TDSC proliferation. TGFβ2 was found to downregulate the expression of the CITED2 gene and knockdown of CITED2 abolished the effect of TGFβ2 on TDSC proliferation and senescence. Thus, the downregulation of CITED2 contributes to TGFβ-mediated senescence providing an insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to tendon aging and degeneration. Our findings may aid the development of cell-based therapies for tendon repair.
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37
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Liu S, de Boeck M, van Dam H, ten Dijke P. Regulation of the TGF-β pathway by deubiquitinases in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 76:135-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Omata Y, Nakamura S, Koyama T, Yasui T, Hirose J, Izawa N, Matsumoto T, Imai Y, Seo S, Kurokawa M, Tsutsumi S, Kadono Y, Morimoto C, Aburatani H, Miyamoto T, Tanaka S. Identification of Nedd9 as a TGF-β-Smad2/3 Target Gene Involved in RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Comprehensive Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157992. [PMID: 27336669 PMCID: PMC4918979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-ß is a multifunctional cytokine that is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and function. We previously reported an essential role of the TGF-ß -Smad2/3 pathways in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing, we comprehensively identified Smad2/3 target genes in bone marrow macrophages. These genes were enriched in the gene population upregulated by TGF-ß and downregulated by RANKL. Recent studies have revealed that histone modifications, such as trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and lysine 27 (H3K27me3), critically regulate key developmental steps. We identified Nedd9 as a Smad2/3 target gene whose histone modification pattern was converted from H3K4me3(+)/H3K4me27(+) to H3K4me3(+)/H3K4me27(-) by TGF-ß. Nedd9 expression was increased by TGF-ß and suppressed by RANKL. Overexpression of Nedd9 partially rescued an inhibitory effect of a TGF-ß inhibitor, while gene silencing of Nedd9 suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis were reduced and stimulatory effects of TGF-ß on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis were partially abrogated in cells from Nedd9-deficient mice although knockout mice did not show abnormal skeletal phenotypes. These results suggest that Nedd9 is a Smad2/3 target gene implicated in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Omata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Koyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Yasui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Hirose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Izawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuki Imai
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime 791–0295, Japan
| | - Sachiko Seo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuho Kadono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikao Morimoto
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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39
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Hao XX, Chen SR, Tang JX, Li J, Cheng JM, Jin C, Wang XX, Liu YX. Selective deletion of Smad4 in postnatal germ cells does not affect spermatogenesis or fertility in mice. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:615-23. [PMID: 27265621 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SMAD4 is the central component of canonical signaling in the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily. Loss of Smad4 in Sertoli cells affects the expansion of the fetal testis cords, whereas selective deletion of Smad4 in Leydig cells alone does not appreciably alter fetal or adult testis development. Loss of Smad4 in Sertoli and Leydig cells, on the other hand, leads to testicular dysgenesis, and tumor formation in mice. Within the murine testes, Smad4 is also expressed in germ cells of the seminiferous tubules. We therefore, crossed Ngn3-Cre or Stra8-Cre transgenic mice with Smad4-flox mice to generate conditional knockout animals in which Smad4 was specifically deleted in postnatal germ cells to further uncover cell type-specific requirement of Smad4. Unexpectedly, these germ-cell-knockout mice were fertile and did not exhibit any detectable abnormalities in spermatogenesis, indicating that Smad4 is not required for the production of sperm; instead, these data indicate a cell type-specific requirement of Smad4 primarily during testis development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 615-623, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Ren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Mei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Konrad L, Hackethal A, Oehmke F, Berkes E, Engel J, Tinneberg HR. Analysis of Clusterin and Clusterin Receptors in the Endometrium and Clusterin Levels in Cervical Mucus of Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1371-80. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116641756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Konrad
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Frank Oehmke
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eniko Berkes
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jörg Engel
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Rudolf Tinneberg
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Abstract
TGF-β is a prototype of the TGF-β cytokine superfamily and exerts multiple regulatory effects on cell activities. It signals through two types of membrane-bound serine/threonine kinase receptors. Upon TGF-β binding, the type II receptor TβRII recruits the type I receptor TβRI and form a functional heterocomplex. TβRII trans-phosphorylates the GS region of TβRI, thus triggering its kinase activity. Activated TβRI proceeds to activate downstream Smad2/3. Signal intensity and duration through the availability, activity and destiny of TGF-β receptors are finely controlled by multiple posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and neddylation. This chapter introduces methods for examination of these modifications of TGF-β receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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42
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Wang J, Shao N, Ding X, Tan B, Song Q, Wang N, Jia Y, Ling H, Cheng Y. Crosstalk between transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway and long non-coding RNAs in cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 370:296-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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43
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Iskender B, Izgi K, Hizar E, Jauch J, Arslanhan A, Yuksek EH, Canatan H. Inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer cells via modulation of mTOR signalling. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:8281-91. [PMID: 26718217 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that signalling cross-talk plays a significant role in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. However, the complex network regulating the EMT in different cancer types has not been fully described yet which affects the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we investigated the signalling pathways involved in EMT of bladder cancer cells and demonstrated the effects of two novel agents in the regulation of EMT. Myrtucommulone-A (MC-A) and thymoquinone (TQ) have been shown to possess anti-cancer properties. However, their targets in the regulation of cancer cell behavior are not well defined. Here, we defined the effects of two putative anti-cancer agents on bladder cancer cell migration and their possible intracellular targets in the regulation of EMT. Our results suggest that MC-A or TQ treatment affected N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and β-catenin expressions and effectively attenuated mTOR activity. The downstream components in mTOR signalling were also affected. MC-A treatment resulted in the concomitant inhibition of extracellular matrix-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Src activity. On the other hand, TQ treatment increased Src activity while exerting no effect on ERK 1/2 or p38 MAPK activity. Given the stronger inhibition of EMT-related markers in MC-A-treated samples, we concluded that this effect might be due to collective inhibition of multiple signalling pathways which result in a decrease in their cross-talk in bladder cancer cells. Overall, the data in this study proposes novel action mechanisms for MC-A or TQ in bladder cancer cells and highlights the potential use of these active compounds in the regulation of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Iskender
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey. .,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Kenan Izgi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Hizar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Johann Jauch
- Universität des Saarlandes, Organische Chemie II, Geb. C4.2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Aslihan Arslanhan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Hilal Yuksek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Halit Canatan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
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44
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Young JC, Wakitani S, Loveland KL. TGF-β superfamily signaling in testis formation and early male germline development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 45:94-103. [PMID: 26500180 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The TGF-β ligand superfamily contains at least 40 members, many of which are produced and act within the mammalian testis to facilitate formation of sperm. Their progressive expression at key stages and in specific cell types determines the fertility of adult males, influencing testis development and controlling germline differentiation. BMPs are essential for the interactive instructions between multiple cell types in the early embryo that drive initial specification of gamete precursors. In the nascent foetal testis, several ligands including Nodal, TGF-βs, Activins and BMPs, serve as key masculinizing switches by regulating male germline pluripotency, somatic and germline proliferation, and testicular vascularization and architecture. In postnatal life, local production of these factors determine adult testis size by regulating Sertoli cell multiplication and differentiation, in addition to specifying germline differentiation and multiplication. Because TGF-β superfamily signaling is integral to testis formation, it affects processes that underlie testicular pathologies, including testicular cancer, and its potential to contribute to subfertility is beginning to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Young
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shoichi Wakitani
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kate L Loveland
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Liu S, Li C, Wang J. Role of Smad signaling in kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2015; 47:1965-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-1115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ting H, Deep G, Jain AK, Cimic A, Sirintrapun J, Romero LM, Cramer SD, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Silibinin prevents prostate cancer cell-mediated differentiation of naïve fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype by targeting TGF β2. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:730-41. [PMID: 24615813 PMCID: PMC4208986 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TM) is an essential element in prostate cancer (PCA), offering unique opportunities for its prevention. TM includes naïve fibroblasts that are recruited by nascent neoplastic lesion and altered into 'cancer-associated fibroblasts' (CAFs) that promote PCA. A better understanding and targeting of interaction between PCA cells and fibroblasts and inhibiting CAF phenotype through non-toxic agents are novel approaches to prevent PCA progression. One well-studied cancer chemopreventive agent is silibinin, and thus, we examined its efficacy against PCA cells-mediated differentiation of naïve fibroblasts into a myofibroblastic-phenotype similar to that found in CAFs. Silibinin's direct inhibitory effect on the phenotype of CAFs derived directly from PCA patients was also assessed. Human prostate stromal cells (PrSCs) exposed to control conditioned media (CCM) from human PCA PC3 cells showed more invasiveness, with increased alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin expression, and differentiation into a phenotype we identified in CAFs. Importantly, silibinin (at physiologically achievable concentrations) inhibited α-SMA expression and invasiveness in differentiated fibroblasts and prostate CAFs directly, as well as indirectly by targeting PCA cells. The observed increase in α-SMA and CAF-like phenotype was transforming growth factor (TGF) β2 dependent, which was strongly inhibited by silibinin. Furthermore, induction of α-SMA and CAF phenotype by CCM were also strongly inhibited by a TGFβ2-neutralizing antibody. The inhibitory effect of silibinin on TGFβ2 expression and CAF-like biomarkers was also observed in PC3 tumors. Together, these findings highlight the potential usefulness of silibinin in PCA prevention through targeting the CAF phenotype in the prostate TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Ting
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Anil K. Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Adela Cimic
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Joseph Sirintrapun
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Lina M. Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Scott D. Cramer
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC
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Ge J, Apicella M, Mills JA, Garçon L, French DL, Weiss MJ, Bessler M, Mason PJ. Dysregulation of the Transforming Growth Factor β Pathway in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generated from Patients with Diamond Blackfan Anemia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134878. [PMID: 26258650 PMCID: PMC4530889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome with clinical features of red cell aplasia and variable developmental abnormalities. Most affected patients have heterozygous loss of function mutations in ribosomal protein genes but the pathogenic mechanism is still unknown. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells from DBA patients carrying RPS19 or RPL5 mutations. Transcriptome analysis revealed the striking dysregulation of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway in DBA lines. Expression of TGFβ target genes, such as TGFBI, BAMBI, COL3A1 and SERPINE1 was significantly increased in the DBA iPSCs. We quantified intermediates in canonical and non-canonical TGFβ pathways and observed a significant increase in the levels of the non-canonical pathway mediator p-JNK in the DBA iPSCs. Moreover, when the mutant cells were corrected by ectopic expression of WT RPS19 or RPL5, levels of p-JNK returned to normal. Surprisingly, nuclear levels of SMAD4, a mediator of canonical TGFβ signaling, were decreased in DBA cells due to increased proteolytic turnover. We also observed the up-regulation of TGFβ1R, TGFβ2, CDKN1A and SERPINE1 mRNA, and the significant decrease of GATA1 mRNA in the primitive multilineage progenitors. In summary our observations identify for the first time a dysregulation of the TGFβ pathway in the pathobiology of DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Ge
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marisa Apicella
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jason A. Mills
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Loïc Garçon
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S938, and Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Deborah L. French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mitchell J. Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Monica Bessler
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Philip J. Mason
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Zhao JX, Liu XD, Zhang JX, Y W, Li HQ. Effect of different dietary energy on collagen accumulation in skeletal muscle of ram lambs1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:4200-10. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Emori M, Tsukahara T, Murata K, Sugita S, Sonoda T, Kaya M, Soma T, Sasaki M, Nagoya S, Hasegawa T, Wada T, Sato N, Yamashita T. Prognostic impact of CD109 expression in myxofibrosarcoma. J Surg Oncol 2015; 111:975-9. [PMID: 26031650 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD109, a TGF-β co-receptor, is reported to be preferentially expressed during the early stages of tumorigenesis in several carcinoma types. Myxofibrosarcoma is one of the most common soft-tissue sarcomas found in elderly patients. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of CD109 expression in myxofibrosarcoma on prognosis and recurrence. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining for CD109 was performed on archival specimens from 37 patients. The Fisher exact test was used to evaluate association between CD109 expression and other clinicopathological features. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves, and the prognostic significance was evaluated using the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis of factors was performed using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS CD109 overexpression was significantly associated with surgical stage and distant metastasis (P = 0.00499, and 0.011, respectively). The frequency of CD109 overexpression was approximately 10% and CD109 overexpression was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (P = 0.004). Five-year overall survival rates 77% and 0% for CD109-negative and CD109-positive patients, respectively. In multivariate analysis, CD109 overexpression was the only independent risk factor for poor outcome (P = 0.02; hazard ratio, 10.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.47-76.91). CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemical CD109 expression in myxofibrosarcoma was associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Emori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Murata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sugita
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sonoda
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Soma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mikito Sasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagoya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takuro Wada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saiseikai Otaru Hospital, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Morettin A, Baldwin RM, Cote J. Arginine methyltransferases as novel therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:177-89. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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