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Vanderniet JA, Szymczuk V, Högler W, Beck-Nielsen SS, Uday S, Merchant N, Crane JL, Ward LM, Boyce AM, Munns CF. Management of RANKL-mediated Disorders With Denosumab in Children and Adolescents: A Global Expert Guidance Document. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1371-1382. [PMID: 38041865 PMCID: PMC11031248 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Denosumab is an effective treatment for many receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-mediated disorders but there are potential safety considerations and limited data to guide its use in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE This document seeks to summarize the evidence and provide expert opinion on safe and appropriate use of denosumab in pediatric RANKL-mediated disorders. PARTICIPANTS Ten experts in pediatric bone and mineral medicine from 6 countries with experience in the use of denosumab participated in the creation of this document. EVIDENCE Data were sourced from the published literature, primarily consisting of case reports/series and review articles because of the lack of higher level evidence. Expert opinion of the authors was used substantially when no published data were available. CONCLUSION Denosumab is an effective treatment for RANKL-mediated disorders in children and adolescents but is often not curative and, in some cases, is best used in conjunction with surgical or other medical treatments. Careful multidisciplinary planning is required to define the goals of treatment and expert oversight needed to manage the risk of mineral abnormalities. Substantive, collaborative research efforts are needed to determine optimal treatment regimens and minimize risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Vanderniet
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Vivian Szymczuk
- Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4020, Austria
| | - Signe S Beck-Nielsen
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Suma Uday
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Nadia Merchant
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Janet L Crane
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Leanne M Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa and Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Alison M Boyce
- Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Craig F Munns
- Child Health Research Centre and Mayne Academy of Paediatrics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
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Loscalzo E, See J, Bharill S, Yousefzadeh N, Gough E, Wu M, Crane JL. Growth hormone and testosterone delay vertebral fractures in boys with muscular dystrophy on chronic glucocorticoids. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:327-338. [PMID: 37872346 PMCID: PMC10837224 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid use in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy prolongs ambulation but cause significant skeletal toxicity. Our analysis has immediate clinical implications, suggesting that growth hormone and testosterone have a stronger effect prior to first and subsequent vertebral fracture, respectively, relative to bisphosphonates alone in children with dystrophinopathies on chronic glucocorticoids. PURPOSE Glucocorticoids prolong ambulation in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy; however, they have significant endocrine side effects. We assessed the impact of growth hormone (GH), testosterone, and/or zoledronic acid (ZA) on vertebral fracture (VF) incidence in patients with dystrophinopathies on chronic glucocorticoids. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal retrospective review of 27 males with muscular dystrophy. Accelerated failure time (AFT) models were used to estimate the relative time to VF while on GH, testosterone, and/or ZA compared to ZA alone. Results are reported as failure time ratio, where >1 indicates prolonged time versus <1 indicates shorter time to next VF. RESULTS The prevalence of growth impairment was 96% (52% utilized GH), pubertal delay was 86% (72% utilized testosterone), and low trauma fractures were 87% (72% utilized ZA). Multivariable analysis of the AFT models showed that participants on either GH or testosterone treatment relative to ZA alone experienced prolonged time to next VF (1.253, P<0.001), with GH being the significant contributor when analyzed independently from testosterone (1.229, P<0.001). Use of ZA with GH or testosterone relative to ZA alone resulted in prolonged time to next VF (1.171, P<0.001), with testosterone being a significant contributor (1.130, P=0.033). CONCLUSION GH and testosterone each decreased VF risk in patients independent of or in combination with ZA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emely Loscalzo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Julia See
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sonum Bharill
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nazanin Yousefzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ethan Gough
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Malinda Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Janet L Crane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Kang M, Wu M, Crane JL. Asfotase alfa improved skeletal mineralization and fracture healing in a child with MCAHS. Bone 2023; 172:116778. [PMID: 37088336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) is an enzyme that is tethered to the cell membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) and converts inorganic pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate. Inorganic phosphate combines with calcium to form hydroxyapatite, the main mineral in the skeleton. When TNSALP is defective, conversion of inorganic pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate is impaired and the skeleton is at risk of under-mineralization. Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class N (PIGN) is one of >20 genes in in the GPI-biosynthesis family. Pathogenic variants in PIGN have been identified in multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome (OMIM 614080), although a metabolic bone disease or skeletal fragility phenotype has not been reported. We describe a female child with multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome due to a compound heterozygous pathogenic variant in PIGN who sustained a low-trauma distal femur fracture at age 7.4 years. We hypothesized that the GPI synthesis defect may result in metabolic bone disease from inadequate anchoring of TNSALP in bone and initiated asfotase alfa, a human bone-targeted recombinant TNSALP-Fc-deca-aspartate peptide, as it could bypass the PIGN genetic defect that possibly caused her skeletal fragility. Asfotase alfa was begun at 8.5 years. Baseline X-rays revealed mild rachitic findings of wrists and knees, which resolved by 5 months of treatment. Bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) showed mild improvement in spine, hip and total body less head after 16 months of treatment, while radius declined. She sustained additional low trauma fractures at right tibia and left humeral neck at 11 and 15 months into treatment, which healed quickly. Calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone levels have remained within the normal range over the 18 months of treatment. For adverse effect, she experienced a rash and discomfort in the first week of treatment which resolved with ibuprofen and diphenhydramine. She also developed subcutaneous fat atrophy. Overall, in this child with a compound pathogenic variant in PIGN, off-label use of asfotase alfa has been generally well tolerated with minimal side effects and resolution of rickets, but she continues to remain skeletally fragile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Malinda Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janet L Crane
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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McDaniel CG, Adams DM, Steele KE, Hammill AM, Merrow AC, Crane JL, Smith CL, Kozakewich HPW, Le Cras TD. Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30219. [PMID: 36683202 PMCID: PMC10018800 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA) is a life-threatening rare disease that can cause substantial morbidity, mortality, and social burdens for patients and their families. Diagnosis often occurs long after initial symptoms, and there are few centers in the world with the expertise to diagnose and care for patients with the disease. KLA is a lymphatic anomaly and significant advancements have been made in understanding its pathogenesis and etiology since its first description in 2014. This review provides multidisciplinary, comprehensive, and state-of-the-art information on KLA patient presentation, diagnostic imaging, pathology, organ involvement, genetics, and pathogenesis. Finally, we describe current therapeutic approaches, important areas for research, and challenges faced by patients and their families. Further insights into the pathogenesis of KLA may advance our understanding of other vascular anomalies given that similar signaling pathways may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise M. Adams
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberley E. Steele
- Collaborative Research Advocacy for Vascular Anomalies
Network (CaRAVAN), a 501(C)(3)
| | - Adrienne M. Hammill
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati,
Ohio
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - A. Carl Merrow
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati,
Ohio
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Janet L. Crane
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore,
Maryland
| | | | | | - Timothy D. Le Cras
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati,
Ohio
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio
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5
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Crous PW, Boers J, Holdom D, Osieck ER, Steinrucken TV, Tan YP, Vitelli JS, Shivas RG, Barrett M, Boxshall AG, Broadbridge J, Larsson E, Lebel T, Pinruan U, Sommai S, Alvarado P, Bonito G, Decock CA, De la Peña-Lastra S, Delgado G, Houbraken J, Maciá-Vicente JG, Raja HA, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez A, Wingfield MJ, Adams SJ, Akulov A, Al-Hidmi T, Antonín V, Arauzo S, Arenas F, Armada F, Aylward J, Bellanger JM, Berraf-Tebbal A, Bidaud A, Boccardo F, Cabero J, Calledda F, Corriol G, Crane JL, Dearnaley JDW, Dima B, Dovana F, Eichmeier A, Esteve-Raventós F, Fine M, Ganzert L, García D, Torres-Garcia D, Gené J, Gutiérrez A, Iglesias P, Istel Ł, Jangsantear P, Jansen GM, Jeppson M, Karun NC, Karich A, Khamsuntorn P, Kokkonen K, Kolařík M, Kubátová A, Labuda R, Lagashetti AC, Lifshitz N, Linde C, Loizides M, Luangsa-Ard JJ, Lueangjaroenkit P, Mahadevakumar S, Mahamedi AE, Malloch DW, Marincowitz S, Mateos A, Moreau PA, Miller AN, Molia A, Morte A, Navarro-Ródenas A, Nebesářová J, Nigrone E, Nuthan BR, Oberlies NH, Pepori AL, Rämä T, Rapley D, Reschke K, Robicheau BM, Roets F, Roux J, Saavedra M, Sakolrak B, Santini A, Ševčíková H, Singh PN, Singh SK, Somrithipol S, Spetik M, Sridhar KR, Starink-Willemse M, Taylor VA, van Iperen AL, Vauras J, Walker AK, Wingfield BD, Yarden O, Cooke AW, Manners AG, Pegg KG, Groenewald JZ. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1383-1435. Persoonia 2022; 48:261-371. [PMID: 38234686 PMCID: PMC10792288 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.48.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Agaricus albofoetidus, Agaricus aureoelephanti and Agaricus parviumbrus on soil, Fusarium ramsdenii from stem cankers of Araucaria cunninghamii, Keissleriella sporoboli from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Leptosphaerulina queenslandica and Pestalotiopsis chiaroscuro from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Serendipita petricolae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus petricola, Stagonospora tauntonensis from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Teratosphaeria carnegiei from leaves of Eucalyptus grandis × E. camaldulensis and Wongia ficherai from roots of Eragrostis curvula. Canada, Lulworthia fundyensis from intertidal wood and Newbrunswickomyces abietophilus (incl. Newbrunswickomyces gen. nov.) on buds of Abies balsamea. Czech Republic, Geosmithia funiculosa from a bark beetle gallery on Ulmus minor and Neoherpotrichiella juglandicola (incl. Neoherpotrichiella gen. nov.) from wood of Juglans regia. France, Aspergillus rouenensis and Neoacrodontium gallica (incl. Neoacrodontium gen. nov.) from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum feeding on Quercus wood, Endoradiciella communis (incl. Endoradiciella gen. nov.) endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum and Entoloma simulans on soil. India, Amanita konajensis on soil and Keithomyces indicus from soil. Israel, Microascus rothbergiorum from Stylophora pistillata. Italy, Calonarius ligusticus on soil. Netherlands, Appendopyricularia juncicola (incl. Appendopyricularia gen. nov.), Eriospora juncicola and Tetraploa juncicola on dead culms of Juncus effusus, Gonatophragmium physciae on Physcia caesia and Paracosmospora physciae (incl. Paracosmospora gen. nov.) on Physcia tenella, Myrmecridium phragmitigenum on dead culm of Phragmites australis, Neochalara lolae on stems of Pteridium aquilinum, Niesslia nieuwwulvenica on dead culm of undetermined Poaceae, Nothodevriesia narthecii (incl. Nothodevriesia gen. nov.) on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum and Parastenospora pini (incl. Parastenospora gen. nov.) on dead twigs of Pinus sylvestris. Norway, Verticillium bjoernoeyanum from sand grains attached to a piece of driftwood on a sandy beach. Portugal, Collybiopsis cimrmanii on the base of living Quercus ilex and amongst dead leaves of Laurus and herbs. South Africa, Paraproliferophorum hyphaenes (incl. Paraproliferophorum gen. nov.) on living leaves of Hyphaene sp. and Saccothecium widdringtoniae on twigs of Widdringtonia wallichii. Spain, Cortinarius dryosalor on soil, Cyphellophora endoradicis endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum, Geoglossum lauri-silvae on soil, Leptographium gemmatum from fluvial sediments, Physalacria auricularioides from a dead twig of Castanea sativa, Terfezia bertae and Tuber davidlopezii in soil. Sweden, Alpova larskersii, Inocybe alpestris and Inocybe boreogodeyi on soil. Thailand, Russula banwatchanensis, Russula purpureoviridis and Russula lilacina on soil. Ukraine, Nectriella adonidis on overwintered stems of Adonis vernalis. USA, Microcyclus jacquiniae from living leaves of Jacquinia keyensis and Penicillium neoherquei from a minute mushroom sporocarp. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. Citation: Crous PW, Boers J, Holdom D, et al. 2022. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1383-1435. Persoonia 48: 261-371. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.48.08.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J Boers
- Moleneinde 15, 7991 AK, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - D Holdom
- Biosecurity Queensland, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - E R Osieck
- Jkvr. C.M. van Asch van Wijcklaan 19, 3972 ST Driebergen-Rijsenburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Y P Tan
- Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - J S Vitelli
- Biosecurity Queensland, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - R G Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Barrett
- James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - E Larsson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - T Lebel
- State Herbarium of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - U Pinruan
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - S Sommai
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - P Alvarado
- ALVALAB, Dr. Fernando Bongera st., Severo Ochoa bldg. S1.04, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - G Bonito
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - C A Decock
- Mycothèque de l'Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCMTM), Earth and Life Institute - ELIM - Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - G Delgado
- Eurofins EMLab P&K Houston, 10900 Brittmoore Park Dr. Suite G, Houston, Texas 77041, USA
| | - J Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J G Maciá-Vicente
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - H A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA
| | | | - A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S J Adams
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
| | - A Akulov
- Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Maidan Svobody 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - T Al-Hidmi
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - V Antonín
- Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 65937 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Arauzo
- Asociación Micológica Errotari de Durango, Spain
| | - F Arenas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - F Armada
- 203, montée Saint-Mamert-le-Haut, F-38138 Les Côtes-d'Arey, France
| | - J Aylward
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J-M Bellanger
- CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, INSERM, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cédex 5, France
| | - A Berraf-Tebbal
- MENDELEUM - Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - A Bidaud
- 2436, route de Brailles, F-38510 Vézeronce-Curtin, France
| | - F Boccardo
- Via Filippo Bettini 14/11, 16162, Genova, Italy
| | - J Cabero
- C/ El Sol 6. 49800 Toro, Zamora, Spain
| | - F Calledda
- Via 25 aprile, 76, 20051, Cassina De Pecchi (MI), Italy
| | - G Corriol
- National Botanical Conservatory of the Pyrenees and Midi-Pyrenees. Vallon de Salut, BP 70315, 65203 Bagnères-de-Bigorre, France
| | - J L Crane
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - J D W Dearnaley
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - B Dima
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - F Dovana
- Via Quargnento, 17, 15029, Solero (AL), Italy
| | - A Eichmeier
- MENDELEUM - Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - F Esteve-Raventós
- Departemento de Ciencias de la Vida, Botánica, Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares, E28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Fine
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel & Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - L Ganzert
- Marbio, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - D García
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - D Torres-Garcia
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - J Gené
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - A Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - P Iglesias
- Asociación Micológica Errotari de Durango, Spain
| | - Ł Istel
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Jangsantear
- Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak District, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - M Jeppson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - N C Karun
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - A Karich
- TU Dresden, International Institute Zittau, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - P Khamsuntorn
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - K Kokkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, Herbarium, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Kolařík
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kubátová
- Department of Botany, Culture Collection of Fungi (CCF), Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - R Labuda
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health; Unit of Food Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria, and Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria
| | - A C Lagashetti
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - N Lifshitz
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel & Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - C Linde
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - J J Luangsa-Ard
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - P Lueangjaroenkit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Mahadevakumar
- Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; Present Address: Forest Pathology Department, Division of Forest Protection, KSCSTE - Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680653, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - A E Mahamedi
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens (LBSM), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92 16308 Vieux-Kouba, Alger, Algeria
| | - D W Malloch
- New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Ave., Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada E2K 1E5
| | - S Marincowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A Mateos
- Sociedad Micológica Extremeña, C/ Sagitario 14, 10001 Cáceres, Spain
| | - P-A Moreau
- ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Faculté de pharmacie, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A N Miller
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - A Molia
- Alette Iversens gate 5, N-3970 Langesund, Norway
| | - A Morte
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Navarro-Ródenas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J Nebesářová
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - E Nigrone
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, C.N.R. Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto fiorentino, Italy
| | - B R Nuthan
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - N H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA
| | - A L Pepori
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, C.N.R. Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto fiorentino, Italy
| | - T Rämä
- Marbio, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - D Rapley
- Biosecurity Queensland, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - K Reschke
- Mycology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Straße 13, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B M Robicheau
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - F Roets
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - J Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Saavedra
- Asociación "Andoa" de Cambre y componente del "Colectivo Micolóxico Coruñés" de A Coruña, Spain
| | - B Sakolrak
- Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak District, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Santini
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, C.N.R. Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto fiorentino, Italy
| | - H Ševčíková
- Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 65937 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P N Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - S K Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - S Somrithipol
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - M Spetik
- MENDELEUM - Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - K R Sridhar
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - M Starink-Willemse
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V A Taylor
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5849 University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - A L van Iperen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Vauras
- Biological Collections of Åbo Akademi University, Herbarium, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - A K Walker
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
| | - B D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - O Yarden
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel & Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - A W Cooke
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - A G Manners
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - K G Pegg
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Z Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Daneshdoost SM, El Abiad JM, Ruble KJ, Jones LC, Crane JL, Morris CD, Levin AS. Bisphosphonate Therapy for Treating Osteonecrosis in Pediatric Leukemia Patients: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:e365-e370. [PMID: 32324697 PMCID: PMC8572516 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improved outcomes in children with leukemia, complications such as osteonecrosis are common. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the role of bisphosphonates in reducing pain, improving mobility, and stabilizing lesions in pediatric leukemia survivors. METHODS Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Five of 221 articles retrieved met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS Bisphosphonates, especially when combined with dietary calcium and vitamin D supplements and physical therapy (supplements/PT) were associated with improved pain and mobility in 54% and 50% of patients, respectively. A significantly greater proportion of patients treated with bisphosphonates (83%) reported mild/moderate pain or no pain compared with those with supplements/PT alone (36%) (P<0.001). Sixty-six percent of patients treated with bisphosphonates achieved improved/full mobility compared with 27% of those treated with supplements/PT alone (P=0.02). However, 46% of patients showed progressive joint destruction despite bisphosphonate therapy. No adverse events were reported, except for acute phase reactions to intravenous therapies. CONCLUSIONS Bisphosphonates, when combined with supplements/PT, were associated with less pain and improved mobility, but not prevention of joint destruction in pediatric leukemia patients with osteonecrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaz M. Daneshdoost
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Jad M. El Abiad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Kathy J. Ruble
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Lynne C. Jones
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Janet L. Crane
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Carol D. Morris
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Adam S. Levin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287
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7
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Crane JL, Misra M. Editorial: Management of Bone Disorders in Children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:725655. [PMID: 34290674 PMCID: PMC8288073 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.725655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janet L. Crane
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Janet L. Crane, ; Madhusmita Misra,
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Janet L. Crane, ; Madhusmita Misra,
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8
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Hu B, Lv X, Chen H, Xue P, Gao B, Wang X, Zhen G, Crane JL, Pan D, Liu S, Ni S, Wu P, Su W, Liu X, Ling Z, Yang M, Deng R, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Wan M, Shao Z, Chen H, Yuan W, Cao X. Sensory nerves regulate mesenchymal stromal cell lineage commitment by tuning sympathetic tones. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:3483-3498. [PMID: 32191640 PMCID: PMC7324175 DOI: 10.1172/jci131554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensory nerve was recently identified as being involved in regulation of bone mass accrual. We previously discovered that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secreted by osteoblasts could activate sensory nerve EP4 receptor to promote bone formation by inhibiting sympathetic activity. However, the fundamental units of bone formation are active osteoblasts, which originate from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). Here, we found that after sensory denervation, knockout of the EP4 receptor in sensory nerves, or knockout of COX-2 in osteoblasts, could significantly promote adipogenesis and inhibit osteogenesis in adult mice. Furthermore, injection of SW033291 (a small molecule that locally increases the PGE2 level) or propranolol (a beta blocker) significantly promoted osteogenesis and inhibited adipogenesis. This effect of SW033291, but not propranolol, was abolished in conditional EP4-KO mice under normal conditions or in the bone repair process. We conclude that the PGE2/EP4 sensory nerve axis could regulate MSC differentiation in bone marrow of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janet L. Crane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dayu Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuangfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Panfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiping Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zemin Ling
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruoxian Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huajiang Chen
- Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Peng Y, Lv S, Li Y, Zhu J, Chen S, Zhen G, Cao X, Wu S, Crane JL. Glucocorticoids Disrupt Skeletal Angiogenesis Through Transrepression of NF-κB-Mediated Preosteoclast Pdgfb Transcription in Young Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1188-1202. [PMID: 32078184 PMCID: PMC8554682 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the growing skeleton, angiogenesis is intimately coupled with osteogenesis. Chronic, high doses of glucocorticoids (GCs) are associated with decreased bone vasculature and induce osteoporosis and growth failure. The mechanism of GC-suppression of angiogenesis and relationship to osteoporosis and growth retardation remains largely unknown. Type H vessels, which are regulated by preosteoclast (POC) platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), are specifically coupled with bone formation and development. We determined the effect of GCs on POC synthesis of PDGF-BB in relation to type H vessel formation, bone mass, and bone growth in the distal femur of 2-week-old young mice receiving prednisolone or vehicle for 2, 4, or 6 weeks. After 2 weeks of prednisolone, the number of POCs were unchanged while POC synthesis of PDGF-BB was reduced. Longer treatment with prednisolone reduced POCs numbers and PDGF-BB. These changes were associated with a reduction in type H vessels, bone formation rate, bone mass, and bone length at each time point. In vitro, excessive concentrations of prednisolone (10-6 M) resulted in decreased PDGF-BB concentration and POC numbers. Conditioned medium from POC cultures treated with control concentration of prednisolone (10-7 M) or recombinant PDGF-BB stimulated endothelial tube formation, whereas conditioned medium from control concentration of prednisolone-treated POC cultures neutralized by PDGF-BB antibody or excessive prednisolone inhibited endothelial tube formation. Administration of excessive prednisolone attenuated the P65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) binding to the Pdgfb promoter, resulting in lower Pdgfb transcription. Co-treatment with excessive prednisolone and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist (RU486), GR siRNA, or TNFα rescued NF-κB binding to the Pdgfb promoter and endothelial tube formation. These results indicate that PDGF-BB synthesis in POCs is suppressed by GCs through transrepression of GR/NF-κB, thus inhibiting type H vessel formation and associated osteoporosis and growth failure. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shan Lv
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianxi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Janet L Crane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Ferriero K, Shah B, Yan Y, Khatri S, Caccamese J, Napoli JA, Bober MB, Crane JL. Case Report: Safety and Efficacy of Denosumab in Four Children With Noonan Syndrome With Multiple Giant Cell Lesions of the Jaw. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:515. [PMID: 33042901 PMCID: PMC7530181 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the RAS/MAPK pathway. Multiple giant cell lesions are a rare sequelae of disruptions in this pathway, termed Noonan-like multiple giant cell lesions (NL/MGCLs). Medical management of these tumors rather than surgical intervention is preferential as the lesions are benign but locally destructive and recurring. This case series describes four male pediatric patients with Noonan syndrome and multiple giant cell lesions of the jaw treated with denosumab, a monoclonal antibody to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), which has been approved for the treatment of malignant giant cell tumors in adults but not evaluated for safety or efficacy in children. All four pediatric patients responded clinically and radiographically to the treatment. Adverse events occurred in a predictable pattern and included hypocalcemia and joint pain during the initiation of treatment and symptomatic hypercalcemia after the cessation of treatment. Growth was not significantly impaired in these skeletally immature patients. This case series demonstrates how a weight-adjusted denosumab dose can effectively treat NL/MGCLs and provides laboratory data for consideration of the timing of monitoring for known side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Ferriero
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Biraj Shah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, John H. Jr, Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yun Yan
- Division of Endocrinology, Children Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri- Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Surya Khatri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John Caccamese
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joseph A Napoli
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael B Bober
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Orthogenetics, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Janet L Crane
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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11
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Abstract
In the mammalian skeletal system, osteogenesis and angiogenesis are intimately linked during bone growth and regeneration in bone modeling and during bone homeostasis in bone remodeling. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge about the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for coupling angiogenesis and bone formation. Type H vessels, termed such because of high expression of Endomucin (Emcn) and CD31, have recently been identified and have the ability to induce bone formation. Factors including platelet-derived growth factor type BB (PDGF-BB), slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), Notch, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are involved in the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This review summarizes the current understanding of signaling pathways that regulate type H vessels and how type H vessels modulate osteogenesis. Further studies dissecting the regulation and function of type H vessels will provide new insights into the role of bone vasculature in the metabolism of the skeleton. We also discuss considerations for therapeutic approaches targeting type H vessels to promote fracture healing, prevent pathological bone loss, osteonecrosis, osteoarthritis, and bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 41000, China
| | - Janet L. Crane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Yang P, Lv S, Wang Y, Peng Y, Ye Z, Xia Z, Ding G, Cao X, Crane JL. Preservation of type H vessels and osteoblasts by enhanced preosteoclast platelet-derived growth factor type BB attenuates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in growing mice. Bone 2018; 114:1-13. [PMID: 29800693 PMCID: PMC6309783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Survival of chronic diseases in childhood is often achieved utilizing glucocorticoids, but comes with significant side effects, including glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). Knowledge of the mechanism of GIO is limited to the adult skeleton. We explored the effect of genetic loss and inhibition of cathepsin K (Ctsk) as a potential treatment target in a young GIO mouse model as genetic loss of cathepsin K results in a mild form of osteopetrosis secondary to impaired osteoclast bone resorption with maintenance of bone formation. We first characterized the temporal osteoclast and osteoblast progenitor populations in Ctsk-/- and wild type (WT) mice in the primary and secondary spongiosa, as sites representative of trabecular bone modeling and remodeling, respectively. In the primary spongiosa, Ctsk-/- mice had decreased numbers of osteoclasts at young ages (2 and 4 weeks) and increased osteoblast lineage cells at later age (8 weeks) relative to WT littermates. In the secondary spongiosa, Ctsk-/- mice had greater numbers of osteoclasts and osteoblast lineage cells relative to WT littermates. We next developed a young GIO mouse model with prednisolone 10 mg/m2/day injected intraperitoneally daily from 2 through 6 weeks of age. Overall, WT-prednisolone mice had lower bone volume per tissue volume, whereas Ctsk-/--prednisolone mice maintained a similar bone volume relative to Ctsk-/--vehicle controls. WT-prednisolone mice exhibited a decreased number of osteoclasts, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and platelet-derived growth factor type BB (PDGF-BB) co-positive cells, type H endothelial cells, and osteoblasts relative to WT-vehicle mice in both the primary and secondary spongiosa. Interestingly, Ctsk-/--prednisolone mice demonstrated a paradoxical response with increased numbers of all parameters in primary spongiosa and no change in secondary spongiosa. Finally, treatment with a cathepsin K inhibitor prevented WT-prednisolone decline in osteoclasts, osteoblasts, type H vessels, and bone volume. These data demonstrate that cells in the primary and secondary spongiosa respond differently to glucocorticoids and genetic manipulation. Inhibition of osteoclast resorption that preserves osteoclast coupling factors, such as through inhibition of cathepsin K, may be a potential preventive treatment strategy against GIO in the growing skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832008, China
| | - Shan Lv
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Endocrinology Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zixing Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuying Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guoxian Ding
- Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janet L Crane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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13
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Akhtar Y, Verardo A, Crane JL. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 presenting with concurrent insulinoma and prolactinoma in early-adolescence. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2018; 2018:7. [PMID: 30127804 PMCID: PMC6091168 DOI: 10.1186/s13633-018-0061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant disease that generally presents with primary hyperparathyroidism. However, initial presentation may vary and continued reevaluation of etiology of symptoms is required for appropriate diagnosis. Case Presentation Twelve year old female presented with altered mental status that self-resolved and hypoglycemia. Laboratory evaluation revealed pituitary dysfunction with central hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency in the setting of hyperprolactinemia. Macroadenoma was confirmed on imaging. Despite medical treatment of pituitary hormone disorders, she continued to have significant hypoglycemia and further workup revealed hyperinsulinism. Insulinoma was identified and confirmed by endoscopic ultrasound. Hypoglycemia resolved after laproscopic enucleation of the insulinoma. Conclusion Children presenting with one endocrine tumor should be investigated for other potential endocrine tumors. Multiple imaging modalities may be required to confidently identify neuroendocrine tumors for appropriate surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Akhtar
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N Wolfe St, Rm 3120, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Angela Verardo
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N Wolfe St, Rm 3120, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Janet L Crane
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N Wolfe St, Rm 3120, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
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14
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Xu X, Zheng L, Yuan Q, Zhen G, Crane JL, Zhou X, Cao X. Transforming growth factor-β in stem cells and tissue homeostasis. Bone Res 2018; 6:2. [PMID: 29423331 PMCID: PMC5802812 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-017-0005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β 1-3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The biological functions of TGF-β in adults can only be delivered after ligand activation, mostly in response to environmental perturbations. Although involved in multiple biological and pathological processes of the human body, the exact roles of TGF-β in maintaining stem cells and tissue homeostasis have not been well-documented until recent advances, which delineate their functions in a given context. Our recent findings, along with data reported by others, have clearly shown that temporal and spatial activation of TGF-β is involved in the recruitment of stem/progenitor cell participation in tissue regeneration/remodeling process, whereas sustained abnormalities in TGF-β ligand activation, regardless of genetic or environmental origin, will inevitably disrupt the normal physiology and lead to pathobiology of major diseases. Modulation of TGF-β signaling with different approaches has proven effective pre-clinically in the treatment of multiple pathologies such as sclerosis/fibrosis, tumor metastasis, osteoarthritis, and immune disorders. Thus, further elucidation of the mechanisms by which TGF-β is activated in different tissues/organs and how targeted cells respond in a context-dependent way can likely be translated with clinical benefits in the management of a broad range of diseases with the involvement of TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Janet L. Crane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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15
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Li C, Chai Y, Wang L, Gao B, Chen H, Gao P, Zhou FQ, Luo X, Crane JL, Yu B, Cao X, Wan M. Programmed cell senescence in skeleton during late puberty. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1312. [PMID: 29101351 PMCID: PMC5670205 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) undergo rapid self-renewal and differentiation, contributing to fast skeletal growth during childhood and puberty. It remains unclear whether these cells change their properties during late puberty to young adulthood, when bone growth and accrual decelerate. Here we show that MSPCs in primary spongiosa of long bone in mice at late puberty undergo normal programmed senescence, characterized by loss of nestin expression. MSPC senescence is epigenetically controlled by the polycomb histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2) and its trimethylation of histone H3 on Lysine 27 (H3K27me3) mark. Ezh2 maintains the repression of key cell senescence inducer genes through H3K27me3, and deletion of Ezh2 in early pubertal mice results in premature cellular senescence, depleted MSPCs pool, and impaired osteogenesis as well as osteoporosis in later life. Our data reveals a programmed cell fate change in postnatal skeleton and unravels a regulatory mechanism underlying this phenomenon. Mesenchymal stem cells are essential for bone development, but it is unclear if their activity is maintained after late puberty, when bone growth decelerates. The authors show that during late puberty in mice, these cells undergo senescence under the epigenetic control of Ezh2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yu Chai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Peisong Gao
- Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Feng-Quan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Janet L Crane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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16
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Bian Q, Jain A, Xu X, Kebaish K, Crane JL, Zhang Z, Wan M, Ma L, Riley LH, Sponseller PD, Guo XE, Lu WW, Wang Y, Cao X. Excessive Activation of TGFβ by Spinal Instability Causes Vertebral Endplate Sclerosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27093. [PMID: 27256073 PMCID: PMC4891769 DOI: 10.1038/srep27093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Narrowed intervertebral disc (IVD) space is a characteristic of IVD degeneration. EP sclerosis is associated with IVD, however the pathogenesis of EP hypertrophy is poorly understood. Here, we employed two spine instability mouse models to investigate temporal and spatial EP changes associated with IVD volume, considering them as a functional unit. We found that aberrant mechanical loading leads to accelerated ossification and hypertrophy of EP, decreased IVD volume and increased activation of TGFβ. Overexpression of active TGFβ in CED mice showed a similar phenotype of spine instability model. Administration of TGFβ Receptor I inhibitor attenuates pathologic changes of EP and prevents IVD narrowing. The aberrant activation of TGFβ resulting in EPs hypertrophy-induced IVD space narrowing provides a pharmacologic target that could have therapeutic potential to delay DDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Bian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Institute of Spine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Amit Jain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Khaled Kebaish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Janet L Crane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lee H Riley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Paul D Sponseller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - X Edward Guo
- Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Willian Weijia Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Institute of Spine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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17
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Abstract
TGF-β signaling plays a key role in the temporal and spatial regulation of bone remodeling. During osteoclast bone resorption, TGF-β is released from the bone matrix and activated. Active TGF-β recruits mesenchymal stem cells to the bone resorption pit through the SMAD signaling pathway. Mesenchymal stem cells undergo osteoblast differentiation and deposit new bone filling in the resorption pit and maintaining the structural integrity of the skeleton. Thus, TGF-β signaling plays a key role in the coupling process and disruptions to the TGF-β signaling pathway lead to loss of skeletal integrity. This chapter describes methods on how to quantitate bone matrix TGF-β and assess its role in mesenchymal stem cell migration both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Crane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lingling Xian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Building, Room 231, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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18
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Xu X, Zheng L, Bian Q, Xie L, Liu W, Zhen G, Crane JL, Zhou X, Cao X. Aberrant Activation of TGF-β in Subchondral Bone at the Onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis Joint Destruction. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:2033-43. [PMID: 25967237 PMCID: PMC4809636 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that often leads to joint destruction. A myriad of drugs targeting the immune abnormalities and downstream inflammatory cascades have been developed, but the joint destruction is not effectively halted. Here we report that aberrant activation of TGF-β in the subchondral bone marrow by immune response increases osteoprogenitors and uncoupled bone resorption and formation in RA mouse/rat models. Importantly, either systemic or local blockade of TGF-β activity in the subchondral bone attenuated articular cartilage degeneration in RA. Moreover, conditional deletion of TGF-β receptor II (Tgfbr2) in nestin-positive cells also effectively halted progression of RA joint destruction. Our data demonstrate that aberrant activation of TGF-β in the subchondral bone is involved at the onset of RA joint cartilage degeneration. Thus, modulation of subchondral bone TGF-β activity could be a potential therapy for RA joint destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qin Bian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute of Spine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wenlong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janet L Crane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Abstract
During bone resorption, abundant factors previously buried in the bone matrix are released into the bone marrow microenvironment, which results in recruitment and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for subsequent bone formation, temporally and spatially coupling bone remodeling. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) orchestrates the signaling of many pathways that direct MSC fate. The spatiotemporal release and activation of matrix TGF-β during osteoclast bone resorption recruits MSCs to bone-resorptive sites. Dysregulation of TGF-β alters MSC fate, uncoupling bone remodeling and causing skeletal disorders. Modulation of TGF-β or PTH signaling may reestablish coupled bone remodeling and be a potential therapy.
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20
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Li C, Xing Q, Yu B, Xie H, Wang W, Shi C, Crane JL, Cao X, Wan M. Disruption of LRP6 in osteoblasts blunts the bone anabolic activity of PTH. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:2094-108. [PMID: 23609180 PMCID: PMC3787713 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) are associated with human skeletal disorders. LRP6 is required for parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated signaling pathways in osteoblasts. We investigated whether LRP6 in osteoblasts directly regulates bone remodeling and mediates the bone anabolic effects of PTH by specifically deleting LRP6 in mature osteoblasts in mice (LRP6 KO). Three-month-old LRP6 KO mice had a significant reduction in bone mass in the femora secondary spongiosa relative to their wild-type littermates, whereas marginal changes were found in femoral tissue of 1-month-old LRP6 KO mice. The remodeling area of the 3-month-old LRP6 KO mice showed a decreased bone formation rate as detected by Goldner's Trichrome staining and calcein double labeling. Bone histomorphometric and immumohistochemical analysis revealed a reduction in osteoblasts but little change in the numbers of osteoclasts and osteoprogenitors/osteoblast precursors in LRP6 KO mice compared with wild-type littermates. In addition, the percentage of the apoptotic osteoblasts on the bone surface was higher in LRP6 KO mice compared with wild-type littermates. Intermittent injection of PTH had no effect on bone mass or osteoblastic bone formation in either trabecular and cortical bone in LRP6 KO mice, whereas all were enhanced in wild-type littermates. Additionally, the anti-apoptotic effect of PTH on osteoblasts in LRP6 KO mice was less significant compared with wild-type mice. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that LRP6 in osteoblasts is essential for osteoblastic differentiation during bone remodeling and the anabolic effects of PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Shihezi Medical Collage, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
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21
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Crane JL, Cao X. Function of matrix IGF-1 in coupling bone resorption and formation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 92:107-15. [PMID: 24068256 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Balancing bone resorption and formation is the quintessential component for the prevention of osteoporosis. Signals that determine the recruitment, replication, differentiation, function, and apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteoclasts direct bone remodeling and determine whether bone tissue is gained, lost, or balanced. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathways involved in the coupling process will help develop further targets for osteoporosis therapy, by blocking bone resorption or enhancing bone formation in a space- and time-dependent manner. Insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) has long been known to play a role in bone strength. It is one of the most abundant substances in the bone matrix, circulates systemically and is secreted locally, and has a direct relationship with bone mineral density. Recent data has helped further our understanding of the direct role of IGF-1 signaling in coupling bone remodeling which will be discussed in this review. The bone marrow microenvironment plays a critical role in the fate of mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells and thus how IGF-1 interacts with other factors in the microenvironment are equally important. While previous clinical trials with IGF-1 administration have been unsuccessful at enhancing bone formation, advances in basic science studies have provided insight into further mechanisms that should be considered for future trials. Additional basic science studies dissecting the regulation and the function of matrix IGF-1 in modeling and remodeling will continue to provide further insight for future directions for anabolic therapies for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Crane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Building, Room 229, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA,
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22
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Crane JL, Zhao L, Frye JS, Xian L, Qiu T, Cao X. IGF-1 Signaling is Essential for Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Peak Bone Mass. Bone Res 2013; 1:186-94. [PMID: 26273502 DOI: 10.4248/br201302007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival of children with chronic medical illnesses is leading to an increase in secondary osteoporosis due to impaired peak bone mass (PBM). Insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) levels correlate with the pattern of bone mass accrual and many chronic illnesses are associated with low IGF-1 levels. Reduced serum levels of IGF-1 minimally affect the integrity of the skeleton, whereas recent studies suggest that skeletal IGF-I regulates PBM. To determine the role of IGF-1 in postnatal bone mass accrual regardless of source, we established an inducible type 1 Igf receptor Cre/lox knockout mouse model, in which the type 1 Igf receptor was deleted inducibely in the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from 3-7 weeks of age. The size of the mouse was not affected as knockout and wild type mice had similar body weights and nasoanal and femoral lengths. However, bone volume and trabecular bone thickness were decreased in the secondary spongiosa of female knockout mice relative to wild type controls, indicating that IGF-1 is critical for bone mass. IGF-1 signaling in MSCs in vitro has been implicated to be involved in both migration to the bone surface and differentiation into bone forming osteoblasts. To clarify the exact role of IGF-1 in bone, we found by immunohistochemical analysis that a similar number of Osterix-positive osteoprogenitors were on the bone perimeter, indicating migration of MSCs was not affected. Most importantly, 56% fewer osteocalcin-positive mature osteoblasts were present on the bone perimeter in the secondary spongiosa in knockout mice versus wild type littermates. These in vivo data demonstrate that the primary role of skeletal IGF-1 is for the terminal differentiation of osteoprogenitors, but refute the role of IGF-1 in MSC migration in vivo. Additionally, these findings confirm that impaired IGF-1 signaling in bone MSCs is sufficient to impair bone mass acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Crane
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 21205, USA ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore. MD 21205, USA
| | - Luo Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing. 100730, P.R. China
| | - Joseph S Frye
- University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lingling Xian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore. MD 21205, USA
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore. MD 21205, USA
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore. MD 21205, USA
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23
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Zhen G, Wen C, Jia X, Li Y, Crane JL, Mears SC, Askin FB, Frassica FJ, Chang W, Yao J, Carrino JA, Cosgarea A, Artemov D, Chen Q, Zhao Z, Zhou X, Riley L, Sponseller P, Wan M, Lu WW, Cao X. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling in mesenchymal stem cells of subchondral bone attenuates osteoarthritis. Nat Med 2013; 19:704-12. [PMID: 23685840 PMCID: PMC3676689 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 696] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent and debilitating joint disorder. There is no effective medical therapy for osteoarthritis due to limited understanding of osteoarthritis pathogenesis. We show that TGF–β1 is activated in the subchondral bone in response to altered mechanical loading in an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) osteoarthritis mouse model. TGF–β1 concentrations also increased in human osteoarthritis subchondral bone. High concentrations of TGF–β1 induced formation of nestin+ mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) clusters leading to aberrant bone formation accompanied by increased angiogenesis. Transgenic expression of active TGF–β1 in osteoblastic cells induced osteoarthritis. Inhibition of TGF–β activity in subchondral bone attenuated degeneration of osteoarthritis articular cartilage. Notably, knockout of the TGF–β type II receptor (TβRII) in nestin+ MSCs reduced development of osteoarthritis in ACLT mice. Thus, high concentrations of active TGF–β1 in the subchondral bone initiated the pathological changes of osteoarthritis, inhibition of which could be a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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24
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Abstract
Ceriospora caudae-suis and Submersisphaeria aquatica, two freshwater pyrenomycetes reported infrequently since their original description, occur commonly on submerged woody debris in the USA. Based on analyses of 28S rDNA sequence data and morphology, both species belong in the Annulatascaceae. Ceriospora caudae-suis is transferred to Pseudoproboscispora, a genus in the Annulatascaceae with similar overall morphology and ecology. Submersisphaeria aquatica is redescribed and illustrated based on additional collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinx Campbell
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 265 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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25
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Crane JL, Shamblott MJ, Axelman J, Hsu S, Levine MA, Germain-Lee EL. Imprinting status of Galpha(s), NESP55, and XLalphas in cell cultures derived from human embryonic germ cells: GNAS imprinting in human embryonic germ cells. Clin Transl Sci 2010; 2:355-60. [PMID: 20443919 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2009.00148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
GNAS is a complex gene that through use of alternative first exons encodes signaling proteins Galpha(s) and XLalphas plus neurosecretory protein NESP55. Tissue-specific expression of these proteins is regulated through reciprocal genomic imprinting in fully differentiated and developed tissue. Mutations in GNAS account for several human disorders, including McCune-Albright syndrome and Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, and further knowledge of GNAS imprinting may provide insights into variable phenotypes of these disorders. We therefore analyzed expression of Galpha(s), NESP55, and XLalphas prior to tissue differentiation in cell cultures derived from human primordia germ cells. We found that the expression of Galpha(s) was biallelic (maternal allele: 52.6%+/- 2.5%; paternal allele: 47.2%+/- 2.5%; p= 0.07), whereas NESP55 was expressed preferentially from the maternal allele (maternal allele: 81.9%+/- 10%; paternal allele: 18.1%+/- 10%; p= 0.002) and XLalphas was preferentially expressed from the paternal allele (maternal allele: 2.7%+/- 0.3%; paternal allele: 97.3%+/- 0.3%; p= 0.007). These results demonstrate that imprinting of NESP55 occurs very early in development, although complete imprinting appears to take place later than 5-11 weeks postfertilization, and that imprinting of XLalphas occurs very early postfertilization. By contrast, imprinting of Galpha(s) most likely occurs after 11 weeks postfertilization and after tissue differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Crane
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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26
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Abstract
Torula glutinosa, a sooty mold on living leaves and stems of Eriodictyon spp. from California is illustrated and described. It shares, with the type species of Heteroconium, H. citharexyli, acropetal conidiogenesis of chains of conidia of variable length and acropetal transseptation. An unnamed synanamorph is recognized and described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Hughes
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario
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27
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Germain-Lee EL, Schwindinger W, Crane JL, Zewdu R, Zweifel LS, Wand G, Huso DL, Saji M, Ringel MD, Levine MA. A mouse model of albright hereditary osteodystrophy generated by targeted disruption of exon 1 of the Gnas gene. Endocrinology 2005; 146:4697-709. [PMID: 16099856 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Albright hereditary osteodystrophy is caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in GNAS, a gene that encodes not only the alpha-chain of Gs (Galphas), but also NESP55 and XLalphas through use of alternative first exons. Patients with GNAS mutations on maternally inherited alleles are resistant to multiple hormones such as PTH, TSH, LH/FSH, GHRH, and glucagon, whose receptors are coupled to Gs. This variant of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy is termed pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a and is due to presumed tissue-specific paternal imprinting of Galphas. Previous studies have shown that mice heterozygous for a targeted disruption of exon 2 of Gnas, the murine homolog of GNAS, showed unique phenotypes dependent on the parent of origin of the mutated allele. However, hormone resistance occurred only when the disrupted gene was maternally inherited. Because disruption of exon 2 is predicted to inactivate Galphas as well as NESP55 and XLalphas, we created transgenic mice with disruption of exon 1 to investigate the effects of isolated loss of Galphas. Heterozygous mice that inherited the disruption maternally (-m/+) exhibited PTH and TSH resistance, whereas those with paternal inheritance (+/-p) had normal hormone responsiveness. Heterozygous mice were shorter and, when the disrupted allele was inherited maternally, weighed more than wild-type littermates. Galphas protein and mRNA expression was consistent with paternal imprinting in the renal cortex and thyroid, but there was no imprinting in renal medulla, heart, or adipose. These findings confirm the tissue-specific paternal imprinting of GNAS and demonstrate that Galphas deficiency alone is sufficient to account for the hormone resistance of pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Germain-Lee
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Park Building, Suite 211, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-2520, USA.
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Germain-Lee EL, Groman J, Crane JL, Jan de Beur SM, Levine MA. Growth hormone deficiency in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a: another manifestation of multihormone resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:4059-69. [PMID: 12970262 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is a genetic disorder caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in GNAS1, the gene encoding the alpha-chain of G(s), and is associated with short stature, obesity, brachydactyly, and sc ossifications. AHO patients with GNAS1 mutations on maternally inherited alleles also manifest resistance to multiple hormones (e.g. PTH, TSH, LH, FSH), a variant termed pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type 1a, due to paternal imprinting of G alpha(s) transcripts in specific tissues. Recent evidence has shown that G alpha(s) transcripts are also imprinted in the pituitary somatotrophs that secrete GH. Because this imprinting could influence GHRH-dependent stimulation of somatotrophs, we hypothesized that maternally inherited GNAS1 mutations would impair GH secretion. We studied GH status in 13 subjects with PHP type 1a. GH responses to arginine/L-dopa and arginine/GHRH were deficient in nine subjects, all of whom were obese and had low serum concentrations of IGF-I. By contrast, none of the four GH-sufficient subjects were obese, and all had normal IGF-I levels. Our data indicate that GH deficiency is common (69%) in PHP type 1a and may contribute to the obesity and short stature typical of AHO. We propose that GH status be evaluated in all patients with PHP type 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Germain-Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and the Ilyssa Center for Molecular Endocrinology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
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Peterson GS, Axler RP, Lodge KB, Schuldt JA, Crane JL. Evaluation of a fluorometric screening method for predicting total PAH concentrations in contaminated sediments. Environ Monit Assess 2002; 78:111-129. [PMID: 12229918 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016353800291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A fluorometric screening method was used to estimate total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (t-PAH) concentrations in sediments collected from the St. Louis River Area of Concern (AOC) in northeastern Minnesota. Sediments were collected as part of a Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (R-EMAP) study to assess sediment quality in the AOC. The screening method was calibrated using a PAH surrogate standard consisting of eight PAHs commonly found in the St. Louis River system, at their approximate proportions. Estimated PAH concentrations were compared to GC/MS measured 'true' PAH concentrations to evaluate the overall predictive power of the screening method. Regression analysis of log transformed estimated versus true PAH concentration yielded an r2 of 0.72 (n = 86). In addition, the rates of false positive and false negative predictions associated with the screening method were determined relative to different sediment effects concentrations (SECs) for total PAHs. In general, the rate of false positive predictions was shown to increase as the SEC criteria value decreased, while false negative rates remained consistently low (below 7%). Methodological recommendations which led to a three-fold reduction in false negatives, and the improved prediction of both high and low PAH samples, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Peterson
- Natural Resources Research Institute. University of Minnesota, Duluth, USA.
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Germain-Lee EL, Ding CL, Deng Z, Crane JL, Saji M, Ringel MD, Levine MA. Paternal imprinting of Galpha(s) in the human thyroid as the basis of TSH resistance in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 296:67-72. [PMID: 12147228 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is characterized by multiple somatic defects secondary to mutations in the GNAS1 gene. AHO patients with mutations on maternally inherited alleles are resistant to multiple hormones (e.g., PTH, TSH), a variant termed pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type 1a, due to presumed tissue-specific paternal imprinting of the alpha chain of G(s) as demonstrated in murine renal proximal tubule and fat cells. Studies in human tissues thus far revealed imprinting only in pituitary. Because mild hypothyroidism due to TSH resistance occurs in most PHP type 1a patients, we investigated whether Galpha(s) is imprinted in thyroid. Examination of eight normal thyroids demonstrated significantly greater expression from the maternal GNAS1 allele, with paternal Galpha(s) transcripts accounting for only 25.9-40.4%. Expression of NESP55, XLalpha(s), and 1A was uniallelic. We conclude that Galpha(s) is incompletely imprinted in the thyroid, which provides an explanation for mild TSH resistance in PHP type 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Germain-Lee
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Park Building, Suite 211, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, 21287-2520, MD, USA.
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Crane JL, MacDonald DD, Ingersoll CG, Smorong DE, Lindskoog RA, Severn CG, Berger TA, Field LJ. Evaluation of numerical sediment quality targets for the St. Louis River Area of Concern. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2002; 43:1-10. [PMID: 12045868 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-002-1155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerical sediment quality targets (SQTs) for the protection of sediment-dwelling organisms have been established for the St. Louis River Area of Concern (AOC), 1 of 42 current AOCs in the Great Lakes basin. The two types of SQTs were established primarily from consensus-based sediment quality guidelines. Level I SQTs are intended to identify contaminant concentrations below which harmful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms are unlikely to be observed. Level II SQTs are intended to identify contaminant concentrations above which harmful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms are likely to be observed. The predictive ability of the numerical SQTs was evaluated using the matching sediment chemistry and toxicity data set for the St. Louis River AOC. This evaluation involved determination of the incidence of toxicity to amphipods ( Hyalella azteca) and midges (Chironomus tentans) within five ranges of Level II SQT quotients (i.e., mean probable effect concentration quotients [PEC-Qs]). The incidence of toxicity was determined based on the results of 10-day toxicity tests with amphipods (endpoints: survival and growth) and 10-day toxicity tests with midges (endpoints: survival and growth). For both toxicity tests, the incidence of toxicity increased as the mean PEC-Q ranges increased. The incidence of toxicity observed in these tests was also compared to that for other geographic areas in the Great Lakes region and in North America for 10- to 14-day amphipod (H. azteca) and 10- to 14-day midge (C. tentans or C. riparius) toxicity tests. In general, the predictive ability of the mean PEC-Qs was similar across geographic areas. The results of these predictive ability evaluations indicate that collectively the mean PEC-Qs provide a reliable basis for classifying sediments as toxic or not toxic in the St. Louis River AOC, in the larger geographic areas of the Great Lakes, and elsewhere in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Crane
- Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Environmental Outcomes Division, 520 Lafayette Road North, St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-4194, USA.
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Ingersoll CG, MacDonald DD, Wang N, Crane JL, Field LJ, Haverland PS, Kemble NE, Lindskoog RA, Severn C, Smorong DE. Predictions of sediment toxicity using consensus-based freshwater sediment quality guidelines. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2001; 41:8-21. [PMID: 11385586 DOI: 10.1007/s002440010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2000] [Accepted: 12/20/2000] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to compare approaches for evaluating the combined effects of chemical mixtures on the toxicity in field-collected sediments and to evaluate the ability of consensus-based probable effect concentrations (PECs) to predict toxicity in a freshwater database on both a national and regional geographic basis. A database was developed from 92 published reports, which included a total of 1,657 samples with high-quality matching sediment toxicity and chemistry data from across North America. The database was comprised primarily of 10- to 14-day or 28- to 42-day toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca (designated as the HA10 or HA28 tests) and 10- to 14-day toxicity tests with the midges Chironomus tentans or C. riparius (designated as the CS10 test). Mean PEC quotients were calculated to provide an overall measure of chemical contamination and to support an evaluation of the combined effects of multiple contaminants in sediments. There was an overall increase in the incidence of toxicity with an increase in the mean quotients in all three tests. A consistent increase in the toxicity in all three tests occurred at a mean quotient > 0.5, however, the overall incidence of toxicity was greater in the HA28 test compared to the short-term tests. The longer-term tests, in which survival and growth are measured, tend to be more sensitive than the shorter-term tests, with acute to chronic ratios on the order of six indicated for H. azteca. Different patterns were observed among the various procedures used to calculate mean quotients. For example, in the HA28 test, a relatively abrupt increase in toxicity was associated with elevated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alone or with elevated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) alone, compared to the pattern of a gradual increase in toxicity observed with quotients calculated using a combination of metals, PAHs, and PCBs. These analyses indicate that the different patterns in toxicity may be the result of unique chemical signals associated with individual contaminants in samples. Though mean quotients can be used to classify samples as toxic or nontoxic, individual quotients might be useful in helping identify substances that may be causing or substantially contributing to the observed toxicity. An increase in the incidence of toxicity was observed with increasing mean quotients within most of the regions, basins, and areas in North America for all three toxicity tests. The results of these analyses indicate that the consensus-based PECs can be used to reliably predict toxicity of sediments on both a regional and national basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Ingersoll
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, Missouri 65201, USA.
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Abstract
A 865-bp insertion was detected within the nuclear small subunit (SSU) rDNA in two isolates (intron+) of the freshwater ascomycete Pseudohalonectria lignicola by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The intron sequences from the two isolates were identical to each other, and the exon sequences from the two intron+ isolates were identical to those in the intron- isolates in the PCR-amplified region of rDNA. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) indicated that the intron was absent in the mature rRNA. The intron sequence has all the characteristics of a group I intron, including four conserved sequence elements (P, Q, R, and S), the presence of a U at the 5' splice site of the exon, a G at the 3' splice site of the intron, a putative internal guiding sequence, and the sequence fit a secondary structure model for group I introns. Like most introns found in nuclear rDNA, this intron was located at a highly conserved region and was devoid of long open reading frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, 172 Natural Resources Building, 607 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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Crane JL, Legeay SP. Dimensions of crisis in American health care: toward a general theory of crisis in health care. Soc Sci Med 1979; 13A:387-96. [PMID: 472768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Glasgow LA, Crane JL, Schleupner CJ, Kern ER, Youngner JS, Feingold DS. Enhancement of resistance to murine osteogenic sarcoma in vivo by an extract of Brucella abortus (Bru-Pel): association with activation of reticuloendothelial system macrophages. Infect Immun 1979; 23:19-26. [PMID: 106004 PMCID: PMC550682 DOI: 10.1128/iai.23.1.19-26.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of an aqueous-ether extracted residue of Brucella abortus (Bru-Pel) inhibits development of transplanted osteogenic sarcomas in mice as evidenced by a decrease in mortality. At least one mechanism through which Bru-Pel modulates host resistance is activation of macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system. Peritoneal macrophages harvested from mice receiving Bru-Pel were cytotoxic for osteogenic sarcoma cells in vitro, limited the replication of vaccinia virus in cell cultures, and demonstrated enhanced emittance of chemiluminescence during phagocytosis of zymosan particles of Candida albicans. The concept of reticuloendothelial system activation was further supported by the evidence that administration of Bru-Pel enhanced resistance of mice to challenge with a lethal inoculum of Listeria monocytogenes. These observation support the hypothesis that Bru-Pel shares a number of characteristics with recognized immunomodulating agents and that one mechanism by which it modulates host resistance to tumors, to virus infections, and to challenge with L. monocytogenes is through activation of macrophages.
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Glasgow LA, Crane JL, Schleupner CJ, Kern ER, Youngner JS, Feingold DS. Activation of reticuloendothelial system macrophages and enhancement of host resistance to a transplantable osteogenic sarcoma in mice by an extract of Brucella abortus. Cancer Treat Rep 1978; 62:1931-5. [PMID: 282007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An aqueous-ether extract of Brucella abortus, Bru-Pel, enhanced resistance of mice to a transplantable osteogenic sarcoma (OGS). The results presented in this report suggest that Bru-Pel is an effective immunomodulator and that one mechanism through which it enhances host resistance is activation of phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Peritoneal macrophages from mice inoculated with Bru-Pel 14 days previously were cytotoxic for OGS cells in vitro, limited the multiplication of vaccinia virus in cell cultures, and demonstrated increased chemiluminescence during phagocytosis. Furthermore, Bru-Pel enhanced host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes, in addition to viral infections and a transplantable tumor. These results support the hypothesis that Bru-Pel shares a number of characteristics with other recognized immunomodulating agents and suggest that further studies are warranted to better define the potential of Bru-Pel for immunotherapeutic regimens in man.
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Glasgow LA, Crane JL, Kern ER, Youngner JS. Antitumor activity of interferon against murine osteogenic sarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Treat Rep 1978; 62:1881-8. [PMID: 282006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Murine interferon inhibited the growth of a continuous line of osteogenic sarcoma cells in tissue culture. Inhibition of tumor cell growth was documented by decreased clone formation in liquid medium, decreased tumor cell counts in monolayer cultures, suppression of colony formation in semi-solid agar, and decreased uptake of 3H-thymidine by the osteogenic sarcoma cells in culture. The capacity of anti-interferon antibody to block the tumor cell growth inhibitory activity of the interferon preparation suggested that interferon itself is the biologically active component of the interferon preparations. In vivo, a 7-day course of 30,000-60,000 units/day of type I interferon prepared in cell cultures either completely inhibited or delayed the appearance of tumors in experimental animals inoculated with osteogenic sarcoma cells by the sc route. The therapeutic efficacy of a preparation of murine sera containing type II interferon as well as other lymphokine activity was compared with the type I interferon preparation. Animals treated with 600 units of type II interferon were protected against tumor development as effectively as with 60,000 units/day of type I.
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Crane JL, Glasgow LA, Kern ER, Youngner JS. Inhibition of murine osteogenic sarcomas by treatment with type I or type II interferon. J Natl Cancer Inst 1978; 61:871-4. [PMID: 278865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon was used to treat C57BL/6 female mice inoculated with a continuous line of murine osteogenic sarcoma cells. A short 7-day course of 30,000--60,000 U/day of tpe I interferon either completely inhibited or delayed the appearance of tumors in experimental animals. The therapeutic efficacy of type I interferon was compared with murine serum that contained type II interferon as well as other lymphokine activity. Tumor development was strikingly inhibited in animals treated for 7 days with serum containing only 600 U of type II interferon. Inhibition of tumor development was thus achieved with 100-fold less interferon than that required with type I preparation.
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Abstract
Murine interferon inhibited the growth of a continuous line of osteogenic sarcoma (OGS) cells in tissue culture. Inhibition of tumor cell growth by interferon was demonstrated by: a) decreased colony formation in soft agar, b) suppression of clone formation in liquid medium, and c) reduction of tumor cell counts in monolayer cultures. This inhibition of cell growth was further documented by suppression of [3H]thymidine uptake by OGS cells exposed to interferon, which suggested inhibition of DNA synthesis of tumor cells. Exposure of tumor cells for 4 hours, 24 hours, and 2,3,4,6, and 8 days demonstrated greater activity with prolonged exposure to interferon. Inhibition of cell growth was significantly greater for OGS cells than for normal mouse embryo fibroblasts. Finally, the antitumor activity of the interferon preparation could be reversed by anti-interferon antibody.
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Schoknecht JD, Crane JL. Revision of Torula and Hormiscium species. Torula occulta, T. diversa, T. elasticae, T. bigemina and Hormiscium condensatum reexamined. Mycologia 1977; 69:533-46. [PMID: 559935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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