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Plasterer C, Semenikhina M, Tsaih SW, Flister MJ, Palygin O. NNAT is a novel mediator of oxidative stress that suppresses ER + breast cancer. Mol Med 2023; 29:87. [PMID: 37400769 PMCID: PMC10318825 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronatin (NNAT) was recently identified as a novel mediator of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cell proliferation and migration, which correlated with decreased tumorigenic potential and prolonged patient survival. However, despite these observations, the molecular and pathophysiological role(s) of NNAT in ER + breast cancer remains unclear. Based on high protein homology with phospholamban, we hypothesized that NNAT mediates the homeostasis of intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i levels and endoplasmic reticulum (EndoR) function, which is frequently disrupted in ER + breast cancer and other malignancies. METHODS To evaluate the role of NNAT on [Ca2+]i homeostasis, we used a combination of bioinformatics, gene expression and promoter activity assays, CRISPR gene manipulation, pharmacological tools and confocal imaging to characterize the association between ROS, NNAT and calcium signaling. RESULTS Our data indicate that NNAT localizes predominantly to EndoR and lysosome, and genetic manipulation of NNAT levels demonstrated that NNAT modulates [Ca2+]i influx and maintains Ca2+ homeostasis. Pharmacological inhibition of calcium channels revealed that NNAT regulates [Ca2+]i levels in breast cancer cells through the interaction with ORAI but not the TRPC signaling cascade. Furthermore, NNAT is transcriptionally regulated by NRF1, PPARα, and PPARγ and is strongly upregulated by oxidative stress via the ROS and PPAR signaling cascades. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data suggest that NNAT expression is mediated by oxidative stress and acts as a regulator of Ca2+ homeostasis to impact ER + breast cancer proliferation, thus providing a molecular link between the longstanding observation that is accumulating ROS and altered Ca2+ signaling are key oncogenic drivers of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Plasterer
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marharyta Semenikhina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael J Flister
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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2
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Ohlig S, Clavreul S, Thorwirth M, Simon-Ebert T, Bocchi R, Ulbricht S, Kannayian N, Rossner M, Sirko S, Smialowski P, Fischer-Sternjak J, Götz M. Molecular diversity of diencephalic astrocytes reveals adult astrogenesis regulated by Smad4. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107532. [PMID: 34549820 PMCID: PMC8561644 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes regulate brain‐wide functions and also show region‐specific differences, but little is known about how general and region‐specific functions are aligned at the single‐cell level. To explore this, we isolated adult mouse diencephalic astrocytes by ACSA‐2‐mediated magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS). Single‐cell RNA‐seq revealed 7 gene expression clusters of astrocytes, with 4 forming a supercluster. Within the supercluster, cells differed by gene expression related to ion homeostasis or metabolism, with the former sharing gene expression with other regions and the latter being restricted to specific regions. All clusters showed expression of proliferation‐related genes, and proliferation of diencephalic astrocytes was confirmed by immunostaining. Clonal analysis demonstrated low level of astrogenesis in the adult diencephalon, but not in cerebral cortex grey matter. This led to the identification of Smad4 as a key regulator of diencephalic astrocyte in vivo proliferation and in vitro neurosphere formation. Thus, astrocytes show diverse gene expression states related to distinct functions with some subsets being more widespread while others are more regionally restricted. However, all share low‐level proliferation revealing the novel concept of adult astrogenesis in the diencephalon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ohlig
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Solène Clavreul
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manja Thorwirth
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tatiana Simon-Ebert
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Bocchi
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Ulbricht
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nirmal Kannayian
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Rossner
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Swetlana Sirko
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pawel Smialowski
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Judith Fischer-Sternjak
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,SYNERGY, Excellence cluster of Systems Neurology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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3
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Xing P, Hong L, Yan G, Tan B, Qiao J, Wang S, Li Z, JieYang, Zheng E, Cai G, Wu Z, Gu T. Neuronatin gene expression levels affect foetal growth and development by regulating glucose transport in porcine placenta. Gene 2021; 809:146051. [PMID: 34756962 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Imprinted genes play important regulatory roles in the growth and development of placentas and foetuses during pregnancy. In a previous study, we found that the imprinted gene Neuronatin (NNAT) is involved in foetal development; NNAT expression was significantly lower in the placentas of piglets that died neonatally compared to the placentas of surviving piglets. However, the function and mechanism of NNAT in regulating porcine placental development is still unknown. In this study, we collected the placentas of high- and low-weight foetuses at gestational day (GD 65, 90), (n = 4-5 litters/GD) to investigate the role of NNAT in regulating foetal growth and development. We found that the mRNA and protein levels of NNAT were significantly higher in the placentas of high-weight than low-weight foetuses. We then overexpressed NNAT in porcine placental trophoblast cell lines (pTr2) and demonstrated that NNAT activated the PI3K-AKT pathway, and further promoted the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and increased cellular calcium ion levels, which improved glucose transport in placental trophoblast cells in vitro. To conclude, our study suggests that NNAT expression impacts porcine foetal development by regulating placental glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Xing
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjun Hong
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanhao Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Tan
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zicong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd, Yunfu, China
| | - JieYang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enqin Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd, Yunfu, China
| | - Ting Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, China & College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Cimino I, Rimmington D, Tung YCL, Lawler K, Larraufie P, Kay RG, Virtue S, Lam BYH, Fagnocchi L, Ma MKL, Saudek V, Zvetkova I, Vidal-Puig A, Yeo GSH, Farooqi IS, Pospisilik JA, Gribble FM, Reimann F, O'Rahilly S, Coll AP. Murine neuronatin deficiency is associated with a hypervariable food intake and bimodal obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17571. [PMID: 34475432 PMCID: PMC8413370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronatin (Nnat) has previously been reported to be part of a network of imprinted genes downstream of the chromatin regulator Trim28. Disruption of Trim28 or of members of this network, including neuronatin, results in an unusual phenotype of a bimodal body weight. To better characterise this variability, we examined the key contributors to energy balance in Nnat+/-p mice that carry a paternal null allele and do not express Nnat. Consistent with our previous studies, Nnat deficient mice on chow diet displayed a bimodal body weight phenotype with more than 30% of Nnat+/-p mice developing obesity. In response to both a 45% high fat diet and exposure to thermoneutrality (30 °C) Nnat deficient mice maintained the hypervariable body weight phenotype. Within a calorimetry system, food intake in Nnat+/-p mice was hypervariable, with some mice consuming more than twice the intake seen in wild type littermates. A hyperphagic response was also seen in Nnat+/-p mice in a second, non-home cage environment. An expected correlation between body weight and energy expenditure was seen, but corrections for the effects of positive energy balance and body weight greatly diminished the effect of neuronatin deficiency on energy expenditure. Male and female Nnat+/-p mice displayed subtle distinctions in the degree of variance body weight phenotype and food intake and further sexual dimorphism was reflected in different patterns of hypothalamic gene expression in Nnat+/-p mice. Loss of the imprinted gene Nnat is associated with a highly variable food intake, with the impact of this phenotype varying between genetically identical individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cimino
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Debra Rimmington
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Y C Loraine Tung
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Katherine Lawler
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust‑MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Pierre Larraufie
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Richard G Kay
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Samuel Virtue
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Luca Fagnocchi
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Marcella K L Ma
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Vladimir Saudek
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Ilona Zvetkova
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust‑MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Anthony P Coll
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK.
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5
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Kanno N, Fujiwara K, Yoshida S, Kato T, Kato Y. Dynamic Changes in the Localization of Neuronatin-Positive Cells during Neurogenesis in the Embryonic Rat Brain. Cells Tissues Organs 2019; 207:127-137. [DOI: 10.1159/000504359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronatin (NNAT) was first identified as a gene selectively and abundantly expressed in the cytoplasm of the newborn mouse brain, and involved in neonatal neurogenesis. However, the particular roles of NNAT in the developing prenatal brain have not been identified, especially in mid to late stages. In this study, we performed immunohistochemical analyses of NNAT and SOX2 proteins, a nuclear transcription factor and neural stem/progenitor marker, in the rat brain on embryonic days 13.5, E16.5, and E20.5. NNAT signals were broadly observed across the developing brain on E13.5 and gradually more localized in later stages, eventually concentrated in the alar and basal parts of the terminal hypothalamus, the alar plate of prosomere 2 of the thalamus, and the choroid plexus in the lateral and fourth ventricles on E20.5. In particular, the mammillary body in the basal part of the terminal hypothalamus, a region with a high number of SOX2-positive cells, evidenced intense NNAT signals on E20.5. The intracellular localization of NNAT showed diverse profiles, suggesting that NNAT was involved in various cellular functions, such as cell differentiation and functional maintenance, during prenatal neurogenesis in the rat brain. Thus, the present observations suggested diverse and active roles of the NNAT protein in neurogenesis. Determining the function of this molecule may assist in the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in brain development.
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6
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Kanno N, Yoshida S, Kato T, Kato Y. Characteristic Localization of Neuronatin in Rat Testis, Hair Follicle, Tongue, and Pancreas. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:495-509. [PMID: 30869556 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419836433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronatin (Nnat) is expressed in the pituitary, pancreas, and other tissues; however, the function of NNAT is still unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that NNAT is localized in the sex-determining region Y-box 2-positive stem/progenitor cells in the developing rat pituitary primordium and is downregulated during differentiation into mature hormone-producing cells. Moreover, NNAT is widely localized in subcellular organelles, excluding the Golgi. Here, we further evaluated NNAT-positive cells and intracellular localization in embryonic and postnatal rat tissues such as the pancreas, tongue, whisker hair follicle, and testis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that NNAT was localized in undifferentiated cells (i.e., epithelial basal cells and basement cells in the papillae of the tongue and round and elongated spermatids of the testis) as well as in differentiated cells (insulin-positive cells and exocrine cells of the pancreas, taste receptor cells of the fungiform papilla, the inner root sheath of whisker hair follicles, and spermatozoa). In addition, NNAT exhibited novel intracellular localization in acrosomes in the spermatozoa. Because the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is excluded from spermatozoa and sarco/ER Ca2+-ATPase isoform 2 (SERCA2) is absent from the inner root sheath, these findings suggested that NNAT localization in the ER and its interaction with SERCA2 are cell- or tissue-specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kanno
- Division of Life Science, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Division of Life Science, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
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7
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Millership SJ, Tunster SJ, Van de Pette M, Choudhury AI, Irvine EE, Christian M, Fisher AG, John RM, Scott J, Withers DJ. Neuronatin deletion causes postnatal growth restriction and adult obesity in 129S2/Sv mice. Mol Metab 2018; 18:97-106. [PMID: 30279096 PMCID: PMC6308027 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Imprinted genes are crucial for the growth and development of fetal and juvenile mammals. Altered imprinted gene dosage causes a variety of human disorders, with growth and development during these crucial early stages strongly linked with future metabolic health in adulthood. Neuronatin (Nnat) is a paternally expressed imprinted gene found in neuroendocrine systems and white adipose tissue and is regulated by the diet and leptin. Neuronatin expression is downregulated in obese children and has been associated with stochastic obesity in C57BL/6 mice. However, our recent studies of Nnat null mice on this genetic background failed to display any body weight or feeding phenotypes but revealed a defect in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion due to the ability of neuronatin to potentiate signal peptidase cleavage of preproinsulin. Nnat deficiency in beta cells therefore caused a lack of appropriate storage and secretion of mature insulin. METHODS To further explore the potential role of Nnat in the regulation of body weight and adiposity, we studied classical imprinting-related phenotypes such as placental, fetal, and postnatal growth trajectory patterns that may impact upon subsequent adult metabolic phenotypes. RESULTS Here we find that, in contrast to the lack of any body weight or feeding phenotypes on the C57BL/6J background, deletion of Nnat in mice on 129S2/Sv background causes a postnatal growth restriction with reduced adipose tissue accumulation, followed by catch up growth after weaning. This was in the absence of any effect on fetal growth or placental development. In adult 129S2/Sv mice, Nnat deletion was associated with hyperphagia, reduced energy expenditure, and partial leptin resistance. Lack of neuronatin also potentiated obesity caused by either aging or high fat diet feeding. CONCLUSIONS The imprinted gene Nnat plays a key role in postnatal growth, adult energy homeostasis, and the pathogenesis of obesity via catch up growth effects, but this role is dependent upon genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Millership
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Simon J Tunster
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | | | - Elaine E Irvine
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mark Christian
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Amanda G Fisher
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rosalind M John
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - James Scott
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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8
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Millership SJ, Da Silva Xavier G, Choudhury AI, Bertazzo S, Chabosseau P, Pedroni SM, Irvine EE, Montoya A, Faull P, Taylor WR, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Ferrer J, Christian M, John RM, Latreille M, Liu M, Rutter GA, Scott J, Withers DJ. Neuronatin regulates pancreatic β cell insulin content and secretion. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3369-3381. [PMID: 29864031 PMCID: PMC6063487 DOI: 10.1172/jci120115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronatin (Nnat) is an imprinted gene implicated in human obesity and widely expressed in neuroendocrine and metabolic tissues in a hormone- and nutrient-sensitive manner. However, its molecular and cellular functions and precise role in organismal physiology remain only partly defined. Here we demonstrate that mice lacking Nnat globally or specifically in β cells display impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion leading to defective glucose handling under conditions of nutrient excess. In contrast, we report no evidence for any feeding or body weight phenotypes in global Nnat-null mice. At the molecular level neuronatin augments insulin signal peptide cleavage by binding to the signal peptidase complex and facilitates translocation of the nascent preprohormone. Loss of neuronatin expression in β cells therefore reduces insulin content and blunts glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Nnat expression, in turn, is glucose-regulated. This mechanism therefore represents a novel site of nutrient-sensitive control of β cell function and whole-animal glucose homeostasis. These data also suggest a potential wider role for Nnat in the regulation of metabolism through the modulation of peptide processing events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Millership
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Da Silva Xavier
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Chabosseau
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia M.A. Pedroni
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine E. Irvine
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Montoya
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Faull
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - William R. Taylor
- Computational Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, INSERM, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Francois Pattou
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, INSERM, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Beta Cell Genome Regulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Christian
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind M. John
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Scott
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic J. Withers
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Pandey K, Mizukami Y, Watanabe K, Sakaguti S, Kadokawa H. Deep sequencing of the transcriptome in the anterior pituitary of heifers before and after ovulation. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1003-1012. [PMID: 28442638 PMCID: PMC5487774 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine gene expression patterns in the anterior pituitary (AP) of heifers
before and after ovulation via deep sequencing of the transcriptome (RNA-seq) to identify
new genes and clarify important pathways. Heifers were slaughtered on the estrus day
(pre-ovulation; n=5) or 3 days after ovulation (post-ovulation; n=5) for AP collection. We
randomly selected 4 pre-ovulation and 4 post-ovulation APs, and the ribosomal RNA-depleted
poly (A)+RNA were prepared to assemble next-generation sequencing libraries. The bovine
APs expressed 12,769 annotated genes at pre- or post-ovulation. The sum of the reads per
kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads (RPKM) values of all transcriptomes were
599,676 ± 38,913 and 668,209 ± 23,690, and 32.2 ± 2.6% and 44.0 ± 4.4% of these
corresponded to the AP hormones in the APs of pre- and post-ovulation heifers,
respectively. The bovine AP showed differential expression of 396 genes
(P<0.05) in the pre- and post-ovulation APs. The 396 genes included
two G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes (GPR61 and
GPR153) and those encoding 13 binding proteins. The AP also expressed
259 receptor and other 364 binding proteins. Moreover, ingenuity pathway analysis for the
396 genes revealed (P=2.4 × 10−3) a canonical pathway linking
GPCR to cytoskeleton reorganization, actin polymerization, microtubule growth, and gene
expression. Thus, the present study clarified the novel genes found to be differentially
expressed before and after ovulation and clarified an important pathway in the AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Pandey
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Yoichi Mizukami
- Center for Gene Research, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube-shi, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Center for Gene Research, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube-shi, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Syuiti Sakaguti
- Institute of Radioisotope Research and Education, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube-shi, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kadokawa
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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10
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Cheung LYM, Davis SW, Brinkmeier ML, Camper SA, Pérez-Millán MI. Regulation of pituitary stem cells by epithelial to mesenchymal transition events and signaling pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 445:14-26. [PMID: 27650955 PMCID: PMC5590650 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The anterior pituitary gland is comprised of specialized cell-types that produce and secrete polypeptide hormones in response to hypothalamic input and feedback from target organs. These specialized cells arise from stem cells that express SOX2 and the pituitary transcription factor PROP1, which is necessary to establish the stem cell pool and promote an epithelial to mesenchymal-like transition, releasing progenitors from the niche. The adult anterior pituitary responds to physiological challenge by mobilizing the SOX2-expressing progenitor pool and producing additional hormone-producing cells. Knowledge of the role of signaling pathways and extracellular matrix components in these processes may lead to improvements in the efficiency of differentiation of embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells into hormone producing cells in vitro. Advances in our basic understanding of pituitary stem cell regulation and differentiation may lead to improved diagnosis and treatment for patients with hypopituitarism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Y M Cheung
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618, USA.
| | - Shannon W Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208-0001, USA.
| | - Michelle L Brinkmeier
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618, USA.
| | - Sally A Camper
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618, USA.
| | - María Inés Pérez-Millán
- Institute of Biomedical Investgations (UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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11
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Nishihara H, Yoshida S, Kanno N, Nishimura N, Ueharu H, Ohgane J, Kato T, Kato Y. Involvement of DNA methylation in regulating rat Prop1 gene expression during pituitary organogenesis. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:37-44. [PMID: 27773885 PMCID: PMC5320428 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PROP1 is a pituitary specific transcription factor that plays a crucial role in pituitary organogenesis. The Prop1 shows varied expression
patterns that promptly emerge and then fade during the early embryonic period. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing Prop1 expression
remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether Prop1 was under epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation. Bisulfite sequencing was performed on
DNA obtained from the pituitary glands and livers of rats on embryonic days (E) 13.5 and E14.5, and postnatal days (P) 4 and P30. The methylation of CpG sites
in seven regions from 3-kb upstream of the Prop1 transcription start site through to its second intron were examined. Certain differences in
CpG-methylation levels were observed in Region-1 (–2772 b to –2355 b), Region-4 (–198 b to +286 b), Region-5 (+671 b to +990 b), and Region-6 (+1113 b to +1273
b) based on comparisons between pituitary and liver DNA on E13.5. DNA methylation in pituitary glands on E14.5, P4, and P30 was generally similar to that
observed in in the pituitary gland on E13.5, whereas the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland on P4 and P30 showed only small differences.
These results indicate that Prop1 is under regulation by CpG methylation during the early period of pituitary primordium development around
E13.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Nishihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Regulation, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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12
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Ueharu H, Yoshida S, Kikkawa T, Kanno N, Higuchi M, Kato T, Osumi N, Kato Y. Gene tracing analysis reveals the contribution of neural crest-derived cells in pituitary development. J Anat 2016; 230:373-380. [PMID: 28026856 PMCID: PMC5314385 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior pituitary originates from the adenohypophyseal placode. Both the preplacode region and neural crest (NC) derive from subdivision of the neural border region, and further individualization of the placode domain is established by a reciprocal interaction between placodal precursors and NC cells (NCCs). It has long been known that NCCs are present in the adenohypophysis as interstitial cells. A recent report demonstrated that NCCs also contribute to the formation of pericytes in the developing pituitary. Here, we attempt to further clarify the role of NCCs in pituitary development using P0‐Cre/EGFP reporter mice. Spatiotemporal analyses revealed that GFP‐positive NCCs invaded the adenohypophysis in a stepwise manner. The first wave was detected on mouse embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5), when the pituitary primordium begins to be formed by adenohypophyseal placode cells; the second wave occurred on E14.5, when vasculogenesis proceeds from Atwell's recess. Finally, fate tracing of NCCs demonstrated that NC‐derived cells in the adenohypophysis terminally differentiate into all hormone‐producing cell lineages as well as pericytes. Our data suggest that NCCs contribute to pituitary organogenesis and vasculogenesis in conjunction with placode‐derived pituitary stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ueharu
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Institute for Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takako Kikkawa
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoko Kanno
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Higuchi
- Institute for Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Institute for Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.,Institute for Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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