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Zygmunt-Górska A, Wójcik M, Gilis-Januszewska A, Starmach A, Bik-Multanowski M, Starzyk JB. Comparison of clinical characteristics of a pediatric cohort with combined pituitary hormone deficiency caused by mutation of the PROP1 gene or of other origins. Hormones (Athens) 2024; 23:69-79. [PMID: 38147295 PMCID: PMC10847174 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The most commonly identified genetic cause of combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is PROP1 gene mutations. The aim of the study was to compare selected clinical features of patients with CPHD caused by variants of the PROP1 gene (CPHD-PROP1) and patients with inborn CPHD of other etiology (CPHD-nonPROP1). MATERIAL AND METHODS The retrospective analysis included childhood medical records of 74 patients (32 female) with CPHD, including 43 patients (23 female) with the mutation in the PROP1 gene. RESULTS Patients with CPHD-PROP1 compared to the CPHD-nonPROP1 presented with the following: significantly higher median birth weight (0.21 vs. - 0.29 SDS, p = 0.019), lower growth velocity within 3 years preceding growth hormone administration (- 2.7 vs. - 0.8 SDS, p < 0.001), higher mean maximal blood concentration of growth hormone within the stimulation process (1.2 vs. 1.08 ng/mL, p = 0.003), lower TSH (1.8 vs. 2.4 µIU/mL, p < 0.001), significantly lower prolactin concentrations (128 vs. 416.3 µIU/mL, p < 0.001), and less frequent typical signs of hypogonadism at birth in boys (n = 6; 30% vs. n = 12, 54%, p < 0.001). Secondary adrenal insufficiency was less frequent in CPHD-PROP1 (20 vs. 25 cases, p = 0.006) and occurred at a later age (13.4 vs. 10.4 years). MRI of the pituitary gland in CPHD-PROP1 revealed a small pituitary gland (21 cases), pituitary gland enlargement (eight cases), and one pituitary stalk interruption and posterior lobe ectopy, while it was normal in nine cases. CONCLUSION Patients with the PROP1 mutations present a clinical picture significantly different from that of other forms of congenital hypopituitarism. Certain specific clinical results may lead to the successful identification of children requiring diagnostics for the PROP1 gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zygmunt-Górska
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital in Cracow, Cracow, Poland.
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ul. Wielicka 265, 30-663, Cracow, Poland.
| | | | - Anna Starmach
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ul. Wielicka 265, 30-663, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy B Starzyk
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ul. Wielicka 265, 30-663, Cracow, Poland
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Kırkgöz T, Gürsoy S, Acar S, Nalbantoğlu Ö, Özkaya B, Anıl Korkmaz H, Hazan F, Özkan B. Genetic diagnosis of congenital hypopituitarism in Turkish patients by a target gene panel: novel pathogenic variants in GHRHR, GLI2, LHX4 and POU1F1 genes. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2023; 68:e220254. [PMID: 37948564 PMCID: PMC10916835 DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2022-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective Congenital hypopituitarism (CH) is a rare disease characterized by one or more hormone deficiencies of the pituitary gland. To date, many genes have been associated with CH. In this study, we identified the allelic variant spectrum of 11 causative genes in Turkish patients with CH. Materials and methods This study included 47 patients [21 girls (44.6%) and 26 boys (55.4%)] from 45 families. To identify the genetic etiology, we screened 11 candidate genes associated with CH using next-generation sequencing. To confirm and detect the status of the specific familial variant in relatives, Sanger sequencing was also performed. Results We identified 12 possible pathogenic variants in GHRHR, GH1, GLI2, PROP-1, POU1F1, and LHX4 in 11 patients (23.4%), of which six were novel variants: two in GHRHR, two in POU1F1, one in GLI2, and one in LHX4. In all patients, these variants were most frequently found in GLI2, followed by PROP-1 and GHRHR. Conclusion Genetic causes were determined in only 23.4% of all patients with CH and 63% of molecularly diagnosed patients (7/11) from consanguineous families. Despite advances in genetics, we were unable to identify the genetic etiology of most patients with CH, suggesting the effect of unknown genes or environmental factors. More genetic studies are necessary to understand the etiology of CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarık Kırkgöz
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey,
| | - Semra Gürsoy
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sezer Acar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Nalbantoğlu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Özkaya
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Anıl Korkmaz
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Filiz Hazan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Behzat Özkan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Abstract
Targeted oncogenesis is the process of driving tumor formation by engineering transgenic mice that express an oncogene under the control of a cell-type specific promoter. Such tumors can be adapted to cell culture, providing immortalized cell lines. To make it feasible to follow the process of tumorigenesis and increase the opportunity for generating cell lines, we developed a mouse strain that expresses SV40 T antigens in response to Cre-recombinase. Using CRISPR/Cas9 we inserted a cassette with coding sequences for SV40 T antigens and an internal ribosome entry site with green fluorescent protein cassette (IRES-GFP) into the Rosa26 locus, downstream from a stop sequence flanked by loxP sites: Rosa26LSL-SV40-GFP. These mice were mated with previously established Prop1-cre and Tshb-cre transgenic lines. Both the Rosa26LSL-SV40-GFP/+; Prop1-cre and Rosa26LSL-SV40-GFP/+; Tshb-cre mice developed fully penetrant dwarfism and large tumors by 4 weeks. Tumors from both of these mouse lines were adapted to growth in cell culture. We have established a progenitor-like cell line (PIT-P1) that expresses Sox2 and Pitx1, and a thyrotrope-like cell line (PIT-T1) that expresses Pou1f1 and Cga. These studies demonstrate the utility of the novel, Rosa26LSL-SV40-GFP mouse line for reliable targeted oncogenesis and development of unique cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hironori Bando
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sally A Camper
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: Sally A. Camper, Ph.D., 5704 Medical Science Building II, 1301 Catherine St, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Jullien N, Saveanu A, Vergier J, Marquant E, Quentien MH, Castinetti F, Galon-Faure N, Brauner R, Marrakchi Turki Z, Tauber M, El Kholy M, Linglart A, Rodien P, Fedala NS, Bergada I, Cortet-Rudelli C, Polak M, Nicolino M, Stuckens C, Barlier A, Brue T, Reynaud R. Clinical lessons learned in constitutional hypopituitarism from two decades of experience in a large international cohort. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 94:277-289. [PMID: 33098107 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The international GENHYPOPIT network collects phenotypical data and screens genetic causes of non-acquired hypopituitarism. AIMS To describe main phenotype patterns and their evolution through life. DESIGN Patients were screened according to their phenotype for coding sequence variations in 8 genes: HESX1, LHX3, LHX4, PROP1, POU1F1, TBX19, OTX2 and PROKR2. RESULTS Among 1213 patients (1143 index cases), the age of diagnosis of hypopituitarism was congenital (24%), in childhood (28%), at puberty (32%), in adulthood (7.2%) or not available (8.8%). Noteworthy, pituitary hormonal deficiencies kept on evolving during adulthood in 49 of patients. Growth Hormone deficiency (GHD) affected 85.8% of patients and was often the first diagnosed deficiency. AdrenoCorticoTropic Hormone deficiency rarely preceded GHD, but usually followed it by over 10 years. Pituitary Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) abnormalities were common (79.7%), with 39.4% pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS). The most frequently associated extrapituitary malformations were ophthalmological abnormalities (16.1%). Prevalence of identified mutations was 7.3% of index cases (84/1143) and 29.5% in familial cases (n = 146). Genetic analysis in 449 patients without extrapituitary phenotype revealed 36 PROP1, 2 POU1F1 and 17 TBX19 mutations. CONCLUSION This large international cohort highlights atypical phenotypic presentation of constitutional hypopituitarism, such as post pubertal presentation or adult progression of hormonal deficiencies. These results justify long-term follow-up, and the need for systematic evaluation of associated abnormalities. Genetic defects were rarely identified, mainly PROP1 mutations in pure endocrine phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jullien
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandru Saveanu
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Faculté des Sciences médicales et paramédicales, Institut Marseille Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Marseille, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'hypophyse HYPO, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, CHU Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CHU Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Julia Vergier
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, CHU Timone Enfants, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Emeline Marquant
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, CHU Timone Enfants, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Marie Helene Quentien
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Faculté des Sciences médicales et paramédicales, Institut Marseille Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Marseille, France
| | - Frederic Castinetti
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Faculté des Sciences médicales et paramédicales, Institut Marseille Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Marseille, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'hypophyse HYPO, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, CHU Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Noémie Galon-Faure
- Department of Paediatrics, Centre Hospitalier du Pays d'Aix, Aix-En-Provence, France
| | - Raja Brauner
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Maité Tauber
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Children Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Agnès Linglart
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Patrice Rodien
- Endocrinology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | | | - Ignacio Bergada
- Children Hospital "Ricardo Gutierrez", Bueno-Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Michel Polak
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM U1016, Institut IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Marc Nicolino
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Bron, France
| | - Chantal Stuckens
- Department of Paediatrics, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Anne Barlier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Faculté des Sciences médicales et paramédicales, Institut Marseille Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Marseille, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'hypophyse HYPO, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, CHU Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CHU Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Brue
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Faculté des Sciences médicales et paramédicales, Institut Marseille Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Marseille, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'hypophyse HYPO, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, CHU Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Rachel Reynaud
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Faculté des Sciences médicales et paramédicales, Institut Marseille Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Marseille, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, CHU Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, CHU Timone Enfants, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
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5
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Kale S, Gada JV, Jadhav S, Lila AR, Sarathi V, Budyal S, Patt H, Goroshi MR, Thadani PM, Arya S, Kamble AA, Patil VA, Acharya S, Sankhe S, Shivane V, Raghavan V, Bandgar TR, Shah NS. Genetic spectrum and predictors of mutations in four known genes in Asian Indian patients with growth hormone deficiency and orthotopic posterior pituitary: an emphasis on regional genetic diversity. Pituitary 2020; 23:701-715. [PMID: 32894409 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-020-01078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Regional variation in prevalence of genetic mutations in growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is known. AIM Study phenotype and prevalence of mutations in GH1, GHRHR, POU1F1, PROP1 genes in GHD cohort. METHODS One hundred and two patients {Isolated GHD (IGHD): 79; combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD): 23} with orthotopic posterior pituitary were included. Auxologic, hormonal and radiological details were studied. All four genes were analysed in IGHD patients. POU1F1 and PROP1 were studied in CPHD patients. RESULTS Of 102, 19.6% were familial cases. Height SDS, mean (SD) was - 5.14 (1.63). Peak GH, median (range) was 0.47 ng/ml (0-6.59), 72.5% patients had anterior pituitary hypoplasia (APH). Twenty mutations (novel: 11) were found in 43.1% patients (n = 44, IGHD-36, CPHD-8). GHRHR mutations (n = 32, p.Glu72* = 24) were more common than GH1 mutations (n = 4) in IGHD cohort. POU1F1 mutations (n = 6) were more common than PROP1 mutations (n = 2) in CPHD cohort. With few exceptions, this prevalence pattern is contrary to most studies in world-literature. No patients with peak GH > 4 ng/ml had mutations, signifying it as negative predictor. While many parameters were significant on univariate analysis, only positive family history and lower median peak GH levels were significant predictors of mutations on multivariate analysis in IGHD patients. CONCLUSION At variance with world literature, we found reverse predominance of GHRHR over GH1 mutations, POU1F1 over PROP1 mutations and predominance of GHRHR p.Glu72* mutations thus re-affirming the regional diversity in GHD genetics. We report positive and negative predictors of mutations in GHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Kale
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Jugal V Gada
- Department of Endocrinology, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swati Jadhav
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Anurag R Lila
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Vijaya Sarathi
- Department of Endocrinology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sweta Budyal
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Hiren Patt
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | | | - Puja M Thadani
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Sneha Arya
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Aparna A Kamble
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Virendra A Patil
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India.
| | - Shrikrishna Acharya
- Department of Endocrinology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shilpa Sankhe
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Vyankatesh Shivane
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Tushar R Bandgar
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Nalini S Shah
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
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Klingler C, Ashley J, Shi K, Stiefvater A, Kyba M, Sinnreich M, Aihara H, Kinter J. DNA aptamers against the DUX4 protein reveal novel therapeutic implications for FSHD. FASEB J 2020; 34:4573-4590. [PMID: 32020675 PMCID: PMC7079142 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the transcription factor double homeobox protein 4 (DUX4) can lead to a number of diseases including facio‐scapulo‐humeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and sarcomas. Inhibition of DUX4 may represent a therapeutic strategy for these diseases. By applying Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment (SELEX), we identified aptamers against DUX4 with specific secondary structural elements conveying high affinity to DUX4 as assessed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence polarization techniques. Sequences analysis of these aptamers revealed the presence of two consensus DUX4 motifs in a reverse complementary fashion forming hairpins interspersed with bulge loops at distinct positions that enlarged the binding surface with the DUX4 protein, as determined by crystal structure analysis. We demonstrate that insertion of specific structural elements into transcription factor binding oligonucleotides can enhance specificity and affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Klingler
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Neuromuscular Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jon Ashley
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Neuromuscular Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adeline Stiefvater
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Neuromuscular Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Sinnreich
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Neuromuscular Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hideki Aihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jochen Kinter
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Neuromuscular Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Cheung LYM, Camper SA. PROP1-Dependent Retinoic Acid Signaling Regulates Developmental Pituitary Morphogenesis and Hormone Expression. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa002. [PMID: 31913463 PMCID: PMC7029777 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary vitamin A is metabolized into bioactive retinoic acid (RA) in vivo and regulates the development of many embryonic tissues. RA signaling is active in the oral ectoderm-derived tissues of the neuroendocrine system, but its role there has not yet been fully explored. We show here that RA signaling is active during pituitary organogenesis and dependent on the pituitary transcription factor Prop1. Prop1-mutant mice show reduced expression of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene Aldh1a2, which metabolizes the vitamin A-intermediate retinaldehyde into RA. To elucidate the specific function of RA signaling during neuroendocrine development, we studied a conditional deletion of Aldh1a2 and a dominant-negative mouse model of inhibited RA signaling during pituitary organogenesis. These models partially phenocopy Prop1-mutant mice by exhibiting embryonic pituitary dysmorphology and reduced hormone expression, especially thyrotropin. These findings establish the role of RA in embryonic pituitary stem cell progression to differentiated hormone cells and raise the question of gene-by-environment interactions as contributors to pituitary development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Y M Cheung
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sally A Camper
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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8
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Budny B, Zemojtel T, Kaluzna M, Gut P, Niedziela M, Obara-Moszynska M, Rabska-Pietrzak B, Karmelita-Katulska K, Stajgis M, Ambroziak U, Bednarczuk T, Wrotkowska E, Bukowska-Olech E, Jamsheer A, Ruchala M, Ziemnicka K. SEMA3A and IGSF10 Are Novel Contributors to Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (CPHD). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:368. [PMID: 32612575 PMCID: PMC7308526 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mutation frequencies of pituitary transcription factors genes in patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiencies (CPHD) vary substantially between populations. However, apart from PROP1 the mutation rate of other genes is low and for almost half of the patients with CPHD the routine sequencing of known genes is unsuccessful in the identification of genetic causes. Methods: A cohort of 66 sporadic and nine familial CPHD cases (80 patients in total) were subjected to initial testing of the genes PROP1, POU1F1, LHX3, LHX4, and HESX1 using a targeted gene panel and MLPA. In patients who tested negative, a whole exome sequencing approach was employed. Results: In nine of the familial cases and 32 of the sporadic patients mutations in the PROP1 gene were found (the common pathogenic variants included c.301_302delAG and c.150delA). Mutations were also found in genes so far not related directly to CPHD. A unique homozygous and clinically relevant variant was identified in the SEMA3A gene, which may contribute to neural development and his phenotypic spectrum including short stature and isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). Another pathogenic variant p.A1672T was found in the IGSF10 gene reported to be responsible for delayed puberty and neuronal migration during embryogenesis. Several suspected novel but predicted benign variants were also identified for the CHD7, WDR11 and FGF17 genes. Conclusion: Although PROP1 defects account for a majority of CPHD patients, identification of rare, less frequent variants constitutes a big challenge. Multiple genetic factors responsible for CPHD are still awaiting discovery and therefore the usage of efficient genomic tools (i.e., whole exome sequencing) will further broaden our knowledge regarding pituitary development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Budny
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- *Correspondence: Bartlomiej Budny
| | - Tomasz Zemojtel
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Genomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Kaluzna
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Pawel Gut
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Niedziela
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Obara-Moszynska
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Rabska-Pietrzak
- Department of General Radiology and Neuroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Marek Stajgis
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Urszula Ambroziak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bednarczuk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Wrotkowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchala
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ziemnicka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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9
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Bajuk Studen K, Stefanija MA, Saveanu A, Barlier A, Brue T, Pfeifer M. Genetic analysis of adult Slovenian patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency. Endocrine 2019; 65:379-385. [PMID: 31093944 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among genetic causes of combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD), mutations of genes coding for transcription factors involved in pituitary development have been implicated. Congenital CPHD is a rare disease; therefore, it is important to expand the knowledge about incidence and regional distribution of specific mutations. The aim of this paper is to report results of genetic analyses of adult Slovenian patients with CPHD. METHODS Twenty-three adult Slovenian patients with early childhood onset CPHD were included in the study. Blood samples were collected through the GENHYPOPIT network to assess possible mutations of six genes (PROP1/HESX1/LHX4/LHX3/POU1F1) involved in the pituitary development following an established algorithm. RESULTS In seven out of 23 patients (30%) a specific mutation in genes encoding pituitary transcription factors was discovered. In five patients, two different mutations of the PROP1 gene (c.150delA and c.301-302delAG) were identified. One patient was heterozygous for a missense variant in the LHX4 gene. Additionally, one patient was positive for a mutation in the gene coding for prokineticin receptor-2. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that the two most common mutations of the PROP1 gene globally are also the most frequent mutations in the cohort of adult Slovenian patients with CHPD. Other mutations of pituitary transcription factor genes are extremely rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katica Bajuk Studen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Magdalena Avbelj Stefanija
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoriceva 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alexandru Saveanu
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hôpital de la Conception, 13005, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Marseille, France
| | - Anne Barlier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hôpital de la Conception, 13005, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'hypophyse HYPO, Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital de la Conception, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Brue
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'hypophyse HYPO, Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital de la Conception, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Marija Pfeifer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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10
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Penta L, Bizzarri C, Panichi M, Novelli A, Lepri FR, Cappa M, Esposito S. Identification of a Novel PROP1 Mutation in a Patient with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency and Enlarged Pituitary. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081875. [PMID: 30988269 PMCID: PMC6515070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) can be present from the neonatal period to adulthood and can be the result of congenital or acquired insults. In addition, GHD can be classified into two types: isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) and combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). CPHD is a disorder characterized by impaired production of two or more anterior and/or posterior pituitary hormones. Many genes implicated in CPHD remain to be identified. Better genetic characterization will provide more information about the disorder and result in important genetic counselling because a number of patients with hypopituitarism represent familial cases. To date, PROP1 mutations represent the most common known genetic cause of CPHD both in sporadic and familial cases. We report a novel mutation in the PROP1 gene in an infant with CPHD and an enlarged pituitary gland. Close long-term follow-up will reveal other possible hormonal defects and pituitary involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Penta
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Carla Bizzarri
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Michela Panichi
- Unit of Pediatrics, Città di Castello Hospital, Via L. Angelini, 10, 06012 Città di Castello, Italy.
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Romana Lepri
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Cappa
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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11
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Ekegbu UJ, Burrows L, Amirpour-Najafabadi H, Zhou H, Hickford JGH. Gene polymorphisms in PROP1 associated with growth traits in sheep. Gene 2019; 683:41-6. [PMID: 30316920 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The PROP paired-like homeobox 1 (PROP1) gene encodes a protein that regulates growth and development in mammals. Possessing DNA-binding and transcriptional activation abilities, PROP1 is able to control the expression of crucial anterior pituitary hormones including growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin. The objective of this study was to identify genetic variation in ovine PROP1 in 670 New Zealand Romney sheep. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected, two of which located in intron 1 were novel (c.109+40 T>C and c.109+207C>T), whilst the one located in exon 1 (c.45A>G) had been previously reported. These SNPs were arranged into three haplotypic variants - A1, B1 and C1. At each locus, all three genotypes were observed with frequencies in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Association analysis revealed that the variant GG, CC and CC genotypes for c.45A>G, c.109+40 T>C and c.109+207C>T respectively were significantly associated with higher lamb tailing and weaning weights, and growth rate-to-weaning. The A1 haplotype had a positive effect on tailing weight, weaning weight and growth rate, while the B1 haplotype impacted growth traits negatively. These findings suggest that variations in ovine PROP1 could serve as potential genetic markers for use in marker-assisted selection and the breeding for animals with superior growth traits.
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12
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Ueharu H, Yoshida S, Kanno N, Horiguchi K, Nishimura N, Kato T, Kato Y. SOX10-positive cells emerge in the rat pituitary gland during late embryogenesis and start to express S100β. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 372:77-90. [PMID: 29130118 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the pituitary gland, S100β-positive cells localize in the neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis but the lineage of the two groups remains obscure. S100β is often observed in many neural crest-derived cell types. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the origin of pituitary S100β-positive cells by immunohistochemistry for SOX10, a potent neural crest cell marker, using S100β-green fluorescence protein-transgenic rats. On embryonic day 21.5, a SOX10-positive cell population, which was also positive for the stem/progenitor cell marker SOX2, emerged in the pituitary stalk and posterior lobe and subsequently expanded to create a rostral-caudal gradient on postnatal day 3 (P3). Thereafter, SOX10-positive cells appeared in the intermediate lobe by P15, localizing to the boundary facing the posterior lobe, the gap between the lobule structures and the marginal cell layer, a pituitary stem/progenitor cell niche. Subsequently, there was an increase in SOX10/S100β double-positive cells; some of these cells in the gap between the lobule structures showed extended cytoplasm containing F-actin, indicating a feature of migration activity. The proportion of SOX10-positive cells in the postnatal anterior lobe was lower than 0.025% but about half of them co-localized with the pituitary-specific progenitor cell marker PROP1. Collectively, the present study identified that one of the lineages of S100β-positive cells is a SOX10-positive one and that SOX10-positive cells express pituitary stem/progenitor cell marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ueharu
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Tokyo, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Naoko Kanno
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kotaro Horiguchi
- Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Tokyo, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.,Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Naoto Nishimura
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Tokyo, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan. .,Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Tokyo, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan. .,Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
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13
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Cheung LYM, Davis SW, Brinkmeier ML, Camper SA, Pérez-Millán MI. Regulation of pituitary stem cells by epithelial to mesenchymal transition events and signaling pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 445:14-26. [PMID: 27650955 PMCID: PMC5590650 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The anterior pituitary gland is comprised of specialized cell-types that produce and secrete polypeptide hormones in response to hypothalamic input and feedback from target organs. These specialized cells arise from stem cells that express SOX2 and the pituitary transcription factor PROP1, which is necessary to establish the stem cell pool and promote an epithelial to mesenchymal-like transition, releasing progenitors from the niche. The adult anterior pituitary responds to physiological challenge by mobilizing the SOX2-expressing progenitor pool and producing additional hormone-producing cells. Knowledge of the role of signaling pathways and extracellular matrix components in these processes may lead to improvements in the efficiency of differentiation of embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells into hormone producing cells in vitro. Advances in our basic understanding of pituitary stem cell regulation and differentiation may lead to improved diagnosis and treatment for patients with hypopituitarism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Y M Cheung
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618, USA.
| | - Shannon W Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208-0001, USA.
| | - Michelle L Brinkmeier
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618, USA.
| | - Sally A Camper
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618, USA.
| | - María Inés Pérez-Millán
- Institute of Biomedical Investgations (UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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14
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Ueharu H, Yoshida S, Kikkawa T, Kanno N, Higuchi M, Kato T, Osumi N, Kato Y. Gene tracing analysis reveals the contribution of neural crest-derived cells in pituitary development. J Anat 2016; 230:373-380. [PMID: 28026856 PMCID: PMC5314385 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior pituitary originates from the adenohypophyseal placode. Both the preplacode region and neural crest (NC) derive from subdivision of the neural border region, and further individualization of the placode domain is established by a reciprocal interaction between placodal precursors and NC cells (NCCs). It has long been known that NCCs are present in the adenohypophysis as interstitial cells. A recent report demonstrated that NCCs also contribute to the formation of pericytes in the developing pituitary. Here, we attempt to further clarify the role of NCCs in pituitary development using P0‐Cre/EGFP reporter mice. Spatiotemporal analyses revealed that GFP‐positive NCCs invaded the adenohypophysis in a stepwise manner. The first wave was detected on mouse embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5), when the pituitary primordium begins to be formed by adenohypophyseal placode cells; the second wave occurred on E14.5, when vasculogenesis proceeds from Atwell's recess. Finally, fate tracing of NCCs demonstrated that NC‐derived cells in the adenohypophysis terminally differentiate into all hormone‐producing cell lineages as well as pericytes. Our data suggest that NCCs contribute to pituitary organogenesis and vasculogenesis in conjunction with placode‐derived pituitary stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ueharu
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Institute for Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takako Kikkawa
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoko Kanno
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Higuchi
- Institute for Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Institute for Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.,Institute for Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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15
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Abstract
Research over the last 20 years has led to the elucidation of the genetic aetiologies of Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency (IGHD) and Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (CPHD). The pituitary plays a central role in growth regulation, coordinating the multitude of central and peripheral signals to maintain the body's internal balance. Naturally occurring mutation in humans and in mice have demonstrated a role for several factors in the aetiology of IGHD/CPHD. Mutations in the GH1 and GHRHR genes shed light on the phenotype and pathogenesis of IGHD whereas mutations in transcription factors such as HESX1, PROP1, POU1F1, LHX3, LHX4, GLI2 and SOX3 contributed to the understanding of CPHD. Depending upon the expression patterns of these molecules, the phenotype may consist of isolated hypopituitarism, or more complex disorders such as septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) and holoprosencephaly. Although numerous monogenic causes of growth disorders have been identified, most of the patients with IGHD/CPHD remain with an explained aetiology as shown by the relatively low mutation detection rate. The introduction of novel diagnostic approaches is now leading to the disclosure of novel genetic causes in disorders characterized by pituitary hormone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Giordano
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Human Genetics, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
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16
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Kanno N, Higuchi M, Yoshida S, Yako H, Chen M, Ueharu H, Nishimura N, Kato T, Kato Y. Expression studies of neuronatin in prenatal and postnatal rat pituitary. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:273-88. [PMID: 26613603 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The pituitary gland, an indispensable endocrine organ that synthesizes and secretes pituitary hormones, develops with the support of many factors. Among them, neuronatin (NNAT), which was discovered in the neonatal mouse brain as a factor involved in neural development, has subsequently been revealed to be coded by an abundantly expressing gene in the pituitary gland but its role remains elusive. We analyze the expression profile of Nnat and the localization of its product during rat pituitary development. The level of Nnat expression was high during the embryonic period but remarkably decreased after birth. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that NNAT appeared in the SOX2-positive stem/progenitor cells in the developing pituitary primordium on rat embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) and later in the majority of SOX2/PROP1 double-positive cells on E13.5. Thereafter, during pituitary embryonic development, Nnat expression was observed in some stem/progenitor cells, proliferating cells and terminally differentiating cells. In postnatal pituitaries, NNAT-positive cells decreased in number, with most coexpressing Sox2 or Pit1, suggesting a similar role for NNAT to that during the embryonic period. NNAT was widely localized in mitochondria, peroxisomes and lysosomes, in addition to the endoplasmic reticulum but not in the Golgi. The present study thus demonstrated the variability in expression of NNAT-positive cells in rat embryonic and postnatal pituitaries and the intracellular localization of NNAT. Further investigations to obtain functional evidence for NNAT are a prerequisite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kanno
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masashi Higuchi
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Property, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.,Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hideji Yako
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Mo Chen
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Property, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.,Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ueharu
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Naoto Nishimura
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Property, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.,Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan. .,Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
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17
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Ziemnicka K, Budny B, Drobnik K, Baszko-Błaszyk D, Stajgis M, Katulska K, Waśko R, Wrotkowska E, Słomski R, Ruchała M. Two coexisting heterozygous frameshift mutations in PROP1 are responsible for a different phenotype of combined pituitary hormone deficiency. J Appl Genet 2015; 57:373-81. [PMID: 26608600 PMCID: PMC4963446 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of genetic background in childhood-onset combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) has been extensively studied. The major contributors are the PROP1, POU1F1, LHX3, LHX4 and HESX1 genes coding transcription factors implicated in pituitary organogenesis. The clinical consequences of mutations encompass impaired synthesis of a growth hormone (GH) and one or more concurrent pituitary hormones (i.e. LH, FSH, TSH, PRL). Manifestation of the disorder may vary due to various mutation impacts on the final gene products or an influence of environmental factors during pituitary organogenesis. We describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of two brothers aged 47 and 39 years presenting an uncommon manifestation of congenital hypopituitarism. Sequencing of the PROP1, POU1F1, LHX3, LHX4 and HESX1 genes was performed to confirm the genetic origin of the disorder. A compound heterozygosity in the PROP1 gene has been identified for both probands. The first change represents a mutational hot spot (c.150delA, p.R53fsX164), whereas the second is a novel alteration (p.R112X) that leads to protein disruption. Based on precise genetic diagnosis, an in silico prediction of a p.R112X mutation on protein architecture was performed. The resulting clinical phenotype was surprisingly distinct compared to most patients with genetic alterations in PROP1 reported in the current literature. This may be caused by a residual activity of a newly identified p.R112X protein that preserves over 70 % of the homeodomain structure. This examination may confirm a key role of a DNA-binding homeodomain in maintaining PROP1 functionality and suggests a conceivable explanation of an unusual phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ziemnicka
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Str., 60-355, Poznan, Poland.
| | - B Budny
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Str., 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - K Drobnik
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Str., 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - D Baszko-Błaszyk
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Str., 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Stajgis
- Department of General Radiology II, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - K Katulska
- Department of General Radiology II, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - R Waśko
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Str., 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - E Wrotkowska
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Str., 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - R Słomski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Poznan, Poland.,Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Ruchała
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Str., 60-355, Poznan, Poland
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18
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Yoshida S, Kato T, Higuchi M, Yako H, Chen M, Kanno N, Ueharu H, Kato Y. Rapid transition of NESTIN-expressing dividing cells from PROP1-positive to PIT1-positive advances prenatal pituitary development. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:779-91. [PMID: 23855824 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that the quantitative and qualitative transition of stem/progenitor cells occurs by the acquisition of a novel mechanism in the terminal differentiation during postnatal development of the anterior pituitary. We hypothesised that this novel mechanism is an alteration of a cell supply system accompanying proliferation of the progenitor cells. In the present study, we examined the proliferation activities of progenitor cells by indication of the expression of Nestin, a marker of rapidly dividing progenitor cells, aiming to verify our hypothesis and to resolve another outstanding issue regarding whether the Nestin gene is expressed in the pituitary. We found that NESTIN-positive dividing cells certainly exist in the pituitary through all stages of development. Almost all of the PROP1-positive progenitor cells express Nestin in early embryonic pituitary development. Thereafter, Nestin-expressing dividing cells involved in the cell supply system transfer from PROP1-positive progenitor cells to committed progenitor cells, such as PIT1-positive cells, on neonatal pituitary development. Furthermore, our data, together with the findings of previous studies on cell lineage tracing analyses using Nestin-Cre mice derived by the central nervous system (CNS)-specific Nestin promoter, suggest that at least two regulation systems for Nestin-expression exist in the pituitary, with the majority of these not being CNS-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yoshida
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
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19
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Sugiyama Y, Ikeshita N, Shibahara H, Yamamoto D, Kawagishi M, Iguchi G, Iida K, Takahashi Y, Kaji H, Chihara K, Okimura Y. A PROP1-binding factor, AES cloned by yeast two-hybrid assay represses PROP1-induced Pit-1 gene expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 376:93-8. [PMID: 23732115 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PROP1 mutation causes combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). Several mutations are located in a transactivation domain (TAD) of Prop1, and the loss of TAD binding to cofactors is likely the cause of CPHD. PROP1 cofactors have not yet been identified. In the present study, we aimed to identify the PROP1-interacting proteins from the human brain cDNA library. Using a yeast two-hybrid assay, we cloned nine candidate proteins that may bind to PROP1. Of those nine candidates, amino-terminal enhancer of split (AES) was the most abundant, and we analyzed the AES function. AES dose-dependently decreased the PROP1-induced Pit-1 reporter gene expression. An immunoprecipitation assay revealed the relationship between AES and PROP1. In a mammalian two-hybrid assay, a leucine zipper-like motif of the AES Q domain was identified as a region that interacted with TAD. These results indicated that AES was a corepressor of PROP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Sugiyama
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
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20
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Maghnie M, Rossi A, di Iorgi N, Gastaldi R, Tortori-Donati P, Lorini R. Hypothalamic-pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in growth hormone deficiency. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2006; 1:413-423. [PMID: 30764079 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.1.3.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The accurate analysis of the hypothalamic-pituitary area is essential in the diagnosis of endocrine-related diseases. High-quality magnetic resonance imaging represents the examination modality of choice in the evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary morphology. Indeed, the advent of molecular biology and neuroimaging techniques has led to significant progress in the understanding of the pathogenesis of disorders affecting the pituitary gland, specifically by demonstrating a clear phenotype-genotype relationship. Animal studies, along with the correlation of a particular genetic profile to certain endocrine and magnetic resonance imaging phenotypes in humans, have yielded great insights into pituitary development. Today, there is convincing evidence to support the hypothesis that marked magnetic resonance imaging differences in pituitary morphology indicate a variety of disorders that affect anterior pituitary gland organogenesis and function with a variety of diverse prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Maghnie
- a IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Department of Pediatrics, Largo Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Rossi
- b IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Department of Neuradiology, Largo Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.
| | - Natascia di Iorgi
- c IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Department of Pediatrics, Largo Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.
| | - Roberto Gastaldi
- d IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Department of Pediatrics, Largo Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.
| | - Paolo Tortori-Donati
- e IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Department of Neuroradiology, Largo Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.
| | - Renata Lorini
- f IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Department of Pediatrics, Largo Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.
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