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Gatica-Garcia B, Bannon MJ, Martínez-Dávila IA, Soto-Rojas LO, Reyes-Corona D, Escobedo L, Maldonado-Berny M, Gutierrez-Castillo ME, Espadas-Alvarez AJ, Fernandez-Parrilla MA, Mascotte-Cruz JU, Rodríguez-Oviedo CP, Valenzuela-Arzeta IE, Luna-Herrera C, Lopez-Salas FE, Santoyo-Salazar J, Martinez-Fong D. Unilateral rNurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neuropathology and behavioral deficits in parkinsonian rats with α-synucleinopathy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2057-2067. [PMID: 38227536 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202409000-00039/figure1/v/2024-01-16T170235Z/r/image-tiff Parkinsonism by unilateral, intranigral β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside administration in rats is distinguished in that the α-synuclein insult begins unilaterally but spreads bilaterally and increases in severity over time, thus replicating several clinical features of Parkinson's disease, a typical α-synucleinopathy. As Nurr1 represses α-synuclein, we evaluated whether unilateral transfected of rNurr1-V5 transgene via neurotensin-polyplex to the substantia nigra on day 30 after unilateral β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside lesion could affect bilateral neuropathology and sensorimotor deficits on day 30 post-transfection. This study found that rNurr1-V5 expression but not that of the green fluorescent protein (the negative control) reduced β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside-induced neuropathology. Accordingly, a bilateral increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells and arborization occurred in the substantia nigra and increased tyrosine hydroxylase-positive ramifications in the striatum. In addition, tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells displayed less senescence marker β-galactosidase and more neuron-cytoskeleton marker βIII-tubulin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. A significant decrease in activated microglia (positive to ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1) and neurotoxic astrocytes (positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and complement component 3) and increased neurotrophic astrocytes (positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 calcium-binding protein A10) also occurred in the substantia nigra. These effects followed the bilateral reduction in α-synuclein aggregates in the nigrostriatal system, improving sensorimotor behavior. Our results show that unilateral rNurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neurodegeneration (senescence and loss of neuron-cytoskeleton and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells), neuroinflammation (activated microglia, neurotoxic astrocytes), α-synuclein aggregation, and sensorimotor deficits. Increased neurotrophic astrocytes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor can mediate the rNurr1-V5 effect, supporting its potential clinical use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bismark Gatica-Garcia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Michael J Bannon
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Irma Alicia Martínez-Dávila
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis O Soto-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, México
- Red de Medicina para la Educación y Desarrollo y la Investigación Científica de Iztacala (Red MEDICI), Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, México
| | | | - Lourdes Escobedo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Minerva Maldonado-Berny
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M E Gutierrez-Castillo
- Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando J Espadas-Alvarez
- Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Juan U Mascotte-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Irais E Valenzuela-Arzeta
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia Luna-Herrera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco E Lopez-Salas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jaime Santoyo-Salazar
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
- Nanoparticle Therapy Institute, Aguascalientes, México
- Programa de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
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2
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Hamidpour SK, Amiri M, Ketabforoush AHME, Saeedi S, Angaji A, Tavakol S. Unraveling Dysregulated Cell Signaling Pathways, Genetic and Epigenetic Mysteries of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1. [PMID: 38573414 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent and burdensome neurodegenerative disorder that has been extensively researched to understand its complex etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The interplay between genetic and environmental factors in PD makes its pathophysiology difficult to comprehend, emphasizing the need for further investigation into genetic and epigenetic markers involved in the disease. Early diagnosis is crucial for optimal management of the disease, and the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers is ongoing. Although many efforts have been made in the field of recognition and interpretation of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, the current knowledge about PD is just the tip of the iceberg. By scrutinizing genetic and epigenetic patterns underlying PD, new avenues can be opened for dissecting the pathology of the disorder, leading to more precise and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review emphasizes the importance of studying dysregulated cell signaling pathways and molecular processes associated with genes and epigenetic alterations in understanding PD, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayesteh Kokabi Hamidpour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Amiri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeedeh Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
- Department of Research and Development, Tavakol BioMimetic Technologies Company, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Rosety I, Zagare A, Saraiva C, Nickels S, Antony P, Almeida C, Glaab E, Halder R, Velychko S, Rauen T, Schöler HR, Bolognin S, Sauter T, Jarazo J, Krüger R, Schwamborn JC. Impaired neuron differentiation in GBA-associated Parkinson's disease is linked to cell cycle defects in organoids. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:166. [PMID: 38110400 PMCID: PMC10728202 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD) etiology are only partially understood despite intensive research conducted in the field. Recent evidence suggests that early neurodevelopmental defects might play a role in cellular susceptibility to neurodegeneration. To study the early developmental contribution of GBA mutations in PD we used patient-derived iPSCs carrying a heterozygous N370S mutation in the GBA gene. Patient-specific midbrain organoids displayed GBA-PD relevant phenotypes such as reduction of GCase activity, autophagy impairment, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Genome-scale metabolic (GEM) modeling predicted changes in lipid metabolism which were validated with lipidomics analysis, showing significant differences in the lipidome of GBA-PD. In addition, patient-specific midbrain organoids exhibited a decrease in the number and complexity of dopaminergic neurons. This was accompanied by an increase in the neural progenitor population showing signs of oxidative stress-induced damage and premature cellular senescence. These results provide insights into how GBA mutations may lead to neurodevelopmental defects thereby predisposing to PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rosety
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- OrganoTherapeutics SARL-S, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alise Zagare
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Claudia Saraiva
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sarah Nickels
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Antony
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Catarina Almeida
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Biomedical Data Science group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rashi Halder
- Systems Ecology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sergiy Velychko
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, MPG White Paper Group - Animal Testing in the Max Planck Society, Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Rauen
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, MPG White Paper Group - Animal Testing in the Max Planck Society, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, MPG White Paper Group - Animal Testing in the Max Planck Society, Muenster, Germany
| | - Silvia Bolognin
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, 4367, Luxembourg
| | - Javier Jarazo
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- OrganoTherapeutics SARL-S, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Transversial Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 1 A-B rue Thomas Ediison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Marshall P. Finding an Optimal Level of GDNF Overexpression: Insights from Dopamine Cycling. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3179-3189. [PMID: 37410316 PMCID: PMC10477250 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of glial cell line-derive neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to cell cultures and animal models has demonstrated positive effects upon dopaminergic neuronal survival and development, function, restoration, and protection. On this basis, recombinant GDNF protein has been trialled in the treatment of late-stage human Parkinson's disease patients with only limited success that is likely due to a lack of viable receptor targets in an advanced state of neurodegeneration. The latest research points to more refined approaches of modulating GDNF signalling and an optimal quantity and spatial regulation of GDNF can be extrapolated using regulation of dopamine as a proxy measure. The basic research literature on dopaminergic effects of GDNF in animal models is reviewed, concluding that a twofold increase in natively expressing cells increases dopamine turnover and maximises neuroprotective and beneficial motor effects whilst minimising hyperdopaminergia and other side-effects. Methodological considerations for measurement of dopamine levels and neuroanatomical distinctions are made between populations of dopamine neurons and their respective effects upon movement and behaviour that will inform future research into this still-relevant growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pepin Marshall
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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5
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Zhao L, Wang N, Zhang D, Jia Y, Kong F. A comprehensive overview of the relationship between RET gene and tumor occurrence. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1090757. [PMID: 36865807 PMCID: PMC9971812 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1090757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RET gene plays significant roles in the nervous system and many other tissues. Rearranged during transfection (RET) mutation is related to cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Many invasive tumors (e.g., non-small cell lung cancer, thyroid cancer, and breast cancer) were found to have changes in RET. Recently, great efforts have been made against RET. Selpercatinib and pralsetinib, with encouraging efficacy, intracranial activity, and tolerability, were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2020. The development of acquired resistance is inevitable, and a deeper exploration should be conducted. This article systematically reviewed RET gene and its biology as well as the oncogenic role in multiple cancers. Moreover, we also summarized recent advances in the treatment of RET and the mechanism of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Dou Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanming Kong
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Fanming Kong,
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6
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Olfat S, Mätlik K, Kopra JJ, Garton DR, Iivanainen VH, Bhattacharya D, Jakobsson J, Piepponen TP, Andressoo JO. Increased Physiological GDNF Levels Have No Effect on Dopamine Neuron Protection and Restoration in a Proteasome Inhibition Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0097-22.2023. [PMID: 36690469 PMCID: PMC9910577 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0097-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that comprises a range of motor and nonmotor symptoms. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes the survival of dopamine neurons in vitro and in vivo, and intracranial delivery of GDNF has been tested in six clinical trials for treating PD. However, clinical trials with ectopic GDNF have yielded variable results, which could in part result from abnormal expression site and levels caused by ectopic overexpression. Therefore, an important open question is whether an increase in endogenous GDNF expression could be potent in reversing PD progression. Here, we tested the therapeutic potential of endogenous GDNF using mice in which endogenous GDNF can be conditionally upregulated specifically in cells that express GDNF naturally (conditional GDNF hypermorphic mice; GdnfcHyper ). We analyzed the impact of endogenous GDNF upregulation in both neuroprotection and neurorestoration procedures, and for both motor and nonmotor symptoms in the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin (LC) model of PD. Our results showed that upregulation of endogenous GDNF in the adult striatum is not protective in LC-induced PD model in mice. Since age is the largest risk factor for PD, we also analyzed the effect of deletion of endogenous GDNF in aged Gdnf conditional knock-out mice. We found that GDNF deletion does not increase susceptibility to LC-induced damage. We conclude that endogenous GDNF does not impact the outcome in the LC-induced proteasome inhibition mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soophie Olfat
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Center & Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Kärt Mätlik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Center & Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Jaakko J Kopra
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Daniel R Garton
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Center & Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Vilma H Iivanainen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Center & Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Dipabarna Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Center & Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Johan Jakobsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - T Petteri Piepponen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jaan-Olle Andressoo
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Center & Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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7
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Zochodne DW. Growth factors and molecular-driven plasticity in neurological systems. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:569-598. [PMID: 37620091 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been almost 70 years since the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF), a period of a dramatic evolution in our understanding of dynamic growth, regeneration, and rewiring of the nervous system. In 1953, the extraordinary finding that a protein found in mouse submandibular glands generated a halo of outgrowing axons has now redefined our concept of the nervous system connectome. Central and peripheral neurons and their axons or dendrites are no longer considered fixed or static "wiring." Exploiting this molecular-driven plasticity as a therapeutic approach has arrived in the clinic with a slate of new trials and ideas. Neural growth factors (GFs), soluble proteins that alter the behavior of neurons, have expanded in numbers and our understanding of the complexity of their signaling and interactions with other proteins has intensified. However, beyond these "extrinsic" determinants of neuron growth and function are the downstream pathways that impact neurons, ripe for translational development and potentially more important than individual growth factors that may trigger them. Persistent and ongoing nuances in clinical trial design in some of the most intractable and irreversible neurological conditions give hope for connecting new biological ideas with clinical benefits. This review is a targeted update on neural GFs, their signals, and new therapeutic ideas, selected from an expansive literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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8
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The Role of NEDD4 E3 Ubiquitin–Protein Ligases in Parkinson’s Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030513. [PMID: 35328067 PMCID: PMC8950476 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that causes a great clinical burden. However, its exact molecular pathologies are not fully understood. Whilst there are a number of avenues for research into slowing, halting, or reversing PD, one central idea is to enhance the clearance of the proposed aetiological protein, oligomeric α-synuclein. Oligomeric α-synuclein is the main constituent protein in Lewy bodies and neurites and is considered neurotoxic. Multiple E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, including the NEDD4 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4) family, parkin, SIAH (mammalian homologues of Drosophila seven in absentia), CHIP (carboxy-terminus of Hsc70 interacting protein), and SCFFXBL5 SCF ubiquitin ligase assembled by the S-phase kinase-associated protein (SKP1), cullin-1 (Cul1), a zinc-binding RING finger protein, and the F-box domain/Leucine-rich repeat protein 5-containing protein FBXL5), have been shown to be able to ubiquitinate α-synuclein, influencing its subsequent degradation via the proteasome or lysosome. Here, we explore the link between NEDD4 ligases and PD, which is not only via α-synuclein but further strengthened by several additional substrates and interaction partners. Some members of the NEDD4 family of ligases are thought to crosstalk even with PD-related genes and proteins found to be mutated in familial forms of PD. Mutations in NEDD4 family genes have not been observed in PD patients, most likely because of their essential survival function during development. Following further in vivo studies, it has been thought that NEDD4 ligases may be viable therapeutic targets in PD. NEDD4 family members could clear toxic proteins, enhancing cell survival and slowing disease progression, or might diminish beneficial proteins, reducing cell survival and accelerating disease progression. Here, we review studies to date on the expression and function of NEDD4 ubiquitin ligases in the brain and their possible impact on PD pathology.
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9
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Novel insights on GM1 and Parkinson's disease: A critical review. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:27-38. [PMID: 35064857 PMCID: PMC8979868 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
GM1 is a crucial component of neuronal membrane residing both in the soma and nerve terminals. As reported in Parkinson’s disease patients, the reduction of GM1 determines the failure of fundamental functional processes leading to cumulative cell distress up to neuron death. This review reports on the role of GM1 in the pathogenesis of the disease, illustrating the current data available but also hypotheses on the additional mechanisms in which GM1 could be involved and which require further study. In the manuscript we discuss these points trying to explain the role of diminished content of brain GM1, particularly in the nigro-striatal system, in Parkinson’s disease etiology and progression.
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10
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Conway JA, Kramer ER. Is activation of GDNF/RET signaling the answer for successful treatment of Parkinson's disease? A discussion of data from the culture dish to the clinic. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1462-1467. [PMID: 34916419 PMCID: PMC8771118 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophic signaling of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) with its canonical receptor, the receptor tyrosine kinase RET, coupled together with the GDNF family receptor alpha 1 is important for dopaminergic neuron survival and physiology in cell culture experiments and animal models. This prompted the idea to try GDNF/RET signaling as a therapeutic approach to treat Parkinson's disease with the hallmark of dopaminergic cell death in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. Despite several clinical trials with GDNF in Parkinson's disease patients, which mainly focused on optimizing the GDNF delivery technique, benefits were only seen in a few patients. In general, the endpoints did not show significant improvements. This suggests that it will be helpful to learn more about the basic biology of this fascinating but complicated GDNF/RET signaling system in the dopaminergic midbrain and about recent developments in the field to facilitate its use in the clinic. Here we will refer to the latest publications and point out important open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Conway
- Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Edgar R Kramer
- Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
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11
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Muzyka VV, Badea TC. Genetic interplay between transcription factor Pou4f1/Brn3a and neurotrophin receptor Ret in retinal ganglion cell type specification. Neural Dev 2021; 16:5. [PMID: 34548095 PMCID: PMC8454062 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-021-00155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While the transcriptional code governing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) type specification begins to be understood, its interplay with neurotrophic signaling is largely unexplored. In mice, the transcription factor Brn3a/Pou4f1 is expressed in most RGCs, and is required for the specification of RGCs with small dendritic arbors. The Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) receptor Ret is expressed in a subset of RGCs, including some expressing Brn3a, but its role in RGC development is not defined. Methods Here we use combinatorial genetic experiments using conditional knock-in reporter alleles at the Brn3a and Ret loci, in combination with retina- or Ret specific Cre drivers, to generate complete or mosaic genetic ablations of either Brn3a or Ret in RGCs. We then use sparse labelling to investigate Brn3a and Ret gene dosage effects on RGC dendritic arbor morphology. In addition, we use immunostaining and/or gene expression profiling by RNASeq to identify transcriptional targets relevant for the potential Brn3a-Ret interaction in RGC development. Results We find that mosaic gene dosage manipulation of the transcription factor Brn3a/Pou4f1 in neurotrophic receptor Ret heterozygote RGCs results in altered cell fate decisions and/or morphological dendritic defects. Specific RGC types are lost if Brn3a is ablated during embryogenesis and only mildly affected by postnatal Brn3a ablation. Sparse but not complete Brn3a heterozygosity combined with complete Ret heterozygosity has striking effects on RGC type distribution. Brn3a only mildly modulates Ret transcription, while Ret knockouts exhibit slightly skewed Brn3a and Brn3b expression during development that is corrected by adult age. Brn3a loss of function modestly but significantly affects distribution of Ret co-receptors GFRα1-3, and neurotrophin receptors TrkA and TrkC in RGCs. Conclusions Based on these observations, we propose that Brn3a and Ret converge onto developmental pathways that control RGC type specification, potentially through a competitive mechanism requiring signaling from the surrounding tissue. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13064-021-00155-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vladimirovich Muzyka
- Retinal Circuit Development & Genetics Unit, Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Tudor Constantin Badea
- Retinal Circuit Development & Genetics Unit, Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Research and Development Institute, School of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania.
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Editorial for the special issue neurotrophic factors. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 382:1-4. [PMID: 32974736 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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GDNF requires HIF-1α and RET activation for suppression of programmed cell death of enteric neurons by metabolic challenge. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 115:103655. [PMID: 34273501 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation challenges both function and structure of the enteric nervous system (ENS). In the animal model of TNBS-induced colitis, an influx of immune cells causes early neuron death in the neuromuscular layers, followed by axonal outgrowth from surviving neurons associated with upregulation of the neurotrophin GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor). Inflammation could involve ischemia and metabolic inhibition leading to neuronal damage, which might be countered by a protective action of GDNF. This was examined in a primary co-culture model of rat myenteric neurons and smooth muscle, where metabolic challenge was caused by dinitrophenol (DNP), O-methyl glucose (OMG) or hypoxia. These caused the specific loss of 50% of neurons by 24 h that was blocked by GDNF both in vitro and in whole mounts. Neuroprotection was lost with RET inhibition by vandetanib or GSK3179106, which also caused neuron loss in untreated controls. Thus, both basal and upregulated GDNF levels signal via RET for neuronal survival. This includes a key role for upregulation of HIF-1α, which was detected in neurons in colitis, since the inhibitor chetomin blocked rescue by GDNF or ischemic pre-conditioning in vitro. In DNP-treated co-cultures, neuron death was not inhibited by zVAD, necrosulfonamide or GSK872, and cleaved caspase-3 or - 8 were undetectable. However, combinations of inhibitors or the RIP1kinase inhibitor Nec-1 prevented neuronal death, evidence for RIPK1-dependent necroptosis. Therefore, inflammation challenges enteric neurons via ischemia, while GDNF is neuroprotective, activating RET and HIF-1α to limit programmed cell death. This may support novel strategies to address recurrent inflammation in IBD.
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D'avila LF, Dias VT, Milanesi LH, Roversi K, Trevizol F, Maurer LH, Emanuelli T, Burger ME, Segat HJ. Interesterified fat consumption since gestation decreases striatal dopaminergic targets levels and gdnf impairing locomotion of adult offspring. Toxicol Lett 2020; 339:23-31. [PMID: 33359558 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interesterified fat (IF) currently substitutes the hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF) in processed foods. However, the IF consumption impact on the central nervous system (CNS) has been poorly studied. The current study investigated connections between IF chronic consumption and locomotor impairments in early life period and adulthood of rats and access brain molecular targets related to behavior changes in adulthood offspring. During pregnancy and lactation, female rats received soybean oil (SO) or IF and their male pups received the same maternal supplementation from weaning until adulthood. Pups' motor ability and locomotor activity in adulthood were evaluated. In the adult offspring striatum, dopaminergic targets, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDFN) and lipid profile were quantified. Pups from IF supplementation group presented impaired learning concerning complex motor skill and sensorimotor behavior. The same animals showed decreased locomotion in adulthood. Moreover, IF group showed decreased immunoreactivity of all dopaminergic targets evaluated and GDNF, along with important changes in FA composition in striatum. This study shows that the brain modifications induce by IF consumption resulted in impaired motor control in pups and decreased locomotion in adult animals. Other studies about health damages induced by IF consumption may have a contribution from our current outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Ferraz D'avila
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Verônica Tironi Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Laura Hautrive Milanesi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Karine Roversi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Trevizol
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Luana Haselein Maurer
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Hecson Jesser Segat
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
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