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Setsuko S, Sugai K, Tamaki I, Hayama K, Kato H. Ecotype variation in the endemic tree Callicarpa subpubescens on small oceanic islands: genetic, phenotypic, and environmental insights. Heredity (Edinb) 2024; 132:309-319. [PMID: 38714843 PMCID: PMC11166659 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-024-00684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Callicarpa subpubescens, endemic to the Ogasawara Islands, is suggested to have multiple ecotypes in the Hahajima Islands, specifically in the central part of the Ogasawara Islands. In this study, associations between genetic groups and spatial distribution, habitat, leaf morphology, size structure, and flowering time of each genetic group were investigated on Hahajima and the satellite Imoutojima Islands. Genetic groups were identified using EST-SSR markers, revealing four ecotypes named based on morphological features: Dwarf (D), Glabrescent (G), Tall (T), and Middle (M), with M being a result of the hybridization of G and T. Ecotype D, adapted to dry environments, is characterized by small tree size, dense thick leaves with abundant hairs, and is distributed in dry scrub. Ecotype G, adapted to understory of mesic forests, lacks leaf hairs. Ecotype T, adapted to the canopy of mesic forests, has hairy leaves and is tall in tree height. Ecotype M, adapted to the canopy of mesic scrub or edges of mesic forests, has hairy leaves but with a shorter tree height than ecotype T. Flowering peaks differed among all ecotype pairs except G and M, but the flowering times more or less overlapped among all ecotypes, suggesting that pre-mating isolation among ecotypes is not perfect. Post-mating isolation is considered absent, as there were no differences in the results, germination, and survival rates of one-year seedlings among inter- and intra-ecotype crossings. The existence of such ecotypes provides valuable insights into the ongoing speciation processes adapting to the oceanic island environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuki Setsuko
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Sugai
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tamaki
- Gifu Field Science Center, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kayo Hayama
- Ogasawara Environmental Planning Laboratory, Motochi, Ogasawara, Tokyo, 100-2211, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kato
- Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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Amada G, Yoshiko K, Kitayama K, Onoda Y. Roles of lower-side leaf trichomes in diffusion resistance and gas-exchange characteristics across environmental gradients in Metrosideros polymorpha. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1400-1415. [PMID: 37098162 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaf trichomes on the lower leaf surface are common in many plant species, especially those grown under dry and/or low-temperature conditions; however, their adaptive significance remains unclear. Lower-side leaf trichomes can directly decrease gas fluxes through increased gas-diffusion resistance but can indirectly increase gas fluxes through increased leaf temperature owing to increased heat-diffusion resistance. We examined whether the combined direct and indirect effects of trichome resistance increase photosynthetic rates and water-use efficiency (WUE) using Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud., which varies widely in the masses of lower-side non-glandular leaf trichomes across various environments on the Hawaiian Islands. We employed both field surveys, including ecophysiological measurements at five elevation sites, and simulation analyses to predict the gas-exchange rates of leaves with various trichome-layer thicknesses across a wide range of environmental conditions. Field surveys showed that the trichome-layer thickness was the largest at the coldest and driest site and the thinnest at the wettest site. Field surveys, experimental manipulations and simulation analyses demonstrated that leaf trichomes significantly increased leaf temperature owing to the increased heat resistance. Simulation analyses showed that the effect of leaf trichomes on heat resistance was much larger than that on gas-flux resistance. Leaf trichomes can increase daily photosynthesis only in cold dry areas by increasing the leaf temperature. However, the increased leaf temperature with leaf trichomes resulted in a consistent decrease in the daily WUE at all elevation sites. The magnitudes of trichome effects on gas-exchange rates were associated with the temperature difference across the elevational gradient, the strong light intensity in Hawaii, the leaf-size variation and the conservative stomatal behavior of M. polymorpha as well as the trichome-layer thickness. In summary, the lower-side leaf trichomes in M. polymorpha can be beneficial for carbon assimilation in low-temperature environments but not for water conservation in most environments in terms of diffusion resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Amada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan
| | - Kosugi Yoshiko
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kanehiro Kitayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Arteaga N, Méndez‐Vigo B, Fuster‐Pons A, Savic M, Murillo‐Sánchez A, Picó FX, Alonso‐Blanco C. Differential environmental and genomic architectures shape the natural diversity for trichome patterning and morphology in different Arabidopsis organs. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3018-3035. [PMID: 35289421 PMCID: PMC9541492 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the adaptive and taxonomic relevance of the natural diversity for trichome patterning and morphology, the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying these traits remain mostly unknown, particularly in organs other than leaves. In this study, we address the ecological, genetic and molecular bases of the natural variation for trichome patterning and branching in multiple organs of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To this end, we characterized a collection of 191 accessions and carried out environmental and genome-wide association (GWA) analyses. Trichome amount in different organs correlated negatively with precipitation in distinct seasons, thus suggesting a precise fit between trichome patterning and climate throughout the Arabidopsis life cycle. In addition, GWA analyses showed small overlapping between the genes associated with different organs, indicating partly independent genetic bases for vegetative and reproductive phases. These analyses identified a complex locus on chromosome 2, where two adjacent MYB genes (ETC2 and TCL1) displayed differential effects on trichome patterning in several organs. Furthermore, analyses of transgenic lines carrying different natural alleles demonstrated that TCL1 accounts for the variation for trichome patterning in all organs, and for stem trichome branching. By contrast, two other MYB genes (TRY and GL1), mainly showed effects on trichome patterning or branching, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Arteaga
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Belén Méndez‐Vigo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Alberto Fuster‐Pons
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Marija Savic
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Alba Murillo‐Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - F. Xavier Picó
- Departamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)SevillaSpain
| | - Carlos Alonso‐Blanco
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
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Izuno A, Onoda Y, Amada G, Kobayashi K, Mukai M, Isagi Y, Shimizu KK. Demography and selection analysis of the incipient adaptive radiation of a Hawaiian woody species. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009987. [PMID: 35061669 PMCID: PMC8782371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological divergence in a species provides a valuable opportunity to study the early stages of speciation. We focused on Metrosideros polymorpha, a unique example of the incipient radiation of woody species, to examine how an ecological divergence continues in the face of gene flow. We analyzed the whole genomes of 70 plants collected throughout the island of Hawaii, which is the youngest island with the highest altitude in the archipelago and encompasses a wide range of environments. The continuous M. polymorpha forest stands on the island of Hawaii were differentiated into three genetic clusters, each of which grows in a distinctive environment and includes substantial genetic and phenotypic diversity. The three genetic clusters showed signatures of selection in genomic regions encompassing genes relevant to environmental adaptations, including genes associated with light utilization, oxidative stress, and leaf senescence, which are likely associated with the ecological differentiation of the species. Our demographic modeling suggested that the glaberrima cluster in wet environments maintained a relatively large population size and two clusters split: polymorpha in the subalpine zone and incana in dry and hot conditions. This ecological divergence possibly began before the species colonized the island of Hawaii. Interestingly, the three clusters recovered genetic connectivity coincidentally with a recent population bottleneck, in line with the weak reproductive isolation observed in the species. This study highlights that the degree of genetic differentiation between ecologically-diverged populations can vary depending on the strength of natural selection in the very early phases of speciation. Knowledge about how genetic barriers are formed between populations in distinct environments is valuable to understand the processes of speciation and conserve biodiversity. Metrosideros polymorpha, an endemic woody species in the Hawaiian Islands, is a good system to study developing genetic barriers in a species, because it colonized the diverse environments and diversified the morphology for a relatively short period of time. We analyzed the genomes of 70 M. polymorpha plants from a broad range of environments on the island of Hawaii to infer the current and past genetic barriers among them. Currently, M. polymorpha plants growing in different environments have substantially different genomes, especially at the genomic regions with genes putatively controlling physiology to fit in distinct environment. However, in its history, they had hybridized with one another, possibly because plants formerly growing in different environments came into close contact due to the climate changes. It is suggested that genetic barriers can easily strengthen or weaken depending on environments splitting the ecology of a species before reproductive isolation becomes complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Izuno
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gaku Amada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keito Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mana Mukai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Isagi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro K. Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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5
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Sur GL, Zahn G, Stacy EA. Examination of host-taxon, environment, and distance effects on leaf fungal endophytes in the dominant woody genus, Metrosideros, on Oʻahu. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Choi JY, Dai X, Alam O, Peng JZ, Rughani P, Hickey S, Harrington E, Juul S, Ayroles JF, Purugganan MD, Stacy EA. Ancestral polymorphisms shape the adaptive radiation of Metrosideros across the Hawaiian Islands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2023801118. [PMID: 34497122 PMCID: PMC8449318 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023801118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the most spectacular adaptive radiations begin with founder populations on remote islands. How genetically limited founder populations give rise to the striking phenotypic and ecological diversity characteristic of adaptive radiations is a paradox of evolutionary biology. We conducted an evolutionary genomics analysis of genus Metrosideros, a landscape-dominant, incipient adaptive radiation of woody plants that spans a striking range of phenotypes and environments across the Hawaiian Islands. Using nanopore-sequencing, we created a chromosome-level genome assembly for Metrosideros polymorpha var. incana and analyzed whole-genome sequences of 131 individuals from 11 taxa sampled across the islands. Demographic modeling and population genomics analyses suggested that Hawaiian Metrosideros originated from a single colonization event and subsequently spread across the archipelago following the formation of new islands. The evolutionary history of Hawaiian Metrosideros shows evidence of extensive reticulation associated with significant sharing of ancestral variation between taxa and secondarily with admixture. Taking advantage of the highly contiguous genome assembly, we investigated the genomic architecture underlying the adaptive radiation and discovered that divergent selection drove the formation of differentiation outliers in paired taxa representing early stages of speciation/divergence. Analysis of the evolutionary origins of the outlier single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed enrichment for ancestral variations under divergent selection. Our findings suggest that Hawaiian Metrosideros possesses an unexpectedly rich pool of ancestral genetic variation, and the reassortment of these variations has fueled the island adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Choi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003;
| | - Xiaoguang Dai
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies Inc., New York, NY 10013
| | - Ornob Alam
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003
| | - Julie Z Peng
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | | | - Scott Hickey
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies Inc., San Francisco, CA 94501
| | | | - Sissel Juul
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies Inc., New York, NY 10013
| | - Julien F Ayroles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Michael D Purugganan
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003
| | - Elizabeth A Stacy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89119;
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720
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Vleminckx J, Fortunel C, Valverde‐Barrantes O, Timothy Paine CE, Engel J, Petronelli P, Dourdain AK, Guevara J, Béroujon S, Baraloto C. Resolving whole‐plant economics from leaf, stem and root traits of 1467 Amazonian tree species. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Vleminckx
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Florida International Univ. FL USA
- Yale Inst. for Biospheric Studies New Haven CT USA
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP (botAnique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Univ. de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | | | - C. E. Timothy Paine
- Environmental and Rural Science, Univ. of New England Armidale New South Wales Australia
| | - Julien Engel
- AMAP (botAnique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Univ. de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD Montpellier Cedex 5 France
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Dept of Biological Sciences, Florida International Univ. Miami FL USA
| | - Pascal Petronelli
- CIRAD, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, AgroParisTech, Univ. de Guyane, Univ. des Antilles Kourou Cedex France
| | - Aurélie K. Dourdain
- CIRAD, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, AgroParisTech, Univ. de Guyane, Univ. des Antilles Kourou Cedex France
| | | | - Solène Béroujon
- UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, AgroParisTech, Univ. de Guyane, Univ. des Antilles Kourou Cedex France
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Florida International Univ. FL USA
- INRAe, UMR Ecologie de Forêts de Guyane, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, INRA, Univ. de Guyane, Univ. des Antilles Kourou Cedex France
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Westerband AC, Knight TM, Barton KE. Intraspecific trait variation and reversals of trait strategies across key climate gradients in native Hawaiian plants and non-native invaders. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:553-564. [PMID: 32211761 PMCID: PMC7988522 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Displacement of native plant species by non-native invaders may result from differences in their carbon economy, yet little is known regarding how variation in leaf traits influences native-invader dynamics across climate gradients. In Hawaii, one of the most heavily invaded biodiversity hotspots in the world, strong spatial variation in climate results from the complex topography, which underlies variation in traits that probably drives shifts in species interactions. METHODS Using one of the most comprehensive trait data sets for Hawaii to date (91 species and four islands), we determined the extent and sources of variation (climate, species and species origin) in leaf traits, and used mixed models to examine differences between natives and non-native invasives. KEY RESULTS We detected significant differences in trait means, such that invasives were more resource acquisitive than natives over most of the climate gradients. However, we also detected trait convergence and a rank reversal (natives more resource acquisitive than invasives) in a sub-set of conditions. There was significant intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in leaf traits of natives and invasives, although invasives expressed significantly greater ITV than natives in water loss and photosynthesis. Species accounted for more trait variation than did climate for invasives, while the reverse was true for natives. Incorporating this climate-driven trait variation significantly improved the fit of models that compared natives and invasives. Lastly, in invasives, ITV was most strongly explained by spatial heterogeneity in moisture, whereas solar energy explains more ITV in natives. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that trait expression and ITV vary significantly between natives and invasives, and that this is mediated by climate. These findings suggest that although natives and invasives are functionally similar at the regional scale, invader success at local scales is contingent on climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Westerband
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Tiffany M Knight
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kasey E Barton
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Abstract
Plants often experience multiple stresses in a given day or season, and it is self-evident that given functional traits can provide tolerances of multiple stresses. Yet, the multiple functions of individual traits are rarely explicitly considered in ecology and evolution due to a lack of a quantitative framework. We present a theory for considering the combined importance of the several functions that a single trait can contribute to alleviating multiple stresses. We derive five inter-related general predictions: (1) that trait multifunctionality is overall highly beneficial to fitness; (2) that species possessing multifunctional traits should increase in abundance and in niche breadth; (3) that traits are typically optimized for multiple functions and thus can be far from optimal for individual functions; (4) that the relative importance of each function of a multifunctional trait depends on the environment; and (5) that traits will be often "co-opted" for additional functions during evolution and community assembly. We demonstrate how the theory can be applied quantitatively by examining the multiple functions of leaf trichomes (hairs) using heuristic model simulations, substantiating the general principles. We identify avenues for further development and applications of the theory of trait multifunctionality in ecology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Ando S, Isagi Y, Kitayama K. Genecology and ecophysiology of the maintenance of foliar phenotypic polymorphisms of
Leptospermum recurvum
(Myrtaceae) under oscillating atmospheric desiccation in the tropical‐subalpine zone of Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Ecol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuji Isagi
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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Amada G, Kobayashi K, Izuno A, Mukai M, Ostertag R, Kitayama K, Onoda Y. Leaf trichomes in Metrosideros polymorpha can contribute to avoiding extra water stress by impeding gall formation. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:533-542. [PMID: 31784739 PMCID: PMC7061171 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants inhabiting arid environments tend to have leaf trichomes, but their adaptive significance remains unclear. Leaf trichomes are known to play a role in plant defence against herbivores, including gall makers. Because gall formation can increase water loss partly through increased surface area, we tested the novel hypothesis that leaf trichomes could contribute to avoiding extra water stress by impeding gall formation, which would have adaptive advantages in arid environments. METHODS We focused on Metrosideros polymorpha, an endemic tree species in the Hawaiian Islands, whose leaves often suffer from galls formed by specialist insects, Hawaiian psyllids (Pariaconus spp.). There is large variation in the amount of leaf trichomes (0-40 % of leaf mass) in M. polymorpha. Three gall types are found on the island of Hawaii: the largest is the 'cone' type, followed by 'flat' and 'pit' types. We conducted laboratory experiments to quantify the extent to which gall formation is associated with leaf water relations. We also conducted a field census of 1779 individuals from 48 populations across the entire range of habitats of M. polymorpha on the island of Hawaii to evaluate associations between gall formation (presence and abundance) and the amount of leaf trichomes. KEY RESULTS Our laboratory experiment showed that leaf minimum conductance was significantly higher in leaves with a greater number of cone- or flat-type galls but not pit-type galls. Our field census suggested that the amount of trichomes was negatively associated with probabilities of the presence of cone- or flat-type galls but not pit-type galls, irrespective of environmental factors. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that leaf trichomes in M. polymorpha can contribute to the avoidance of extra water stress through interactions with some gall-making species, and potentially increase the fitness of plants under arid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Amada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keito Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Izuno
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mana Mukai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rebecca Ostertag
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, 200 W. Kāwili St. Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Kanehiro Kitayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Updated Genome Assembly and Annotation for Metrosideros polymorpha, an Emerging Model Tree Species of Ecological Divergence. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:3513-3520. [PMID: 31540972 PMCID: PMC6829130 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accurate feature annotation as well as assembly contiguity are important requisites of a modern genome assembly. They allow large-scale comparison of genomes across and within species and identification of polymorphisms, leading evolutionary and functional studies. We report an updated genome resource for Metrosideros polymorpha, the most dominant tree species in the Hawaiian native forests and a unique example of rapid and remarkable ecological diversification of woody species. Ninety-one percent of the bases in the sequence assembly (304 Mb) were organized into 11 pseudo-molecules, which would represent the chromosome structure of the species assuming the synteny to a close relative Eucalyptus. Our complementary approach using manual annotation and automated pipelines identified 11.30% of the assembly to be transposable elements, in contrast to 4.1% in previous automated annotation. By increasing transcript and protein sequence data, we predicted 27,620 gene models with high concordance from the supplied evidence. We believe that this assembly, improved for contiguity, and annotation will be valuable for future evolutionary studies of M. polymorpha and closely related species, facilitating the isolation of specific genes and the investigation of genome-wide polymorphisms associated with ecological divergence.
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13
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Phosphorus and nitrogen resorption from different chemical fractions in senescing leaves of tropical tree species on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Oecologia 2017; 185:171-180. [PMID: 28871400 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient resorption, a process by which plants degrade organic compounds and resorb their nutrients from senescing tissues, is a crucial plant function to increase growth and fitness in nutrient-poor environments. Tropical trees on phosphorus (P)-poor soils are particularly known to have high P-resorption efficiency (PRE, the percentage of P resorbed from senescing leaves before abscission per total P in green leaves). However, the biochemical mechanisms underlying this greater PRE remain unclear. In this study, we determined the P concentration in easily soluble, nucleic acid, lipid and residual fractions for green and senescent leaves of 22 tree species from three sites, which differed in P availability, on the lower flanks of Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo. PRE varied from 24 to 93% and was higher in species from the P-poor site. P-resorption rate was greatest from the lipid fraction, the nucleic acid fraction, and lowest in the easily soluble fraction and the residual fraction when all the species were pooled. For species with higher PRE, P-resorption rate of the residual fraction was relatively high and was comparable in magnitude to that of the other labile fractions. This suggests that tree species inhabiting P-poor environments increased PRE by improving the degradation of recalcitrant compounds. This study suggests that plants selectively degrade organic compounds depending on environmental conditions, which is a key mechanism underlying the variation of PRE.
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Mueller LO, Breza LC, Genung MA, Giardina CP, Stone NE, Sidak‐Loftis LC, Busch JD, Wagner DM, Bailey JK, Schweitzer JA. Ecosystem consequences of plant genetic divergence with colonization of new habitat. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liam O. Mueller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Lauren C. Breza
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Mark A. Genung
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey 08901 USA
| | - Christian P. Giardina
- Institute for Pacific Islands Forestry Pacific Southwest Research Station USDA Forest Service Hilo Hawai`i 96720 USA
| | - Nathan E. Stone
- Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona 86001 USA
| | - Lindsay C. Sidak‐Loftis
- Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona 86001 USA
| | - Joseph D. Busch
- Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona 86001 USA
| | - David M. Wagner
- Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona 86001 USA
| | - Joseph K. Bailey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Jennifer A. Schweitzer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
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15
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Amada G, Onoda Y, Ichie T, Kitayama K. Influence of leaf trichomes on boundary layer conductance and gas-exchange characteristics inMetrosideros polymorpha(Myrtaceae). Biotropica 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Amada
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa Oiwake-Cho Sakyo-Ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa Oiwake-Cho Sakyo-Ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ichie
- Faculty of Agriculture; Kochi University; B200, Monobe Nankoku 783-8502 Japan
| | - Kanehiro Kitayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa Oiwake-Cho Sakyo-Ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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16
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John GP, Scoffoni C, Buckley TN, Villar R, Poorter H, Sack L. The anatomical and compositional basis of leaf mass per area. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:412-425. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace P. John
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles 621 Charles E. Young Drive South Los Angeles CA90095 USA
| | - Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles 621 Charles E. Young Drive South Los Angeles CA90095 USA
| | - Thomas N. Buckley
- Plant Breeding Institute Sydney Institute of Agriculture The University of Sydney 12656, Newell Hwy Narrabri NSW2390 Australia
| | - Rafael Villar
- Área de Ecología Universidad de Córdoba Edificio Celestino Mutis Campus de Rabanales 14071 Córdoba Spain
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH D‐52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles 621 Charles E. Young Drive South Los Angeles CA90095 USA
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17
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Izuno A, Kitayama K, Onoda Y, Tsujii Y, Hatakeyama M, Nagano AJ, Honjo MN, Shimizu-Inatsugi R, Kudoh H, Shimizu KK, Isagi Y. The population genomic signature of environmental association and gene flow in an ecologically divergent tree species Metrosideros polymorpha
(Myrtaceae). Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1515-1532. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Izuno
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kanehiro Kitayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yuki Tsujii
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Masaomi Hatakeyama
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Atsushi J. Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture; Ryukoku University; 1-5 Yokatani, Seta Ohe-cho Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency; 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan
- Center for Ecological Research; Kyoto University; 2-509-3 Hirano Otsu Shiga 520-2113 Japan
| | - Mie N. Honjo
- Center for Ecological Research; Kyoto University; 2-509-3 Hirano Otsu Shiga 520-2113 Japan
| | - Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Kudoh
- Center for Ecological Research; Kyoto University; 2-509-3 Hirano Otsu Shiga 520-2113 Japan
| | - Kentaro K. Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Center for Ecological Research; Kyoto University; 2-509-3 Hirano Otsu Shiga 520-2113 Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research; Yokohama City University; 641-12 Maioka, Totsuka-ward Yokohama Kanagawa 244-0813 Japan
| | - Yuji Isagi
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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18
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Izuno A, Hatakeyama M, Nishiyama T, Tamaki I, Shimizu-Inatsugi R, Sasaki R, Shimizu KK, Isagi Y. Genome sequencing of Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae), a dominant species in various habitats in the Hawaiian Islands with remarkable phenotypic variations. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:727-736. [PMID: 27052216 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Whole genome sequences, which can be provided even for non-model organisms owing to high-throughput sequencers, are valuable in enhancing the understanding of adaptive evolution. Metrosideros polymorpha, a tree species endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, occupies a wide range of ecological habitats and shows remarkable polymorphism in phenotypes among/within populations. The biological functions of genetic variations observed within this species could provide significant insights into the adaptive radiation found in a single species. Here de novo assembled genome sequences of M. polymorpha are presented to reveal basic genomic parameters about this species and to develop our knowledge of ecological divergences. The assembly yielded 304-Mbp genome sequences, half of which were covered by 19 scaffolds with >5 Mbp, and contained 30 K protein-coding genes. Demographic history inferred from the genome-wide heterozygosity indicated that this species experienced a dramatic rise and fall in the effective population size, possibly owing to past geographic or climatic changes in the Hawaiian Islands. This M. polymorpha genome assembly represents a high-quality genome resource useful for future functional analyses of both intra- and interspecies genetic variations or comparative genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Izuno
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Masaomi Hatakeyama
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomoaki Nishiyama
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-0934, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tamaki
- Gifu Academy of Forest Science and Culture, 88 Sodai, Mino, Gifu, 501-3714, Japan
| | - Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ryuta Sasaki
- Organization of Frontier Science and Innovation, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kentaro K Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuji Isagi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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