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Ruiz T, Carrias JF, Bonhomme C, Farjalla VF, Jassey VEJ, Leflaive J, Compin A, Leroy C, Corbara B, Srivastava DS, Céréghino R. Asynchronous recovery of predators and prey conditions resilience to drought in a neotropical ecosystem. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8392. [PMID: 35589855 PMCID: PMC9120075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The predicted increase in the intensity and frequency of drought events associated with global climate change will impose severe hydrological stress to freshwater ecosystems, potentially altering their structure and function. Unlike freshwater communities' direct response to drought, their post-drought recovery capacities remain understudied despite being an essential component driving ecosystem resilience. Here we used tank bromeliad as model ecosystem to emulate droughts of different duration and then assess the recovery capacities of ecosystem structure and function. We followed macroinvertebrate predator and prey biomass to characterize the recovery dynamics of trophic structure (i.e. predator-prey biomass ratio) during the post-drought rewetting phase. We showed that drought significantly affects the trophic structure of macroinvertebrates by reducing the predator-prey biomass ratio. The asynchronous recovery of predator and prey biomass appeared as a critical driver of the post-drought recovery trajectory of trophic structure. Litter decomposition rate, which is an essential ecosystem function, remained stable after drought events, indicating the presence of compensatory effects between detritivores biomass and detritivores feeding activity. We conclude that, in a context of global change, the asynchrony in post-drought recovery of different trophic levels may impact the overall drought resilience of small freshwater ecosystems in a more complex way than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ruiz
- Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome Et Environnement, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Jean-François Carrias
- Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome Et Environnement, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Camille Bonhomme
- Departamento de Ecología, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Vinicius F Farjalla
- Departamento de Ecología, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vincent E J Jassey
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle Et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Joséphine Leflaive
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle Et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Arthur Compin
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle Et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Leroy
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France.,ECOFOG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, Université Des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Bruno Corbara
- Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome Et Environnement, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Diane S Srivastava
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Régis Céréghino
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle Et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
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2
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Russell MC, Herzog CM, Gajewski Z, Ramsay C, El Moustaid F, Evans MV, Desai T, Gottdenker NL, Hermann SL, Power AG, McCall AC. Both consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predators impact mosquito populations and have implications for disease transmission. eLife 2022; 11:e71503. [PMID: 35044908 PMCID: PMC8769645 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predator-prey interactions influence prey traits through both consumptive and non-consumptive effects, and variation in these traits can shape vector-borne disease dynamics. Meta-analysis methods were employed to generate predation effect sizes by different categories of predators and mosquito prey. This analysis showed that multiple families of aquatic predators are effective in consumptively reducing mosquito survival, and that the survival of Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes is negatively impacted by consumptive effects of predators. Mosquito larval size was found to play a more important role in explaining the heterogeneity of consumptive effects from predators than mosquito genus. Mosquito survival and body size were reduced by non-consumptive effects of predators, but development time was not significantly impacted. In addition, Culex vectors demonstrated predator avoidance behavior during oviposition. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that predators limit disease transmission by reducing both vector survival and vector size, and that associations between drought and human West Nile virus cases could be driven by the vector behavior of predator avoidance during oviposition. These findings are likely to be useful to infectious disease modelers who rely on vector traits as predictors of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C Russell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park CampusAscotUnited Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Herzog
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
| | - Zachary Gajewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgUnited States
| | - Chloe Ramsay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre DameNotre DameUnited States
| | - Fadoua El Moustaid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgUnited States
| | - Michelle V Evans
- Odum School of Ecology & Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Trishna Desai
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicole L Gottdenker
- Odum School of Ecology & Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary MedicineAthensUnited States
| | - Sara L Hermann
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
| | - Alison G Power
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Andrew C McCall
- Biology Department, Denison UniversityGranvilleUnited States
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3
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Srivastava DS, Coristine L, Angert AL, Bontrager M, Amundrud SL, Williams JL, Yeung ACY, Zwaan DR, Thompson PL, Aitken SN, Sunday JM, O'Connor MI, Whitton J, Brown NEM, MacLeod CD, Parfrey LW, Bernhardt JR, Carrillo J, Harley CDG, Martone PT, Freeman BG, Tseng M, Donner SD. Wildcards in climate change biology. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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4
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Ospina‐Bautista F, Srivastava DS, González AL, Sparks JP, Realpe E. Predators override rainfall effects on tropical food webs. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Ospina‐Bautista
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá Colombia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Caldas Manizales Colombia
| | - Diane S. Srivastava
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Angélica L. González
- Department of Biology & Center for Computational and Integrative Biology Rutgers The State University of NJ Camden NJ USA
| | - Jed P. Sparks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Emilio Realpe
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá Colombia
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Bonhomme C, Céréghino R, Carrias JF, Compin A, Corbara B, Jassey VEJ, Leflaive J, Farjalla VF, Marino NAC, Rota T, Srivastava DS, Leroy C. In situ resistance, not immigration, supports invertebrate community resilience to drought intensification in a Neotropical ecosystem. J Anim Ecol 2020; 90:2015-2026. [PMID: 33232512 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
While future climate scenarios predict declines in precipitations in many regions of the world, little is known of the mechanisms underlying community resilience to prolonged dry seasons, especially in 'naïve' Neotropical rainforests. Predictions of community resilience to intensifying drought are complicated by the fact that the underlying mechanisms are mediated by species' tolerance and resistance traits, as well as rescue through dispersal from source patches. We examined the contribution of in situ tolerance-resistance and immigration to community resilience, following drought events that ranged from the ambient norm to IPCC scenarios and extreme events. We used rainshelters above rainwater-filled bromeliads of French Guiana to emulate a gradient of drought intensity (from 1 to 3.6 times the current number of consecutive days without rainfall), and we analysed the post-drought dynamics of the taxonomic and functional community structure of aquatic invertebrates to these treatments when immigration is excluded (by netting bromeliads) or permitted (no nets). Drought intensity negatively affected invertebrate community resistance, but had a positive influence on community recovery during the post-drought phase. After droughts of 1 to 1.4 times the current intensities, the overall invertebrate abundance recovered within invertebrate life cycle durations (up to 2 months). Shifts in taxonomic composition were more important after longer droughts, but overall, community composition showed recovery towards baseline states. The non-random patterns of changes in functional community structure indicated that deterministic processes like environmental filtering of traits drive community re-assembly patterns after a drought event. Community resilience mostly relied on in situ tolerance-resistance traits. A rescue effect of immigration after a drought event was weak and mostly apparent under extreme droughts. Under climate change scenarios of drought intensification in Neotropical regions, community and ecosystem resilience could primarily depend on the persistence of suitable habitats and on the resistance traits of species, while metacommunity dynamics could make a minor contribution to ecosystem recovery. Climate change adaptation should thus aim at identifying and preserving local conditions that foster in situ resistance and the buffering effects of habitat features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bonhomme
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Régis Céréghino
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Arthur Compin
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Corbara
- LMGE, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent E J Jassey
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Joséphine Leflaive
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vinicius F Farjalla
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicholas A C Marino
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thibaut Rota
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Diane S Srivastava
- Departmennt of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Céline Leroy
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France.,ECOFOG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
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6
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Extreme rainfall events alter the trophic structure in bromeliad tanks across the Neotropics. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3215. [PMID: 32587246 PMCID: PMC7316839 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in global and regional precipitation regimes are among the most pervasive components of climate change. Intensification of rainfall cycles, ranging from frequent downpours to severe droughts, could cause widespread, but largely unknown, alterations to trophic structure and ecosystem function. We conducted multi-site coordinated experiments to show how variation in the quantity and evenness of rainfall modulates trophic structure in 210 natural freshwater microcosms (tank bromeliads) across Central and South America (18°N to 29°S). The biomass of smaller organisms (detritivores) was higher under more stable hydrological conditions. Conversely, the biomass of predators was highest when rainfall was uneven, resulting in top-heavy biomass pyramids. These results illustrate how extremes of precipitation, resulting in localized droughts or flooding, can erode the base of freshwater food webs, with negative implications for the stability of trophic dynamics. The amount and frequency of rainfall structures aquatic food webs. Here the authors show that in tropical tank bromeliads, lower trophic levels are more abundant in stable rainfall conditions, while biomass pyramids are inverted in conditions with periodic droughts.
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Amundrud SL, Srivastava DS. Disentangling how climate change can affect an aquatic food web by combining multiple experimental approaches. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3528-3538. [PMID: 31148300 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the biological effects of climate change presents major challenges due to the interplay of potential biotic and abiotic mechanisms. Climate change can create unexpected outcomes by altering species interactions, and uncertainty over the ability of species to develop in situ tolerance or track environmental change further hampers meaningful predictions. As multiple climatic variables shift in concert, their potential interactions further complicate ecosystem responses. Despite awareness of these complexities, we still lack controlled experiments that manipulate multiple climatic stressors, species interactions, and prior exposure of species to future climatic conditions. Particularly studies that address how changes in water availability interact with other climatic stressors to affect aquatic ecosystems are still rare. Using aquatic insect communities of Neotropical tank bromeliads, we combined controlled manipulations of drought length and species interactions with a space-for-time transplant (lower elevations represent future climate) and a common garden approach. Manipulating drought length and experiment elevation revealed that adverse effects of drought were amplified at the warmer location, highlighting the potential of climatic stressors to synergistically affect communities. Manipulating the presence of omnivorous tipulid larvae showed that negative interactions from tipulids, presumably from predation, arose under drought, and were stronger at the warmer location, stressing the importance of species interactions in mediating community responses to climate change. The common garden treatments revealed that prior community exposure to potential future climatic conditions did not affect the outcome. In this powerful experiment, we demonstrated how complexities arise from the interplay of biotic and abiotic mechanisms of climate change. We stress that single species can steer ecological outcomes, and suggest that focusing on such disproportionately influential species may improve attempts at making meaningful predictions of climate change impacts on food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Amundrud
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Diane S Srivastava
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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8
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Amundrud SL, Clay-Smith SA, Flynn BL, Higgins KE, Reich MS, Wiens DRH, Srivastava DS. Drought alters the trophic role of an opportunistic generalist in an aquatic ecosystem. Oecologia 2019; 189:733-744. [PMID: 30697643 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic change can alter species interactions by modifying species' trophic roles, but this has not been well studied. Until now, bromeliad-dwelling tipulid larvae were thought to positively affect other macroinvertebrates via a facilitative processing chain. However, under drought, we found the opposite. We performed two microcosm experiments in which we factorially manipulated water level and predation by tipulids, and measured the effects on mosquito and chironomid larvae. The experiments differed in whether high water was contrasted with low or no water, allowing us to distinguish between the effects of desiccation stress (no water) and increased encounter rates due to compression of habitat or reductions in prey mobility (low and no water). We also included a caged tipulid treatment to measure any non-consumptive effects. As well as directly reducing prey survival, reductions in water level indirectly decreased chironomid and mosquito survival by altering the trophic role of tipulids. Our results suggest that increased encounter rates with prey led to tipulids becoming predatory under simulated drought, as tipulids consumed prey under both low and no water. When water level was high, tipulids exerted negative non-consumptive effects on prey survival. Because opportunistic predators are common throughout aquatic ecosystems, the effects of drought on the trophic roles of species may be widespread. Such restructuring of food webs should be considered when attempting to predict the ecological effects of environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Amundrud
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Sarina A Clay-Smith
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Bret L Flynn
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kathleen E Higgins
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Megan S Reich
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Derek R H Wiens
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Diane S Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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