1
|
Musiała A, Donizy P, Augustyniak-Bartosik H, Jakuszko K, Banasik M, Kościelska-Kasprzak K, Krajewska M, Kamińska D. Biomarkers in Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in Optimal Diagnostic-Therapeutic Strategy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123292. [PMID: 35743361 PMCID: PMC9225193 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) involves podocyte injury. In patients with nephrotic syndrome, progression to end-stage renal disease often occurs over the course of 5 to 10 years. The diagnosis is based on a renal biopsy. It is presumed that primary FSGS is caused by an unknown plasma factor that might be responsible for the recurrence of FSGS after kidney transplantation. The nature of circulating permeability factors is not explained and particular biological molecules responsible for inducing FSGS are still unknown. Several substances have been proposed as potential circulating factors such as soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and cardiolipin-like-cytokine 1 (CLC-1). Many studies have also attempted to establish which molecules are related to podocyte injury in the pathogenesis of FSGS such as plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R), dystroglycan(DG), microRNAs, metalloproteinases (MMPs), forkheadbox P3 (FOXP3), and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1). Some biomarkers have also been studied in the context of kidney tissue damage progression: transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and others. This paper describes molecules that could potentially be considered as circulating factors causing primary FSGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Musiała
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.A.-B.); (K.J.); (M.B.); (K.K.-K.); (M.K.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-6-0172-8231
| | - Piotr Donizy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Hanna Augustyniak-Bartosik
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.A.-B.); (K.J.); (M.B.); (K.K.-K.); (M.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Jakuszko
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.A.-B.); (K.J.); (M.B.); (K.K.-K.); (M.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Mirosław Banasik
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.A.-B.); (K.J.); (M.B.); (K.K.-K.); (M.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Kościelska-Kasprzak
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.A.-B.); (K.J.); (M.B.); (K.K.-K.); (M.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Magdalena Krajewska
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.A.-B.); (K.J.); (M.B.); (K.K.-K.); (M.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Dorota Kamińska
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.A.-B.); (K.J.); (M.B.); (K.K.-K.); (M.K.); (D.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Novak Kujundžić R. COVID-19: Are We Facing Secondary Pellagra Which Cannot Simply Be Cured by Vitamin B3? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084309. [PMID: 35457123 PMCID: PMC9032523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and ensuing inflammation pose a huge challenge to the host’s nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism. Humans depend on vitamin B3 for biosynthesis of NAD+, indispensable for many metabolic and NAD+-consuming signaling reactions. The balance between its utilization and resynthesis is vitally important. Many extra-pulmonary symptoms of COVID-19 strikingly resemble those of pellagra, vitamin B3 deficiency (e.g., diarrhoea, dermatitis, oral cavity and tongue manifestations, loss of smell and taste, mental confusion). In most developed countries, pellagra is successfully eradicated by vitamin B3 fortification programs. Thus, conceivably, it has not been suspected as a cause of COVID-19 symptoms. Here, the deregulation of the NAD+ metabolism in response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection is reviewed, with special emphasis on the differences in the NAD+ biosynthetic pathway’s efficiency in conditions predisposing for the development of serious COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced NAD+ depletion and the elevated levels of its metabolites contribute to the development of a systemic disease. Acute liberation of nicotinamide (NAM) in antiviral NAD+-consuming reactions potentiates “NAM drain”, cooperatively mediated by nicotinamide N-methyltransferase and aldehyde oxidase. “NAM drain” compromises the NAD+ salvage pathway’s fail-safe function. The robustness of the host’s NAD+ salvage pathway, prior to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, is an important determinant of COVID-19 severity and persistence of certain symptoms upon resolution of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Novak Kujundžić
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mierzejewska P, Kunc M, Zabielska-Kaczorowska MA, Kutryb-Zajac B, Pelikant-Malecka I, Braczko A, Jablonska P, Romaszko P, Koszalka P, Szade J, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. An unusual nicotinamide derivative, 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide ribonucleoside (4PYR), is a novel endothelial toxin and oncometabolite. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1402-1412. [PMID: 34580423 PMCID: PMC8492732 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies identified a novel pathway of nicotinamide metabolism that involves 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleoside (4PYR) and demonstrated its endothelial cytotoxic effect. This study tested the effects of 4PYR and its metabolites in experimental models of breast cancer. Mice were divided into groups: 4T1 (injected with mammary 4T1 cancer cells), 4T1 + 4PYR (4PYR-treated 4T1 mice), and control, maintained for 2 or 21 days. Lung metastasis and endothelial function were analyzed together with blood nucleotides (including 4PYR), plasma amino acids, nicotinamide metabolites, and vascular ectoenzymes of nucleotide catabolism. 4PYR metabolism was also evaluated in cultured 4T1, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and T47D cells. An increase in blood 4PYR in 4T1 mice was observed at 2 days. 4PYR and its metabolites were noticed after 21 days in 4T1 only. Higher blood 4PYR was linked with more lung metastases in 4T1 + 4PYR vs. 4T1. Decreased L-arginine, higher asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine, and higher vascular ecto-adenosine deaminase were observed in 4T1 + 4PYR vs. 4T1 and control. Vascular relaxation caused by flow-dependent endothelial activation in 4PYR-treated mice was significantly lower than in control. The permeability of 4PYR-treated endothelial cells was increased. Decreased nicotinamide but enhanced nicotinamide metabolites were noticed in 4T1 vs. control. Reduced N-methylnicotinamide and a further increase in Met2PY were observed in 4T1 + 4PYR vs. 4T1 and control. In cultured breast cancer cells, estrogen and progesterone receptor antagonists inhibited the production of 4PYR metabolites. 4PYR formation is accelerated in cancer and induces metabolic disturbances that may affect cancer progression and, especially, metastasis, probably through impaired endothelial homeostasis. 4PYR may be considered a new oncometabolite. Levels of a metabolite of nicotinamide, a form of vitamin B3, found in the blood and urine of cancer patients may provide a useful biomarker indicating the likelihood of metastasis. Disruption to the lining of blood vessels (endothelium) enables cancer cells to infiltrate the bloodstream and migrate to other organs. Research suggests that increased levels of 4PYR, a derivative of nicotinamide metabolism, may induce metabolic disturbances that favor cancer progression. Ewa Slominska and co-workers at the Medical University of Gdansk, Poland, examined 4PYR in mouse models injected with breast cancer cells and found increased levels in the blood only two days after injection. Mice with the highest 4PYR levels had enhanced lung metastases after three weeks. The team believes 4PYR activity may increase the permeability of the endothelium, but further investigation is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Kunc
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | | - Iwona Pelikant-Malecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pawel Romaszko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Koszalka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Szade
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Acquisition of Stem Cell Properties and Therapy Resistance in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115681. [PMID: 34073600 PMCID: PMC8197977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is tightly linked to the maintenance of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) level. This enzyme catalyzes methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) into methyl nicotinamide (MNAM), which is either excreted or further metabolized to N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-PY) and H2O2. Enzymatic activity of NNMT is important for the prevention of NAM-mediated inhibition of NAD+-consuming enzymes poly-adenosine -diphosphate (ADP), ribose polymerases (PARPs), and sirtuins (SIRTs). Inappropriately high expression and activity of NNMT, commonly present in various types of cancer, has the potential to disrupt NAD+ homeostasis and cellular methylation potential. Largely overlooked, in the context of cancer, is the inhibitory effect of 2-PY on PARP-1 activity, which abrogates NNMT's positive effect on cellular NAD+ flux by stalling liberation of NAM and reducing NAD+ synthesis in the salvage pathway. This review describes, and discusses, the mechanisms by which NNMT promotes NAD+ depletion and epigenetic reprogramming, leading to the development of metabolic plasticity, evasion of a major tumor suppressive process of cellular senescence, and acquisition of stem cell properties. All these phenomena are related to therapy resistance and worse clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
5
|
Artero-Castro A, Popelka S, Jendelova P, Motlik J, Ardan T, Rodriguez Jimenez FJ, Erceg S. The identification of small molecules that stimulate retinal pigment epithelial cells: potential novel therapeutic options for treating retinopathies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:169-177. [PMID: 30616395 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1559148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combinatory strategies using pharmacology and stem cell therapy have emerged due to their potential in the treatment of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell related diseases, and a variety of different stem cell sources have been evaluated both in animal models and in humans. RPE cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent cells (hiPSCs) are already in clinical trials, holding great promise for the treatment of age-related macular disease (AMD) and hereditary RPE-related retinal dystrophies. Highly efficient protocol for RPE generations have been developed, but they are still time-consuming and laborious. Areas covered: The authors review RPE related diseases, as well as the known functions of RPE cells in retinal homeostasis. The authors also discuss small molecules that target RPE in vivo as well as in vitro to aid RPE differentiation from pluripotent stem cells clinically. The authors base this review on literature searches performed through PubMed. Expert opinion: Using high-throughput systems, technology will provide the possibility of identifying and optimizing molecules/drugs that could lead to faster and simpler protocols for RPE differentiation. This could be crucial in moving forward to create safer and more efficient RPE-based personalized therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Artero-Castro
- a Stem Cell Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab , Research Center "Principe Felipe" , Valencia , Spain
| | - Stepan Popelka
- b Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Praha 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- c Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Tissue Cultures and Stem Cells , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Motlik
- d Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Research Center PIGMOD , Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences , Libechov , Czech Republic
| | - Taras Ardan
- d Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Research Center PIGMOD , Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences , Libechov , Czech Republic
| | | | - Slaven Erceg
- a Stem Cell Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab , Research Center "Principe Felipe" , Valencia , Spain.,c Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Tissue Cultures and Stem Cells , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic.,e National Stem Cell Bank-Valencia Node, Biomolecular and Bioinformatics Resources Platform PRB2,ISCIII , Research Center "Principe Felipe" , Valencia , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The chemistry of the vitamin B3 metabolome. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 47:131-147. [PMID: 30559273 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The functional cofactors derived from vitamin B3 are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), its phosphorylated form, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) and their reduced forms (NAD(P)H). These cofactors, together referred as the NAD(P)(H) pool, are intimately implicated in all essential bioenergetics, anabolic and catabolic pathways in all forms of life. This pool also contributes to post-translational protein modifications and second messenger generation. Since NAD+ seats at the cross-road between cell metabolism and cell signaling, manipulation of NAD+ bioavailability through vitamin B3 supplementation has become a valuable nutritional and therapeutic avenue. Yet, much remains unexplored regarding vitamin B3 metabolism. The present review highlights the chemical diversity of the vitamin B3-derived anabolites and catabolites of NAD+ and offers a chemical perspective on the approaches adopted to identify, modulate and measure the contribution of various precursors to the NAD(P)(H) pool.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hernando N, Wagner CA. Mechanisms and Regulation of Intestinal Phosphate Absorption. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:1065-1090. [PMID: 29978897 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
States of hypo- and hyperphosphatemia have deleterious consequences including rickets/osteomalacia and renal/cardiovascular disease, respectively. Therefore, the maintenance of appropriate plasma levels of phosphate is an essential requirement for health. This control is executed by the collaborative action of intestine and kidney whose capacities to (re)absorb phosphate are regulated by a number of hormonal and metabolic factors, among them parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 , and dietary phosphate. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the transepithelial transport of phosphate across enterocytes are only partially understood. Indeed, whereas renal reabsorption entirely relies on well-characterized active transport mechanisms of phosphate across the renal proximal epithelia, intestinal absorption proceeds via active and passive mechanisms, with the molecular identity of the passive component still unknown. The active absorption of phosphate depends mostly on the activity and expression of the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIb (SLC34A2), which is highly regulated by many of the factors, mentioned earlier. Physiologically, the contribution of NaPi-IIb to the maintenance of phosphate balance appears to be mostly relevant during periods of low phosphate availability. Therefore, its role in individuals living in industrialized societies with high phosphate intake is probably less relevant. Importantly, small increases in plasma phosphate, even within normal range, associate with higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, therapeutic approaches to treat hyperphosphatemia, including dietary phosphate restriction and phosphate binders, aim at reducing intestinal absorption. Here we review the current state of research in the field. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1065-1090, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nati Hernando
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Institute of Physiology, University Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Institute of Physiology, University Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lenglet A, Liabeuf S, El Esper N, Brisset S, Mansour J, Lemaire-Hurtel AS, Mary A, Brazier M, Kamel S, Mentaverri R, Choukroun G, Fournier A, Massy ZA. Efficacy and safety of nicotinamide in haemodialysis patients: the NICOREN study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 32:870-879. [PMID: 27190329 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotinamide (NAM) has been proposed as an alternative treatment to phosphate binders for hyperphosphataemia in chronic kidney disease. Methods The NICOREN multicentre, open-label and randomized study was designed to examine non-inferiority and safety of NAM when compared with sevelamer (SEV) in chronic haemodialysis patients. One hundred patients were randomized to either NAM or SEV treatment for 24 weeks. Serum biochemistry and NAM's main metabolite, N -methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY), were measured to assess compliance, efficacy and safety. Results After 24 weeks, we observed a comparable decrease in serum phosphorus in the NAM and SEV treatment arms, from 2.1 ± 0.4 to 1.8 ± 0.5 and 2.3 ± 0.5 to 1.7 ± 0.5 mM (P = not significant), respectively. The criterion for non-inferiority was, however, not met due to a more limited number of patients being included than planned. Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events was 1.6 times higher in the NAM than in the SEV group with only 55% of study completers in the NAM arm versus 90% in the SEV arm. Thrombocytopenia was observed in four NAM-treated patients. Serum 2PY levels were comparable at baseline, but increased markedly in the NAM group, but not in the SEV group, at 24 weeks (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Thus, both drugs are equally effective in lowering serum phosphorus, but patients' tolerance of NAM was largely inferior to that of SEV. Extremely high 2PY levels may contribute to NAM's side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Lenglet
- INSERM U1088, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.,Pharmacy, University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Sophie Liabeuf
- INSERM U1088, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.,Clinical Research Centre and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Najeh El Esper
- Department of Nephrology Internal Medicine, Dialysis, Transplantation and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Sandrine Brisset
- Clinical Research Centre and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Janette Mansour
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier de Soissons, Soissons, France
| | | | - Aurelien Mary
- INSERM U1088, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.,Pharmacy, University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Michel Brazier
- INSERM U1088, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.,Laboratory of Endocrine and Bone Biology, University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Said Kamel
- INSERM U1088, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.,Laboratory of Endocrine and Bone Biology, University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Romuald Mentaverri
- INSERM U1088, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.,Laboratory of Endocrine and Bone Biology, University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Gabriel Choukroun
- INSERM U1088, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.,Department of Nephrology Internal Medicine, Dialysis, Transplantation and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Albert Fournier
- Department of Nephrology Internal Medicine, Dialysis, Transplantation and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré Hospital-APHP and Paris Ile de France Ouest University (UVSQ), Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Inserm U-1018, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Equipe 5, Villejuif, France.,Paris-Sud University (PSU), Orsay, France.,University of Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Versailles, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reduced levels of N'-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 in the serum of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and the correlation with recurrence-free survival. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112598-112609. [PMID: 29348849 PMCID: PMC5762534 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We searched for metabolic biomarkers that may predict the prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). To this end, a total of 237 serum samples were obtained from IHCC patients (n = 87) and healthy controls (n = 150), and serum metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Two stratified algorithms were used to select the metabolites, the levels of which predicted the prognosis of IHCC patients. We performed MS/MS and multiple-reaction-monitoring MS analyses to identify and quantify the selected metabolites. Continuous biomarker levels were dichotomized based on cutoffs that maximized between-group differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS) in terms of the log-rank test statistic. These RFS differences were analyzed using the log-rank test, and survival curves were drawn with the aid of the Kaplan–Meier method. Six metabolites (l-glutamine, lysophosphatidylcholine [LPC] 16:0, LPC 18:0, N’-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide [2PY], fibrinopeptide A [FPA] and uric acid) were identified as candidate metabolic biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of IHCC patients. Of these metabolites, levels of l-glutamine, uric acid, LPC 16:0, and LPC 18:0 were significantly lower in the serum from IHCC patients, whereas levels of 2PY and FPA were significantly higher (p < 0.01). 2PY and LPC 16:0 showed significantly better RFS at low level than high level (2PY, median RFS: 15.16 months vs. 5.90 months, p = 0.037; LPC 16:0, median RFS: 15.62 months vs. 9.83 months, p = 0.035). The findings of this study suggest that 2PY and LPC 16:0 identified by metabolome-based approaches may be useful biomarkers for IHCC patients.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lenglet A, Liabeuf S, Bodeau S, Louvet L, Mary A, Boullier A, Lemaire-Hurtel AS, Jonet A, Sonnet P, Kamel S, Massy ZA. N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY)-Major Metabolite of Nicotinamide: An Update on an Old Uremic Toxin. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8110339. [PMID: 27854278 PMCID: PMC5127135 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY, a major metabolite of nicotinamide, NAM) was recently identified as a uremic toxin. Recent interventional trials using NAM to treat high levels of phosphorus in end-stage renal disease have highlighted new potential uremic toxicities of 2PY. In the context of uremia, the accumulation of 2PY could be harmful-perhaps by inhibiting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activity. Here, we review recently published data on 2PY's metabolism and toxicological profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Lenglet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France.
- Department of Pharmacy, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens 80000, France.
| | - Sophie Liabeuf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France.
- Clinical Research Centre and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens 80000, France.
| | - Sandra Bodeau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France.
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens 80000, France.
| | - Loïc Louvet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France.
| | - Aurélien Mary
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France.
- Department of Pharmacy, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens 80000, France.
| | - Agnès Boullier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France.
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens 80000, France.
| | | | - Alexia Jonet
- Laboratory of Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressouces, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique (UMR CNRS) 7378, UFR de Pharmacy, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France.
| | - Pascal Sonnet
- Laboratory of Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressouces, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique (UMR CNRS) 7378, UFR de Pharmacy, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France.
| | - Said Kamel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France.
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens 80000, France.
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Medical Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Boulogne, Billancourt, Paris 92100, France.
- INSERM U1018, Team 5, CESP (Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Paris-Saclay University, and Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (UVSQ), Villejuif 94800, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mahmoud YI, Mahmoud AA. Role of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) in acetaminophen-induced changes in rat liver: Nicotinamide effect in acetaminophen-damged liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:345-54. [PMID: 27211843 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic agent, which is safe at therapeutic doses. However, overdoses of acetaminophen induce severe oxidative stress, which leads to acute liver failure. Nicotinamide has proven effective in ameliorating many pathological conditions that occur due to oxidative stress. This study verifies the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of nicotinamide against the hepatic pathophysiological and ultrastructural alterations induced by acetaminophen. Wistar rats intoxicated with an acute overdose of acetaminophen (5g/kg b.wt) were given a single dose of nicotinamide (500mg/kg b.wt) either before or after intoxication. Acetaminophen caused significant elevation in the liver functions and lipid peroxidation marker, and decline in the activities of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes. This oxidative injury was associated with hepatic centrilobular necrosis, hemorrage, vacuolar degeneration, lipid accumulation and mitochondrial alterations. Treating intoxicated rats with nicotinamide (500mg/kg) significantly ameliorated acetaminophen-induced biochemical changes and pathological injuries. However, administering the same dose of nicotinamide to healthy animals or prior to acetaminophen-intoxication induced hepatotoxicity. Caution should be taken when administering high doses of NAM because of its possible hepatotoxicity. Considering the wide use of nicotinamide, there is an important need for monitoring nicotinamide tolerance, safety and efficacy in healthy and diseased subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yomna I Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa A Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Renal systems biology of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Kidney Int 2015; 88:804-14. [PMID: 25993322 PMCID: PMC4591107 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A systems biology approach was used to comprehensively examine the impact of renal disease and hemodialysis (HD) on patient response during critical illness. To achieve this we examined the metabolome, proteome, and transcriptome of 150 patients with critical illness, stratified by renal function. Quantification of plasma metabolites indicated greater change as renal function declined, with the greatest derangements in patients receiving chronic HD. Specifically, 6 uremic retention molecules, 17 other protein catabolites, 7 modified nucleosides, and 7 pentose phosphate sugars increased as renal function declined, consistent with decreased excretion or increased catabolism of amino acids and ribonucleotides. Similarly, the proteome showed increased levels of low-molecular weight proteins and acute phase reactants. The transcriptome revealed a broad-based decrease in mRNA levels among patients on HD. Systems integration revealed an unrecognized association between plasma RNASE1 and several RNA catabolites and modified nucleosides. Further, allantoin, N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide, and n-acetylaspartate were inversely correlated with the majority of significantly down-regulated genes. Thus, renal function broadly affected the plasma metabolome, proteome, and peripheral blood transcriptome during critical illness; changes not effectively mitigated by hemodialysis. These studies allude to several novel mechanisms whereby renal dysfunction contributes to critical illness.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lenglet A, Liabeuf S, Guffroy P, Fournier A, Brazier M, Massy ZA. Use of nicotinamide to treat hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients. Drugs R D 2014; 13:165-73. [PMID: 24000048 PMCID: PMC3784056 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-013-0024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been associated with elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Serum phosphate control remains a cornerstone of the clinical management of patients with CKD, in order to both attenuate the progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism or bone disease and (possibly) reduce the risk of vascular calcification. Despite technical improvements in dialysis and the use of dietary restrictions, drug therapy is often required to control phosphate levels in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Currently available medications for hyperphosphatemia in ESRD are very expensive and not always well tolerated. The discovery and development of new drugs in this indication is therefore a priority for both medical and health-economic reasons. Nicotinamide (an amide derivative of the water-soluble vitamin B3) is a potentially interesting alternative to phosphate binders. In vitro and in vivo data show that nicotinamide reduces hyperphosphatemia by inhibiting sodium-dependent phosphate co-transport in the renal proximal tubule and in the intestine. Accordingly, targeting the sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter 2b by using nicotinamide as an alternative or adjunct to classical phosphate binders may be a therapeutic option for modulating serum phosphate in CKD. Several recent clinical studies have explored the potential value of nicotinamide in phosphate control (as well as its effects on lipid levels) in dialysis patients. However, we consider that more data on pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and safety are needed before this compound can be recommended as a treatment for hyperphosphatemia in ESRD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Lenglet
- INSERM Unit 1088, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cedex, France
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research Centre, Amiens University Hospital and Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Sophie Liabeuf
- INSERM Unit 1088, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cedex, France
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research Centre, Amiens University Hospital and Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Pauline Guffroy
- INSERM Unit 1088, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cedex, France
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research Centre, Amiens University Hospital and Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Albert Fournier
- Nephrology-Internal Medicine-Dialysis-Transplantation-Intensive Care Department, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Michel Brazier
- INSERM Unit 1088, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cedex, France
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Bone Biology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Ziad A. Massy
- INSERM Unit 1088, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cedex, France
- Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Paris Ile-de-France Ouest (UVSQ) University, 9 avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gonzalo H, Brieva L, Tatzber F, Jové M, Cacabelos D, Cassanyé A, Lanau-Angulo L, Boada J, Serrano JCE, González C, Hernández L, Peralta S, Pamplona R, Portero-Otin M. Lipidome analysis in multiple sclerosis reveals protein lipoxidative damage as a potential pathogenic mechanism. J Neurochem 2012; 123:622-34. [PMID: 22924648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses have been used for the profiling of neurodegenerative processes, both in targeted and untargeted approaches. In this work we have applied these techniques to the study of CSF samples of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (n = 9), compared with samples of non-MS individuals (n = 9) using mass-spectrometry. We have used western-blot and analyzed cell culture to confirm pathogenic pathways suggested by mass-spectrometric measurements. The results of the untargeted approach of metabolomics and lipidomics suggest the existence of several metabolites and lipids discriminating both populations. Applying targeted lipidomic analyses focused to a pathogenic pathway in MS, oxidative stress, reveal that the lipid peroxidation marker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α is increased in CSF from MS patients. Furthermore, as lipid peroxidation exerts its pathogenical effects through protein modification, we studied the incidence of protein lipoxidation, revealing specific increases in carboxymethylated, neuroketal and malondialdehyde-mediated protein modifications in proteins of CSF from MS patients, despite the absence of their precursors glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Finally, we report that the level of neuroketal-modified proteins correlated with a hitherto unknown increased amount of autoantibodies against lipid peroxidation-modified proteins in CSF, without compensation by signaling induced by lipid peroxidation via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). The results, despite the limitation of being obtained in a small population, strongly suggest that autoimmunity against in situ produced epitopes derived from lipid peroxidation can be a relevant pathogenic factor in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Gonzalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, PCiTAL-Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abdallah DM. Nicotinamide alleviates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers: a novel antiulcer agent. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 627:276-80. [PMID: 19857487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 09/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide, a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)), is an essential nutrient for cell growth that participates in DNA repair and energy production. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-induced gastropathy is an intricate process involving gastric mucus depletion, increased microvascular permeability, nitric oxide imbalance, as well as free radical production. The present study was conducted to test for the possible gastroprotective effect of nicotinamide utilizing an acute indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model. Sucralfate possesses antiulcer/antioxidant properties; hence it was used as the reference drug. Indomethacin resulted in hemorrhagic mucosal lesions, increased microvascular permeability, and reduced the gastric mucosal contents of nitric oxide and mucus. Moreover, it produced an imbalance in the mucosal redox state as indicated by a decline of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase, which were associated with increased lipid peroxides. Comparable to sucralfate, nicotinamide markedly decreased the severity of indomethacin-induced gastric lesions and restored the levels of altered biochemical parameters. Gastroprotection afforded by nicotinamide is possibly mediated by conservation of gastric mucus, as well as nitric oxide contents, enhanced gastric microvascular permeability, and its antioxidant properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous substances qualify as uremic toxins by fulfilling all properties characterizing such compounds. However, their role in the development of uremic state maybe ambiguous. We followed these properties on the example of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (Met2PY) from the nicotinamide end-products family. The aim of this study was to determine if these uremic compounds are toxic in all circumstances. METHODS To establish a direct toxic effect, a cytotoxicity test was performed. The influence of Met2PY on DNA damage in cultured cells was measured, using a comet assay. For in vitro experiments, Moly (L5178Y), LLCPK-1, and A549 cell lines were used. We used 250 microM H2O2 and 200 ng/mL angiotensin II (ANGII) as damaging factors. RESULTS A direct cytotoxic effect of Met2PY on Moly cells was observed. In LLC-PK1 cells, co-incubation with 0.03 mM Met2PY protected cells against the DNA damage caused by ANG II. In A549 cells, the action of Met2PY was ambiguous. At lower concentrations (1 and 3 mM), it showed protective effects, although 10 mM Met2PY increased the toxic effect of 250 microM H2O2. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Met2PY is not always toxic or harmful. In some circumstances, it may even express beneficial and protective properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Rutkowski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, and Internal Diseases, Medical University, Gdansk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rutkowski P, Slominska EM, Wołyniec W, Smoleński RT, Szolkiewicz M, Swierczyński J, Rutkowski B. Nicotinamide metabolites accumulate in the tissues of uremic rats. J Ren Nutr 2008; 18:56-9. [PMID: 18089445 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (Met2PY) and N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide (Met4PY) are nicotinamide (NA) metabolites described by our group and considered to be uremic toxins. Plasma concentration of Met2PY and Met4PY in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is several-fold higher in comparison with healthy controls. However, there are no data about the concentrations of these compounds in different tissues. The aim of this study was to establish whether the observed high concentrations of these compounds were also present in different tissues of uremic animals. METHODS This study was conducted in 10 5/6 nephrectomized male Wistar rats and 10 sham-operated animals. Concentrations of nicotinamide and its end products were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. RESULTS We observed significant elevations of Met2PY and Met4PY in tissues of uremic rats. The greatest differences between healthy and uremic rats were observed in the liver, lungs, and skeletal muscles. Accumulation in the kidney and heart was not so pronounced, but in the case of Met4PY was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS We found that Met2PY and Met4PY accumulate not only in the blood but also in tissues of uremic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Rutkowski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, and Internal Diseases, Medical University Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|