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Beaudry FE, Rifkin JL, Barrett SC, Wright SI. Evolutionary Genomics of Plant Gametophytic Selection. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100115. [PMID: 33367268 PMCID: PMC7748008 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that natural selection during the haploid gametophytic phase of the plant life cycle may have widespread importance for rates of evolution and the maintenance of genetic variation. Recent theoretical advances have further highlighted the significance of gametophytic selection for diverse evolutionary processes. Genomic approaches offer exciting opportunities to address key questions about the extent and effects of gametophytic selection on plant evolution and adaptation. Here, we review the progress and prospects for integrating functional and evolutionary genomics to test theoretical predictions, and to examine the importance of gametophytic selection on genetic diversity and rates of evolution. There is growing evidence that selection during the gametophyte phase of the plant life cycle has important effects on both gene and genome evolution and is likely to have important pleiotropic effects on the sporophyte. We discuss the opportunities to integrate comparative population genomics, genome-wide association studies, and experimental approaches to further distinguish how differential selection in the two phases of the plant life cycle contributes to genetic diversity and adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix E.G. Beaudry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Joanna L. Rifkin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Spencer C.H. Barrett
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Stephen I. Wright
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
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Alves CML, Noyszewski AK, Smith AG. Nicotiana tabacum pollen-pistil interactions show unexpected spatial and temporal differences in pollen tube growth among genotypes. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:341-352. [PMID: 31359145 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-019-00375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This research revealed diverse PTG rates among intraspecific pollen-pistil interactions that showed variable dependency on the stigma and mature TT. Pollen-pistil interactions regulate pollen tube growth (PTG) rates and are determinants of fertilization and seed set. This research focuses on the diversity of intraspecific PTG rates and the spatial and temporal regulation of PTG among Nicotiana tabacum genotypes. Nonrandom mating within self-compatible species has been noted, but little is known on the mechanisms involved. To begin research on nonrandom mating, we took advantage of the model reproductive system of N. tabacum and used seventeen diverse N. tabacum genotypes in a complete pollination diallel to measure the diversity of intraspecific pollen-pistil interactions. The 289 intraspecific interactions showed surprisingly large differences in PTG rates. The interaction between specific males and females resulted in 18 specific combining abilities that were significantly different, indicating the importance of the specific genotype interaction in regulating intraspecific PTG. No single female or male genotype exerted overall control of PTG rates, as determined by a general combining ability analysis. Slow and fast pollen-pistil interactions showed spatial differences in growth rates along the style. Slower interactions had a slower initial PTG rate while fast interactions had faster consistent rates of growth indicating spatial regulation of PTG in the pistil. Removal of the stigma or the mature transmitting tissue (TT) showed the tissue-specific component of PTG regulation. Stigma removal resulted in slower or no change in PTG rate depending on the pollen and pistil genotypes. Removal of the TT, which necessitated removal of the stigma, showed no change, slower or unexpectedly, increased growth rates relative to growth rates without a stigma. These data show the diverse nature of pollen-pistil interactions in N. tabacum genotypes providing a system to further investigate the regulation of PTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M L Alves
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Andrzej K Noyszewski
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Alan G Smith
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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Albert B, Ressayre A, Dillmann C, Carlson AL, Swanson RJ, Gouyon PH, Dobritsa AA. Effect of aperture number on pollen germination, survival and reproductive success in Arabidopsis thaliana. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:733-740. [PMID: 29360918 PMCID: PMC5853032 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Pollen grains of flowering plants display a fascinating diversity of forms, including diverse patterns of apertures, the specialized areas on the pollen surface that commonly serve as the sites of pollen tube initiation and, therefore, might play a key role in reproduction. Although many aperture patterns exist in angiosperms, pollen with three apertures (triaperturate) constitutes the predominant pollen type found in eudicot species. The aim of this study was to explore whether having three apertures provides selective advantages over other aperture patterns in terms of pollen survival, germination and reproductive success, which could potentially explain the prevalence of triaperturate pollen among eudicots. Methods The in vivo pollen germination, pollen tube growth, longevity and competitive ability to sire seeds were compared among pollen grains of Arabidopsis thaliana with different aperture numbers. For this, an arabidopsis pollen aperture series was used, which included the triaperturate wild type, as well as mutants without an aperture (inaperturate) and with more than three apertures. Key Results Aperture number appears to influence pollen grain performance. In most germination and longevity experiments, the triaperturate and inaperturate pollen grains performed better than pollen with higher aperture numbers. In mixed pollinations, in which triaperturate and inaperturate pollen were forced to compete with each other, the triaperturate pollen outperformed the inaperturate pollen. Conclusions Triaperturate pollen grains might provide the best trade-off among various pollen performance traits, thus explaining the prevalence of this morphological trait in the eudicot clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Albert
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Adrienne Ressayre
- UMR de Génétique Végétale, Univ. Paris-Sud, INRA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Christine Dillmann
- UMR de Génétique Végétale, Univ. Paris-Sud, INRA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ann L Carlson
- Biology Department, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA
| | | | - Pierre-Henri Gouyon
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Anna A Dobritsa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
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Mazer SJ, Hendrickson BT, Chellew JP, Kim LJ, Liu JW, Shu J, Sharma MV. Divergence in pollen performance between Clarkia sister species with contrasting mating systems supports predictions of sexual selection. Evolution 2018; 72:453-472. [PMID: 29359333 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Animal taxa that differ in the intensity of sperm competition often differ in sperm production or swimming speed, arguably due to sexual selection on postcopulatory male traits affecting siring success. In plants, closely related self- and cross-pollinated taxa similarly differ in the opportunity for sexual selection among male gametophytes after pollination, so traits such as the proportion of pollen on the stigma that rapidly enters the style and mean pollen tube growth rate (PTGR) are predicted to diverge between them. To date, no studies have tested this prediction in multiple plant populations under uniform conditions. We tested for differences in pollen performance in greenhouse-raised populations of two Clarkia sister species: the predominantly outcrossing C. unguiculata and the facultatively self-pollinating C. exilis. Within populations of each taxon, groups of individuals were reciprocally pollinated (n = 1153 pollinations) and their styles examined four hours later. We tested for the effects of species, population, pollen type (self vs. outcross), the number of competing pollen grains, and temperature on pollen performance. Clarkia unguiculata exhibited higher mean PTGR than C. exilis; pollen type had no effect on performance in either taxon. The difference between these species in PTGR is consistent with predictions of sexual selection theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Mazer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Brandon T Hendrickson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Joseph P Chellew
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Lynn J Kim
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Jasen W Liu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Jasper Shu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Manju V Sharma
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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Harder LD, Aizen MA, Richards SA. The population ecology of male gametophytes: the link between pollination and seed production. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:497-509. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D. Harder
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Marcelo A. Aizen
- Laboratorio Ecotono; INIBIOMA-CONICET and Centro Regional Bariloche; Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Quintral 1250 8400 Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - Shane A. Richards
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences; Durham University; South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
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Swanson RJ, Hammond AT, Carlson AL, Gong H, Donovan TK. Pollen performance traits reveal prezygotic nonrandom mating and interference competition in Arabidopsis thaliana. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:498-513. [PMID: 26928008 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The lack of ability to measure pollen performance traits in mixed pollinations has been a major hurdle in understanding the mechanisms of differential success of compatible pollen donors. In previous work, we demonstrated that nonrandom mating between two accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, Columbia (Col) and Landsberg (Ler), is mediated by the male genotype. Despite these genetic insights, it was unclear at what stage of reproduction these genes were acting. Here, we used an experimental strategy that allowed us to differentiate different pollen populations in mixed pollinations to ask: (1) What pollen performance traits differed between Col and Ler accessions that direct nonrandom mating? (2) Is there evidence of interference competition? METHODS We used genetically marked pollen that can be visualized colorimetrically to quantify pollen performance of single populations of pollen in mixed pollinations. We used this and other assays to measure pollen viability, germination, tube growth, patterns of fertilization, and seed abortion. Finally, we assessed interference competition. RESULTS In mixed pollinations on Col pistils, Col pollen sired significantly more seeds than Ler pollen. Col pollen displayed higher pollen viability, faster and greater pollen germination, and faster pollen tube growth. We saw no evidence of nonrandom seed abortion. Finally, we found interference competition occurs in mixed pollinations. CONCLUSION The lack of differences in postzygotic processes coupled with direct observation of pollen performance traits indicates that nonrandom mating in Arabidopsis thaliana is prezygotic, due mostly to differential pollen germination and pollen tube growth rates. Finally, this study unambiguously demonstrates the existence of interference competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Swanson
- Department of Biology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383 USA
| | - Adam T Hammond
- Biophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Ann L Carlson
- Department of Biology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383 USA
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383 USA
| | - Thad K Donovan
- Smith Donovan Marketing & Communications, Chesterton, Indiana 46304 USA
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McCallum B, Chang SM. Pollen competition in style: Effects of pollen size on siring success in the hermaphroditic common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:460-70. [PMID: 26905086 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Pollen size varies greatly among flowering plant species and has been shown to influence the delivery of sperm cells to the eggs. Relatively little is known, however, about the functional significance of within-species genetic variation in pollen size. This study tests whether pollen size influences the relative siring success of a pollen donor during in vivo pollen competition experiments. METHODS We used two groups of Ipomoea purpurea plants genetically divergent in their pollen sizes and applied equal number of pollen grains from one large-pollen and one small-pollen donor onto the same stigma. Using microsatellite genetic markers, we identified the pollen parent of each of the resulting progeny to determine the relative siring success of the competing donors. Competitions between donors of equal-sized pollen served as a control. KEY RESULTS Differences in pollen size significantly affected the relative siring success of a pollen donor; larger-grained individuals outcompeted smaller-grained competitors but not equal-sized competitors. Relative siring success, however, sometimes varied across different pollen recipients. CONCLUSIONS Pollen size can influence the relative siring success of different individuals competing on the same stigma during postpollination processes. However, other factors, such as pollen-pistil interaction and environmental conditions, are likely to influence these competitions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britnie McCallum
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Shu-Mei Chang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA
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Carlson AL, Gong H, Toomajian C, Swanson RJ. Parental genetic distance and patterns in nonrandom mating and seed yield in predominately selfing Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2013; 26:317-28. [PMID: 23843176 PMCID: PMC3825607 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-013-0228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we ask two questions: (1) Is reproductive success independent of parental genetic distance in predominately selfing plants? (2) In the absence of early inbreeding depression, is there substantial maternal and/or paternal variation in reproductive success in natural populations? Seed yield in single pollinations and proportion of seeds sired in mixed pollinations were studied in genetically defined accessions of the predominately selfing plant Arabidopsis thaliana by conducting two diallel crosses. The first diallel was a standard, single pollination design that we used to examine variance in seed yield. The second diallel was a mixed pollination design that utilized a standard pollen competitor to examine variance in proportion of seeds sired. We found no correlation between reproductive success and parental genetic distance, and self-pollen does not systematically differ in reproductive success compared to outcross pollen, suggesting that Arabidopsis populations do not experience embryo lethality due to early-acting inbreeding or outbreeding depression. We used these data to partition the contributions to total phenotypic variation from six sources, including maternal contributions, paternal contributions and parental interactions. For seed yield in single pollinations, maternal effects accounted for the most significant source of variance (16.6 %). For proportion of seeds sired in mixed pollinations, the most significant source of variance was paternal effects (17.9 %). Thus, we show that population-level genetic similarities, including selfing, do not correlate with reproductive success, yet there is still significant paternal variance under competition. This suggests two things. First, since these differences are unlikely due to early-acting inbreeding depression or differential pollen viability, this implicates natural variation in pollen germination and tube growth dynamics. Second, this strongly supports a model of fixation of pollen performance genes in populations, offering a focus for future genetic studies in differential reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann L. Carlson
- Department of Biology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA
| | | | - Robert J. Swanson
- Department of Biology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA
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Gossmann TI, Schmid MW, Grossniklaus U, Schmid KJ. Selection-driven evolution of sex-biased genes is consistent with sexual selection in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Biol Evol 2013; 31:574-83. [PMID: 24273323 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mst226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-biased genes are genes with a preferential or specific expression in one sex and tend to show an accelerated rate of evolution in animals. Various hypotheses--which are not mutually exclusive--have been put forth to explain observed patterns of rapid evolution. One possible explanation is positive selection, but this has been shown only in few animal species and mostly for male-specific genes. Here, we present a large-scale study that investigates evolutionary patterns of sex-biased genes in the predominantly self-fertilizing plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Unlike most animal species, A. thaliana does not possess sex chromosomes, its flowers develop both male and female sexual organs, and it is characterized by low outcrossing rates. Using cell-specific gene expression data, we identified genes whose expression is enriched in comparison with all other tissues in the male and female gametes (sperm, egg, and central cell), as well as in synergids, pollen, and pollen tubes, which also play an important role in reproduction. Genes specifically expressed in gametes and synergids show higher rates of protein evolution compared with the genome-wide average and no evidence for positive selection. In contrast, pollen- and pollen tube-specific genes not only have lower rates of protein evolution but also exhibit a higher proportion of adaptive amino acid substitutions. We show that this is the result of increased levels of purifying and positive selection among genes with pollen- and pollen tube-specific expression. The increased proportion of adaptive substitutions cannot be explained by the fact that pollen- and pollen tube-expressed genes are enriched in segmental duplications, are on average older, or have a larger effective population size. Our observations are consistent with prezygotic sexual selection as a result of interactions during pollination and pollen tube growth such as pollen tube competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni I Gossmann
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Quinn CF, Prins CN, Freeman JL, Gross AM, Hantzis LJ, Reynolds RJB, Yang SI, Covey PA, Bañuelos GS, Pickering IJ, Fakra SC, Marcus MA, Arathi HS, Pilon-Smits EAH. Selenium accumulation in flowers and its effects on pollination. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:727-37. [PMID: 21793829 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
• Selenium (Se) hyperaccumulation has a profound effect on plant-arthropod interactions. Here, we investigated floral Se distribution and speciation in flowers and the effects of floral Se on pollen quality and plant-pollinator interactions. • Floral Se distribution and speciation were compared in Stanleya pinnata, an Se hyperaccumulator, and Brassica juncea, a comparable nonhyperaccumulator. Pollen germination was measured from plants grown with varying concentrations of Se and floral visitation was compared between plants with high and low Se. • Stanleya pinnata preferentially allocated Se to flowers, as nontoxic methyl-selenocysteine (MeSeCys). Brassica juncea had higher Se concentrations in leaves than flowers, and a lower fraction of MeSeCys. For B. juncea, high floral Se concentration impaired pollen germination; in S. pinnata Se had no effect on pollen germination. Floral visitors collected from Se-rich S. pinnata contained up to 270 μg g(-1), concentrations toxic to many herbivores. Indeed, floral visitors showed no visitation preference between high- and low-Se plants. Honey from seleniferous areas contained 0.4-1 μg Se g(-1), concentrations that could provide human health benefits. • This study is the first to shed light on the possible evolutionary cost, through decreased pollen germination in B. juncea, of Se accumulation and has implications for the management of seleniferous areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin F Quinn
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80532, USA
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Prins CN, Hantzis LJ, Quinn CF, Pilon-Smits EAH. Effects of selenium accumulation on reproductive functions in Brassica juncea and Stanleya pinnata. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:5633-40. [PMID: 21841173 PMCID: PMC3223055 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for many organisms, but is also a toxin and environmental pollutant at elevated levels. Due to its chemical similarity to sulphur, most plants readily take up and assimilate Se. Se accumulators such as Brassica juncea can accumulate Se between 0.01% and 0.1% of dry weight (DW), and Se hyperaccumulators such as Stanleya pinnata (Brassicaeae) contain between 0.1% and 1.5% DW of Se. While Se accumulation offers the plant a variety of ecological benefits, particularly protection from herbivory, its potential costs are still unexplored. This study examines the effects of plant Se levels on reproductive functions. In B. juncea, Se concentrations >0.05-0.1% caused decreases in biomass, pollen germination, individual seed and total seed weight, number of seeds produced, and seed germination. In S. pinnata there was no negative effect of increased Se concentration on pollen germination. In cross-pollination of B. juncea plants with different Se levels, both the maternal and paternal Se level affected reproduction, but the maternal Se concentration had the most pronounced effect. Interestingly, high-Se maternal plants were most efficiently pollinated by Se-treated paternal plants. These data provide novel insights into the potential reproductive costs of Se accumulation, interactive effects of Se in pollen grains and in the pistil, and the apparent evolution of physiological tolerance mechanisms in hyperaccumulators to avoid reproductive repercussions.
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Biedrzycki ML, Bais HP. Kin recognition in plants: a mysterious behaviour unsolved. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:4123-8. [PMID: 20696656 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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