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Ghorui M, Chowdhury S, Balu P, Burla S. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal inoculants and its regulatory landscape. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30359. [PMID: 38711654 PMCID: PMC11070868 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most prominent means for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem management are Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) inoculants. These inoculants establish beneficial symbiotic relationships with land plant roots, offering a wide range of benefits, from enhanced nutrient absorption to improved resilience against environmental stressors. However, several currently available commercial AM inoculants face challenges such as inconsistency in field applications, ecological risks associated with non-native strains, and the absence of universal regulations. Currently, regulations for AM inoculants vary globally, with some regions leading efforts to standardize and ensure quality control. Proposed regulatory frameworks aim to establish parameters for composition, safety, and efficacy. Nevertheless, challenges persist in terms of scientific data, standardization, testing under real conditions, and the ecological impact of these inoculants. To address these challenges and unlock the full potential of AM inoculants, increased research funding, public-private partnerships, monitoring, awareness, and ecosystem impact studies are recommended. Future regulations have the potential to improve product quality, soil health, and crop productivity while reducing reliance on chemical inputs and benefiting the environment. However, addressing issues related to compliance, standardization, education, certification, monitoring, and cost is essential for realizing these benefits. Global harmonization and collaborative efforts are vital to maximize their impact on agriculture and ecosystem management, leading to healthier soils, increased crop yields, and a more sustainable agricultural industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maunata Ghorui
- Symbiotic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Plot no 575, Pace City-II, Sector 37, Gurugram, Haryana, 122001, India
| | - Shouvik Chowdhury
- Symbiotic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Plot no 575, Pace City-II, Sector 37, Gurugram, Haryana, 122001, India
| | - Prakash Balu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai, 600 117, India
| | - Sashidhar Burla
- ATGC Biotech Pvt. Ltd., Sy. No. 494, 495 & 496, ATGC Agri Biotech Innovation Square, TSIC Kolthur Biotech Park, Genome Valley, Shamirpet Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
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Yadav A, Batra D, Kaushik P, Mohanta TK. Abundance and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with oil-yielding plants. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:814-827. [PMID: 37010016 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to their role in nutrient transmission, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread plant root symbionts. They may improve plant production by altering plant community structure and function. Therefore, a study was conducted in the state of Haryana to analyze the distribution pattern, diversity, and association of different AMF species with oil-yielding plants. The results of the study revealed the percentage of root colonization, sporulation, and diversity of fungal species associated with the selected 30 oil-yielding plants. The percentage root colonization ranged from 0% to 100%, the highest in Helianthus annuus (100.00 ± 0.00) and Zea mays (100.00 ± 0.00) and the least in Citrus aurantium (11.87 ± 1.43). At the same time, there was no root colonization in the Brassicaceae family. The number of AMF spores present in 50 g of soil samples varied from 17.41 ± 5.28 to 497.2 ± 8.38, with maximum spore population in Glycine max (497.2 ± 8.38) and minimum in Brassica napus (17.41 ± 5.28). Besides, the presence of several species of different genera of AMF was reported in all the studied oil-yielding plants, that is, 60 AMF belonging to six genera viz. Acaulospora, Entrophospora, Glomus, Gigaspora, Sclerocystis, and Scutellospora were observed. Overall, this study will promote AMF usage in oil-yielding plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpa Yadav
- Department of Botany, Indra Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari, India
| | - Divya Batra
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tapan K Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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Säle V, Palenzuela J, Azcón-Aguilar C, Sánchez-Castro I, da Silva GA, Seitz B, Sieverding E, van der Heijden MGA, Oehl F. Ancient lineages of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide little plant benefit. MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:559-576. [PMID: 34327560 PMCID: PMC8484173 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Almost all land plants form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Individual plants usually are colonized by a wide range of phylogenetically diverse AMF species. The impact that different AMF taxa have on plant growth is only partly understood. We screened 44 AMF isolates for their effect on growth promotion and nutrient uptake of leek plants (Allium porrum), including isolates that have not been tested previously. In particular, we aimed to test weather AMF lineages with an ancient evolutionary age differ from relatively recent lineages in their effects on leek plants. The AMF isolates that were tested covered 18 species from all five AMF orders, eight families, and 13 genera. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. A soil-sand mixture was used as substrate for the leek plants. Plant growth response to inoculation with AMF varied from - 19 to 232% and depended on isolate, species, and family identity. Species from the ancient families Archaeosporaceae and Paraglomeraceae tended to be less beneficial, in terms of stimulation plant growth and nutrient uptake, than species of Glomeraceae, Entrophosporaceae, and Diversisporaceae, which are considered phylogenetically more recent than those ancient families. Root colonization levels also depended on AMF family. This study indicates that plant benefit in the symbiosis between plants and AMF is linked to fungal identity and phylogeny and it shows that there are large differences in effectiveness of different AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Säle
- Plant-Soil-Interactions, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Vegetable-Production Extension, Agroscope, Müller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, CH-8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Javier Palenzuela
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo Y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Azcón-Aguilar
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo Y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Iván Sánchez-Castro
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Fuentenueva, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Gladstone Alves da Silva
- Departamento de Micologia, CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Seitz
- Plant-Soil-Interactions, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ewald Sieverding
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg Institute), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 13, 70599, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany
| | - Marcel G A van der Heijden
- Plant-Soil-Interactions, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fritz Oehl
- Ecotoxicology, Agroscope, Müller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, CH-8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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Cross AT, Lambers H. Calcicole-calcifuge plant strategies limit restoration potential in a regional semi-arid flora. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6941-6961. [PMID: 34141267 PMCID: PMC8207153 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine calcicole and calcifuge plant strategies, as well as nutrient-acquisition strategies, as drivers of the distribution of species in response to edaphic factors, and the degree to which these strategies may act as filters to species establishment in ecological restoration on heavily altered or reconstructed substrates. LOCATION An 82,000-ha area within a major mining province in the Mid-West region of Western Australia, harboring vegetation communities ranging from species-poor halophytic scrub on saline flats to dense biodiverse shrubland on the skeletal soils of ancient Banded Ironstone Formations (BIF). METHODS Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to examine how variation in soil chemistry and landscape position (undulating plains, slopes, and BIF crests and ridges) influenced patterns of floristic diversity, calcifuge plant strategies, and nutrient-acquisition strategies in 538 plant species from 830 relevés. RESULTS Landscape position was the strongest driver of species richness and vegetation functional composition. Soils became increasingly acidic and P-impoverished along an increasing elevational gradient. Vegetation from different landscape positions was not compositionally dissimilar, but vegetation of BIF crests and ridges was up to twice as biodiverse as vegetation from adjacent lower-relief areas and harbored higher proportions of calcifuge species and species with mycorrhizal associations. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Topographic and edaphic complexity of BIF landforms in an otherwise relatively homogenous landscape has likely facilitated species accumulation over long time periods. They represent musea of regional floristic biodiversity, excluding only species that cannot establish or are inferior competitors in heavily weathered, acidic, skeletal, and nutrient-impoverished soils. Plant strategies likely represent a major filter in establishing biodiverse, representative vegetation on postmining landforms in geologically ancient regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Cross
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityBentleyWAAustralia
- EcoHealth NetworkBrooklineMAUSA
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityBentleyWAAustralia
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
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Singh U, Akhtar O, Mishra R, Zoomi I, Kehri HK, Pandey D. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Biodiversity, Interaction with Plants, and Potential Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rocha I, Souza-Alonso P, Pereira G, Ma Y, Vosátka M, Freitas H, Oliveira RS. Using microbial seed coating for improving cowpea productivity under a low-input agricultural system. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1092-1098. [PMID: 31667839 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have the ability to enhance the growth, fitness, and quality of various agricultural crops, including cowpea. However, field trials confirming the benefits of microbes in large-scale applications using economically viable and efficient inoculation methods are still scarce. Microbial seed coating has a great potential for large-scale agriculture through the application of reduced amounts of PGPR and AM fungi inocula. Thus, in this study, the impact of seed coating with PGPR, Pseudomonas libanensis TR1 and AM fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis (single or multiple isolates) on grain yield and nutrient content of cowpea under low-input field conditions was evaluated. RESULTS Seed coating with P. libanensis + multiple isolates of R. irregularis (coatPMR) resulted in significant increases in shoot dry weight (76%), and in the number of pods and seeds per plant (52% and 56%, respectively) and grain yield (56%), when compared with non-inoculated control plants. However, seed coating with P. libanensis + R. irregularis single-isolate (coatPR) did not influence cowpea grain yield. Grain lipid content was significantly higher (25%) in coatPMR plants in comparison with control. Higher soil organic matter and lower pH were observed in the coatPMR treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that cowpea field productivity can be improved by seed coating with PGPR and multiple AM fungal isolates under low-input agricultural systems. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Rocha
- Centre for Functional Ecology - Science for People and the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pablo Souza-Alonso
- Centre for Functional Ecology - Science for People and the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Graça Pereira
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Unit, National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Elvas, Portugal
| | - Ying Ma
- Centre for Functional Ecology - Science for People and the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miroslav Vosátka
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Freitas
- Centre for Functional Ecology - Science for People and the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui S Oliveira
- Centre for Functional Ecology - Science for People and the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Ma Y, Rajkumar M, Oliveira RS, Zhang C, Freitas H. Potential of plant beneficial bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation of metal-contaminated saline soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120813. [PMID: 31254792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation has been considered as a promising technique to decontaminate polluted soils. However, climatic stress particularly salinity, is a potential threat to soil properties and plant growth, thus restricting the employment of this technology. The aim of this study was to access the impact of microbial inoculation on phytoremediation of nickel (Ni) contaminated saline soils using Helianthus annuus. Salt resistant plant beneficial bacterium (PBB) Pseudomonas libanensis TR1 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Claroideoglomus claroideum BEG210 were used. Inoculation of P. libanensis alone or in combination with C. claroideum significantly enhanced plant growth, changed physiological status (e.g. electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll, proline and malondialdehyde contents) as well as Ni and sodium (Na+) accumulation potential (e.g. uptake and translocation factor of Ni and Na+) of H. annuus under Ni and salinity stress either alone or in combination. These results revealed that bioaugmentation of microbial strains may serve as a preferred strategy for improving phytoremediation of metal-polluted saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Centre for Functional Ecology-Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mani Rajkumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Rui S Oliveira
- Centre for Functional Ecology-Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Helena Freitas
- Centre for Functional Ecology-Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Lee NLY, Huang D, Quek ZBR, Lee JN, Wainwright BJ. Mangrove-Associated Fungal Communities Are Differentiated by Geographic Location and Host Structure. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2456. [PMID: 31736902 PMCID: PMC6831645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine fungi on the whole remain understudied, especially in the highly diverse Southeast Asian region. We investigated the fungal communities associated with the mangrove tree Avicennia alba throughout Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia. At each sampling location, we examined ten individual trees, collecting leaves, fruits, pneumatophores, and an adjacent sediment sample from each plant. Amplicon sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 and subsequent analyses reveal significant differences in fungal communities collected from different locations and host structures. Mantel tests and multiple regression on distance matrices show a significant pattern of distance decay with samples collected close to one another having more similar fungal communities than those farther away. Submergence appears to drive part of the variation as host structures that are never submerged (leaves and fruits) have more similar fungal communities relative to those that are covered by water during high tide (pneumatophores and sediment). We suggest that fungi of terrestrial origins dominate structures that are not inundated by tidal regimes, while marine fungi dominate mangrove parts and sediments that are submerged by the incoming tide. Given the critical functions fungi play in all plants, and the important role they can have in determining the success of restoration schemes, we advocate that fungal community composition should be a key consideration in any mangrove restoration or rehabilitation project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Li Ying Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jen Nie Lee
- School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin J Wainwright
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Oliveira RS, Carvalho P, Marques G, Ferreira L, Nunes M, Rocha I, Ma Y, Carvalho MF, Vosátka M, Freitas H. Increased protein content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria under water deficit conditions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4379-4385. [PMID: 28071807 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a widely cropped pulse and an important source of proteins for humans. In Mediterranean regions it is predicted that drought will reduce soil moisture and become a major issue in agricultural practice. Nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have the potential to improve plant growth and drought tolerance. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of N-fixing bacteria and AM fungi on the growth, grain yield and protein content of chickpea under water deficit. RESULTS Plants inoculated with Mesorhizobium mediterraneum or Rhizophagus irregularis without water deficit and inoculated with M. mediterraneum under moderate water deficit had significant increases in biomass. Inoculation with microbial symbionts brought no benefits to chickpea under severe water deficit. However, under moderate water deficit grain crude protein was increased by 13%, 17% and 22% in plants inoculated with M. mediterraneum, R. irregularis and M. mediterraneum + R. irregularis, respectively. CONCLUSION Inoculation with N-fixing bacteria and AM fungi has the potential to benefit agricultural production of chickpea under water deficit conditions and to contribute to increased grain protein content. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui S Oliveira
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Environmental Health, Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Carvalho
- Department of Environmental Health, Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilhermina Marques
- University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (UTAD-CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Ferreira
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Nunes
- Department of Environmental Health, Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Rocha
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ying Ma
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria F Carvalho
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miroslav Vosátka
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Viničná 5, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Freitas
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Leal PL, Carvalho TSDE, Siqueira JO, Moreira FMS. Assessment of the occurrence and richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores by direct analysis of field samples and trap culture - a comparative study. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 90:2359-2373. [PMID: 28793011 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720170120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we hypothesized that two spore-based methods, direct analysis of field samples and trap cultures, simultaneously used for assessment of occurrence and species richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may vary in their efficiency according to the environmental conditions and the total AMF species richness of the evaluated ecosystem. The performance of both methods was analyzed based on two datasets: 1) a complete site x species matrix compiled from two studies in different land uses in the Amazon using direct analysis of field samples and trap cultures. 2) Total number of AMF morphotypes detected by both methods in published manuscripts across several ecosystems. From dataset 1, direct analysis of field samples revealed 57 morphotypes, whereas only 21 of these were detected by trap culture. Community variation (beta diversity) analysis revealed that field samples are far more sensitive in detecting shifts in AMF community composition among land uses than trap cultures in the Amazon region, with the combined results of both methods being not better than that obtained only by direct analysis of field samples. Analysis of dataset 2 showed that the relative performance of trap cultures, using direct analysis of field sample as reference, was inversely related to the total observed AMF species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia L Leal
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, Bairro Kennedy, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.,Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Rio de Contas, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Teotonio S DE Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, Bairro Kennedy, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - José Oswaldo Siqueira
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, Bairro Kennedy, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.,Instituto Tecnológico Vale para Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Nazaré, 66055-090 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Fatima M S Moreira
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, Bairro Kennedy, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Séry DJM, Kouadjo ZGC, Voko BRR, Zézé A. Selecting Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Promote Cassava Growth and Increase Yield under Field Conditions. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2063. [PMID: 28066381 PMCID: PMC5177653 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculation in sustainable agriculture is now widespread worldwide. Although the use of inoculants consisting of native AMF is highly recommended as an alternative to commercial ones, there is no strategy to allow the selection of efficient fungal species from natural communities. The objective of this study was (i) to select efficient native AMF species (ii) evaluate their impact on nematode and water stresses, and (iii) evaluate their impact on cassava yield, an important food security crop in tropical and subtropical regions. Firstly, native AMF communities associated with cassava rhizospheres in fields were collected from different areas and 7 AMF species were selected, based upon their ubiquity and abundance. Using these criteria, two morphotypes (LBVM01 and LBVM02) out of the seven AMF species selected were persistently dominant when cassava was used as a trap plant. LBVM01 and LBVM02 were identified as Acaulospora colombiana (most abundant) and Ambispora appendicula, respectively, after phylogenetic analyses of LSU-ITS-SSU PCR amplified products. Secondly, the potential of these two native AMF species to promote growth and enhance tolerance to root-knot nematode and water stresses of cassava (Yavo variety) was evaluated using single and dual inoculation in greenhouse conditions. Of the two AMF species, it was shown that A. colombiana significantly improved the growth of the cassava and enhanced tolerance to water stress. However, both A. colombiana and A. appendicula conferred bioprotective effects to cassava plants against the nematode Meloidogyne spp., ranging from resistance (suppression or reduction of the nematode reproduction) or tolerance (low or no suppression in cassava growth). Thirdly, the potential of these selected native AMF to improve cassava growth and yield was evaluated under field conditions, compared to a commercial inoculant. In these conditions, the A. colombiana single inoculation and the dual inoculation significantly improved cassava yield compared to the commercial inoculant. This is the first report on native AMF species exhibiting multiple benefits for cassava crop productivity, namely improved plant growth and yield, water stress tolerance and nematode resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jean-Marc Séry
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétale et Microbienne, Unité Mixte de Recherche et d'Innovation en Sciences Agronomiques et Génie Rural, Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphouët-Boigny Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Z G Claude Kouadjo
- Laboratoire Central de Biotechnologies, Centre National de la Recherche Agronomique Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - B R Rodrigue Voko
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Agroforesterie, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Adolphe Zézé
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétale et Microbienne, Unité Mixte de Recherche et d'Innovation en Sciences Agronomiques et Génie Rural, Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphouët-Boigny Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
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Nitrogen enrichment contributes to positive responses to soil microbial communities in three invasive plant species. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Oliveira RS, Ma Y, Rocha I, Carvalho MF, Vosátka M, Freitas H. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are an alternative to the application of chemical fertilizer in the production of the medicinal and aromatic plant Coriandrum sativum L. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:320-328. [PMID: 27077563 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1153447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of agrochemicals is detrimental to the environment and may exert harmful effects on human health. The consumer demand for organic food plants has been increasing. There is thus a rising need for alternatives to agrochemicals that can foster sustainable plant production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus as an alternative to application of chemical fertilizer for improving growth performance of the medicinal and aromatic plant Coriandrum sativum. Plants were inoculated with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis BEG163 and/or supplemented with a commercial chemical fertilizer (Plant Marvel, Nutriculture Bent Special) in agricultural soil. Plant growth, nutrition, and development of AM fungus were assessed. Plants inoculated with R. irregularis and those supplemented with chemical fertilizer displayed significantly improved growth performances when compared with controls. There were no significant differences in total fresh weight between plants inoculated with R. irregularis or those supplemented with chemical fertilizer. Leaf chlorophyll a + b (82%), shoot nitrogen (44%), phosphorus (254%), and potassium (27%) concentrations increased in plants inoculated with R. irregularis compared to controls. Application of chemical fertilizer inhibited root mycorrhizal colonization and the length of the extraradical mycelium of R. irregularis. Inoculation with R. irregularis was equally or more efficient than application of chemical fertilizer in promoting growth and nutrition of C. sativum. AM fungi may thus contribute to improve biologically based production of food plants and reduce the dependence on agrochemicals in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui S Oliveira
- a Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
- b Department of Environmental Health , Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto , Vila Nova de Gaia , Portugal
- c CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia , Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Porto , Portugal
| | - Ying Ma
- a Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Inês Rocha
- a Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Maria F Carvalho
- d CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Miroslav Vosátka
- e Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Průhonice , Czech Republic
| | - Helena Freitas
- a Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
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Oliveira RS, Rocha I, Ma Y, Vosátka M, Freitas H. Seed coating with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as an ecotechnologicalapproach for sustainable agricultural production of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:329-337. [PMID: 27077274 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1153448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has become of great interest in agriculture due to their potential roles in reducing the need for agrochemicals, while improving plant growth and nutrition. Nevertheless, the application of AM fungi by dispersing inocula in granular form to open agricultural fields is not feasible because nontargeted spreading of inocula over large surface areas results in high cost per plant. Seed coating has the potential to significantly reduce the amount of inoculum needed, resulting in cost reduction and increased efficiency. The aim of this study was to assess whether seed coating with AM fungal inoculum is a feasible delivery system for production of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Wheat seeds were coated with inoculum of Rhizophagus irregularis BEG140 and grown under different fertilization conditions: (1) none, (2) partial, or (3) complete. Data indicated that mycorrhizal inoculation via seed coating significantly increased the dry weight of shoot and seed spikes of wheat associated with reduced fertilization. Assessment of nutritional status of wheat showed that plants inoculated with R. irregularis via seed coating displayed enhanced stem concentrations of potassium (K), sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn). There were no significant differences in root colonization between plants conventionally inoculated with R. irregularis in soil and those inoculated via seed coating. Seed coating with AM fungi may be as effective as conventional soil inoculation and may contribute to reduce the utilization of chemical fertilizers. The application of AM via seed coating is proposed as an ecotechnological approach for sustainable agricultural wheat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui S Oliveira
- a Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
- b Department of Environmental Health , Research Center on Health and Environment, School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto , Vila Nova de Gaia , Portugal
- c CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia , Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Porto , Portugal
| | - Inês Rocha
- a Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Ying Ma
- a Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Miroslav Vosátka
- d Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Průhonice , Czech Republic
| | - Helena Freitas
- a Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
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Berruti A, Lumini E, Balestrini R, Bianciotto V. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Natural Biofertilizers: Let's Benefit from Past Successes. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1559. [PMID: 26834714 PMCID: PMC4717633 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) constitute a group of root obligate biotrophs that exchange mutual benefits with about 80% of plants. They are considered natural biofertilizers, since they provide the host with water, nutrients, and pathogen protection, in exchange for photosynthetic products. Thus, AMF are primary biotic soil components which, when missing or impoverished, can lead to a less efficient ecosystem functioning. The process of re-establishing the natural level of AMF richness can represent a valid alternative to conventional fertilization practices, with a view to sustainable agriculture. The main strategy that can be adopted to achieve this goal is the direct re-introduction of AMF propagules (inoculum) into a target soil. Originally, AMF were described to generally lack host- and niche-specificity, and therefore suggested as agriculturally suitable for a wide range of plants and environmental conditions. Unfortunately, the assumptions that have been made and the results that have been obtained so far are often worlds apart. The problem is that success is unpredictable since different plant species vary their response to the same AMF species mix. Many factors can affect the success of inoculation and AMF persistence in soil, including species compatibility with the target environment, the degree of spatial competition with other soil organisms in the target niche and the timing of inoculation. Thus, it is preferable to take these factors into account when "tuning" an inoculum to a target environment in order to avoid failure of the inoculation process. Genomics and transcriptomics have led to a giant step forward in the research field of AMF, with consequent major advances in the current knowledge on the processes involved in their interaction with the host-plant and other soil organisms. The history of AMF applications in controlled and open-field conditions is now long. A review of biofertilization experiments, based on the use of AMF, has here been proposed, focusing on a few important factors that could increase the odds or jeopardize the success of the inoculation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - Turin UOS, National Research CouncilTorino, Italy
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16
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Firmin S, Labidi S, Fontaine J, Laruelle F, Tisserant B, Nsanganwimana F, Pourrut B, Dalpé Y, Grandmougin A, Douay F, Shirali P, Verdin A, Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui A. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation protects Miscanthus × giganteus against trace element toxicity in a highly metal-contaminated site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 527-528:91-99. [PMID: 25958358 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF)-assisted phytoremediation could constitute an ecological and economic method in polluted soil rehabilitation programs. The aim of this work was to characterize the trace element (TE) phytoremediation potential of mycorrhizal Miscanthus × giganteus. To understand the mechanisms involved in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis tolerance to TE toxicity, the fatty acid compositions and several stress oxidative biomarkers were compared in the roots and leaves of Miscanthus × giganteus cultivated under field conditions in either TE-contaminated or control soils. TEs were accumulated in greater amounts in roots, but the leaves were the organ most affected by TE contamination and were characterized by a strong decrease in fatty acid contents. TE-induced oxidative stress in leaves was confirmed by an increase in the lipid peroxidation biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA). TE contamination decreased the GSSG/GSH ratio in the leaves of exposed plants, while peroxidase (PO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were increased in leaves and in whole plants, respectively. AMF inoculation also increased root colonization in the presence of TE contamination. The mycorrhizal colonization determined a decrease in SOD activity in the whole plant and PO activities in leaves and induced a significant increase in the fatty acid content in leaves and a decrease in MDA formation in whole plants. These results suggested that mycorrhization is able to confer protection against oxidative stress induced by soil pollution. Our findings suggest that mycorrhizal inoculation could be used as a bioaugmentation technique, facilitating Miscanthus cultivation on highly TE-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Firmin
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel de Dunkerque, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, UP-EGEAL 2012.10.101, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, Beauvais Cedex, France
| | - Sonia Labidi
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France; Université de Carthage, Laboratoire des Sciences Horticoles, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, 43 Ave Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Mahrajène, Tunisia
| | - Joël Fontaine
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France
| | - Frédéric Laruelle
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France
| | - Benoit Tisserant
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France
| | - Florian Nsanganwimana
- Groupe ISA, Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- Groupe ISA, Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Yolande Dalpé
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Anne Grandmougin
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France
| | - Francis Douay
- Groupe ISA, Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Pirouz Shirali
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel de Dunkerque, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Anthony Verdin
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel de Dunkerque, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France.
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Armada E, Azcón R, López-Castillo OM, Calvo-Polanco M, Ruiz-Lozano JM. Autochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bacillus thuringiensis from a degraded Mediterranean area can be used to improve physiological traits and performance of a plant of agronomic interest under drought conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 90:64-74. [PMID: 25813343 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that some microorganisms autochthonous from stressful environments are beneficial when used with autochthonous plants, but these microorganisms rarely have been tested with allochthonous plants of agronomic interest. This study investigates the effectiveness of drought-adapted autochthonous microorganisms [Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi] from a degraded Mediterranean area to improve plant growth and physiology in Zea mays under drought stress. Maize plants were inoculated or not with B. thuringiensis, a consortium of AM fungi or a combination of both microorganisms. Plants were cultivated under well-watered conditions or subjected to drought stress. Several physiological parameters were measured, including among others, plant growth, photosynthetic efficiency, nutrients content, oxidative damage to lipids, accumulation of proline and antioxidant compounds, root hydraulic conductivity and the expression of plant aquaporin genes. Under drought conditions, the inoculation of Bt increased significantly the accumulation of nutrients. The combined inoculation of both microorganisms decreased the oxidative damage to lipids and accumulation of proline induced by drought. Several maize aquaporins able to transport water, CO2 and other compounds were regulated by the microbial inoculants. The impact of these microorganisms on plant drought tolerance was complementary, since Bt increased mainly plant nutrition and AM fungi were more active improving stress tolerance/homeostatic mechanisms, including regulation of plant aquaporins with several putative physiological functions. Thus, the use of autochthonous beneficial microorganisms from a degraded Mediterranean area is useful to protect not only native plants against drought, but also an agronomically important plant such as maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Armada
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Azcón
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Olga M López-Castillo
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Mónica Calvo-Polanco
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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18
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Labidi S, Jeddi FB, Tisserant B, Yousfi M, Sanaa M, Dalpé Y, Sahraoui ALH. Field application of mycorrhizal bio-inoculants affects the mineral uptake of a forage legume (Hedysarum coronarium L.) on a highly calcareous soil. MYCORRHIZA 2015; 25:297-309. [PMID: 25323044 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-014-0609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of two mycorrhizal bio-inoculants on the mineral uptake during the growth stages of a Mediterranean forage legume sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) was studied in the field on a highly calcareous soil. The first inoculum (Mm) was made up of a mixture of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) isolated from calcareous soils: Septoglomus constrictum, Funneliformis geosporum, Glomus fuegianum, Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus sp. The second was a commercial inoculum (Mi) containing one AMF species: R. irregularis. Both mycorrhizal inoculants increased total and arbuscular colonization of sulla roots. Inoculation with Mm showed a positive effect on sulla shoot dry weight (SDW) when compared to Mi and non-inoculated plants (control). Mineral contents (P, Mg, Mn, Fe) were higher in the shoots of sulla plants cultivated on mycorrhiza-inoculated plots compared to non-inoculated ones. This enhancement was observed during the flowering stage for P, Mg and Mn and during the rosette stage for Fe. An increase in P content of 50 % in plants inoculated with Mm compared to non-inoculated ones may be explained by the induction of root alkaline and acid phosphatase activities. Higher efficiency of native AMF species adapted to calcareous soils opens the way towards the development of mycorrhiza bio-fertilizers targeted to improve sustainable fertilization management in such soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Labidi
- Laboratoire des Sciences Horticoles, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Université de Carthage, 43 Ave Charles Nicolle, 1082, Tunis, Mahrajène, Tunisie
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Courtney R, Harris JA, Pawlett M. Microbial Community Composition in a Rehabilitated Bauxite Residue Disposal Area: A Case Study for Improving Microbial Community Composition. Restor Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Courtney
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
| | - Jim A. Harris
- School of Applied Sciences; Cranfield University; Bedfordshire MK43 0AL U.K
| | - Mark Pawlett
- School of Applied Sciences; Cranfield University; Bedfordshire MK43 0AL U.K
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Aghili F, Gamper HA, Eikenberg J, Khoshgoftarmanesh AH, Afyuni M, Schulin R, Jansa J, Frossard E. Green manure addition to soil increases grain zinc concentration in bread wheat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101487. [PMID: 24999738 PMCID: PMC4084887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a major problem for many people living on wheat-based diets. Here, we explored whether addition of green manure of red clover and sunflower to a calcareous soil or inoculating a non-indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) strain may increase grain Zn concentration in bread wheat. For this purpose we performed a multifactorial pot experiment, in which the effects of two green manures (red clover, sunflower), ZnSO4 application, soil γ-irradiation (elimination of naturally occurring AMF), and AMF inoculation were tested. Both green manures were labeled with 65Zn radiotracer to record the Zn recoveries in the aboveground plant biomass. Application of ZnSO4 fertilizer increased grain Zn concentration from 20 to 39 mg Zn kg-1 and sole addition of green manure of sunflower to soil raised grain Zn concentration to 31 mg Zn kg-1. Adding the two together to soil increased grain Zn concentration even further to 54 mg Zn kg-1. Mixing green manure of sunflower to soil mobilized additional 48 µg Zn (kg soil)-1 for transfer to the aboveground plant biomass, compared to the total of 132 µg Zn (kg soil)-1 taken up from plain soil when neither green manure nor ZnSO4 were applied. Green manure amendments to soil also raised the DTPA-extractable Zn in soil. Inoculating a non-indigenous AMF did not increase plant Zn uptake. The study thus showed that organic matter amendments to soil can contribute to a better utilization of naturally stocked soil micronutrients, and thereby reduce any need for major external inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Aghili
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hannes A. Gamper
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jost Eikenberg
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Radioanalytics Laboratory, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Amir H. Khoshgoftarmanesh
- College of Agriculture, Department of Soil Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Afyuni
- College of Agriculture, Department of Soil Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rainer Schulin
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Jansa
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emmanuel Frossard
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland
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Estrada B, Aroca R, Maathuis FJM, Barea JM, Ruiz-Lozano JM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi native from a Mediterranean saline area enhance maize tolerance to salinity through improved ion homeostasis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1771-82. [PMID: 23421735 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity restricts plant growth and productivity. Na(+) represents the major ion causing toxicity because it competes with K(+) for binding sites at the plasma membrane. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can alleviate salt stress in the host plant through several mechanisms. These may include ion selection during the fungal uptake of nutrients from the soil or during transfer to the host plant. AM benefits could be enhanced when native AMF isolates are used. Thus, we investigated whether native AMF isolated from an area with problems of salinity and desertification can help maize plants to overcome the negative effects of salinity stress better than non-AM plants or plants inoculated with non-native AMF. Results showed that plants inoculated with two out the three native AMF had the highest shoot dry biomass at all salinity levels. Plants inoculated with the three native AMF showed significant increase of K(+) and reduced Na(+) accumulation as compared to non-mycorrhizal plants, concomitantly with higher K(+) /Na(+) ratios in their tissues. For the first time, these effects have been correlated with regulation of ZmAKT2, ZmSOS1 and ZmSKOR genes expression in the roots of maize, contributing to K(+) and Na(+) homeostasis in plants colonized by native AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Estrada
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
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22
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Estrada B, Aroca R, Barea JM, Ruiz-Lozano JM. Native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from a saline habitat improved maize antioxidant systems and plant tolerance to salinity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 201-202:42-51. [PMID: 23352401 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High soil salinity is a serious problem for crop production because most of the cultivated plants are salt sensitive, which is also the case for the globally important crop plant maize. Salinity stress leads to secondary oxidative stress in plants and a correlation between antioxidant capacity and salt tolerance has been demonstrated in several plant species. The plant antioxidant capacity may be enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and it has been proposed that AM symbiosis is more effective with native than with collection AMF species. Thus, we investigated whether native AMF isolated from a dry and saline environment can help maize plants to overcome salt stress better than AMF from a culture collection and whether protection against oxidative stress is involved in such an effect. Maize plants inoculated with three native AMF showed higher efficiency of photosystem II and stomatal conductance, which surely decreased photorespiration and ROS production. Indeed, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, the oxidative damage to lipids and the membrane electrolyte leakage in these AM plants were significantly lower than in non-mycorrhizal plants or in plants inoculated with the collection AMF. The activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase or catalase also accounted for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Estrada
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos. Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC). Profesor Albareda n° 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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23
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Maiti D, Toppo NN, Variar M. Integration of crop rotation and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) inoculum application for enhancing AM activity to improve phosphorus nutrition and yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). MYCORRHIZA 2011; 21:659-667. [PMID: 21448812 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-011-0376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major crop of Eastern India grown during the wet season (June/July to September/October). Aerobic soils of the upland rice system, which are acidic and inherently phosphorus (P) limiting, support native arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) activity. Attempts were made to improve P nutrition of upland rice by exploiting this natural situation through different crop rotations and application of AM fungal (AMF) inoculum. The effect of a 2-year crop rotation of maize (Zea mays L.) followed by horse gram (Dolichos biflorus L.) in the first year and upland rice in the second year on native AM activity was compared to three existing systems, with and without application of a soil-root-based inoculum. Integration of AM fungal inoculation with the maize-horse gram rotation had synergistic/additive effects in terms of AMF colonization (+22.7 to +42.7%), plant P acquisition (+11.2 to +23.7%), and grain yield of rice variety Vandana (+25.7 to +34.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Maiti
- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station, (Central Rice Research Institute, ICAR), PB 48, Hazaribag, 825 301, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Neha Nancy Toppo
- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station, (Central Rice Research Institute, ICAR), PB 48, Hazaribag, 825 301, Jharkhand, India
| | - Mukund Variar
- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station, (Central Rice Research Institute, ICAR), PB 48, Hazaribag, 825 301, Jharkhand, India
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Janoušková M, Rydlová J, Püschel D, Száková J, Vosátka M. Extraradical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi radiating from large plants depresses the growth of nearby seedlings in a nutrient deficient substrate. MYCORRHIZA 2011; 21:641-650. [PMID: 21424805 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-011-0372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) on the interaction of large plants and seedlings in an early succession situation was investigated in a greenhouse experiment using compartmented rhizoboxes. Tripleurospermum inodorum, a highly mycorrhiza-responsive early coloniser of spoil banks, was cultivated either non-mycorrhizal or inoculated with AM fungi in the central compartment of the rhizoboxes. After two months, seedlings of T. inodorum or Sisymbrium loeselii, a non-host species colonising spoil banks simultaneously with T. inodorum, were planted in lateral compartments, which were colonised by the extraradical mycelium (ERM) of the pre-cultivated T. inodorum in the inoculated treatments. The experiment comprised the comparison of two AM fungal isolates and two substrates: spoil bank soil and a mixture of this soil with sand. As expected based on the low nutrient levels in the substrates, the pre-cultivated T. inodorum plants responded positively to mycorrhiza, the response being more pronounced in phosphorus uptake than in nitrogen uptake and growth. In contrast, the growth of the seedlings, both the host and the non-host species, was inhibited in the mycorrhizal treatments. Based on the phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in the biomass of the experimental plants, this growth inhibition was attributed to nitrogen depletion in the lateral compartments by the ERM radiating from the central compartment. The results point to an important aspect of mycorrhizal effects on the coexistence of large plants and seedlings in nutrient deficient substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Janoušková
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Rydlová
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - David Püschel
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Száková
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Vosátka
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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Mench M, Schwitzguébel JP, Schroeder P, Bert V, Gawronski S, Gupta S. Assessment of successful experiments and limitations of phytotechnologies: contaminant uptake, detoxification and sequestration, and consequences for food safety. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2009; 16:876-900. [PMID: 19823886 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-009-0252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The term "phytotechnologies" refers to the application of science and engineering to provide solutions involving plants, including phytoremediation options using plants and associated microbes to remediate environmental compartments contaminated by trace elements (TE) and organic xenobiotics (OX). An extended knowledge of the uptake, translocation, storage, and detoxification mechanisms in plants, of the interactions with microorganisms, and of the use of "omic" technologies (functional genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), combined with genetic analysis and plant improvement, is essential to understand the fate of contaminants in plants and food, nonfood and technical crops. The integration of physicochemical and biological understanding allows the optimization of these properties of plants, making phytotechnologies more economically and socially attractive, decreasing the level and transfer of contaminants along the food chain and augmenting the content of essential minerals in food crops. This review will disseminate experience gained between 2004 and 2009 by three working groups of COST Action 859 on the uptake, detoxification, and sequestration of pollutants by plants and consequences for food safety. Gaps between scientific approaches and lack of understanding are examined to suggest further research and to clarify the current state-of-the-art for potential end-users of such green options. CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES Phytotechnologies potentially offer efficient and environmentally friendly solutions for cleanup of contaminated soil and water, improvement of food safety, carbon sequestration, and development of renewable energy sources, all of which contribute to sustainable land use management. Information has been gained at more realistic exposure levels mainly on Cd, Zn, Ni, As, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and herbicides with less on other contaminants. A main goal is a better understanding, at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels, of mechanisms and their regulation related to uptake-exclusion, apoplastic barriers, xylem loading, efflux-influx of contaminants, root-to-shoot transfer, concentration and chemical speciation in xylem/phloem, storage, detoxification, and stress tolerance for plants and associated microbes exposed to contaminants (TE and OX). All remain insufficiently understood especially in the case of multiple-element and mixed-mode pollution. Research must extend from model species to plants of economic importance and include interactions between plants and microorganisms. It remains a major challenge to create, develop, and scale up phytotechnologies to market level and to successfully deploy these to ameliorate the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Mench
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Ecologie des Communautés, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence, France.
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Bunn R, Lekberg Y, Zabinski C. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ameliorate temperature stress in thermophilic plants. Ecology 2009; 90:1378-88. [DOI: 10.1890/07-2080.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Shifting the balance from qualitative to quantitative analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal communities in field soils. FUNGAL ECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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García IV, Mendoza RE. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant symbiosis in a saline-sodic soil. MYCORRHIZA 2007; 17:167-174. [PMID: 17151877 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-006-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The seasonality of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi-plant symbiosis in Lotus glaber Mill. and Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) O.K. and the association with phosphorus (P) plant nutrition were studied in a saline-sodic soil at the four seasons during a year. Plant roots of both species were densely colonized by AM fungi (90 and 73%, respectively in L. glaber and S. secundatum) at high values of soil pH (9.2) and exchangeable sodium percentage (65%). The percentage of colonized root length differed between species and showed seasonality. The morphology of root colonization had a similar pattern in both species. The arbuscular colonization fraction increased at the beginning of the growing season and was positively associated with increased P concentration in both shoot and root tissue. The vesicular colonization fraction was high in summer when plants suffer from stress imposed by high temperatures and drought periods, and negatively associated with P in plant tissue. Spore and hyphal densities in soil were not associated with AM root colonization and did not show seasonality. Our results suggest that AM fungi can survive and colonize L. glaber and S. secundatum roots adapted to extreme saline-sodic soil condition. The symbiosis responds to seasonality and P uptake by the host altering the morphology of root colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana V García
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo E Mendoza
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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