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Zhou Z, Yao Y, Sun Y, Wang X, Huang S, Hou J, Wang L, Wei F. Serum betaine and dimethylglycine in mid-pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03732-4. [PMID: 38448678 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the associations of choline, betaine, dimethylglycine (DMG), L-carnitine, and Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) with the risk of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as well as the markers of glucose homeostasis. METHODS We performed a case-control study including 200 diagnosed GDM cases and 200 controls matched by maternal age (±2 years) and gestational age (±2 weeks). Concentrations of serum metabolites were measured by the high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS Compared to the control group, GDM group had significantly lower serum betaine concentration and betaine/choline ratio, and higher DMG concentration. Furthermore, decreased betaine concentration and betaine/choline ratio, increased DMG concentration showed significant association with the risk of GDM. In addition, serum betaine concentrations were negatively associated with blood glucose levels at 1-h post-glucose load (OGTT-1h), and both betaine and L-carnitine concentrations were positively associated with 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels. Betaine/choline ratio was negatively associated with OGTT-1h and blood glucose levels at 2-h post-glucose load (OGTT-2h) and serum choline concentrations were negatively associated with fasting blood glucose and positively associated with OGTT-2h. CONCLUSION Decreased serum betaine concentrations and betaine/choline ratio, and elevated DMG concentrations could be significant risk factors for GDM. Furthermore, betaine may be associated with blood glucose regulation and short-term glycemic fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Zhou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yao Yao
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Medical Insurance Office of Shenzhen Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shang Huang
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianli Hou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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Teruya T, Sunagawa S, Mori A, Masuzaki H, Yanagida M. Markers for obese and non-obese Type 2 diabetes identified using whole blood metabolomics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2460. [PMID: 36774491 PMCID: PMC9922320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Definitive differences in blood metabolite profiles between obese and non-obese Type 2 diabetes (T2D) have not been established. We performed an LC-MS-based non-targeted metabolomic analysis of whole blood samples collected from subjects classified into 4 types, based on the presence or absence of obesity and T2D. Of the 125 compounds identified, 20, comprising mainly nucleobases and glucose metabolites, showed significant increases or decreases in the T2D group. These included cytidine, UDP-glucuronate, UMP, 6-phosphogluconate, and pentose-phosphate. Among those 20 compounds, 11 enriched in red blood cells (RBCs) have rarely been studied in the context of diabetes, indicating that RBC metabolism is more extensively disrupted than previously known. Correlation analysis revealed that these T2D markers include 15 HbA1c-associated and 5 irrelevant compounds that may reflect diabetic conditions by a different mechanism than that of HbA1c. In the obese group, enhanced protein and fatty acid catabolism causes increases in 13 compounds, including methylated or acetylated amino acids and short-chain carnitines. Our study, which may be considered a pilot investigation, suggests that changes in blood metabolism due to obesity and diabetes are large, but essentially independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Teruya
- G0 Cell Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan
- R&D Cluster Programs Section, Technology Development and Innovation Center, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sumito Sunagawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ayaka Mori
- G0 Cell Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan
- Cell Division Dynamics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yanagida
- G0 Cell Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan.
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Teng HI, Chen HY, Tsai CT, Huang WC, Chen YY, Hsueh CH, Hau WK, Lu TM. The clinical impact of serum 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol levels on coronary artery calcification and adverse outcomes assessed by coronary optical coherence tomography in diabetic patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:997649. [PMID: 36110416 PMCID: PMC9468365 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.997649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSerum 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG) is a novel biomarker for short-term glycemic status and postprandial hyperglycemia. The association between serum 1,5-AG levels and coronary artery calcification (CAC) through a quantitative assessment using optical coherence tomography (OCT) is unclear. We aimed to evaluate this association using OCT in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsFrom June 2016 to December 2019, we prospectively enrolled 256 patients who underwent OCT-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Half of the patients had diabetes. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 1.8 ± 0.8 years (median: 2.2 years). The relative calcium index and relative lipid core index measured by quantitative OCT analysis were used to evaluate the intra-plaque calcium and lipid levels of culprit plaques. We also analyzed the correlation between serum 1,5-AG levels and long-term major adverse cardiovascular events.ResultsSerum 1,5-AG levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients (DM vs. non-DM: 55.6 ± 27.9 μg/mL vs. 63.7 ± 26.1 μg/mL, p = 0.016), and lower in fibrocalcified lesions than in fibrotic or fibrolipidic lesions (fibrocalcified vs. fibrotic or fibrolipidic: 42.8 ± 19.1 vs. 72.9 ± 25.2 or 66.4 ± 27.5 μg/mL, p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, we found a significant inverse correlation between serum 1,5-AG levels and relative calcium index (r = −0.729, p < 0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, low serum 1,5-AG level was identified as an independent predictor for major adverse cardiovascular events in diabetic patients (p = 0.043), but not in non-diabetic patients (p = 0.748) after adjusting for age and sex.ConclusionThis study revealed that low serum 1,5-AG levels were associated with an increased risk of CAC as assessed by OCT, especially in diabetic patients. Low serum 1,5-AG levels may predict future major adverse cardiovascular events in diabetic patients undergoing OCT-guided PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-I Teng
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TaiVeCoron Study Group, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Coronary Intervention Study Group, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yao Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TaiVeCoron Study Group, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Coronary Intervention Study Group, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Tsai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TaiVeCoron Study Group, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Coronary Intervention Study Group, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TaiVeCoron Study Group, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Coronary Intervention Study Group, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- TaiVeCoron Study Group, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Coronary Intervention Study Group, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Hsueh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - William K. Hau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tse-Min Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TaiVeCoron Study Group, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Coronary Intervention Study Group, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Health Care Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Tse-Min Lu,,
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Kim YJ, Lee NY, Lee KA, Park TS, Jin HY. Influence of Glucose Fluctuation on Peripheral Nerve Damage in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:117-128. [PMID: 34496549 PMCID: PMC8831810 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether glycemic variability (GV) is a risk factor for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and whether control of GV is beneficial for DPN. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of GV on peripheral nerve damage by inducing glucose fluctuation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Rats were divided into four groups: normal (normal glucose group [NOR]), diabetes without treatment (sustained severe hyperglycemia group; diabetes mellitus [DM]), diabetes+once daily insulin glargine (stable hyperglycemia group; DM+LAN), and diabetes+once daily insulin glargine with twice daily insulin glulisine (unstable glucose fluctuation group; DM+Lantus [LAN]+Apidra [API]). We measured anti-oxidant enzyme levels and behavioral responses against tactile, thermal, and pressure stimuli in the plasma of rats. We also performed a quantitative comparison of cutaneous and sciatic nerves according to glucose fluctuation. RESULTS At week 24, intraepidermal nerve fiber density was less reduced in the insulin-administered groups compared to the DM group (P<0.05); however, a significant difference was not observed between the DM+LAN and DM+LAN+API groups irrespective of glucose fluctuation (P>0.05; 16.2±1.6, 12.4±2.0, 14.3±0.9, and 13.9±0.6 for NOR, DM, DM+LAN, and DM+LAN+API, respectively). The DM group exhibited significantly decreased glutathione levels compared to the insulin-administered groups (2.64±0.10 μmol/mL, DM+LAN; 1.93±0.0 μmol/mL, DM+LAN+API vs. 1.25±0.04 μmol/mL, DM; P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that glucose control itself is more important than glucose fluctuation in the prevention of peripheral nerve damage, and intra-day glucose fluctuation has a limited effect on the progression of peripheral neuropathy in rats with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ji Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University Medical School-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Na Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University Medical School-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kyung Ae Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University Medical School-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae Sun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University Medical School-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Heung Yong Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University Medical School-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
- Corresponding author: Heung Yong Jin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1841-2092 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea E-mail:
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Ohigashi M, Osugi K, Kusunoki Y, Washio K, Matsutani S, Tsunoda T, Matsuo T, Konishi K, Katsuno T, Namba M, Koyama H. Association of time in range with hemoglobin A1c, glycated albumin and 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:940-949. [PMID: 33058513 PMCID: PMC8169363 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glycated albumin (GA) and 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol (1,5-AG) are used as indicators of glycemic control, whereas continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is used to assess daily glucose profiles. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between CGM metrics, such as time in range (TIR), and glycemic control indicators. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out retrospective CGM and blood tests on 189 outpatients with impaired glucose tolerance (n = 22), type 1 diabetes mellitus (n = 67) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 100). RESULTS In type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, HbA1c and GA were negatively correlated with TIR, whereas 1,5-AG was positively correlated with TIR. In type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, a TIR of 70% corresponded to HbA1c, GA and 1,5-AG of 6.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.5-7.2%), 20.3% (95% CI 19.0-21.7%) and 6.0 µg/mL (95% CI 5.1-6.9 µg/mL), respectively. In type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, a TIR of 70% corresponded to HbA1c, GA and 1,5-AG of 7.1% (95% CI 7.0-7.3%), 19.3% (95% CI 18.7-19.9%) and 10.0 µg/mL (95% CI 9.0-11.0 µg/mL), respectively. TIR values corresponding to HbA1c levels of 7.0% were 56.1% (95% CI 52.3-59.8%) and 74.2% (95% CI 71.3-77.2%) in type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that the estimated HbA1c corresponding to a TIR of 70% was approximately 7.0% for both type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and that the estimated 1,5-AG calculated from the TIR of 70% might be different between type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Ohigashi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Keiko Osugi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Kahori Washio
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Satoshi Matsutani
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Taku Tsunoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Toshihiro Matsuo
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Kosuke Konishi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Katsuno
- Department of Occupational TherapySchool of RehabilitationHyogo University of Health SciencesKobeHyogoJapan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Namba
- Department of Diabetes MellitusTakarazuka City HospitalTakarazukaHyogoJapan
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
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Breyton AE, Lambert-Porcheron S, Laville M, Vinoy S, Nazare JA. CGMS and Glycemic Variability, Relevance in Clinical Research to Evaluate Interventions in T2D, a Literature Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:666008. [PMID: 34566883 PMCID: PMC8458933 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.666008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycemic variability (GV) appears today as an integral component of glucose homeostasis for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review aims at investigating the use and relevance of GV parameters in interventional and observational studies for glucose control management in T2D. It will first focus on the relationships between GV parameters measured by continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) and glycemic control and T2D-associated complications markers. The second part will be dedicated to the analysis of GV parameters from CGMS as outcomes in interventional studies (pharmacological, nutritional, physical activity) aimed at improving glycemic control in patients with T2D. From 243 articles first identified, 63 articles were included (27 for the first part and 38 for the second part). For both analyses, the majority of the identified studies were pharmacological. Lifestyle studies (including nutritional and physical activity-based studies, N-AP) were poorly represented. Concerning the relationships of GV parameters with those for glycemic control and T2D related-complications, the standard deviation (SD), the coefficient of variation (CV), the mean blood glucose (MBG), and the mean amplitude of the glycemic excursions (MAGEs) were the most studied, showing strong relationships, in particular with HbA1c. Regarding the use and relevance of GV as an outcome in interventional studies, in pharmacological ones, SD, MAGE, MBG, and time in range (TIR) were the GV parameters used as main criteria in most studies, showing significant improvement after intervention, in parallel or not with glycemic control parameters' (HbA1c, FBG, and PPBG) improvement. In N-AP studies, the same results were observed for SD, MAGE, and TIR. Despite the small number of N-AP studies addressing both GV and glycemic control parameters compared to pharmacological ones, N-AP studies have shown promising results on GV parameters and would require more in-depth work. Evaluating CGMS-GV parameters as outcomes in interventional studies may provide a more integrative dimension of glucose control than the standard postprandial follow-up. GV appears to be a key component of T2D dysglycemia, and some parameters such as MAGE, SD, or TIR could be used routinely in addition to classical markers of glycemic control such as HbA1c, fasting, or postprandial glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Esther Breyton
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- Nutrition Research, Mondelez International, Saclay, France
| | - Stéphanie Lambert-Porcheron
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Martine Laville
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Sophie Vinoy
- Nutrition Research, Mondelez International, Saclay, France
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- *Correspondence: Julie-Anne Nazare,
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Watt C, Sanchez-Rangel E, Hwang JJ. Glycemic Variability and CNS Inflammation: Reviewing the Connection. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123906. [PMID: 33371247 PMCID: PMC7766608 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the primary energy source for the brain, and exposure to both high and low levels of glucose has been associated with numerous adverse central nervous system (CNS) outcomes. While a large body of work has highlighted the impact of hyperglycemia on peripheral and central measures of oxidative stress, cognitive deficits, and vascular complications in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, there is growing evidence that glycemic variability significantly drives increased oxidative stress, leading to neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. In this review, the latest data on the impact of glycemic variability on brain function and neuroinflammation will be presented. Because high levels of oxidative stress have been linked to dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), special emphasis will be placed on studies investigating the impact of glycemic variability on endothelial and vascular inflammation. The latest clinical and preclinical/in vitro data will be reviewed, and clinical/therapeutic implications will be discussed.
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Chen C, Wang X, Tan Y, Yang J, Yuan Y, Chen J, Guo H, Wang B, Sun Z, Wang Y. Reference intervals for serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol of a population with normal glucose tolerance in Jiangsu Province. J Diabetes 2020; 12:447-454. [PMID: 31846192 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a new glycemic marker which can reflect glucose fluctuation over 3 to 7 days and is now increasingly used to monitor glucose control and to screen for diabetes. However, 1,5-AG has not been widely used in China due to lack of epidemiological support. Our study aims to establish the reference intervals for a population with normal glucose tolerance in Jiangsu Province and to explore the determinants of these intervals. METHOD The study enrolled 646 healthy adults aged 20 to 70 years in Jiangsu Province in 2018 after oral glucose tolerance test. 1,5-AG, fasting and 2-hour glucose, UA, liver enzyme, serum lipid, creatinine, and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured. We calculated reference intervals using the parametric method and examined the relationship between 1,5-AG and influence factors. RESULTS The average age of the participants was 50.5 ± 9.0 years, and 69.5% of them were females. The reference intervals were 15.8 to 52.6 μg/mL for males and 14.3 to 48.0 μg/mL for females. Among females, the reference intervals were 13.9 to 45.3 and 14.6 to 49.6 μg/mL for menopausal and postmenopausal females, respectively. Males showed higher 1,5-AG concentrations than females, and postmenopausal females had higher 1,5-AG than menopausal females. There was a positive correlation between uric acid and 1,5-AG in both genders. Positive correlation between 1,5-AG and age was only observed in females. CONCLUSION We established reference intervals for 1,5-AG in Jiangsu Province, and the level of 1,5-AG is affected by sex, uric acid, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuexing Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijian Guo
- Department of Integrated Services, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziling Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Effect of DPP-IV Inhibitors on Glycemic Variability in Patients with T2DM: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13296. [PMID: 31527625 PMCID: PMC6746852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycemic variability (GV) has been an emerging target for preventing complications related to type 2 diabetes. For reducing GV, DPP-IV inhibitors have shown effectiveness compared to other oral anti-hyperglycemic drugs (OADs), but systematic evaluation has yet to be existed. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were performed to evaluate the effect of DPP-IV inhibitors compared with other OADs, on GV as measured by mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE). Searches were conducted using Pubmed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, from which eligible studies were retrieved; seven RCTs were included in the analysis. DPP-IV inhibitors were found to significantly reduce MAGE compared to other OADs (mean difference = −14.61; 95% CI = −19.00 to −10.21; p < 0.0001) without significant heterogeneity among sulfonylureas (mean difference = −14.93; 95% CI = −21.60 to −8.26; p < 0.0001). Initial combination therapy with DPP-IV inhibitors more effectively reduced MAGE than stepwise add-on therapies (p = 0.006), although no differences in MAGE were found based on HbA1c values. These findings indicate that DPP-IV inhibitors are promising alternatives for reducing GV in type 2 diabetes patients. However, further studies utilizing larger numbers of patients and longer-term follow-ups are needed.
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Sakasai-Sakai A, Takata T, Suzuki H, Maruyama I, Motomiya Y, Takeuchi M. Immunological evidence for in vivo production of novel advanced glycation end-products from 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose, a glycogen metabolite. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10194. [PMID: 31308400 PMCID: PMC6629992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The anhydrofructose pathway is an alternate pathway for glycogen degradation by α-1,4-glucan lyase. The sugar 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose (1,5-AF) acts as the central intermediate of this pathway, but its physiological role of in mammals is unclear. Glycation reactions forming advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are important in the development of complications of diabetes mellitus. We hypothesized that 1,5-AF may contribute to cellular damage by forming 1,5-AF-derived AGEs (AF-AGEs) with intracellular proteins. To clarify the role of 1,5-AF in protein modification, we created a novel antibody targeting AF-AGEs. Serum albumin modified by AF-AGEs was prepared by incubating rabbit serum albumin (RSA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) with 1,5-AF. After immunizing rabbits with AF-AGEs-RSA, affinity chromatography of anti-AF-AGE antiserum was performed on a Sepharose 4B column coupled with AF-AGEs-BSA or N-(carboxymethyl)/N-(carboxyethyl)lysine-BSA. A novel immunopurified anti-AF-AGE antibody was obtained and was characterized using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then an AF-AGEs assay was established using this immunopurified antibody. This assay was able to detect AF-AGEs in human and animal serum samples. Finally, intracellular accumulation of AF-AGEs was shown to be associated with damage to cultured hepatocytes (HepG2 cells). This is the first report about in vivo detection of AF-AGEs with a novel structural epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sakasai-Sakai
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takanobu Takata
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Suzuki
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1181, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | | | - Masayoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
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Pramodkumar TA, Jayashri R, Gokulakrishnan K, Velmurugan K, Pradeepa R, Venkatesan U, Saravanan P, Uma R, Anjana RM, Mohan V. 1,5 Anhydroglucitol in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:231-235. [PMID: 30594413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 1,5 Anhydroglucitol (1,5 AG) is reported to be a more sensitive marker of glucose variability and short-term glycemic control (1-2 weeks) in patients with type1 and type 2 diabetes. However, the role of 1,5 AG in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is not clear. We estimated the serum levels of 1,5 AG in pregnant women with and without GDM. METHODS We recruited 220 pregnant women, 145 without and 75 with GDM visiting antenatal clinics in Tamil Nadu in South India. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were carried out using 82.5 g oral glucose (equivalent to 75 g of anhydrous glucose) and GDM was diagnosed based on the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group criteria. Serum 1,5 AG levels were measured using an enzymatic, colorimetric assay kit (Glycomark®, New York, NY). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify 1,5 AG cut-off points to identify GDM. RESULTS The mean levels of the 1,5 AG were significantly lower in women with GDM (11.8 ± 5.7 μg/mL, p < 0.001) compared to women without GDM (16.2 ± 6.2 μg/mL). In multiple logistic regression analysis, 1.5 AG showed a significant association with GDM (odds ratio [OR]: 0.876, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.812-0.944, p < 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. 1,5 AG had a C statistic of 0.693 compared to Fructosamine (0.671) and HbA1c (0.581) for identifying GDM. A 1,5 AG cut-off of 13.21 μg/mL had a C statistic of 0.6936 (95% CI: 0.6107-0.7583, p < 0.001), sensitivity of 67.6%, and specificity of 65.3% to identify GDM. CONCLUSION 1,5AG levels are lower in pregnant women with GDM compared to individuals without GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyparambil Aravindakshan Pramodkumar
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Jayashri
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Kuppan Gokulakrishnan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Kaliyaperumal Velmurugan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Ulagamathesan Venkatesan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Ponnusamy Saravanan
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ram Uma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.
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Chan CL, Pyle L, Kelsey M, Newnes L, Baumgartner A, Zeitler PS, Nadeau KJ. Alternate glycemic markers reflect glycemic variability in continuous glucose monitoring in youth with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:629-636. [PMID: 27873436 PMCID: PMC5440227 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the alternate glycemic markers, fructosamine (FA), glycated albumin (GA), and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5AG), predict glycemic variability captured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in obese youth with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). STUDY DESIGN Youth with BMI ≥85th%ile, 10-18 years, had collection of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), FA, GA, and 1,5AG and 72 hours of CGM. Participants with HbA1c ≥5.7% were included. Relationships between glycemic markers and CGM variables were determined with Spearman correlation coefficients. Linear models were used to examine the association between alternate markers and CGM measures of glycemic variability-standard deviation (SD) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)-after controlling for HbA1c. RESULTS Total n = 56; Median (25th%ile, 75th%ile) age = 14.3 years (12.5, 15.9), 32% male, 64% Hispanic, 20% black, 13% white, HbA1c = 5.9% (5.8, 6.3), FA=211 mmol/L (200, 226), GA= 12% (11%, 12%), and 1,5AG = 22mcg/mL (19, 26). HbA1c correlated with average sensor glucose, AUC, SD, MAGE, and %time > 140 mg/dL. FA and GA correlated with average and peak sensor glucose, %time >140 and >200 mg/dL, and MAGE. GA also correlated with SD and AUC180. 1,5AG correlated with peak glucose, AUC180, SD, and MAGE. After adjusting for HbA1c, all 3 markers independently predicted MAGE; FA and GA independently predicted SD. CONCLUSIONS Alternate glycemic markers predict glycemic variability as measured by CGM in youth with prediabetes and T2D. After adjusting for HbA1c, these alternate markers continued to predict components of glycemic variability detected by CGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L. Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, Administrative Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Megan Kelsey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Lindsey Newnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Amy Baumgartner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Philip S. Zeitler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Kristen J. Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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Su H, Ma X, Yin J, Wang Y, He X, Bao Y, Zhou J, Jia W. Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels slightly increase rather than decrease after a glucose load in subjects with different glucose tolerance status. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:463-470. [PMID: 28210869 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-017-0968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies showed that serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels are significantly reduced in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, it remains unclear how 1,5-AG levels acutely change in response to a glucose load. This study explored acute changes in 1,5-AG levels after a glucose load and the related influencing factors in individuals with differing degrees of glucose tolerance. METHODS A total of 681 participants (353 without DM and 328 with DM) without a prior history of DM were enrolled. All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting and postload (30, 60, 120, and 180 min) levels of plasma glucose, serum 1,5-AG, and insulin were measured. RESULTS In all participant groups, serum 1,5-AG levels were slightly elevated after a glucose load and reached peak values at 120 min after loading (all P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that body weight was negatively associated with the difference between peak and baseline 1,5-AG levels (Δ1,5-AG, standardized β = -0.119, P < 0.01). A strong and positive association between 1,5-AG0 and Δ1,5-AG was also found independent of other confounding factors (standardized β = 0.376, P < 0.01). The ratio of the Δ1,5-AG to the 1,5-AG0 was higher in DM patients (7.3% [3.4-11.5%]) than in those without DM (6.2% [3.6-9.2%]). CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the established decline in 1,5-AG levels with long-term hyperglycemia, the present study showed that serum 1,5-AG levels slightly increased by 6-7% after a glucose load. Further studies in different 1,5-AG transport models are needed to investigate the relevant metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xingxing He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kashgar Prefecture Second People's Hospital, Liberated South Road, Kashgar, 844000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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14
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Foo V, Quah J, Cheung G, Tan NC, Ma Zar KL, Chan CM, Lamoureux E, Tien Yin W, Tan G, Sabanayagam C. HbA1c, systolic blood pressure variability and diabetic retinopathy in Asian type 2 diabetics. J Diabetes 2017; 9:200-207. [PMID: 27043025 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to examine the association between variability in HbA1c or systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diabetes-specific moderate retinopathy in Asians with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS A retrospective study was conducted of 172 cases of moderate diabetic retinopathy (DR) cases and 226 controls without DR, matched for age, sex, and ethnicity. Serial HbA1c and SBP (range 3-6 readings) over the 2 years prior to photographic screening of DR were collected. Intrapersonal mean and SD values for HbA1c (iM-HbA1c and iSD-HbA1c) and SBP (iM-SBP and iSD-SBP) were derived. Moderate DR was assessed from digital retinal photographs and defined as levels >43 using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study scale. RESULTS Cases of moderate DR had higher iM-HbA1c (8.2 % vs 7.3 %; P = 0.001), iSD-HbA1c (1.22 vs 0.64; P = 0.001), iM-SBP (136.8 vs 129.6 mmHg; P = 0.001) and iSD-SBP (13.3 vs 11.1; P = 0.002) than controls. In the multivariate regression model adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, duration of diabetes, SBP, and HbA1c, iM-HbA1c and iM-SBP were significantly associated with moderate DR (odds ratio [OR] 1.80, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.37-2.36; and OR 1.03, 95 % CI 1.01-1.05, respectively). Neither iSD-HbA1c nor iSD-SBP were associated with moderate DR. When stratified by HbA1c <7 %, only iSD-SBP remained significantly associated with moderate DR (OR 1.11, 95 % CI 1.01-1.21). CONCLUSION In a cohort of Asian patients with T2D, both higher mean HbA1c levels and SBP, but not their variability, were associated with moderate DR. Among those with good glycemic control, wider variability of SBP is associated with moderate DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valencia Foo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Ecosse Lamoureux
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wong Tien Yin
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gavin Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Kwon PS, Rheem I. The Assessment of Blood Glucose Distribution according to the Fasting State and Glycemic Control Indicators for Diabetes Screening. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2016.48.4.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pil Seung Kwon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University, lksan 54538, Korea
| | - Insoo Rheem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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16
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Jin HY, Lee KA, Park TS. The impact of glycemic variability on diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Endocrine 2016; 53:643-8. [PMID: 27383181 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mean glucose values alone cannot explain the patterns of morbidity and mortality due to dysglycemia in diabetes. Development of continuous glucose monitoring systems has improved the analysis and interpretation of glycemic variability. The roles of glycemic components other than constant hyperglycemia in diabetic complications must be investigated because large clinical studies have indicated that risk factors besides the average glucose value of HbA1c are involved in chronic macrocomplications/microcomplications of diabetes. Among these complications, the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is particularly complex, and several factors related to glucose and nonglucose pathways have been suggested as risk factors. There is little information regarding the effect of glycemic variability on diabetic peripheral neuropathy, unlike other microvascular complications of retinopathy and nephropathy, and whether glycemic variability causes harmful effects is still a matter of debate. In this review, we discuss the relationships between glycemic variability and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, focusing on somatosensory peripheral neuropathies rather than autonomic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung Yong Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Ae Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Tae Sun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea.
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Pramodkumar TA, Jayashri R, Gokulakrishnan K, Velmurugan K, Pradeepa R, Anjana RM, Mohan V. Relationship of glycemic control markers - 1,5 anhydroglucitol, fructosamine, and glycated hemoglobin among Asian Indians with different degrees of glucose intolerance. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2016; 20:690-695. [PMID: 27730082 PMCID: PMC5040052 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.190559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 1,5 anhydroglucitol (1,5 AG) is emerging as a marker of short-term glycemic control. We measured levels of 1,5 AG, fructosamine (FA), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Asian Indians with different degrees of glucose intolerance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 210 individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 60), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 50), and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; n = 100) from a large tertiary diabetes center in Chennai in Southern India. Anthropometric measurements were obtained using standardized techniques. Serum 1,5 AG (enzymatic colorimetric assay), FA (NBT/kinetic), and HbA1c (high-performance liquid chromatography) estimations were performed. RESULTS 1,5 AG levels were significantly lower in the T2DM followed by IGT compared with the NGT group (7.9 vs. 18.8 vs. 21.8 µg/ml, P < 0.05). FA and HbA1c were higher in T2DM and IGT compared with NGT individuals (313 vs. 237 vs. 200 µmol/L, P < 0.001) (8.3 vs. 5.8 vs. 5.3%, P < 0.001).1,5 AG showed a significant negative correlation with FA (r = -0.618, P < 0.001) and HbA1c (r = -0.700, P < 0.001). 1,5 AG decreased with increasing quartiles of postprandial glucose (P for trend <0.001). However, even among individuals with HbA1c ≤7%, 27% individuals had decreased 1,5 AG plasma level (<10 µg/ml). CONCLUSION Circulatory levels of 1,5 AG correlate negatively with FA and HbA1c, and may provide an additional marker to assess glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramamoorthy Jayashri
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuppan Gokulakrishnan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaliyaperumal Velmurugan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hasslacher C, Kulozik F. Effect of renal function on serum concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in type 2 diabetic patients in chronic kidney disease stages I-III: A comparative study with HbA1c and glycated albumin. J Diabetes 2016; 8:712-9. [PMID: 26615054 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a new blood glucose control marker reflecting temporary glucose elevations. However, 1,5-AG is of limited value in patients with advanced renal insufficiency. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between 1,5-AG levels and renal function in patients with earlier stages of nephropathy compared with another two markers of diabetes control, namely HbA1c and glycated albumin (GA). METHODS The following parameters were measured in 377 patients with type 2 diabetes: HbA1c, serum concentrations of 1,5-AG, GA and creatinine, hemoglobin, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, and urinary excretion of α1 -microglobulin (A1M). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the Cockgroft-Gault formula. RESULTS There was a negative correlation between 1,5-AG and renal function (r = -0.18; P < 0.001). Concentrations of 1,5-AG were, on average, 27.2% lower in patients with glomerular hyperfiltration (eGFR >120 mL/min) compared with patients with moderate renal impairment (eGFR 30-59 mL/min; P = 0.016). In contrast, HbA1c, GA levels and urinary A1M excretion did not differ between the two patient groups. The mean age of patients with eGFR 30-59 mL/min was substantially higher than that of patients with glomerular hyperfiltration (P < 0.001). Thus, an age-related change in the renal glucose threshold could be the reason for the observed correlation between 1,5-AG and renal function. CONCLUSIONS In clinical practice, age and renal function must be taken into consideration when interpreting 1,5-AG levels, even in the absence of advanced renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hasslacher
- Diabetesinstitut Heidelberg and Department of Clinical Studies at St. Josefskrankenhaus Heidelberg GmbH, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Kulozik
- Diabetesinstitut Heidelberg and Department of Clinical Studies at St. Josefskrankenhaus Heidelberg GmbH, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Kim LK, Roh E, Kim MJ, Kim MK, Park KS, Kwak SH, Cho YM, Park KS, Jang HC, Jung HS. Serum bilirubin levels are positively associated with glycemic variability in women with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2016; 7:874-880. [PMID: 27180936 PMCID: PMC5089950 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Glycemic variability is known to induce oxidative stress. We investigated the relationships between glycemic variability and serum bilirubin levels, an endogenous anti‐oxidant, in patients with diabetes. Materials and Methods A cross‐sectional study was carried out with 77 patients with type 2 diabetes who had been recruited to two clinical studies from 2008 to 2014. There were no participants with diseases of the pancreas, liver, biliary tract and chronic renal insufficiency. Glycemic variation was calculated by a continuous glucose monitoring system, and correlation analyses were carried out to evaluate their association with bilirubin levels. Multiple linear regression was carried out to identify independent factors influencing bilirubin levels and glycemic variation. Results Among the participants, 42.3% were men. The mean (standard deviation) age was 61.5 years (10.4 years), body mass index was 24.2 kg/m2 (2.8 kg/m2), diabetes duration was 17.7 years (9.5 years), hemoglobin A1c was 60.7 mmol/mol (7.1 mmol/mol; 7.7 [0.7]%) and bilirubin was 11.8 μmol/L (4.10 μmol/L). Serum bilirubin levels were not different according to age, body mass index and hemoglobin A1c. However, the mean amplitude of glucose excursion was positively associated with bilirubin levels in women (r = 0.588, P < 0.001). After adjustment with duration of diabetes, serum albumin, liver enzymes, and mean glucose, the correlation between bilirubin and mean amplitude of glucose excursion remained significant (r = 0.566, P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that bilirubin was an independent determinant for the mean amplitude of glucose excursion in women. 1,5‐Anhydroglucitol was also associated with bilirubin levels in women. Conclusions Bilirubin level within the physiological range might be an independent predictor for glycemic variability in women with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong Seon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim MK, Jung HS, Kwak SH, Cho YM, Park KS, Kim SY. 1,5-Anhydro-D-Glucitol Could Reflect Hypoglycemia Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Insulin Therapy. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2016; 31:284-91. [PMID: 27246285 PMCID: PMC4923413 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2016.31.2.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of a marker for hypoglycemia could help patients achieve strict glucose control with a lower risk of hypoglycemia. 1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG) reflects postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with well-controlled diabetes, which contributes to glycemic variability. Because glycemic variability is related to hypoglycemia, we aimed to evaluate the value of 1,5-AG as a marker of hypoglycemia. METHODS We enrolled 18 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving insulin therapy and assessed the occurrence of hypoglycemia within a 3-month period. We measured 1,5-AG level, performed a survey to score the severity of hypoglycemia, and applied a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). RESULTS 1,5-AG was significantly lower in the high hypoglycemia-score group compared to the low-score group. Additionally, the duration of insulin treatment was significantly longer in the high-score group. Subsequent analyses were adjusted by the duration of insulin treatment and mean blood glucose, which was closely associated with both 1,5-AG level and hypoglycemia risk. In adjusted correlation analyses, 1,5-AG was negatively correlated with hypoglycemia score, area under the curve at 80 mg/dL, and low blood glucose index during CGMS (P=0.068, P=0.033, and P=0.060, respectively). CONCLUSION 1,5-AG level was negatively associated with hypoglycemia score determined by recall and with documented hypoglycemia after adjusting for mean glucose and duration of insulin treatment. As a result, this level could be a marker of the risk of hypoglycemia in patients with well-controlled T2DM receiving insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Soo Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jeon WS, Park SE, Rhee EJ, Lee WY, Oh KW, Park SW, Park CY. The association of serum glycated albumin with the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 116:46-53. [PMID: 27321316 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the clinical relationship between serum glycated albumin (GA) and diabetic retinopathy in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A cross-sectional study including 424 patients with T2DM was conducted. Patients were divided into groups based on the presence of diabetic retinopathy and tertiles of serum GA and 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels. RESULTS Patients in the highest tertile of GA had a higher risk of diabetic retinopathy than those in the lowest tertile. Further analysis divided the groups based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, either above or below 8% (64mmol/mol), and revealed that in those with a HbA1c below 8% (64mmol/mol), the higher GA subgroup had an increased presence of diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS An increased GA level was significantly correlated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy, and measuring GA levels in addition to HbA1c was beneficial as a marker for retinopathy, especially in patients with moderate glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Seon Jeon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Won Oh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yoon JW, Jung HS, Jang JY, Kim MJ, Kim JH, Ohn JH, Kim JH, Lee HM, Kim HC, Lee KB, Choi SA, Kim SW, Park KS. Improved Insulin Secretion by Autologous Islet Transplantation, Compared to Oral Antidiabetic Agents, after Distal Pancreatectomy. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:1615-26. [DOI: 10.3727/096368914x682440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of autologous islet transplantation (ITx) were compared to those of oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) after distal pancreatectomy (NCT01922492). We enrolled nondiabetic patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for benign tumors. In the ITx group, islets were isolated from the normal part of the resected pancreas and implanted via the portal vein. Patients who did not receive ITx were regularly monitored and were enrolled in the OAD group if diabetes mellitus developed. The OAD group was treated with metformin with or without vildagliptin. Metabolic parameters were monitored for 12 months postoperatively. Nine patients in the ITx group and 10 in the OAD group were included in the analysis. After 12 months, hemoglobin A1c significantly increased by 5% of the baseline in each group. Area under the curve for blood glucose (AUCglucose) of the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test increased similarly in the immediate postoperative period in both groups but significantly reduced only in the ITx group thereafter. Insulinogenic index (INSindex) significantly decreased from 25.6 ± 18.9 to 4.7 ± 3.7 in the OAD group, while no significant change was observed in the ITx group (from 15.0 ± 4.5 to 11.0 ± 8.2). In the multiple regression analysis, ITx was an independent factor for changes in AUCglucose and INSindex. In addition, changes in INSindex in the ITx group after postoperative 6 months were associated with the efficacy of islet isolation, amount of grafts, and peak serum HMGB1 and VEGF levels after ITx. ITx was superior to OAD in maintaining insulin secretory capacity and glucose tolerance after distal pancreatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Young Jang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hun Ohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Mo Lee
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Cheol Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Bun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung A Choi
- Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Whe Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Jung HS. Clinical Implications of Glucose Variability: Chronic Complications of Diabetes. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2015; 30:167-74. [PMID: 26194076 PMCID: PMC4508260 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2015.30.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose variability has been identified as a potential risk factor for diabetic complications; oxidative stress is widely regarded as the mechanism by which glycemic variability induces diabetic complications. However, there remains no generally accepted gold standard for assessing glucose variability. Representative indices for measuring intraday variability include calculation of the standard deviation along with the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE). MAGE is used to measure major intraday excursions and is easily measured using continuous glucose monitoring systems. Despite a lack of randomized controlled trials, recent clinical data suggest that long-term glycemic variability, as determined by variability in hemoglobin A1c, may contribute to the development of microvascular complications. Intraday glycemic variability is also suggested to accelerate coronary artery disease in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Ma X, Hu X, Zhou J, Hao Y, Luo Y, Lu Z, Bao Y, Jia W. Glycated albumin is more closely correlated with coronary artery disease than 1,5-anhydroglucitol and glycated hemoglobin A1c. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:16. [PMID: 25851542 PMCID: PMC4334610 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of two nontraditional glycemic markers, glycated albumin (GA) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), as well as glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS In total, 272 subjects (178 men and 94 postmenopausal women) were enrolled in this study. All of them underwent coronary angiography which was used to diagnose CAD. The severity of coronary artery stenosis was assessed by the coronary stenosis index (CSI). GA and 1,5-AG were assayed using the enzymatic method, and HbA1c was detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS The HbA1c and GA levels were significantly higher in CAD group than those in non-CAD group (both P < 0.01). While the 1,5-AG level was significantly lower in CAD group than that in non-CAD group (P < 0.05). After adjustment for traditional risk factors of CAD, HbA1c, 1,5-AG, and GA, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that GA was an independent risk factor for CAD (odds ratio = 1.143, 95% confidence interval: 1.048-1.247, P = 0.002). With CSI as a dependent variable, multiple stepwise regression analysis demonstrated an independent positive correlation between GA and CSI (standardized β = 0.184, P = 0.003), beyond gender, age, and lipid-lowering therapy, after adjustment for traditional risk factors of CAD, HbA1c, 1,5-AG, and GA. CONCLUSIONS GA was more closely correlated with CAD than HbA1c and 1,5-AG in a Chinese population with high risk of CAD.
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Strong correlation between glycaemic variability and total glucose exposure in type 2 diabetes is limited to subjects with satisfactory glycaemic control. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2014; 40:272-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sabanayagam C, Teppala S, Shankar A. Relationship between urinary bisphenol A levels and prediabetes among subjects free of diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50:625-31. [PMID: 23636267 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-013-0472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high volume production chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Recent experimental studies have suggested that BPA affects glucose metabolism through diverse mechanisms including insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, adipogenesis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Prediabetes is a stage earlier in the hyperglycemia continuum associated with increased future risk of developing diabetes. Therefore, we examined the association between BPA exposure and prediabetes among subjects free of diabetes. We examined the association between urinary BPA levels and prediabetes in 3,516 subjects from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2003-2008. Urinary BPA levels were examined in tertiles. Prediabetes was defined as fasting glucose concentration 100-125 mg/dL or 2-h glucose concentration of 140-199 mg/dL or an A1C value of 5.7-6.4 %. Overall, we observed a positive association between higher levels of urinary BPA and prediabetes, independent of potential confounders including body mass index, alcohol intake, blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels. Compared to tertile 1 (referent), the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) of prediabetes associated with tertile 3 of BPA was 1.34 (1.03-1.73), p-trend = 0.02. In subgroup analysis, this association was stronger among women and obese subjects. Higher urinary BPA levels are found to be associated with prediabetes independent of traditional diabetes risk factors. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm or disprove this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Department of Community Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 9190, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9190, USA,
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Schu M, Faust A, Stosik B, Kohring GW, Giffhorn F, Scheidig AJ. The structure of substrate-free 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase from Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 reveals an open enzyme conformation. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:844-9. [PMID: 23908025 PMCID: PMC3729156 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309113019490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
1,5-Anhydro-D-fructose (1,5-AF) is an interesting building block for enantioselective and stereoselective organic synthesis. Enzymes acting on this compound are potential targets for structure-based protein/enzyme design to extend the repertoire of catalytic modifications of this and related building blocks. Recombinant 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase (AFR) from Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 was produced in Escherichia coli, purified using a fused 6×His affinity tag and crystallized in complex with the cofactor NADP(H) using the hanging-drop technique. Its structure was determined to 1.93 Å resolution using molecular replacement. The structure displays an empty substrate-binding site and can be interpreted as an open conformation reflecting the enzyme state shortly after the release of product, presumably with bound oxidized cofactor NADP⁺. Docking simulations indicated that amino-acid residues Lys94, His151, Trp162, Arg163, Asp176 and His180 are involved in substrate binding, catalysis or product release. The side chain of Lys94 seems to have the ability to function as a molecular switch. The crystal structure helps to characterize the interface relevant for dimer formation as observed in solution. The crystal structure is compared with the structure of the homologue from S. morelense, which was solved in a closed conformation and for which dimer formation in solution could not be verified but seems to be likely based on the presented studies of S. meliloti AFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Schu
- Institute of Zoology – Structural Biology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Annette Faust
- Institute of Zoology – Structural Biology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Beata Stosik
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gert-Wieland Kohring
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Friedrich Giffhorn
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Axel J. Scheidig
- Institute of Zoology – Structural Biology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Chon S, Lee YJ, Fraterrigo G, Pozzilli P, Choi MC, Kwon MK, Chin SO, Rhee SY, Oh S, Kim YS, Woo JT. Evaluation of glycemic variability in well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Technol Ther 2013; 15:455-60. [PMID: 23617251 PMCID: PMC3671661 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2012.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS It is necessary to evaluate glucose variability and postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus because of the limitations associated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurements. We evaluated parameters reflecting postprandial hyperglycemia and glycemic variability in patients with optimal HbA1c. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-nine patients with HbA1c levels below 7% were recruited to the study. A continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) was applied for two 72-h periods. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) and fructosamine (FA) were measured as parameters for postprandial hyperglycemia and glucose variability. Using CGMS data, the following postprandial hyperglycemia parameters were calculated: mean postprandial maximum glucose (MPMG) and area under the curve for glucose above 180 mg/dL (AUC-180). To measure glycemic variability, we calculated mean amplitude of glucose excursion (MAGE) using a classical (MAGEc) and new method (MAGE group of sign [MAGEgos]). RESULTS The baseline HbA1c level was 6.3±0.3%. The mean MPMG was 10.34±1.84 mmol/L, and the mean AUC-180 was 0.17±0.23 mmol/L/day. The mean MAGEgos was 3.27±1.29 mmol/L, and MAGEc was 4.30±1.43 mmol/L, indicating glycemic variability in our patients. The mean levels of 1,5-AG and FA were 16.7±7.4 μg/mL and 273.0±22.5 μmol/L, respectively. In a correlation analysis, FA was significantly correlated with MPMG, AUC-180, MAGEgos, and MAGEc. In contrast, 1,5-AG was only correlated with AUC-180. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated postprandial hyperglycemia and glycemic variability in subjects with well-controlled diabetes. FA may reflect postprandial hyperglycemia and glycemic variability, but 1,5-AG may be of limited value for assessing glucose variability in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jung Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gemma Fraterrigo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Moon Chan Choi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Kwang Kwon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Chin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungjoon Oh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Seol Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
The measure of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration is the gold standard of glycemic control index in diabetes management and is well known as a marker for diabetes complications. However, HbA1c level neither accurately reflect glucose fluctuations, nor does it provide a clear indication of glycemic control in recent days or weeks. HbA1c concentration measurement can be confounded in patients with anemia, hemoglobinopathy, liver disease, or renal impairment. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) structurally resembles glucose. It can be influenced by diet or medication, gender and race, especially severe renal disease and various pathological conditions. Most notably, 1,5-AG level is reflective of short-term glucose status, postprandial hyperglycemia, and glycemic variability which are not captured by HbA1c assay. 1,5-AG may suggest an alternative index of subtypes of diabetes and a warning sign of diabetes complications. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the role of 1,5-AG marker in diabetes. However, further investigations on the associations between this glycemic marker and diabetes complications are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
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Abstract
The conventional glycemic indices used in management of diabetic patients includes A1c, fructosamine, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, and glycated albumin (GA). Among these indices, A1c is currently used as the gold standard. However, A1c cannot reflect the glycemic change over a relatively short period of time, and its accuracy is known to decrease when abnormalities in hemoglobin metabolism, such as anemia, coexist. When considering these weaknesses, there have been needs for finding a novel glycemic index for diagnosing and managing diabetes, as well as for predicting diabetic complications properly. Recently, several studies have suggested the potential of GA as an intermediate-term glycation index in covering the short-term effect of treatment. Furthermore, its role as a pathogenic protein affecting the worsening of diabetes and occurrence of diabetic complications is receiving attention as well. Therefore, in this article, we wanted to review the recent status of GA as a glycemic index and as a pathogenic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Joon Kim
- Severance Executive Healthcare Clinic, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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