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Lin CE, Lin PY, Yang WC, Huang YS, Lin TY, Chen CM, Chen HS, Lee JA, Chen SM. Evaluation of the nephrotoxicity and safety of low-dose aristolochic acid, extending to the use of Xixin (Asurum), by determination of methylglyoxal and d-lactate. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 272:113945. [PMID: 33617966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Most Aristolochiaceae plants are prohibited due to aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), except Xixin (Asarum spp.). Xixin contains trace amounts of aristolochic acid (AA) and is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Methylglyoxal and d-lactate are regarded as biomarkers for nephrotoxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY The use of Xixin (Asarum spp.) is essential and controversial. This study aimed to evaluate tubulointerstitial injury and interstitial renal fibrosis by determining urinary methylglyoxal and d-lactate after withdrawal of low-dose AA in a chronic mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS C3H/He mice in the AA group (n = 24/group) were given ad libitum access to distilled water containing 3 μg/mL AA (0.5 mg/kg/day) for 56 days and drinking water from days 57 to 84. The severity of tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis were evaluated using the tubulointerstitial histological score (TIHS) and Masson's trichrome staining. Urinary and serum methylglyoxal were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); urinary d-lactate were determined by column-switching HPLC. RESULTS After AA withdrawal, serum methylglyoxal in the AA group increased from day 56 (429.4 ± 48.3 μg/L) to 84 (600.2 ± 99.9 μg/L), and peaked on day 70 (878.3 ± 171.8 μg/L; p < 0.05); TIHS and fibrosis exhibited similar patterns. Urinary methylglyoxal was high on day 56 (3.522 ± 1.061 μg), declined by day 70 (1.583 ± 0.437 μg) and increased by day 84 (2.390 ± 0.130 μg). Moreover, urinary d-lactate was elevated on day 56 (82.10 ± 18.80 μg) and higher from day 70 (201.10 ± 90.82 μg) to 84 (193.28 ± 61.32 μg). CONCLUSIONS Methylglyoxal is induced after AA-induced tubulointerstitial injury, so methylglyoxal excretion and metabolism may be a detoxification and repair strategy. A low cumulative AA dose is the key factor that limits tubulointerstitial injury and helps to repair. Thus, AA-containing herbs, especially Xixin, should be used at low doses for short durations (less than one month).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-En Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No.250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Yeh Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No.250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No.250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shen Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No.250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Yao Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No.250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ming Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Shing Chen
- Graduate Institute of Electro-optical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Keelung Rd., Sec.4, Da'an Dist., Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Ai Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No.250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Ming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No.250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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Utilizing methylglyoxal and D-lactate in urine to evaluate saikosaponin C treatment in mice with accelerated nephrotoxic serum nephritis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241053. [PMID: 33104740 PMCID: PMC7588094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between methylglyoxal (MGO) and D-lactate during saikosaponin C (SSC) treatment of mice with accelerated nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis was investigated. NTS nephritis was induced by administration of anti-basement membrane antibodies to C57BL/6 mice and three dosages of SSC were administered for 14 days. Proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, renal histology, urinary MGO and d-lactate changes were examined. Compared to the NTS control group, the middle dosage (10 mg/kg/day) of SSC significantly alleviated the development of nephritis based on urine protein measurements (34.40 ± 6.85 vs. 17.33 ± 4.79 mg/day, p<0.05). Pathological observation of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) revealed monocyte infiltration, hypertrophy, and crescents were alleviated, and injury scoring also showed improved efficacy for the middle dose of SSC during nephritis (7.92 ± 1.37 vs. 3.50 ± 1.14, p<0.05). Moreover, the significant decreases in urinary levels of MGO (24.71 ± 3.46 vs. 16.72 ± 2.36 μg/mg, p<0.05) and D-lactate (0.31 ± 0.04 vs. 0.23 ± 0.02 μmol/mg, p<0.05) were consistent with the biochemical and pathological examinations. This study demonstrates that MGO and D-lactate may reflect the extent of damage and the efficacy of SSC in NTS nephritis; further studies are required to enable clinical application.
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Lin PY, Chen SM, Hsieh CL, Lin CY, Huang YS, Hamase K, Lee JA. Determination of temporal changes in serum and urinary lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate enantiomers in mice with nephrotoxic serum nephritis by multi-dimensional HPLC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 188:113367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Huang YS, Li YC, Tsai PY, Lin CE, Chen CM, Chen SM, Lee JA. Accumulation of methylglyoxal and d
-lactate in Pb-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shen Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Li
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chia-En Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ai Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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Viswanath KB, Devasenathipathy R, Wang SF, Vasantha VS. A New Route for the Enzymeless Trace Level Detection of Creatinine Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide/Silver Nanocomposite Biosensor. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Balaji Viswanath
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai India
| | - Rajkumar Devasenathipathy
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sea-Fue Wang
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei Taiwan
| | - V. S. Vasantha
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai India
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Elevated urinary d-lactate levels in patients with diabetes and microalbuminuria. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 116:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Fraselle S, De Cremer K, Coucke W, Glorieux G, Vanmassenhove J, Schepers E, Neirynck N, Van Overmeire I, Van Loco J, Van Biesen W, Vanholder R. Development and validation of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to measure creatinine in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 988:88-97. [PMID: 25756209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of creatinine measurement in biological fluids using a large variety of analytical methods, an accurate determination of this compound remains challenging. Especially with the novel trend to assess biomarkers on large sample sets preserved in biobanks, a simple and fast method that could cope with both a high sample throughput and a low volume of sample is still of interest. In answer to these challenges, a fast and accurate ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to measure creatinine in small volumes of human urine. In this method, urine samples are simply diluted with a basic mobile phase and injected directly under positive electrospray ionization (ESI) conditions, without further purification steps. The combination of an important diluting factor (10(4) times) due to the use of a very sensitive triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (XEVO TQ) and the addition of creatinine-d3 as internal standard completely eliminates matrix effects coming from the urine. The method was validated in-house in 2012 according to the EMA guideline on bioanalytical method validation using Certified Reference samples from the German External Quality Assessment Scheme (G-Equas) proficiency test. All obtained results for accuracy and recovery are within the authorized tolerance ranges defined by G-Equas. The method is linear between 0 and 5 g/L, with LOD and LOQ of 5 × 10(-3) g/L and 10(-2) g/L, respectively. The repeatability (CV(r) = 1.03-2.07%) and intra-laboratory reproducibility (CV(RW) = 1.97-2.40%) satisfy the EMA 2012 guideline. The validated method was firstly applied to perform the German G-Equas proficiency test rounds 51 and 53, in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The obtained results were again all within the accepted tolerance ranges and very close to the reference values defined by the organizers of the proficiency test scheme, demonstrating an excellent accuracy of the developed method. The method was finally applied to measure the creatinine concentration in 210 urine samples, coming from 190 patients with a chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 20 healthy subjects. The obtained creatinine concentrations (ranging from 0.12 g/L up to 3.84 g/L) were compared, by means of a Passing Bablok regression, with the creatinine contents obtained for the same samples measured using a traditional compensated Jaffé method. The UHPLC-MS/MS method described in this paper can be used to normalize the concentration of biomarkers in urine for the extent of dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fraselle
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - K De Cremer
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Coucke
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Quality of Medical Laboratories, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Glorieux
- Ghent University Hospital, Renal Division, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - E Schepers
- Ghent University Hospital, Renal Division, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N Neirynck
- Ghent University Hospital, Renal Division, Ghent, Belgium
| | - I Van Overmeire
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Van Loco
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Van Biesen
- Ghent University Hospital, Renal Division, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Vanholder
- Ghent University Hospital, Renal Division, Ghent, Belgium
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Huang TC, Chen SM, Li YC, Lee JA. Increased renal semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity and methylglyoxal levels in aristolochic acid-induced nephrotoxicity. Life Sci 2014; 114:4-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Huang TC, Chen SM, Li YC, Lee JA. Urinaryd-lactate levels reflect renal function in aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy in mice. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1100-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; No. 250, Wuxing St; Taipei; 11031; Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; No. 250, Wuxing St; Taipei; 11031; Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Li
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; No. 250, Wuxing St; Taipei; 11031; Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ai Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; No. 250, Wuxing St; Taipei; 11031; Taiwan
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Tsai PY, Chen SM, Chen HY, Li YC, Imai K, Hsu KY, Lee JA. Proteome analysis of altered proteins in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat kidney using the fluorogenic derivatization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:382-9. [PMID: 22972526 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To find new molecular markers for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy, we applied fluorogenic derivatization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify the differentially expressed proteins in the kidney of control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with the sodium citrate buffer or streptozotocin and then killed after 1, 4, 12 and 24 weeks. The results showed that seven proteins were significantly changed after 1 week of injection. Only one protein had significantly changed after 4 weeks of injection. However, after 12 weeks of injection, the number of altered proteins rose to 10. After 24 weeks of injection, 18 proteins had altered significantly. Five common proteins were significantly altered at week 12 and 24 after injection, respectively. Importantly, these proteins appeared prior to microalbuminuria and may serve as new biomarkers that are able to improve early detection of and new drug development for diabetic-related nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yun Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
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Hou H, Xiong W, Zhang X, Song D, Tang G, Hu Q. LC-MS-MS Measurements of Urinary Creatinine and the Application of Creatinine Normalization Technique on Cotinine in Smokers' 24 Hour Urine. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:245415. [PMID: 23209947 PMCID: PMC3503330 DOI: 10.1155/2012/245415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS-MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of creatinine in human urine. The analysis was carried out on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column (2.1 × 150 mm, 3.5 μm). The mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (50/50, v/v). Linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 1-2000.0 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 0.99 ng/mL. The intra- and interday precision (RSD) values were below 3%. The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of creatinine in Chinese smokers and nonsmokers. The total cotinine in 24 h urine and cotinine : creatinine ratio were also positively associated (Pearson R = 0.942, P < 0.0001). However, cotinine : creatinine ratio varied significantly across smoking groups for the difference of individual. 24 h urinary cotinine was more appropriate for expressing correlation with tar than cotinine : creatinine ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- *Hongwei Hou: and
| | - Wei Xiong
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dongkui Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Gangling Tang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- *Qingyuan Hu:
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Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Rodionov RN, Drust A, Bode-Böger SM. Detection and quantification of α-keto-δ-(NG,NG-dimethylguanidino)valeric acid: A metabolite of asymmetric dimethylarginine. Anal Biochem 2011; 419:234-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fountain KJ, Kloss A, Garibyan I, Blitshteyn B, Brezzani A, Kyostio-Moore S, Zuk A, Sacchiero R, Cohen AS. Analysis of creatinine in mouse and rat serum by ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography for in vivo studies of renal function. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 846:245-51. [PMID: 17011839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for determining creatinine levels in both mouse and rat serum samples. Separation of creatinine from other serum components was achieved in 10 min using a 100 x 4.1-mm, 10 microm strong cation exchange column following acetonitrile precipitation of serum proteins. Incorporation of a guard cartridge placed in-line prior to the analytical column was employed to prevent interference from compounds used in renal disease animal trials. Creatinine levels in normal and diseased animals were accurately determined in the 0.01-10 mg/dL range, and average recovery of the method was approximately 85% for both mouse and rat serum. Addition of 0.5-1.0% acetic acid to the acetonitrile used for protein precipitation significantly improved creatinine recovery to above 97% in mouse serum. The method was used for routine preclinical diagnosis of rat and mouse model renal function, and for the evaluation of renal disease treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Fountain
- Analytical Research and Development, Drug and Biomaterial Research and Development, Genzyme Corporation, 153 2nd Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
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Wölkart G, Stessel H, Saad Z, Kirchengast M, Brunner F. Cardioprotective effects of atrasentan, an endothelin-A receptor antagonist, but not of nitric oxide in diabetic mice with myocyte-specific overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 148:671-81. [PMID: 16702986 PMCID: PMC1751871 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. We investigated the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in organ dysfunction in diabetic mice with normal genotype (wild-type, WT) or myocyte-specific overexpression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) (transgenic, TG) after chronic oral treatment with the endothelin-A (ETA) receptor antagonist atrasentan. 2. Mice were rendered diabetic by injection of 200 mg kg-1 streptozotocin (STZ). Experimental groups were: untreated WT diabetic (n=9), untreated TG diabetic (n=9), atrasentan-treated WT diabetic (n=9), atrasentan-treated TG diabetic (n=8) and the four corresponding nondiabetic groups (n=5). Atrasentan was administered orally via drinking water at 3 mg kg-1 per day over 28 days. All diabetic mice developed similar hyperglycaemia (27-30 mmol l-1). 3. Atrasentan treatment significantly improved left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in response to exogenous norepinephrine, but there were no differences between genotypes. 4. Atrasentan antagonized the diabetic impairments in endothelium-dependent coronary relaxation and thromboxane-receptor mediated aortic constriction. Further, it improved cardiac and renal oxidant status as evident from reduced tissue malondialdehyde levels. 5. Atrasentan reduced diabetic urine flow, proteinuria and plasma creatinine levels, but creatinine clearance was not significantly altered. 6. These results suggest that in experimental type 1 diabetes, blocking ETA receptors ameliorates myocardial, coronary and renal function and improves tissue oxidant status, whereas raising myocardial NO levels has neither beneficial nor deleterious effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy in this transgenic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Wölkart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Heike Stessel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Zora Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Michael Kirchengast
- PRA International, Dynamostrasse 13-15, Mannheim D-681161 Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Mannheim Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Friedrich Brunner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, Graz 8010, Austria
- Author for correspondence:
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Yokoyama Y, Tsuji S, Sato H. Simultaneous determination of creatinine, creatine, and UV-absorbing amino acids using dual-mode gradient low-capacity cation-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1085:110-6. [PMID: 16106856 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple and versatile cation-exchange chromatography technique for the simultaneous determination of urinary creatinine (Cre), creatine (Crn), methionine (Met), tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe), histidine (His), and tryptophan (Trp) was developed. A novel low-capacity cation-exchange column packed with a newly developed sulfoacylated hypercross-linked macroreticular polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin, referred to as TMR-A/75 (capacity: 75 microequiv/column), was successfully used with a binary dual-mode gradient eluting system. Two solvents, (A) 25 mM phosphoric acid-methanol (30:70, v/v) and (B) 25 mM disodium hydrogenphosphate-methanol (30:70, v/v) were pumped through the column by programming solvent delivery ratios as 0 to 5 min: A-B (55:45, pH 3.6); 5-21 min: A-B (49:51, pH 5.3); and 21-35 min: A-B (55:45, pH 3.6). The flow rate was simultaneously time-programmed to be 0.6 mL/min from 0 to 19 min and to be 1.0 mL/min from 19 to 35 min. This eluting system could permit the use of the UV detection at 210 nm. The analytes, Crn, Met, Tyr, His, Cre, Phe, and Trp, were well separated in this order in 27 min with minimum resolution of approximately 2, and the cycle time was about 35 min. Retention time of each analyte was very reproducible with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.05 and 0.38% (n = 5). The peak area responses were also reproducible with RSDs between 0.74 and 2.24% (n = 5). Calibration lines based on area data were linear from 1 to 1000 microM with r2 values of 0.9998 (Crn), 0.9998 (Met), 0.9999 (Tyr), 0.9999 (His), 1.0000 (Cre), 1.0000 (Phe), and 0.9999 (Trp). The method was applicable to the screening and/or chemical diagnosis of inherited metabolic disorders such as phenylketonuria (PKU), tyrosinemia, and Lowe syndrome. The creatinine ratios of diagnostic markers (microM/microM Cre) were easily determined. The Phe/Cre ratios for five urines from patients with PKU ranged from 0.162 to 0.521, and the Tyr/Cre ratio for tyrosinemia was 0.147. The ratios of Tyr/Cre, Phe/Cre, and Trp/Cre for Lowe syndrome were 0.497, 0.321, and 0.495, respectively. In contrast, the creatinine ratios for healthy newborns showed one digit lower than those for patients did. The developed method is very practical and can provide useful information and results for the clinical or biomedical researches with low analytical run costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Yokoyama
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
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Rodríguez Flores J, Berzas Nevado JJ, Durán Merás I, Rodríguez Gómez MJ. Capillary electrophoretic determination of triamterene, methotrexate, and creatinine in human urine. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:658-64. [PMID: 15912736 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200400059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method using a fused-silica capillary (60.2 cm x 75 microm ID) was investigated for the determination of triamterene (TRI), methotrexate (MTX), and creatinine (CREA) in human urine. The separation was performed using a hydrodynamic injection time of 7 s (0.5 psi), a voltage of 25 kV, a capillary temperature of 30 degrees C, and 40 mM phosphoric acid adjusted to pH 2.25 by addition of triethanolamine as separation electrolyte. Under these conditions, analysis takes about 15 min. A linear response over the 0.5-15.0 mg L(-1) concentration range was found for TRI and MTX, and 0.5-80.0 mg L(-1) for CREA. Dilution of the sample (water:urine, 1:1 for TRI and MTX, and 1:25 for CREA determination) was the only step necessary prior to analysis by electrophoresis. The developed method is easy, rapid, and sensitive and has been applied to determine triamterene,methotrexate, and creatinine in urine samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Rodríguez Flores
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Foods Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Fluorimetric determination of d-lactate in urine of normal and diabetic rats by column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yokoyama Y, Yamasaki K, Sato H. Simultaneous determination of urinary creatinine and UV-absorbing amino acids using a novel low-capacity cation-exchange chromatography for the screening of inborn errors of metabolism. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 816:333-8. [PMID: 15664367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2004] [Accepted: 11/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple and versatile low-capacity cation-exchange chromatography system for the simultaneous determination of creatinine and UV-absorbing amino acids was developed. The separation column was packed with a newly developed low-capacity sulfoacylated macro-porous polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin selective for amino-acid cations. Urinary creatinine, creatine, tyrosine, histidine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan were simultaneously separated and determined by an isocratic elution with phosphate/acetonitrile eluent in 25 min. Relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) of the retention times for the analytes were between 0.28 and 1.06%. R.S.D. of peak area responses for the analytes were between 0.75 and 3.51%. The r(2) values for the calibration lines were between 0.9994 and 0.9999. The method could provide the creatinine ratios for the analytes, and was applicable to the screening and/or chemical diagnosis of several inherited disorders of amino-acid metabolism such as phenylketonuria (PKU).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Yokoyama
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
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Hewavitharana AK, Bruce HL. Simultaneous liquid chromatographic determination of creatinine and pseudouridine in bovine urine and the effect of sample pH on the analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:4861-4865. [PMID: 12903936 DOI: 10.1021/jf030095z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, reliable method for the simultaneous determination of creatinine and pseudouridine is described. Both analytes were detected at an optimum wavelength of detection (262 nm), considering the relative levels present in bovine urine. Cimetidine was used as the internal standard and detected at its maximum wavelength of absorption (220 nm) on a separate channel. All three compounds were eluted within 15 min, using a 10 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 6.8)-methanol gradient on a C18 column. Creatinine data were found to be significantly dependent upon the pH of the sample. Recoveries of both analytes were above 96%. Lowest detectable levels of creatinine and pseudouridine were 0.28 nmol and 9.0 pmol, respectively. The use of internal standard resulted in a method with high precision (standard deviation of 1.42 mmol/L and 0.027 mmol/L for creatinine and pseudouridine), yet one that was simple and rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitha K Hewavitharana
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cattle and Beef Quality, CSIRO Food Science Australia, Cannon Hill, Queensland 4170, Australia.
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Smith-Palmer T. Separation methods applicable to urinary creatine and creatinine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 781:93-106. [PMID: 12450655 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Urinary creatinine has been analyzed for many years as an indicator of glomerular filtration rate. More recently, interest in studying the uptake of creatine as a result of creatine supplementation, a practice increasingly common among bodybuilders and athletes, has lead to a need to measure urinary creatine concentrations. Creatine levels are of the same order of magnitude as creatinine levels when subjects have recently ingested creatine, while somewhat elevated urinary creatine concentrations in non-supplementing subjects can be an indication of a degenerative disease of the muscle. Urinary creatine and creatinine can be analyzed by HPLC using a variety of columns. Detection methods include absorption, fluorescence after post-column derivatization, and mass spectrometry, and some methods have been automated. Capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography have also been used to analyze urinary creatine and creatinine. Creatine and creatinine have also been analyzed in serum and tissue using HPLC and CE, and many of these separations could also be applicable to urinary analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truis Smith-Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada B2G 2W5.
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