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Kim J, Daadi EW, Oh T, Daadi ES, Daadi MM. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Phenotyping and Preclinical Modeling of Familial Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1937. [PMID: 36360174 PMCID: PMC9689743 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily idiopathic and a highly heterogenous neurodegenerative disease with patients experiencing a wide array of motor and non-motor symptoms. A major challenge for understanding susceptibility to PD is to determine the genetic and environmental factors that influence the mechanisms underlying the variations in disease-associated traits. The pathological hallmark of PD is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the brain and post-mortem Lewy pathology, which leads to the loss of projecting axons innervating the striatum and to impaired motor and cognitive functions. While the cause of PD is still largely unknown, genome-wide association studies provide evidence that numerous polymorphic variants in various genes contribute to sporadic PD, and 10 to 15% of all cases are linked to some form of hereditary mutations, either autosomal dominant or recessive. Among the most common mutations observed in PD patients are in the genes LRRK2, SNCA, GBA1, PINK1, PRKN, and PARK7/DJ-1. In this review, we cover these PD-related mutations, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells as a disease in a dish model, and genetic animal models to better understand the diversity in the pathogenesis and long-term outcomes seen in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Kim
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Cell Systems and Anatomy, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Etienne W. Daadi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Thomas Oh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Elyas S. Daadi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Marcel M. Daadi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Cell Systems and Anatomy, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Radiology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Parkin Pleiotropy: Extremely Atypical Phenotypes in Patients With Compound Heterozygous Mutations. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2020; 10:26. [PMID: 32864185 PMCID: PMC7427657 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkin mutations are suspected in early-onset Parkinson’s disease with early motor complications, and in pedigrees showing an autosomal recessive pattern. Some compound heterozygous mutations can present with various uncommon phenotypes. Case Report: Two siblings with the same mutations, one with atypical postural and action tremor, and the other with an axonal motor autonomic neuropathy. A woman with a 45-year history of slowly progressive parkinsonism with no motor complications. Discussion: Due to the variability of phenotypes of Parkin mutations, testing should also be warranted in patients with atypical tremor syndromes or axonal polyneuropathy when more common causes have been ruled out. Highlights: We report three patients with extremely atypical parkin mutation phenotypes: an atypical tremor syndrome, an axonal motor autonomic neuropathy, and a remarkably slowly progressive parkinsonism. This shows that parkin mutations may present with a highly variable phenotype, and should be considered in patients with such manifestations.
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Illés A, Csabán D, Grosz Z, Balicza P, Gézsi A, Molnár V, Bencsik R, Gál A, Klivényi P, Molnar MJ. The Role of Genetic Testing in the Clinical Practice and Research of Early-Onset Parkinsonian Disorders in a Hungarian Cohort: Increasing Challenge in Genetic Counselling, Improving Chances in Stratification for Clinical Trials. Front Genet 2019; 10:1061. [PMID: 31737044 PMCID: PMC6837163 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic analysis of early-onset Parkinsonian disorder (EOPD) is part of the clinical diagnostics. Several genes have been implicated in the genetic background of Parkinsonism, which is clinically indistinguishable from idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The identification of patient's genotype could support clinical decision-making process and also track and analyse outcomes in a comprehensive fashion. The aim of our study was to analyse the genetic background of EOPD in a Hungarian cohort and to evaluate the clinical usefulness of different genetic investigations. The age of onset was between 25 and 50 years. To identify genetic alterations, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (n = 142), Sanger sequencing of the most common PD-associated genes (n = 142), and next-generation sequencing (n = 54) of 127 genes which were previously associated to neurodegenerative disorders were carried out. The genetic analysis identified several heterozygous damaging substitutions in PD-associated genes (C19orf12, DNAJC6, DNAJC13, EIF4G1, LRRK2, PRKN, PINK1, PLA2G6, SYNJ1). CNVs in PRKN and SNCA genes were found in five patients. In our cohort, nine previously published genetic risk factors were detected in three genes (GBA, LRRK2, and PINK1). In nine cases, two or three coexisting pathogenic mutations and risk variants were identified. Advances of sequencing technologies make it possible to aid diagnostics of PD by widening the scope of analysis to genes which were previously linked to other neurodegenerative disorders. Our data suggested that rare damaging variants are enriched versus neutral variants, among PD patients in the Hungarian population, which raise the possibility of an oligogenic effect. Heterozygous mutations of multiple recessive genes involved in the same pathway may perturb the molecular process linked to PD pathogenesis. Comprehensive genetic assessment of individual patients can rarely reveal monogenic cause in EOPD, although it may identify the involvement of multiple PD-associated genes in the background of the disease and may facilitate the better understanding of clinically distinct phenocopies. Due to the genetic complexity of the disease, genetic counselling and management is getting more challenging. Clinical geneticist should be prepared for counselling of patients with coexisting disease-causing mutations and susceptibility factors. At the same time, genomic-based stratification has increasing importance in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Illés
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Csabán
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Grosz
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Balicza
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Gézsi
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Molnár
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renáta Bencsik
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Gál
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maria Judit Molnar
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Kasten M, Marras C, Klein C. Nonmotor Signs in Genetic Forms of Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 133:129-178. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Brain Connectivity Changes in Autosomal Recessive Parkinson Disease: A Model for the Sporadic Form. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163980. [PMID: 27788143 PMCID: PMC5082970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biallelic genetic mutations in the Park2 and PINK1 genes are frequent causes of autosomal recessive PD. Carriers of single heterozygous mutations may manifest subtle signs of disease, thus providing a unique model of preclinical PD. One emerging hypothesis suggests that non-motor symptom of PD, such as cognitive impairment may be due to a distributed functional disruption of various neuronal circuits. Using resting-state functional MRI (RS-fMRI), we tested the hypothesis that abnormal connectivity within and between brain networks may account for the patients' cognitive status. Eight homozygous and 12 heterozygous carriers of either PINK1 or Park2 mutation and 22 healthy controls underwent RS-fMRI and cognitive assessment. RS-fMRI data underwent independent component analysis to identify five networks of interest: default-mode network, salience network, executive network, right and left fronto-parietal networks. Functional connectivity within and between each network was assessed and compared between groups. All mutation carriers were cognitively impaired, with the homozygous group reporting a more prominent impairment in visuo-spatial working memory. Changes in functional connectivity were evident within all networks between homozygous carriers and controls. Also heterozygotes reported areas of reduced connectivity when compared to controls within two networks. Additionally, increased inter-network connectivity was observed in both groups of mutation carriers, which correlated with their spatial working memory performance, and could thus be interpreted as compensatory. We conclude that both homozygous and heterozygous carriers exhibit pathophysiological changes unveiled by RS-fMRI, which can account for the presence/severity of cognitive symptoms.
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Oczkowska A, Florczak-Wyspianska J, Permoda-Osip A, Owecki M, Lianeri M, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. Analysis of PRKN Variants and Clinical Features in Polish Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Curr Genomics 2016; 16:215-23. [PMID: 27006626 PMCID: PMC4765516 DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666150326002549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still unclear, but mutations in PRKN have provided some biological insights. The role of PRKN mutations and other genetic variation in determining the clinical features of PD remains unresolved. The aim of the study was to analyze PRKN mutations in PD and controls in the Polish population and to try to correlate between the presence of genetic variants and clinical features. We screened for PRKN mutations in 90 PD patients and 113 controls and evaluated clinical features in these patients. We showed that in the Polish population 4% of PD patients had PRKN mutations (single or with additional polymorphism) while single heterozygous polymorphisms (S167N, E310D, D394N) of PRKN were present in 21% of sporadic PD. Moreover, 5% PD patients had more than one PRKN change (polymorphisms and mutations). Detected PRKN variants moderately correlated with PD course and response to L-dopa. It also showed that other PARK genes (SNCA, HTRA2, SPR) mutations probably may additionally influence PD risk and clinical features. PRKN variants are relatively common in our Polish series of patients with PD. Analysis of the PRKN gene may be useful in determining clinical phenotype, and helping with diagnostic and prognostic procedures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oczkowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St. 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Michal Owecki
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Margarita Lianeri
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St. 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St. 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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Anderson-Mooney AJ, Guller L, Combs HL, Dunham KJ. Neurocognitive & neuropsychiatric phenotypes of PARK2-associated early-onset Parkinson’s disease in two siblings. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2016; 142:137-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Oczkowska A, Kozubski W, Lianeri M, Dorszewska J. Mutations in PRKN and SNCA Genes Important for the Progress of Parkinson's Disease. Curr Genomics 2014; 14:502-17. [PMID: 24532983 PMCID: PMC3924246 DOI: 10.2174/1389202914666131210205839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Parkinson’s disease (PD) was first described almost 200 years ago, it remains an incurable disease
with a cause that is not fully understood. Nowadays it is known that disturbances in the structure of pathological proteins
in PD can be caused by more than environmental and genetic factors. Despite numerous debates and controversies in the
literature about the role of mutations in the SNCA and PRKN genes in the pathogenesis of PD, it is evident that these
genes play a key role in maintaining dopamine (DA) neuronal homeostasis and that the dysfunction of this homeostasis is
relevant to both familial (FPD) and sporadic (SPD) PD with different onset. In recent years, the importance of alphasynuclein
(ASN) in the process of neurodegeneration and neuroprotective function of the Parkin is becoming better understood.
Moreover, there have been an increasing number of recent reports indicating the importance of the interaction between
these proteins and their encoding genes. Among others interactions, it is suggested that even heterozygous substitution
in the PRKN gene in the presence of the variants +2/+2 or +2/+3 of NACP-Rep1 in the SNCA promoter, may increase
the risk of PD manifestation, which is probably due to ineffective elimination of over-expressed ASN by the mutated
Parkin protein. Finally, it seems that genetic testing may be an important part of diagnostics in patients with PD and may
improve the prognostic process in the course of PD. However, only full knowledge of the mechanism of the interaction
between the genes associated with the pathogenesis of PD is likely to help explain the currently unknown pathways of selective
damage to dopaminergic neurons in the course of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oczkowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Margarita Lianeri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Alcalay RN, Caccappolo E, Mejia-Santana H, Tang MX, Rosado L, Orbe Reilly M, Ruiz D, Louis ED, Comella CL, Nance MA, Bressman SB, Scott WK, Tanner CM, Mickel SF, Waters CH, Fahn S, Cote LJ, Frucht SJ, Ford B, Rezak M, Novak KE, Friedman JH, Pfeiffer RF, Marsh L, Hiner B, Payami H, Molho E, Factor SA, Nutt JG, Serrano C, Arroyo M, Ottman R, Pauciulo MW, Nichols WC, Clark LN, Marder KS. Cognitive and motor function in long-duration PARKIN-associated Parkinson disease. JAMA Neurol 2014; 71:62-7. [PMID: 24190026 PMCID: PMC3947132 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Data on the long-term cognitive outcomes of patients with PARKIN-associated Parkinson disease (PD) are unknown but may be useful when counseling these patients. OBJECTIVE Among patients with early-onset PD of long duration, we assessed cognitive and motor performances, comparing homozygotes and compound heterozygotes who carry 2 PARKIN mutations with noncarriers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study of 44 participants at 17 different movement disorder centers who were in the Consortium on Risk for Early-Onset PD study with a duration of PD greater than the median duration (>14 years): 4 homozygotes and 17 compound heterozygotes (hereafter referred to as carriers) and 23 noncarriers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS-III) and Clinical Dementia Rating scores and neuropsychological performance. Linear regression models were applied to assess the association between PARKIN mutation status and cognitive domain scores and UPDRS-III scores. Models were adjusted for age, education, disease duration, language, and levodopa equivalent daily dose. RESULTS Carriers had an earlier age at onset of PD (P < .001) and were younger (P = .004) at time of examination than noncarriers. They performed better than noncarriers on the Mini-Mental State Examination (P = .010) and were more likely to receive lower scores on the Clinical Dementia Rating (P = .003). In multivariate analyses, carriers performed better than noncarriers on the UPDRS-III (P = .02) and on tests of attention (P = .03), memory (P = .03), and visuospatial (P = .02) cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In cross-sectional analyses, carriers demonstrated better cognitive and motor performance than did noncarriers with long disease duration, suggesting slower disease progression. A longitudinal follow-up study is required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York2Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Elise Caccappolo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Helen Mejia-Santana
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ming Xin Tang
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York2Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Llency Rosado
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Martha Orbe Reilly
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Diana Ruiz
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York2Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York3Gertru
| | - Cynthia L Comella
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Martha A Nance
- Struthers Parkinson's Center, Park Nicollet Clinic, Golden Valley, Minnesota
| | - Susan B Bressman
- The Alan and Barbara Mirken Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York8Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - William K Scott
- Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, Miami Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- Parkinson's Institute, Sunnyvale, and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Susan F Mickel
- Marshfield Clinic, Department of Neurology, Marshfield, Wisconsin
| | - Cheryl H Waters
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Stanley Fahn
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Lucien J Cote
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York3Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Steven J Frucht
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Blair Ford
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Michael Rezak
- Central DuPage Hospital, Neurosciences Institute, Movement Disorders Center, Winfield, Illinois
| | - Kevin E Novak
- Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois14Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph H Friedman
- Department of Neurology, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island16Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ronald F Pfeiffer
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Laura Marsh
- Morris K. Udall Parkinson's Disease Research Center of Excellence and Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bradley Hiner
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Haydeh Payami
- New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York
| | - Eric Molho
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York
| | | | - John G Nutt
- Portland VA Medical Center, Parkinson Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, and Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - Carmen Serrano
- Department of Neurology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan
| | - Maritza Arroyo
- Department of Neurology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan
| | - Ruth Ottman
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York3Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York4Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of P
| | - Michael W Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio
| | - William C Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio
| | - Lorraine N Clark
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York27Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New Yor
| | - Karen S Marder
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York2Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York3Gertru
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Crosiers D, Theuns J, Cras P, Van Broeckhoven C. Parkinson disease: Insights in clinical, genetic and pathological features of monogenic disease subtypes. J Chem Neuroanat 2011; 42:131-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Marder K. Cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2010; 25 Suppl 1:S110-6. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.22787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Burns MP, Zhang L, Rebeck GW, Querfurth HW, Moussa CEH. Parkin promotes intracellular Abeta1-42 clearance. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:3206-16. [PMID: 19483198 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are common neurodegenerative diseases that may share some underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis. Abeta(1-42) fragments are found intracellularly, and extracellularly as amyloid plaques, in Alzheimer's disease and in dementia with Lewy Bodies. Parkin is an E3-ubiquitin ligase involved in proteasomal degradation of intracellular proteins. Mutations in parkin, which result in loss of parkin function, lead to early onset Parkinsonism. Here we tested whether the ubiquitin ligase activity of parkin could lead to reduction in intracellular human Abeta(1-42). Lentiviral constructs encoding either human parkin or human Abeta(1-42) were used to infect M17 neuroblastoma cells. Parkin expression resulted in reduction of intracellular human Abeta(1-42) levels and protected against its toxicity in M17 cells. Co-injection of lentiviral constructs into control rat primary motor cortex demonstrated that parkin co-expression reduced human Abeta(1-42) levels and Abeta(1-42)-induced neuronal degeneration in vivo. Parkin increased proteasomal activity, and proteasomal inhibition blocked the effects of parkin on reducing Abeta(1-42) levels. Incubation of Abeta(1-42) cell lysates with ubiquitin, in the presence of parkin, demonstrated the generation of Abeta-ubiquitin complexes. These data indicate that parkin promotes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of intracellular Abeta(1-42) and demonstrate a protective effect in neurodegenerative diseases with Abeta deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Burns
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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13
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Zhou ZD, Lim TM. Dopamine (DA) induced irreversible proteasome inhibition via DA derived quinones. Free Radic Res 2009; 43:417-30. [PMID: 19291591 DOI: 10.1080/10715760902801533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrated that DA and its oxidative metabolites: H2O2 and aminochrome (AM), cyclized DA quinones, could all directly inhibit proteasome activity. DA and AM, especially AM, could induce intensive and irreversible proteasome inhibition, whereas proteasome inhibition induced by H2O2 was weaker and GSH reversible. It was concluded that DA induced irreversible proteasome inhibition via DA-derived quinones, rather than through small molecular weight ROS. The AM was also more toxic than H2O2 to dopaminergic MN9D cells. Furthermore the cytotoxicity and proteasome inhibition induced by DA, AM and H2O2 could be abrogated by GSH, ascorbic acid (AA), Vitamin E, SOD (superoxidase dismutase) or CAT (catalase) with different profiles. Only GSH was potent to abrogate DA, AM or H2O2-induced cell toxicity and proteasome inhibition, as well as to reverse H2O2-induced proteosome inhibition. Therefore, therapeutic strategies to increase GSH level or to use GSH substitutes should function to control PD onset and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dong Zhou
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
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14
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Maguire-Zeiss KA. alpha-Synuclein: a therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease? Pharmacol Res 2008; 58:271-80. [PMID: 18840530 PMCID: PMC2630208 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease with invariant loss of substantia nigra dopamine neurons and striatal projections. This disorder is well known for the associated motoric symptoms including resting tremor and the inability to initiate movement. However, it is now apparent that Parkinson's disease is a multisystem disorder with patients exhibiting symptoms derived from peripheral nervous system and extra-nigral dysfunctions in addition to the prototypical nigrostriatal damage. Although the etiology for sporadic Parkinson's disease is unknown, information gleaned from both familial forms of the disease and animal models places misfolded alpha-synuclein at the forefront. The disease is currently without a cure and most therapies target the motoric symptoms relying on increasing dopamine tone. In this review, the role of alpha-synuclein in disease pathogenesis and as a potential therapeutic target focusing on toxic conformers of this protein is considered. The addition of protofibrillar/oligomer-directed neurotherapeutics to the existing armamentarium may extend the symptom-free stage of Parkinson's disease as well as alleviate pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Maguire-Zeiss
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20057, United States.
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Kobayashi Z, Miake H, Fujigasaki H. Brain perfusion abnormalities in a sibship with parkin-linked parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2008; 14:581-3. [PMID: 18331811 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 12/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated brain perfusion abnormalities in a sibship with parkin-linked parkinsonism. The sibship consisted of a 64-year-old man and a 62-year-old woman. Both patients had homozygous deletions of exon 4 in the parkin gene. Hypoperfusion in the superior and middle frontal gyrus, and head of caudate nucleus was seen by SPECT with easy Z score imaging system in both patients. These findings may reflect their executive dysfunction demonstrated by neuropsychological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, 1-26-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8610, Japan
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Zhu XR, Maskri L, Herold C, Bader V, Stichel CC, Güntürkün O, Lübbert H. Non-motor behavioural impairments in parkin-deficient mice. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 26:1902-11. [PMID: 17883413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the parkin gene are the major cause of early-onset familial Parkinson's disease (PD). We previously reported the generation and analysis of a knockout mouse carrying a deletion of exon 3 in the parkin gene. F1 hybrid pa+/- mice were backcrossed to wild-type C57Bl/6 for three more generations to establish a pa-/-(F4) mouse line. The appearance of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons was normal in young and aged pa-/- (F4) animals. Loss of parkin function in mice did not enhance vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) toxicity. However, the pa-/- (F4) mice displayed impaired exploration and habituation to a new environment and exhibited thigmotaxis behaviour in the open field and Morris water maze. Abnormal anxiety-related behaviour of pa-/- (F4) mice was also observed in the light/dark exploration test paradigm. Dopamine metabolism was enhanced in the striatum of pa-/- (F4) mice, as revealed by increased homovanillic acid (HVA) content and a reduced ratio of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)/HVA. The alterations found in the dopaminergic system could be responsible for the behavioural impairments of pa-/- (F4) mice. Consistent with a recent observation of cognitive dysfunction in parkin-linked patients with PD, our findings provide evidence of a physiological role of parkin in non-motor behaviour, possibly representing a disease stage that precedes dopaminergic neuron loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ran Zhu
- Department of Animal Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
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Abstract
Advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequently associated with dementia. The pathogenesis of this dementia is complex, related to deficiency of several biogenic amines and cortical Lewy body deposition, as well as co-existent age-related brain changes, both of the Alzheimer type and vascular. However, degeneration of the cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert may have an important contribution to the cognitive decline. The dementia of PD has a grave effect on the quality of life of the patients and their caregivers, as well as a negative effect on their survival. The treatment of dementia associated with PD with cholinesterase inhibitors produced gratifying (although limited) results. Future studies should define the exact role of these agents in the treatment of the dementia of PD. Another major problem presented by demented PD patients is the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations, which make the life of patients and caregivers miserable. Classical neuroleptics are of course contra-indicated in these patients but recent data increase concern about the safety of novel derivatives, leaving a void in the pharmacological armamentarium available when these manifestations appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos D Korczyn
- Sieratzki Chair of Neurology, Tel-Aviv University Medical School, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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19
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Maguire-Zeiss KA, Federoff HJ. Novel gene therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. ERNST SCHERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WORKSHOP 2006:147-71. [PMID: 16315613 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-27626-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The convergent pathobiologic model of Parkinson's disease stipulates that disparate insults initiate a disease process that obligately share a common pathway leading to cell death. A combinatorial treatment which targets various steps in this pathway is likely to be the most successful therapeutic strategy. As advances are made in the field of neuroimaging and pharmacogenomics, early detection of sporadic PD will become a reality. Early intervention will likely spare more dopaminergic neurons and extend the quality of life for the patient. Continued advancements in the fields of pharmacology, neurosurgery, and gene therapy will strengthen the armamentarium available for the treatment of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Maguire-Zeiss
- Center for Aging and Developmental Biology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY 14642, USA.
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Mizuno Y, Hattori N, Yoshino H, Hatano Y, Satoh K, Tomiyama H, Li Y. Progress in familial Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION. SUPPLEMENTUM 2006:191-204. [PMID: 17017529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-45295-0_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To date 11 forms of familial Parkinson's disease (PD) have been mapped to different chromosome loci, of which 6 genes have been identified as the causative genes, i.e., alpha-synuclein (SNCA), parkin, UCH-L1, PINK1, DJ-1, and LRRK2. For UCH-L1, additional families with this mutation are necessary before concluding that UCH-L1 is the definite causative gene for PARK5, as only one family so far has been reported. SNCA, UCH-L1, and LRRK2 mutations cause autosomal dominant PD and the remaining gene mutations autosomal recessive PD. Age of onset tends to be younger in familial PD compared with sporadic PD, particularly so in autosomal recessive PD. Generally familial cases respond to levodopa quite nicely and progression of the disease tends to be slower. It is an interesting question how familial PD-causing proteins are mutually related each other. In this article, we review recent progress in genetics and molecular biology of familial PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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