1
|
Alkandari AF, Madhyastha S, Rao MS. N-Acetylcysteine Amide against Aβ-Induced Alzheimer's-like Pathology in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12733. [PMID: 37628913 PMCID: PMC10454451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress with a depletion of glutathione is a key factor in the initiation and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutathione precursor, provides neuroprotective effects in AD animal models. Its amide form, N-Acetylcysteine amide (NACA), has an extended bioavailability compared to NAC. This study evaluates the neuroprotective effects of NACA against Aβ1-42 peptide-induced AD-like pathology in rats. Male Wistar rats (2.5 months old) were divided into five groups: Normal Control (NC), Sham (SH), Aβ, Aβ + NACA and NACA + Aβ + NACA (n = 8 in all groups). AD-like pathology was induced by the intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ1-42 peptide into the lateral ventricle. NACA (75 mg/kg) was administered either as a restorative (i.e., injection of NACA for 7 consecutive days after inducing AD-like pathology (Aβ + N group)), or as prophylactic (for 7 days before and 7 days after inducing the pathology (N + Aβ + N group)). Learning and memory, neurogenesis, expression of AD pathology markers, antioxidant parameters, neuroprotection, astrogliosis and microgliosis were studied in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. All data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA test followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. NACA treatment reversed the cognitive deficits and reduced oxidative stress in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Western blot analysis for Tau, Synaptophysin and Aβ, as well as a histopathological evaluation through immunostaining for neurogenesis, the expression of neurofibrillary tangles, β-amyloid peptide, synaptophysin, neuronal morphology and gliosis, showed a neuroprotective effect of NACA. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the neuroprotective effects of NACA against β-amyloid induced AD-like pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sampath Madhyastha
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait; (A.F.A.); (M.S.R.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lolak N, Akocak S, Durgun M, Duran HE, Necip A, Türkeş C, Işık M, Beydemir Ş. Novel bis-ureido-substituted sulfaguanidines and sulfisoxazoles as carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Mol Divers 2023; 27:1735-1749. [PMID: 36136229 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
To discover alternative substances to compounds used to treat many diseases, especially treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease targeting carbonic anhydrase (hCA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes, is important. For this purpose, a series of novel bis-ureido-substituted sulfaguanidine (SG1-4) and sulfisoxazole (SO1-4) derivatives were synthesized, and their inhibitory capacities were screened against hCA isoenzymes (hCA I and II) and AChE. Possible binding mechanisms of inhibitors to the active site were elucidated by in silico studies, and the results were supported by in vitro results. Moreover, the percent radical scavenging capacities of the derivatives were also evaluated. The derivatives (SG1-4 and SO1-4) were more effective against hCAs compared to standard drug acetazolamide (KI values of 98.28-439.17 nM for hCA I and II, respectively) and exhibited the highest inhibition with the KIs in the ranges of 2.54 ± 0.50-41.02 ± 7.52 nM for hCA I, 11.20 ± 2.97-67.14 ± 13.58 nM for hCA II, and 257.60 ± 27.84-442.60 ± 52.13 nM for AChE. Also, compounds SG1 and SO1 also showed ABTS radical scavenging activity at the rate of 70% and 78%, respectively. These results will contribute to the literature for the rational design and synthesis of new potent and selective inhibitors targeting hCAs and AChE with multifunctional effects such as radical scavenging as well as inhibition. This study focused on the synthesis and inhibitory effects of bis-ureido-substituted sulfaguanidine (SG1-4) and sulfisoxazole (SO1-4) derivatives against human hCA I and II isoforms and AChE. In order to test synthesized derivatives' free radical scavenging potentials were the DPPH and ABTS assays. In silico studies elucidated possible binding mechanisms of inhibitors to the active site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nebih Lolak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, 02040, Adiyaman, Turkey.
| | - Süleyman Akocak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, 02040, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Durgun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harran University, 63290, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Hatice Esra Duran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey
| | - Adem Necip
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Harran University, 63300, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24002, Erzincan, Turkey.
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
- The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar P, Mathew S, Gamage R, Bodkin F, Doyle K, Rossetti I, Wagnon I, Zhou X, Raju R, Gyengesi E, Münch G. From the Bush to the Brain: Preclinical Stages of Ethnobotanical Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Drug Discovery-An Australian Example. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11086. [PMID: 37446262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Australian rainforest is a rich source of medicinal plants that have evolved in the face of dramatic environmental challenges over a million years due to its prolonged geographical isolation from other continents. The rainforest consists of an inherent richness of plant secondary metabolites that are the most intense in the rainforest. The search for more potent and more bioavailable compounds from other plant sources is ongoing, and our short review will outline the pathways from the discovery of bioactive plants to the structural identification of active compounds, testing for potency, and then neuroprotection in a triculture system, and finally, the validation in an appropriate neuro-inflammatory mouse model, using some examples from our current research. We will focus on neuroinflammation as a potential treatment target for neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) for these plant-derived, anti-inflammatory molecules and highlight cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs) as a better alternative to conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat neuroinflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payaal Kumar
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Shintu Mathew
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Rashmi Gamage
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Frances Bodkin
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Kerrie Doyle
- Indigenous Health Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Ilaria Rossetti
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Ingrid Wagnon
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ritesh Raju
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song W, Xu Z, Gao P, Liu X. Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activity of Essential Oils from Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) Ohashi. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062734. [PMID: 36985706 PMCID: PMC10055730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the chemical compositions of essential oils (EOs) from Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) Ohashi and evaluate their antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activity under the comprehensive influence of chemical components. The essential oils were extracted from T. triquetrum (L.) Ohashi by hydrodistillation. A total of 58 organic compounds were identified by GC-FID and GC-MS analysis. The major components of T. triquetrum (L.) Ohashi EOs were identified as palmitic acid (22.46%), 1-Octen-3-ol (14.07%), Caryophyllene (7.20%), (Z)-18-Octadec-9-enolide (6.04%), and 3-Hexen-1-ol (4.55%). The antioxidant activity of the essential oils was determined by using ABTS assay, DPPH assay, and FRAP assay, with IC50 values of 2.12 ± 0.05 mg/mL, 4.73 ± 0.91 mg/mL against the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP value 117.42 ± 8.10 mM/g. The result showed that it had moderate antioxidant activities in the experiment, which why it is likely that it will be used as an antioxidant. At the same time, the EOs also showed moderate anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. This study expands the chemical and biological knowledge of the EOs of T. triquetrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Song
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Ziyue Xu
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Peizhong Gao
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gasparyan HV, Buloyan SA, Harutyunyan HA, Pogosyan AE, Arshakyan LM, Harutyunyan LS, Avetisyan ZA, Tosunyan SR, Hovhannisyan AA, Topuzyan VO. Study of neuroprotective activity of new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors TVA and TVS in experimental model of Alzheimer’s disease. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.8.87431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of synaptic connection between neurons of the cortex and subcortical regions. The cholinergic deficit is a consistent and early finding in AD, hence acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are used for symptomatic improvement of AD. Most of these therapeutic agents are hepatotoxic, leading to liver failure and other complications. Therefore, the study of new AChEIs with less toxic impact and better effectivity is a topical challenge. In view of this, we synthesized novel chemical compounds: TVA and TVS that possess AChEI activity and studied their neuroprotective effect in an experimental AD model.
Materials and methods: Studies were performed on white rats. Acute toxicity studies were performed by Karber’s method. AD was induced via bilateral intracerebroventricular administration of Aβ 25–35. Histopathological examinations were performed in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. Liver tissue was additionally examined to monitor the hepatotoxicity of these compounds.
Results: Studies of the hippocampus showed that compared to control and TVA-treated groups, under the influence of TVS there were few morphological alterations. Experimental groups showed an increase in the glial cell count, compared to the intact animals. In comparison to the AD group, the increase in microglia was not that prominent under the action of the novel compounds. Under the influence of TVA and TVS, the entorhinal cortex was more susceptible to neuronal injury, although TVS protected pyramidal neurons. Also, the group treated with TVA had signs of acute liver damage, while under the influence of TVS there were no signs of liver changes.
Discussion: Histopathological examination showed that the neurodegenerative processes in the hippocampus, as well as in the entorhinal cortex, were significantly reduced under the influence of TVS, compared with the control group. At the same time, TVA had no significant effect on the protection of neuronal cells. Also, TVS was less toxic, and there was no sign of hepatotoxicity during the experiments.
Conclusion: These studies demonstrated that TVS possesses neuroprotective activity and reduces neuronal damage induced by Aβ.
Graphical abstract:
Collapse
|
6
|
Alavi MS, Fanoudi S, Hosseini M, Sadeghnia HR. Beneficial effects of levetiracetam in streptozotocin-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:689-700. [PMID: 35098412 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly. In the light of increasing AD prevalence and lack of effective treatment, new strategies to prevent or reverse this condition are needed. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a newer antiepileptic drug that is commonly used to treat certain types of seizures. Researches indicated that LEV has several other pharmacological activities, including improvement of cognitive function. In this study, the recovery effects of chronic (28 days) administration of LEV (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, ip) on cognitive deficits caused by the intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ), as a model for sporadic AD, were evaluated in rats. We also considered the protective effects of LEV against hippocampal cell loss, oxidative damage, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, neuroinflammation, and tauopathy caused by STZ. LEV (100 and 150 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the STZ-induced learning and memory impairments in the passive avoidance and Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. In addition, LEV suppressed STZ-induced hippocampal neuronal loss, while restored alterations in the redox status (lipid peroxides and glutathione), AChE activity, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and hyperphosphorylation of tau linked to STZ administration. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that LEV alleviated hippocampal cell death and memory deficits in STZ-AD rats, through mitigating oxidative damage, suppression of proinflammatory cytokines expression, and inhibition of abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid R Sadeghnia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ledezma C, Coria-Lucero C, Castro A, Leporatti J, Perez M, Delgado S, Anzulovich AC, Navigatore-Fonzo L. Day-night oscillations of cognitive functions, TNF alpha and clock -related factors expression are modified by an intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid beta peptide in rat. Neurochem Int 2022; 154:105277. [PMID: 35007657 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by a gradual impairment in cognitive functions. Recent research have shown that TNF-α is a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. Besides cognitive deficit, AD patients show alterations in their circadian rhythms. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of an intracerebroventricular injection of Aß aggregates on temporal patterns of cognitive functions and on daily rhythms of Aβ, TNFα, BMAL1 and RORα protein levels in the rat prefrontal cortex. Four-month-old males Holtzman rats were used in this study. Groups were defined as: control and Aβ-injected rats. Rats were maintained under 12h-light:12h-dark throughout the entire experimental period. Prefrontal cortex samples were isolated every 4 h during a 24h period. Our results demonstrated that an intracerebroventricular injection of Aß aggregates impaired learning and memory in rats at ZT 2 and ZT 14 and modified daily patterns of Aβ, TNFα, and clock-related factors in the rat prefrontal cortex. Our findings showed that the increase of Aß altered temporal patterns of TNFα, and, consequently, induced alterations in daily rhythms of clock-related factors, affecting the cognitive performance of animals with Alzheimer's.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ledezma
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL), Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Cinthia Coria-Lucero
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL), Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Andrea Castro
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL), Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Jorge Leporatti
- Faculty of Economic, Legal and Social Sciences, National University of San Luis (UNSL), Campus Universitario: Ruta Prov. Nº 55 (Ex. 148) Extremo Norte, Argentina
| | - Mariela Perez
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology of Cordoba (CONICET), 5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Silvia Delgado
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL), Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ana Cecilia Anzulovich
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL), Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Lorena Navigatore-Fonzo
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL), Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Icer MA, Arslan N, Gezmen-Karadag M. Effects of vitamin E on neurodegenerative diseases: an update. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2021; 81:21-33. [PMID: 33949169 DOI: 10.21307/ane-2021-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E deficiency is associated with many neurological problems. Although the mechanisms of vitamin E action in neurodegenerative diseases are not clear, there are many possible mechanisms. Examples of such mechanisms are the protective effects of vitamin E against oxidative stress damage and its suppressive role in the expression of many genes involved in the development of neurodegeneration. Many studies have evaluated the relationship between vitamin E intake or vitamin E levels in body fluids and neurodegenerative diseases. Some studies concluded that vitamin E can play a protective role in neurodegeneration with respect to diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Vitamin E supplementation was also associated with risk factors for some neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the possible effects of vitamin E on the development and course of AD, PD, stroke and ALS, and the potential mechanisms involved. Vitamin E deficiency is associated with many neurological problems. Although the mechanisms of vitamin E action in neurodegenerative diseases are not clear, there are many possible mechanisms. Examples of such mechanisms are the protective effects of vitamin E against oxidative stress damage and its suppressive role in the expression of many genes involved in the development of neurodegeneration. Many studies have evaluated the relationship between vitamin E intake or vitamin E levels in body fluids and neurodegenerative diseases. Some studies concluded that vitamin E can play a protective role in neurodegeneration with respect to diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Vitamin E supplementation was also associated with risk factors for some neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the possible effects of vitamin E on the development and course of AD, PD, stroke and ALS, and the potential mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arif Icer
- Gazi University , Faculty of Health Sciences , Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Neslihan Arslan
- Gazi University , Faculty of Health Sciences , Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Makbule Gezmen-Karadag
- Gazi University , Faculty of Health Sciences , Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Ankara , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang YX, Xia ZH, Jiang X, Li LX, Wang HG, An D, Liu YQ. Genistein inhibits amyloid peptide 25-35-induced neuronal death by modulating estrogen receptors, choline acetyltransferase and glutamate receptors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 693:108561. [PMID: 32857999 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore genistein, the most active component of soy isoflavones, on viability, expression of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and glutamate receptor subunits in amyloid peptide 25-35-induced hippocampal neurons, providing valuable data and basic information for neuroprotective effect of genistein in Aβ25-35-induced neuronal injury. METHODS We established an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease by exposing primary hippocampal neurons of newborn rats to amyloid peptide 25-35 (20 μM) for 24 h and observing the effects of genistein (10 μM, 3 h) on viability, expression of ER subtypes, ChAT, NMDA receptor subunit NR2B and AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 in Aβ25-35-induced hippocampal neurons. RESULTS We found that amyloid peptide 25-35 exposure reduced the viability of hippocampal neurons. Meanwhile, amyloid peptide 25-35 exposure decreased the expression of ER subtypes, ChAT and GluR2, and increased the expression of NR2B. Genistein at least partially reversed the effects of amyloid peptide 25-35 in hippocampal neurons. CONCLUSION Genistein could increase the expression of ChAT as a consequence of activating estrogen receptor subtypes, modulating the expression of NR2B and GluR2, and thereby ameliorating the status of hippocampal neurons and exerting neuroprotective effects against amyloid peptide 25-35. Our data suggest that genistein might represent a potential cell-targeted therapy which could be a promising approach to treating AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Wang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Xia
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Di An
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan-Qiang Liu
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ullah R, Ali G, Ahmad N, Akram M, Kumari G, Amin MU, Umar MN. Attenuation of Spatial Memory in 5xFAD Mice by Halting Cholinesterases, Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation Using a Cyclopentanone Derivative. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E318. [PMID: 33086500 PMCID: PMC7603158 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and chronic neurological disorder that gradually destroys memory and thinking skills. The research study was designed to investigate the underlying molecular signaling involved in the neuroprotective effects of cyclopentanone derivative i.e., 2-(hydroxyl-(3-nitrophenyl)methyl)cyclopentanone (3NCP) as a therapeutic agent for AD. In this study, In vivo studies were carried out on a well-known 5xFAD mice model using different behavioural test models such as open field, rotarod, Morris water maze (MWM), and Y-maze tests. Furthermore, in vitro cholinesterase inhibition activity assays were carried out. The frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus (HC) homogenates were tested for the levels/activities of cholinesterases, glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase. Furthermore, the hippocampal expression of inflammatory cytokines was observed via RT-PCR and western blot. The results of in vivo studies show an enhancement in the learning behavior. The 3NCP treatment reduced latency time in MWM and Y-maze tests, also increase spontaneous alternation indicate significant effect of 3NCP on memory. Furthermore, open field and rotarod studies revealed that 3NCP does not cause motor coordination deficit. The results of the in vitro studies revealed that the IC50 values of the 3NCP against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were 16.17 and 20.51 µg/mL, respectively. This decline in AChE and BChE was further supported by ex vivo studies. Further, the 3NCP mitigates the GSH level, GST, and catalase activities in HC and FC. The mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) markedly declined in RT-PCR and western blotting. The results of the current study conclusively demonstrate that 3NCP reduces oxidative stress and mitigates neuroinflammation in 5xFAD mice, implying that 3NCP may be a potential therapeutic candidate for AD treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Pakistan, Pasrur Road, Sialkot 51310, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (M.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Geeta Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (M.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Muhammad Usman Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Ring Road, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Naveed Umar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jamir K, Ganguly R, Seshagirirao K. ZCPG, a cysteine protease from Zingiber montanum rhizome exhibits enhanced anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase inhibition potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2429-2438. [PMID: 32979448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A 48 kDa Zingiber montanum cysteine protease glycoprotein (ZCPG) purified previously was studied for anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The lipoxygenase inhibition by ZCPG was linear, with an IC50 value of 2.25 μM. MTT, LDH, and cell cycle analysis in THP-1 derived macrophages corroborate no significant cytotoxicity at a lower concentration. ZCPG inhibited the production of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. In contrast, an increase in the production of interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was observed. A reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction study further confirmed that ZCPG inhibited the expression of IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and TNF-α by suppressing their mRNA transcription and expression in LPS stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, the nature of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition by ZCPG is dose-dependent, competitive, and reversible. The AChE inhibitory activity was stable in a broad range of temperatures and pH. In vitro data were further validated by molecular interaction studies with a detailed inspection of the ZCPG probable binding modes in the active sites of AChE that provides the lead to deliver the structural determinants necessary for the activity towards AChE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kizukala Jamir
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Rik Ganguly
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Kottapalli Seshagirirao
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Antifungal drug miconazole ameliorated memory deficits in a mouse model of LPS-induced memory loss through targeting iNOS. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:623. [PMID: 32796824 PMCID: PMC7429861 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is closely related to neuroinflammation, and the increase in inflammatory cytokine generation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the brain of a patient with AD is well known. Excessive cytokines can stimulate iNOS in microglia and astroglia and overproduce nitric oxide, which can be toxic to neurons. The disease–gene–drug network analysis based on the GWAS/OMIM/DEG records showed that miconazole (MCZ) affected AD through interactions with NOS. Inhibiting iNOS can reduce neuroinflammation, thus preventing AD progression. To investigate the prophylactic role of antifungal agent in the AD development, a lipopolysaccharide-induced memory disorder mouse model was used, and cognitive function was assessed by Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. MCZ treatment significantly attenuated cognitive impairment, suppressed iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and activation of astrocyte and microglial BV2 cells, as well as reduced cytokine levels in the brains and lipopolysaccharide-treated astrocytes and microglia BV2 cells. In further mechanism studies, Pull-down assay and iNOS luciferase activity data showed that MCZ binds to iNOS and inhibited transcriptional activity. Our results suggest that MCZ is useful for ameliorating the neuroinflammation-mediated AD progression by blocking iNOS expression.
Collapse
|
13
|
Alluri R, Ambati SR, Routhu K, Kopalli SR, Koppula S. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor AS605240 ameliorates streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease like sporadic dementia in experimental rats. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:71-85. [PMID: 32038117 PMCID: PMC7003642 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The quest for chemical entities able to curb the action of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase, (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways is evolving as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment and/or prevention of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, the effects of a PI3K inhibitor, AS605240 on cognitive dysfunction and antioxidative defense parameters against intra-cerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced rat model of sporadic AD was evaluated. ICV administration of a single dose of STZ (3 mg/kg) was performed to induce behavioral and biochemical changes in rats using the stereotaxic technique. Animals were administered with varying doses of AS605240 (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) orally, 1 h before ICV-STZ on day 1 and continued once daily for four weeks. The behavioral parameters (passive avoidance and Morris water maze), antioxidative defense parameters, amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein expression by Western blotting and immunostaining technique were estimated in brain tissue. AS605240 dose-dependently and significantly (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) improved ICV-STZ-induced cognitive impairment and attenuated the altered antioxidative related parameters including superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, glutathione and nitrite levels. Further, the increased Aβ protein expression levels in brain tissue were markedly restored with AS605240 treatment. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that AS605240 exhibited immense potential in attenuating STZ-induced sporadic AD features in rats and may be developed as a therapeutic agent in the treatment and management of sporadic AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Alluri
- Cognitive Science Research Initiative Lab, Dept. of Pharmacology, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak Dist., Telangana, 502313, India
| | | | | | | | - Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju-Si, Chungbuk Do, 380-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rubrofusarin inhibits Aβ aggregation and ameliorates memory loss in an Aβ-induced Alzheimer's disease-like mouse model. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110698. [PMID: 31348966 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The misfolding and aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is a common histopathologic characteristic in patients with Alzheimer's disease, so is considered to play an critical role. In the present study, we examined the effect of rubrofusarin, an ingredient of Cassiae semen, on Aβ aggregation and memory loss in an AD mouse model. Rubrofusarin inhibited Aβ aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, rubrofusarin dis-aggregated preformed Aβ fibrils in a concentration-dependent manner. Although aggregated Aβ induced memory loss, Aβ pre-incubated with rubrofusarin failed to induce memory loss. Moreover, rubrofusarin administration ameliorated Aβ aggregates-induced memory loss. Finally, rubrofusarin reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein or Iba-1-positive area, markers of neuroinflammation, in the hippocampus of Aβ-treated mice. These results suggest that rubrofusarin can decrease Aβ fibril formation and ameliorate memory loss in the AD mouse model.
Collapse
|
15
|
Effect of N-Acetyl Cysteine on Intracerebroventricular Colchicine Induced Cognitive Deficits, Beta Amyloid Pathology, and Glial Cells. NEUROSCIENCE JOURNAL 2019; 2019:7547382. [PMID: 31139638 PMCID: PMC6500609 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7547382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Among the many factors responsible for the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, beta amyloid protein and plaque formation is crucial. This amyloid pathology is associated with activation of glial cells and oxidative stress but whether oxidative stress activates beta amyloid protein in the neurons is not clear. Further the expression of microglia is also known to vary during pathogenesis of beta amyloid plaques. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antioxidant effect of NAC on amyloid pathology and cognition and also to investigate the link between amyloid pathology and glial cells activation. Intracerebroventricular colchicine in rats known mimics human AD in many aspects including memory loss, oxidative stress, and hyper phosphorylation of tau protein. The animal groups consisted of age matched control, sham operated, AD, and NAC treated in AD models of rats. Cognitive function was evaluated in active avoidance test; beta amyloid protein, beta amyloid plaques, astrocytes, and microglia cells were quantified using immunohistochemistry in hippocampal and prefrontal cortices. Colchicine has resulted in significant cognitive loss, increased intraneuronal beta amyloid protein expression, increased reactive astrocytes, and activated microglia in all the regions of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortices. The antioxidant NAC has reversed the cognitive deficits and inhibited microglia activation but failed to inhibit BAP expression and astrocytosis. Intraneuronal BAP accumulation is deleterious and known to adversely affect cognition, but in this study in spite of intraneuronal BAP accumulation, the cognition is restored. It can be postulated that NAC might have reversed the effect of intraneuronal beta amyloid protein by acting on some downstream compensatory mechanisms which needs to be explored.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abubakar S, Al-Mansoub MA, Murugaiyah V, Chan KL. The phytochemical and anti-inflammatory studies of Dillenia suffruticosa leaves. Phytother Res 2019; 33:660-675. [PMID: 30653753 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Dillenia suffruticosa leaves (Dilleniaceae), a folk medicine recommended in Southeast Asia for treating inflammation, were phytochemically studied for the first time and assessed for suppression of λ-carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. The crude methanolic extract orally administered at 5,000 mg/kg, displayed no toxicity and at 250 to 1,000 mg/kg significantly suppressed the paw oedema. Two-isolated triterpenoids, betulinic acid (1) and koetjapic acid (2) orally administered at 50 mg/kg, significantly reduced the paw oedema, (p < 0.001) and (p < 0.005) at the fourth h onwards to 47.36% ± 2.23 and 53.43% ± 7.09, respectively, from 95.90% ± 6.88 oedema induced by λ-carrageenan alone. 1 and the isolated flavonoids of vitexin (3), tiliroside (4), and kaempferol (5), displayed moderately more of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 than COX-1 enzyme inhibition, whereas 2 was slightly more inhibition of COX-1. The in silico molecular docking studies provided support to the in vitro COX studies that the isolated compounds formed H-bonding with the amino acid residues at the COX-2 catalytic sites. The triterpenoids were bound to the peroxidase, possibly inhibiting the peroxidase reaction, whereas the flavonoids interacted more at the cyclooxygenase, resembling celecoxib, therefore providing evidences that these compounds were responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties of D. suffruticosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saifullah Abubakar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Majed Ahmed Al-Mansoub
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Lam Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gupta P, Sil S, Ghosh R, Ghosh A, Ghosh T. Intracerebroventricular Aβ-Induced Neuroinflammation Alters Peripheral Immune Responses in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:572-586. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
18
|
Fanoudi S, Hosseini M, Alavi MS, Boroushaki MT, Hosseini A, Sadeghnia HR. Everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, ameliorated streptozotocin-induced learning and memory deficits via neurochemical alterations in male rats. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:999-1017. [PMID: 30564080 PMCID: PMC6295637 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Everolimus (EVR), as a rapamycin analog, is a selective inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase and its associated signaling pathway. mTOR is a serine/threonine protein kinase and its hyperactivity is involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and associated cognitive deficits. The present study evaluated the impact of EVR, on cognitive functions, hippocampal cell loss, and neurochemical parameters in the intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (icv-STZ) model of AD rats. EVR (1 and 5 mg/kg) was administered for 21 days following the single administration of STZ (3 mg/kg, icv) or for 7 days on days 21-28 post-STZ injection after establishment of cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive deficits (passive avoidance and spatial memory), oxidative stress parameters, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and percentage of cell loss were evaluated in the hippocampus. Chronic administration (1 and 5 mg/kg for 21 days from the day of surgery and icv-STZ infusion) or acute injection (5 mg/kg for 7 days after establishment of cognitive impairment) of EVR significantly attenuated cognitive dysfunction, neuronal loss, oxidative stress and AChE activity in the hippocampus of STZ-AD rats. In conclusion, our study showed that EVR could prevent or improve deteriorations in behavioral, biochemical and histopathological features of the icv-STZ rat model of AD. Therefore, inhibition of the hyperactivated mTOR may be an important therapeutic target for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taher Boroushaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid R Sadeghnia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gay NH, Phopin K, Suwanjang W, Songtawee N, Ruankham W, Wongchitrat P, Prachayasittikul S, Prachayasittikul V. Neuroprotective Effects of Phenolic and Carboxylic Acids on Oxidative Stress-Induced Toxicity in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:619-636. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
20
|
Seifar F, Khalili M, Khaledyan H, Amiri Moghadam S, Izadi A, Azimi A, Shakouri SK. α-Lipoic acid, functional fatty acid, as a novel therapeutic alternative for central nervous system diseases: A review. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:306-316. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1386755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Seifar
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalili
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Khaledyan
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Amiri Moghadam
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Azimeh Izadi
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Seied Kazem Shakouri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Reeta K, Singh D, Gupta Y. Chronic treatment with taurine after intracerebroventricular streptozotocin injection improves cognitive dysfunction in rats by modulating oxidative stress, cholinergic functions and neuroinflammation. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:146-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
22
|
Fujikawa R, Higuchi S, Nakatsuji M, Yasui M, Ikedo T, Nagata M, Hayashi K, Yokode M, Minami M. Deficiency in EP4 Receptor-Associated Protein Ameliorates Abnormal Anxiety-Like Behavior and Brain Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28624505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are thought to play key roles in the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). Overactivated microglia produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, which appear to contribute to disease progression. Previously, we reported that prostaglandin E2 type 4 receptor-associated protein (EPRAP) promotes microglial activation. We crossed human amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice from strain J20+/- onto an EPRAP-deficient background to determine the role of EPRAP in AD. Behavioral tests were performed in 5-month-old male J20+/-EPRAP+/+ and J20+/-EPRAP-/- mice. EPRAP deficiency reversed the reduced anxiety of J20+/- mice but did not affect hyperactivity. No differences in spatial memory were observed between J20+/-EPRAP+/+ and J20+/-EPRAP-/- mice. In comparison with J20+/-EPRAP+/+, J20+/-EPRAP-/- mice exhibited less microglial accumulation and reductions in the Cd68 and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNAs in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. No significant differences were found between the two types of mice in the amount of amyloid-β 40 or 42 in the cortex and hippocampus. J20+/-EPRAP-/- mice reversed the reduced anxiety-like behavior and had reduced microglial activation compared with J20+/-EPRAP+/+ mice. Further research is required to identify the role of EPRAP in AD, but our results indicate that EPRAP may be related to behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and inflammation in patients with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risako Fujikawa
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sei Higuchi
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Nakatsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mika Yasui
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Nagata
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yokode
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Minami
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Azman AS, Othman I, Fang CM, Chan KG, Goh BH, Lee LH. Antibacterial, Anticancer and Neuroprotective Activities of Rare Actinobacteria from Mangrove Forest Soils. Indian J Microbiol 2017; 57:177-187. [PMID: 28611495 PMCID: PMC5446825 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove is a complex ecosystem that contains diverse microbial communities, including rare actinobacteria with great potential to produce bioactive compounds. To date, bioactive compounds extracted from mangrove rare actinobacteria have demonstrated diverse biological activities. The discovery of three novel rare actinobacteria by polyphasic approach, namely Microbacterium mangrovi MUSC 115T, Sinomonas humi MUSC 117T and Monashia flava MUSC 78T from mangrove soils at Tanjung Lumpur, Peninsular Malaysia have led to the screening on antibacterial, anticancer and neuroprotective activities. A total of ten different panels of bacteria such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300, ATCC 70069, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NRBC 112582 and others were selected for antibacterial screening. Three different neuroprotective models (hypoxia, oxidative stress, dementia) were done using SHSY5Y neuronal cells while two human cancer cells lines, namely human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29) and human cervical carcinoma cell lines (Ca Ski) were utilized for anticancer activity. The result revealed that all extracts exhibited bacteriostatic effects on the bacteria tested. On the other hand, the neuroprotective studies demonstrated M. mangrovi MUSC 115T extract exhibited significant neuroprotective properties in oxidative stress and dementia model while the extract of strain M. flava MUSC 78T was able to protect the SHSY5Y neuronal cells in hypoxia model. Furthermore, the extracts of M. mangrovi MUSC 115T and M. flava MUSC 78T exhibited anticancer effect against Ca Ski cell line. The chemical analysis of the extracts through GC-MS revealed that the majority of the compounds present in all extracts are heterocyclic organic compound that could explain for the observed bioactivities. Therefore, the results obtained in this study suggested that rare actinobacteria discovered from mangrove environment could be potential sources of antibacterial, anticancer and neuroprotective agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adzzie-Shazleen Azman
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chee-Mun Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Reeta KH, Singh D, Gupta YK. Edaravone attenuates intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced cognitive impairment in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:987-997. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. H. Reeta
- Department of Pharmacology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Devendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Yogendra K. Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029 India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Medicinal Plants of the Australian Aboriginal Dharawal People Exhibiting Anti-Inflammatory Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2935403. [PMID: 28115968 PMCID: PMC5223016 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2935403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to multiple ageing-related musculoskeletal and neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. More recently, chronic neuroinflammation has been attributed to Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease and autism-spectrum and obsessive-compulsive disorders. To date, pharmacotherapy of inflammatory conditions is based mainly on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which in contrast to cytokine-suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs do not influence the production of cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α or nitric oxide. However, their prolonged use can cause gastrointestinal toxicity and promote adverse events such as high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, and thrombosis. Hence, there is a critical need to develop novel and safer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs possessing alternate mechanism of action. In this study, plants used by the Dharawal Aboriginal people in Australia for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, for example, asthma, arthritis, rheumatism, fever, oedema, eye inflammation, and inflammation of bladder and related inflammatory diseases, were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Ethanolic extracts from 17 Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae) were assessed for their capacity to inhibit nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Eucalyptus benthamii showed the most potent nitric oxide inhibitory effect (IC50 5.57 ± 1.4 µg/mL), whilst E. bosistoana, E. botryoides, E. saligna, E. smithii, E. umbra, and E. viminalis exhibited nitric oxide inhibition values between 7.58 and 19.77 µg/mL.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kalra J, Kumar P, Majeed ABA, Prakash A. Modulation of LOX and COX pathways via inhibition of amyloidogenesis contributes to mitoprotection against β-amyloid oligomer-induced toxicity in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 146-147:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
27
|
Reducing Aβ load and tau phosphorylation: Emerging perspective for treating Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
28
|
Yu X, Li Y, Wen H, Zhang Y, Tian X. Intensity-dependent effects of repetitive anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on learning and memory in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 123:168-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
29
|
Sadiq A, Mahmood F, Ullah F, Ayaz M, Ahmad S, Haq FU, Khan G, Jan MS. Synthesis, anticholinesterase and antioxidant potentials of ketoesters derivatives of succinimides: a possible role in the management of Alzheimer's. Chem Cent J 2015; 9:31. [PMID: 26064188 PMCID: PMC4461796 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-015-0107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Based on the pharmacological potency and structural features of succinimides, this study was designed to synthesize new ketoesters derivatives of succinimides. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their possible anticholinesterase and antioxidant potentials. The compounds were synthesized by organocatalytic Michael additions of α-ketoesters to N-aryl maleimides. Acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities were determined using Ellman’s spectrophotometric assay. The antioxidant activity was performed with DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging assay. Results The Michael additions of α-ketoesters to maleimides was promoted by 8-hydroxyquinoline. The organocatalyst (8-hydroxyquinoline, 20 mol %) produced the compounds in relatively shorter time (20–24 h) and with excellent isolated yields (84-98 %). The synthesized compounds (1–4) showed outstanding acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory potentials, i.e., 98.75 and 90.00 % respectively for compound 2, with IC50 < 0.1 μg/mL. Additionally, compounds 1–4 revealed moderate antioxidant activity at different concentrations. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay, compound 1 showed dominant result with 72.41 ± 0.45, 52.49 ± 0.78 and 35.60 ± 0.75 % inhibition at concentrations of 1000, 500 and 250 μg/mL respectively, IC50 value of 440 μg/mL. However, the free radical scavenging was better when used ABTS free radicals. In ABTS free radicals scavenging assay compound 1 exhibited 88.51 ± 0.62 % inhibition at highest tested concentration i.e., 1000 μg/mL. Conclusions Herein, we have synthesized four ketoesters derivatives of succinimides in a single step reaction and high yields. As a highlight, we have showed a first report on the anticholinesterase and antioxidant potentials of succinimides. All the compounds showed overwhelming enzyme inhibitions and moderate antioxidant potentials. Graphical representation of synthesis, anticholinesterase and antioxidant potentials of ketoester derivatives of succinimides. ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13065-015-0107-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Pakistan
| | - Fawad Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Pakistan ; Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, KPK Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Pakistan
| | - Faizan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Pakistan
| | - Ghazan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dzoyem JP, Eloff JN. Anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of twelve plants used traditionally to alleviate pain and inflammation in South Africa. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 160:194-201. [PMID: 25476488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions are among the pathological features associated with the central nervous system in Alzheimer׳s disease. Traditionally, medicinal plants have been used to alleviate inflammation, pains and also other symptoms possibly associated with Alzheimer׳s disease. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity of twelve South African medicinal plants traditionally used to alleviate pain and inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages and 15-lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory assay were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition was assessed by using a modification of the Ellman׳s method. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoids contents were determined using standard in vitro methods. RESULTS The extract of Burkea africana had the highest anti-15-lipoxygenase activity with 85.92% inhibition at 100µg/mL. All the extracts tested inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose dependant manner in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. However, extracts from Leucaena leucocephala, Lippia javanica inhibited the production of NO by 97% at a concentration of 25µg/mL. In addition, both Leucaena leucocephala and Englerophytum magaliesmontanum had strong activity against acetylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 118µg/mL and 160µg/mL respectively. Hight levels of phenolics and flavonoids were found in Leucaena leucocephala, Lippia javanica and Burkea africana. The correlation with antioxidant activities was not strong indicating that other metabolites may also be involved in antioxidant activity. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in this study validate the use of leaf extracts of these plants in South African traditional medicine against inflammation. Extracts of these plants species might be of value in the management of various diseases emerging from oxidative stress and related degenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Dzoyem
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J N Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Pretoria, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Deoxysappanone B, a homoisoflavone from the Chinese medicinal plant Caesalpinia sappan L., protects neurons from microglia-mediated inflammatory injuries via inhibition of IκB kinase (IKK)-NF-κB and p38/ERK MAPK pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 748:18-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
32
|
Cardinali DP, Vigo DE, Olivar N, Vidal MF, Brusco LI. Melatonin Therapy in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2014; 3:245-77. [PMID: 26784870 PMCID: PMC4665493 DOI: 10.3390/antiox3020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major health problem and a growing recognition exists that efforts to prevent it must be undertaken by both governmental and non-governmental organizations. In this context, the pineal product, melatonin, has a promising significance because of its chronobiotic/cytoprotective properties potentially useful for a number of aspects of AD. One of the features of advancing age is the gradual decrease in circulating melatonin levels. A limited number of therapeutic trials have indicated that melatonin has a therapeutic value as a neuroprotective drug in the treatment of AD and minimal cognitive impairment (which may evolve to AD). Both in vitro and in vivo, melatonin prevented the neurodegeneration seen in experimental models of AD. For these effects to occur, doses of melatonin about two orders of magnitude higher than those required to affect sleep and circadian rhythmicity are needed. More recently, attention has been focused on the development of potent melatonin analogs with prolonged effects, which were employed in clinical trials in sleep-disturbed or depressed patients in doses considerably higher than those employed for melatonin. In view that the relative potencies of the analogs are higher than that of the natural compound, clinical trials employing melatonin in the range of 50-100 mg/day are urgently needed to assess its therapeutic validity in neurodegenerative disorders such as AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Cardinali
- Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires 1007, Argentina.
| | - Daniel E Vigo
- Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires 1007, Argentina.
| | - Natividad Olivar
- Centro de Neuropsiquiatría y Neurología de la Conducta, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.
| | - María F Vidal
- Centro de Neuropsiquiatría y Neurología de la Conducta, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.
| | - Luis I Brusco
- Centro de Neuropsiquiatría y Neurología de la Conducta, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Structure of N-terminal sequence Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe-Arg-His-Asp-Ser of Aβ-peptide with phospholipase A2 from venom of Andaman Cobra sub-species Naja naja sagittifera at 2.0 Å resolution. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:4221-36. [PMID: 24619194 PMCID: PMC3975393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most significant social and health burdens of the present century. Plaques formed by extracellular deposits of amyloid β (Aβ) are the prime player of AD’s neuropathology. Studies have implicated the varied role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in brain where it contributes to neuronal growth and inflammatory response. Overall contour and chemical nature of the substrate-binding channel in the low molecular weight PLA2s are similar. This study involves the reductionist fragment-based approach to understand the structure adopted by N-terminal fragment of Alzheimer’s Aβ peptide in its complex with PLA2. In the current communication, we report the structure determined by X-ray crystallography of N-terminal sequence Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe-Arg-His-Asp-Ser (DAEFRHDS) of Aβ-peptide with a Group I PLA2 purified from venom of Andaman Cobra sub-species Naja naja sagittifera at 2.0 Å resolution (Protein Data Bank (PDB) Code: 3JQ5). This is probably the first attempt to structurally establish interaction between amyloid-β peptide fragment and hydrophobic substrate binding site of PLA2 involving H bond and van der Waals interactions. We speculate that higher affinity between Aβ and PLA2 has the therapeutic potential of decreasing the Aβ–Aβ interaction, thereby reducing the amyloid aggregation and plaque formation in AD.
Collapse
|
34
|
Bin Sayeed MS, Asaduzzaman M, Morshed H, Hossain MM, Kadir MF, Rahman MR. The effect of Nigella sativa Linn. seed on memory, attention and cognition in healthy human volunteers. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:780-786. [PMID: 23707331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidences have demonstrated that Nigella sativa Linn. seed (NS) has positive modulation effects on aged rats with memory impairments, prevents against hippocampal pyramidal cell loss and enhances consolidation of recall capability of stored information and spatial memory in rats. NS has neuroprotective, nephroprotective, lung protective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective activities as established by previous studies on animals. Several clinical trials with NS on human have also demonstrated beneficial effect. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to investigate the effects of NS on memory, attention and cognition in healthy elderly volunteers. Furthermore, safety profile of NS was assessed during the nine-week study period. METHODS Forty elderly volunteers were recruited and divided randomly into group A and group B--each consisting of 20 volunteers. The treatment procedure for group A was 500 mg NS capsule twice daily for nine weeks and Group B received placebo instead of NS in the similar manner. All the volunteers were assessed for neuropsychological state and safety profile twice before treatment and after nine weeks. The neuropsychological tests were logical memory test, digit span test, Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test, letter cancellation test, trail making test and stroop test. Safety profile was assessed by measuring biochemical markers of Cardiac (total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatine kinase-MB); Liver (aspartate aminotransferase, alanin aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, bilirubin) and Kidney (creatinine and blood urea nitrogen) through using commercial kits. RESULTS There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the score of logical memory test-I and II, total score of digit span, 30 min delayed-recall, percent score in Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test, time taken to complete letter cancellation test, time taken in trail making test-A and test-B, score in part C of stroop test due to ingestion of NS for nine weeks. There were not statistically significant changes (p>0.05) in any of the biochemical markers of cardiac, liver, kidney function during this nine-week study period. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrates the role of NS in enhancing memory, attention and cognition. Therefore, whether NS could be considered as potential food supplement for preventing or slow progressing of Alzheimer disease needs further investigations. However, study with Alzheimer's patients with large population size for longer period of time is recommended before using NS daily and extensive phytochemical investigations are recommended for novel drug discovery from NS for treating cognitive disorders.
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu MH, Lin YS, Sheu SY, Sun JS. Anti-inflammatory effects of daidzein on primary astroglial cell culture. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 12:123-34. [DOI: 10.1179/147683009x423274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
36
|
Lin L, Huang QX, Yang SS, Chu J, Wang JZ, Tian Q. Melatonin in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14575-93. [PMID: 23857055 PMCID: PMC3742260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140714575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with progressive cognition deficit, is characterized by extracellular senile plaques (SP) of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, mainly containing the hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau. Multiple factors contribute to the etiology of AD in terms of initiation and progression. Melatonin is an endogenously produced hormone in the brain and decreases during aging and in patients with AD. Data from clinical trials indicate that melatonin supplementation improves sleep, ameliorates sundowning and slows down the progression of cognitive impairment in AD patients. Melatonin efficiently protects neuronal cells from Aβ-mediated toxicity via antioxidant and anti-amyloid properties. It not only inhibits Aβ generation, but also arrests the formation of amyloid fibrils by a structure-dependent interaction with Aβ. Our studies have demonstrated that melatonin efficiently attenuates Alzheimer-like tau hyperphosphorylation. Although the exact mechanism is still not fully understood, a direct regulatory influence of melatonin on the activities of protein kinases and protein phosphatases is proposed. Additionally, melatonin also plays a role in protecting the cholinergic system and in anti-inflammation. The aim of this review is to stimulate interest in melatonin as a potentially useful agent in the prevention and treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; E-Mail:
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, College of Medical Science, Jishou University, 120 People Road, Jishou 436100, China; E-Mails: (L.L.); (S.-S.Y.)
| | - Qiong-Xia Huang
- Department of TCM Rationale, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 West Road Huangjia Lake, Wuhan 430065, China; E-Mail:
| | - Shu-Sheng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, College of Medical Science, Jishou University, 120 People Road, Jishou 436100, China; E-Mails: (L.L.); (S.-S.Y.)
| | - Jiang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; E-Mail:
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.-Z.W.); (Q.T.); Tel./Fax: +86-27-8369-3883 (J.-Z.W.); Tel.: +86-27-8369-2625 (Q.T.)
| | - Qing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.-Z.W.); (Q.T.); Tel./Fax: +86-27-8369-3883 (J.-Z.W.); Tel.: +86-27-8369-2625 (Q.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lee MR, Yun BS, Sung CK. Comparative Study of White and Steamed Black Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolium, and P. notoginseng on Cholinesterase Inhibitory and Antioxidative Activity. J Ginseng Res 2013; 36:93-101. [PMID: 23717109 PMCID: PMC3659564 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-cholinesterases (ChEs) and antioxidant activities of white ginseng (WG) and black ginseng (BG) roots of Panax ginseng (PG), P. quinquefolium (PQ), and P. notoginseng (PN). Ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd were found in white PG, whereas Rf was not found in white PQ and Rf, Rc, and Rb2 were not detected in white PN. The major ginsenoside content in steamed BG including RK3, Rh4, and 20(S)/(R)-Rg3 was equivalent to approximately 70% of the total ginsenoside content. The WG and BG inhibited acetylcholinesteras (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in a dose dependent manner. The efficacy of BG roots of PG, PQ, and PN on AChE and BChE inhibition was greater than that of the respective WG roots. The total phenolic contents and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity were increased by heat treatment. Among the three WG and BG, white PG and steamed black PQ have significantly higher contents of phenolic compounds. The best results for the DPPH scavenging activity were obtained with the WG and BG from PG. These results demonstrate that the steamed BG roots of the three studied ginseng species have both high ChEs inhibition capacity and antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Naghizadeh B, Mansouri MT, Ghorbanzadeh B, Farbood Y, Sarkaki A. Protective effects of oral crocin against intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced spatial memory deficit and oxidative stress in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:537-542. [PMID: 23351962 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular (ICV) streptozotocin (STZ) has been shown to cause cognitive impairment, associated with free radical generation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of crocin on cognitive performance in ICV STZ-lesioned rats (3 mg/kg bilaterally, on day 1 and 3). Crocin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered for 21 consecutive days, starting 1h prior to the first dose of STZ. Cognitive performance was assessed using Morris water maze task while the parameters of oxidative stress assessed, were malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol levels besides glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. STZ-lesioned rats showed a severe deficit in memory associated with elevated MDA levels, reduced GPx activity and total thiol content. Crocin treatment improved cognitive performance and resulted in a significant reduction in MDA levels and elevation in total thiol content and GPx activity. This study demonstrates that crocin may have beneficial effects in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Naghizadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Khlifi D, Sghaier RM, Laouni D, Hayouni AA, Hamdi M, Bouajila J. Anti-Inflammatory and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activities of Globularia Alypum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.12720/jomb.2.4.232-237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
40
|
Mehla J, Pahuja M, Dethe SM, Agarwal A, Gupta YK. Amelioration of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced cognitive impairment by Evolvulus alsinoides in rats: in vitro and in vivo evidence. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:1052-64. [PMID: 22892278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Evolvulus alsinoides, also known as Shankpushapi, is a commonly used traditional medicine for enhancing memory. We evaluated the in vitro free radical scavenging and enzymes [acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinestrase, glycogen synthase kinase-3-β (GSK-3-β), rho kinase (ROCK II), prolyl endopeptidase (PEP), catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) and lipoxygenase (LOX)] inhibitory activities of aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of E. alsinoides. Hydro-alcoholic extract of E. alsinoides demonstrated more free radical scavenging activity as compared to aqueous extract. Hydro-alcoholic extract also showed higher cholinesterase, GSK-3-β, ROCK II, PEP, COMT and LOX enzyme inhibitory activities as compared to aqueous extract. Phytochemical analysis revealed more flavanoids in hydro-alcoholic extract as compared to aqueous extract but no significant difference in phenolic content of the two extracts was observed. Based on in vitro data, hydro-alcoholic extract (100, 300 and 500mg/kg, p.o.) was selected for in vivo study in intracerebroventricularly injected streptozotocin (STZ) induced cognitive impairment in male Wistar rats. Elevated plus maze, passive avoidance and Morris water maze were used for assessment of cognitive function on 14th, 21st and 28th day after STZ injection. Oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, nitric oxide levels and superoxide dismutase activity), cholinergic dysfunction and rho kinase (ROCK II) expression were studied in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rat brain at the end of the study. Hydro-alcoholic extract of E. alsinoides dose dependently prevented STZ induced cognitive impairment by reducing the oxidative stress, improving cholinergic function and preventing the increase in rho kinase expression. The results suggest an anti-Alzheimer potential of hydro-alcoholic extract of E. alsinoides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jogender Mehla
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Therapeutic Effect of Yi-Chi-Tsung-Ming-Tang on Amyloid β-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Like Phenotype via an Increase of Acetylcholine and Decrease of Amyloid β. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:414536. [PMID: 22754582 PMCID: PMC3382387 DOI: 10.1155/2012/414536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid accumulation, neuronal death, and cognitive impairments. Yi-Chi-Tsung-Ming-Tang (YCTMT) is a traditional Chinese medicine and has never been used to enhance cognitive function and treat neurodegenerative disorders such as senile dementia. Whether YCTMT has a beneficial role in improving learning and memory in AD patients remains unclear. The present study showed that oral administration of YCTMT ameliorated amyloid-β- (Aβ1−40) injection-induced learning and memory impairments in rats, examined using passive avoidance and Morris water-maze tests. Immunostaining and Western Blot results showed that continuous Aβ1−40 infusion caused amyloid accumulation and decreased acetylcholine level in hippocampus. Oral administration of medium and high dose of YCTMT 7 days after the Aβ1−40 infusion decreased amyloid accumulation area and reversed acetylcholine decline in the Aβ1−40-injected hippocampus, suggesting that YCTMT might inhibit Aβ plague accumulation and rescue reduced acetylcholine expression. This study has provided evidence on the beneficial role of YCTMT in ameliorating amyloid-induced AD-like symptom, indicating that YCTMT may offer an alternative strategy for treating AD.
Collapse
|
42
|
Heun R, Schoepf D, Potluri R, Natalwala A. Alzheimer's disease and co-morbidity: increased prevalence and possible risk factors of excess mortality in a naturalistic 7-year follow-up. Eur Psychiatry 2011; 28:40-8. [PMID: 21924588 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) have to be sufficiently healthy to live long enough to experience and to be diagnosed with dementia in later life. In contrast, neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits in AD may increase the frequency of co-morbid disorders and their possible influence on mortality. Consequently, we investigated whether the pattern of co-morbidity and its relevance for later death differed between hospitalized AD and age-matched controls subjects. METHODS Co-morbid diseases with a prevalence of more than 1% at hospital admission were compared between 634 hospitalized AD and 72,244 control subjects aged above 70 years admitted to the University of Birmingham NHS Trust between 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2007. Risk factors, i.e. co-morbid diseases that were predictors of mortality within the 7-year follow-up, were identified and compared. RESULTS Subjects with AD suffer more eating disorders, infections, brain diseases and neck of femur fractures than other hospitalized elderly patients. In contrast, some cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus were less prevalent in AD subjects in comparison with hospitalized controls. Diseases that might have contributed to later mortality in AD were pneumonia, ischemic heart disease and gastroenteritis, but there were no significant differences in their impact on mortality compared to other hospitalized elderly subjects with the same co-morbidities in multivariate logistic regression analyses. CONCLUSION Patients with AD have a different pattern of co-morbidity, but die from the same diseases as other hospitalized patients. Infections including pneumonia and diseases that may occur secondary to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline may need special attention in patients with AD who may not be able to identify or report the early symptoms. Preventive measures may be helpful to reduce the high risk and fatal consequences of undetected disease in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Heun
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3WQ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Genistein ameliorates learning and memory deficits in amyloid β(1–40) rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2011; 95:270-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
44
|
Menichini F, Tundis R, Bonesi M, de Cindio B, Loizzo MR, Conforti F, Statti GA, Menabeni R, Bettini R, Menichini F. Chemical composition and bioactivity of Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation, cold-pressing and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:789-99. [PMID: 21337254 DOI: 10.1080/14786410902900085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition of the essential oil of Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante peel obtained by hydrodistillation, cold-pressing and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction techniques was determined by GC/MS analysis. Forty-six components were fully characterised. Limonene and γ-terpinene were the major components of the oils obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and cold-pressing (CP), while citropten was the major constituent in the oil obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities were evaluated. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation exerted the highest inhibitory activity against BChE (IC₅₀ value of 154.6 µg mL⁻¹) and AChE (IC₅₀ value of 171.3 µg mL⁻¹. Interestingly, the oil obtained by cold-pressing exhibited a selective inhibitory activity against AChE. The essential oils have also been evaluated for the inhibition of NO production in LPS induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The oil obtained by hydrodistillation exerted a significant inhibition of NO production with an IC₅₀ value of 17 µg mL⁻¹ (IC₅₀ of positive control 53 µg mL⁻¹).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Menichini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mossa ATH, Nawwar GAM. Free radical scavenging and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of Origanum majorana L. essential oil. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 30:1501-13. [PMID: 21239482 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110391686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, Origanum majorana L. essential oil (EO) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluated for free radical scavenging and anticholinesterase activities. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 4-terpineol (29.97%), γ-terpinene (15.40%), trans-sabinene hydrate (10.93), α-terpinene (6.86%), 3-cycolohexene-1-1 methanal,a,a4-trimethyl-,(S)-(CAS) (6.54%), and sabinene (3.91%) as main constituents. Origanum majorana L. EO exhibited concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on 2,2'-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH(•)), hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, reducing power, and lipid peroxidation with IC(50) values of 58.67, 67.11, 91.25, 78.67, and 68.75 µg/mL, respectively; while the IC(50) values for the standard trolox were noted to be 23.95, 44.97, 51.30, 42.22, and 52.72 µg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, cholinesterase inhibitory activity was also found with IC(50) values of 36.40 µg/mL. We can conclude that the marjoram EO has a significant potential to be used as a natural antioxidant and anti-AChE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A T H Mossa
- Environmental Toxicology Research Unit (ETRU), Pesticide Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. ;
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Piau A, Nourhashémi F, Hein C, Caillaud C, Vellas B. Progress in the development of new drugs in Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:45-57. [PMID: 21267520 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease with a global prevalence estimated at 26.55 million in 2006. During the past decades, several agents have been approved that enhance cognition of AD patients. However, the effectiveness of these treatments are limited or controversial and they do not modify disease progression. Recent advances in understanding AD pathogenesis have led to the development of numerous compounds that might modify the disease process. AD is mainly characterized neuropathologically by the presence of two kinds of protein aggregates: extracellular plaques of Abeta-peptide and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Abeta and tau could interfere in an original way contributing to a cascade of events leading to neuronal death and transmitter deficits. Investigation for novel therapeutic approaches targeting the presumed underlying pathogenic mechanisms is major focus of research. Antiamyloid agents targeting production, accumulation, clearance, or toxicity associated with Abeta peptide, are some approaches under investigation to limit extracellular plaques of Abeta-peptide accumulation. We can state as an example: Abeta passive and active immunization, secretases modulation, Abeta degradation enhancement, or antiaggregation and antifibrillization agents. Tau-related therapies are also under clinical investigation but few compounds are available. Another alternative approach under development is neuroprotective agents such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory drugs, compounds acting against glutamate mediated neurotoxicity. Neurorestorative approaches through neurotrophin or cell therapy also represent a minor avenue in AD research. Finally, statins, receptor for advanced glycation end products inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, insulin, and hormonal therapies are some other ways of research for a therapeutic approach of Alzheimer's disease. Taking into account AD complexity, it becomes clear that polypharmacology with drugs targeting different sites could be the future treatment approach and a majority of the recent drugs under evaluation seems to act on multiple targets. This article exposes general classes of disease-modifying therapies under investigation.
Collapse
|
47
|
SP600125, a competitive inhibitor of JNK attenuates streptozotocin induced neurocognitive deficit and oxidative stress in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2010; 96:386-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
48
|
Ullrich C, Pirchl M, Humpel C. Hypercholesterolemia in rats impairs the cholinergic system and leads to memory deficits. Mol Cell Neurosci 2010; 45:408-17. [PMID: 20696249 PMCID: PMC2977849 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic brain disorder characterized by cognitive impairment, cholinergic dysfunction, inflammation, tau and beta-amyloid pathology and vascular damage. Recent studies have shown, that high cholesterol levels are linked to the pathology of AD. The aim of our present work was to study the effects of hypercholesterolemia in adult rats. Five months after 5% cholesterol-enriched diet plasma cholesterol levels and total weight were significantly enhanced compared to controls. Spatial memory was studied in an 8-arm radial maze and cholesterol-treated rats showed an impaired learning and long-term memory. Hypercholesterolemia significantly reduced the number of cholinergic neurons in the basal nucleus of Meynert and decreased acetylcholine levels in the cortex. Nerve growth factor was only slightly enhanced in the cortex of cholesterol-treated animals. Levels of amyloid precursor protein, beta-amyloid(1–42), as well as tau and phospho-tau 181 were significantly enhanced in the cortex of cholesterol-fed rats. Hypercholesterolemia markedly increased several cerebral inflammatory markers and enhanced microglial CD11b-like immunoreactivity. Vascular density, stained by RECA-1 was not changed. However, cholesterol induced cortical microbleedings illustrated by intensive anti-rat IgG-positive spots in the cortex. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that hypercholesterolemia in rats caused memory impairment, cholinergic dysfunction, inflammation, enhanced cortical beta-amyloid and tau and microbleedings, all indications, which resemble an AD-like pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celine Ullrich
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Exp Alzheimers Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kumar Prakash A, Kumar A. Effect of chronic treatment of carvedilol on oxidative stress in an intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced model of dementia in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.12.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Oxidative stress is emerging as an important issue in the pathogenesis of dementia. This study was conducted to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of carvedilol against streptozotocin induced behavioural alterations and oxidative damage in rats.
Methods
An intracerbroventricular cannula was implanted in the lateral ventricles of male Wistar rats. Various behavioural (locomotor activity, Morris water maze task) and biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, nitrate concentration, catalase, acetylcholinesterase, reduced glutathione and protein) were assessed.
Key findings
Intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin caused a significant memory deficit as evaluated in the Morris water maze task paradigms, and caused marked oxidative damage as indicated by significant increases in malondialdehyde and nitrite levels, and depletion of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione levels. It also caused a significant increase in acetylcholinesterase activity. Chronic administration of carvedilol (1 and 2 mg/kg, i.p.) for a period of 25 days starting 4 days before streptozotocin administration resulted in an improvement in memory retention, and attenuation of oxidative damage and acetylcholinesterase activity.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates the effectiveness of carvedilol in preventing cognitive deficits as well as the oxidative stress caused by intracerbroventicular administration of streptozotocin in rats. Carvedilol may have potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atish Kumar Prakash
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tyagi E, Agrawal R, Nath C, Shukla R. Cholinergic protection via alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and PI3K-Akt pathway in LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Neurochem Int 2009; 56:135-42. [PMID: 19781587 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study was planned to investigate the effect of anti-cholinesterase drugs donepezil and neostigmine on neuroinflammation induced by intracerebroventricular administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 microg) in rat. Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta), expressions of iNOS and COX-2, acetylcholinesterase activity, malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione were studied in different brain regions at 24h of LPS injection. Donepezil was found to decrease the LPS-induced AChE activity and oxidative stress in all the brain regions. It also inhibited the LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS expression but did not affect the increased COX-2 expression whereas neostigmine treatment had no effect on LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines. Methyllycaconitine (MLA), a alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, significantly antagonized the donepezil mediated inhibition of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines, indicating that alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit was playing a role in regulation of neuroinflammation. The phosphorylation of Akt, an effector of PI3K, increased with donepezil treatment. These results suggest that increased cholinergic activity in brain by donepezil prevents LPS-induced neuroinflammation via alpha7-nAChRs, followed by the PI3K-Akt pathway and this system may form the basis for the development of novel agents for reversing neuroinflammation or provide new indications for existing drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethika Tyagi
- Division of Pharmacology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|