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Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Menichini F, Bonesi M, Statti GA, Deguin B, Tillequin F, Menichini F, Houghton PJ. Acetyl-cholinesterase Inhibition by Extracts and Isolated Flavones from Linaria reflexa Desf. (Scrophulariaceae). Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts, linariin, isolinariin A and B obtained from Linaria reflexa Desf. (Scrophulariaceae) were tested for acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity using Ellman's method. A dose-response relationship was observed for all extracts and isolated compounds. Flavones exhibited IC50 values ranging from 0.27 μM to 0.30 μM. The structure-activity relationship was briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87030 Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87030 Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Federica Menichini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87030 Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Marco Bonesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87030 Rende (CS) Italy
| | | | - Brigitte Deguin
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de l'Université René Descartes, U.M.R./C.N.R.S. No. 8638, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - François Tillequin
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de l'Université René Descartes, U.M.R./C.N.R.S. No. 8638, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87030 Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Centre for Bioactivity Screening of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King's College, FWB, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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Tundis R, Iacopetta D, Sinicropi MS, Bonesi M, Leporini M, Passalacqua NG, Ceramella J, Menichini F, Loizzo MR. Assessment of antioxidant, antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects of Salvia fruticosa Mill. subsp. thomasii (Lacaita) Brullo, Guglielmo, Pavone & Terrasi (Lamiaceae). Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:155-164. [PMID: 28552787 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and antitumor effects of Salvia fruticosa Mill subsp. thomasii (Lacaita) Brullo, Guglielmo, Pavone & Terrasi (Lamiaceae). The aerial parts were extracted by maceration with methanol. This extract was partitioned with methanol and n-hexane. Luteolin, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, rutin and salvigenin were isolated from the methanol-soluble fraction. n-Hexane fraction showed viridiflorol, β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, as main components. The methanol-soluble fraction exerted antitumor activity against human breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and human colorectal carcinoma (RKO and Caco-2) cells. TUNEL test revealed that S. fruticosa subsp. thomasii leads to cells death by apoptosis, with low cytotoxic effects on non-tumoral 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, it exerted the highest protection of lipid peroxidation and reduced the oxidative stress induced by menadione treatment in 3T3-L1 murine fibroblasts. S. fruticosa subsp. thomasii bioactivity could promote its use not only as food but also in nutraceutical/pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - D Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - M S Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - M Bonesi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - M Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - N G Passalacqua
- Natural History Museum of Calabria and Botanic Garden, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - J Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - F Menichini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - M R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
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Tundis R, Bonesi M, Sicari V, Pellicanò T, Tenuta M, Leporini M, Menichini F, Loizzo M. Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.: Chemical composition, antioxidant properties and hypoglycaemic activity via the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Tundis R, Loizzo M, Bonesi M, Menichini F. Potential Role of Natural Compounds Against Skin Aging. Curr Med Chem 2015; 22:1515-38. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867322666150227151809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, Menichini F, Statti GA, Menichini F. In vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Salsola oppositifolia Desf. (Amaranthaceae) in a Panel of Tumour Cell Lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 63:347-54. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2008-5-607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate for the first time the in vitro cytotoxic activity of fractions and isolated flavonols from Salsola oppositifolia Desf. (Amaranthaceae). The nhexane fraction demonstrated an effective cytotoxic activity on the large lung carcinoma and amelanotic melanoma cell lines with IC50 values of 19.1 μg/ml and 24.4 μg/ml, respectively. Also the dichloromethane fraction exhibited cytotoxic activity against COR-L23 (IC50 30.4 μg/ml) and C32 (IC50 33.2 μg/ml) cells, while the EtOAc fraction demonstrated a selective cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50 67.9 μg/ml). The major active constituents of this fraction were isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside (1) and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (2), which showed an interesting activity against the cell line MCF-7 with IC50 values of 18.2 and 25.2 μg/ml, respectively. Compound 2 exhibited a strong activity against the hormonedependent prostate carcinoma LNCaP cell line with an IC50 of 20.5 μg/ml. Constituents of S. oppositifolia were identified by GC-MS and NMR analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87030 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Monica R. Loizzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87030 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Marco Bonesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87030 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Federica Menichini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87030 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Giancarlo A. Statti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87030 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87030 Rende (CS), Italy
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Bonesi M, Loizzo MR, Conforti F, Passalacqua NG, Saab A, Menichini F, Tundis R. Berberis aetnensis and B. libanotica: a comparative study on the chemical composition, inhibitory effect on key enzymes linked to Alzheimer's disease and antioxidant activity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:1726-35. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study involves for the first time the evaluation of Berberis aetnensis C. Presl. and Berberis libanotica Ehrenb. ex C.K. Schneid. roots for anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties, with the aim to search compounds possibly useful for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Methods
Samples were evaluated for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The antioxidant activity was assayed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and β-carotene bleaching tests. Berberine and palmatine were isolated by flash chromatography and identified by spectrometric methods as main constituents. Non-polar compounds were analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Key findings
Extracts, fractions and isolated compounds inhibited AChE and BChE to varying degrees. The methanol fractions exhibited the strongest AChE inhibitory activity with inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of 7.6 and 16.9 μg/ml for B. aetnensis and B. libanotica, respectively. The alkaloid fraction of B. aetnensis inhibited AChE (IC50 of 24.5 μg/ml) and possessed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 2.2 μg/ml in β-carotene-bleaching test after 30 min of incubation). Berberine was more potent of palmatine against AChE (IC50 of 2.2 and 7.4 μg/ml, respectively).
Conclusions
These findings raise the possibility of developing B. aetnensis and B. libanotica as a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bonesi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Monica R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Nicodemo G Passalacqua
- Natural History Museum of Calabria and Botanic Garden, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Antoine Saab
- Faculty of Sciences II, Chemistry Department, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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Jemia MB, Tundis R, Maggio A, Rosselli S, Senatore F, Menichini F, Bruno M, Kchouk M, Loizzo M. NMR-based quantification of rosmarinic and carnosic acids, GC–MS profile and bioactivity relevant to neurodegenerative disorders of Rosmarinus officinalis L. extracts. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Tundis R, Menichini F, Bonesi M, Conforti F, Statti G, Menichini F, Loizzo MR. Antioxidant and hypoglycaemic activities and their relationship to phytochemicals in Capsicum annuum cultivars during fruit development. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Menichini G, Alfano C, Marrelli M, Toniolo C, Provenzano E, Statti GA, Nicoletti M, Menichini F, Conforti F. Hypericum perforatum L. subsp. perforatum induces inhibition of free radicals and enhanced phototoxicity in human melanoma cells under ultraviolet light. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:193-202. [PMID: 23510474 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our interest continues in discovering phytocomplexes from medicinal plants with phototoxic activity against human melanoma cells; thus the aim of the present study was to assess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and phototoxic activity of Hypericum perforatum L. subsp. perforatum, and relate these properties to the plant's chemical composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Components of H. perforatum subsp. perforatum were extracted by hydroalcoholic solution and chemical profiles of preparations (HyTE-3) performed by HPTLC. Linoleic acid peroxidation and DPPH tests were used to assess antioxidant activity, while MTT assay allowed evaluation of anti-proliferative activity with respect to A375 human melanoma cells after irradiation with UVA dose, 1.8 J/cm(2) . Inhibition of nitric oxide production of macrophages was also investigated. RESULTS HyTE-3 indicated better antioxidant activity with β-carotene bleaching test in comparison to DPPH assay (IC50 = 0.89 μg/ml); significant phototoxicity in A375 cells at 78 μg/ml concentration resulted in cell destruction of 50%. HyTE-3 caused significant dose-related inhibition of nitric oxide production in murine monocytic macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 with IC50 value of 342 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS The H. perforatum subsp. perforatum-derived product was able to suppress proliferation of human malignant melanoma A375 cells; extract together with UVA irradiation enhanced phototoxicity. This biological activity of antioxidant effects was combined with inhibition of nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Menichini
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
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Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Bonesi M, Menichini F, De Luca D, Colica C, Menichini F. Evaluation of Citrus aurantifolia peel and leaves extracts for their chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities. J Sci Food Agric 2012; 92:2960-2967. [PMID: 22589172 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The replacement of synthetic antioxidants by safe natural antioxidants fosters research on the screening of vegetables and food as sources of new antioxidants. Moreover, oxidative degeneration of cells is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. On the basis of these considerations this work aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties [by using the diphenyl picryl hydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and ferric reducing ability of plasma assays, and the β-carotene bleaching test] and the anti-cholinesterase activity of Citrus aurantifolia peel and leaves from different areas of growth. RESULTS Methanol extracts of the peel and leaves demonstrated the strongest radical scavenging activity. A similar trend was observed with the reducing ability, with values from 112.1 to 146.0 µmol L(-1) Fe(II) g(-1). The relationship between phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity was statistically investigated. Based on analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography, the most abundant flavonoids found in C. aurantifolia extracts were apigenin, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and nobiletin. n-Hexane fractions of both peel and leaves showed a good acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity with IC(50) values in the range 91.4-107.4 µg mL(-1). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes as most common components. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest a potential use of C. aurantifolia peel and leaves for supplements for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
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Loizzo MR, Di Lecce G, Boselli E, Menichini F, Frega NG. Radical Scavenging, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Antiproliferative Activity of Phenolic Extracts from Extra Virgin Olive Oil by Cultivar ‘Frantoio’. International Journal of Food Properties 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2010.522291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tundis R, Bonesi M, Menichini F, Loizzo MR, Conforti F, Statti G, Pirisi FM, Menichini F. Antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activity of Globularia meridionalis extracts and isolated constituents. Nat Prod Commun 2012; 7:1015-1020. [PMID: 22978219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase properties of Globularia meridionalis (Podp.) O. Schwarz (Globulariaceae) were investigated. G. meridionalis aerial parts and roots were extracted with methanol, and the total extract successively partitioned with n-hexane. The methanol fraction of the roots showed the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 8.0 and 2.1 microg/mL in the DPPH and beta-carotene bleaching tests, respectively. From this fraction, three flavonoids, namely pectolinarigenin 7-O-beta-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-beta-glucoside and luteolin, and two phenylethanoids, namely acteoside and isoacteoside, were isolated. Potential anti-cholinesterase effects were assessed through the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes inhibition assay. The n-hexane fraction of the roots exhibited the highest activity against both AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 65.5 and 70.4 microg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87030 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, Menichini F, Mastellone V, Colica C, Menichini F. Comparative study on the antioxidant capacity and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of Citrus aurantifolia Swingle, C. aurantium L., and C. bergamia Risso and Poit. peel essential oils. J Food Sci 2012; 77:H40-6. [PMID: 22260108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The interest in medicinal plant research and in the aroma-therapeutic effects of essential oils in humans has increased in recent years, especially for the treatment of pathologies of relevant social impact such as Alzheimer's disease. The present study was taken up to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity of the peel essential oils from three Citrus species, C. aurantifolia Swingle, C. aurantium L., and C. bergamia Risso & Poit. Essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS and they contain mainly limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, and linalyl acetate. C. aurantifolia oil showed the highest radical scavenging activity on ABTS assay (IC₅₀ value of 19.6 μg/mL), while C. bergamia exhibited a good antioxidant activity evaluated by the β-carotene bleaching test (IC₅₀ = 42.6 μg/mL after 60 min of incubation). C. aurantifolia inhibited more selectively AChE. Obtained data suggest a potential use of Citrus oils as a valuable new flavor with functional properties for food or nutraceutical products with particular relevance to supplements for the elderly. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The demonstrated antioxidant activity and procholinesterase properties of Citrus essential oils suggested their use as a new potential source of natural antioxidant to added as extra-nutrient for using in food industries as a valuable new flavor with functional properties for food or nutraceutical products with particular relevance to supplements for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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Conforti F, Menichini G, Zanfini L, Tundis R, Statti GA, Provenzano E, Menichini F, Somma F, Alfano C. Evaluation of phototoxic potential of aerial components of the fig tree against human melanoma. Cell Prolif 2012; 45:279-85. [PMID: 22469077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, Ficus carica L. cultivar Dottato (F. carica) has not been studied from a phototoxic point of view. In the present work, aerial components of F. carica from Italy, were examined to assess their antioxidant and phototoxic activity on human melanoma cells. A relationship between antioxidant, phototoxic activities and chemical composition has also been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Coumarin and fatty acid content in F. carica leaves, bark and woody parts were examined and compared by capillary GC and GC/MS. Polyphenolic content was also determined. Linoleic acid peroxidation and DPPH test were used to assess antioxidant activities, and MTT assay was used to evaluate anti-proliferative activity, on C32 human melanoma cells, after irradiation with a UVA dose of 1.08 J/cm(2). RESULTS Leaves demonstrated the best antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity in comparison to bark and wood. In particular, leaves were shown to possess the highest anti-radical activity and inhibition of peroxidation, with IC(50) values of 64 and 1.48 μg/ml respectively. The leaves had highest anti-proliferative activity with IC(50) value of 3.92 μg/ml. The phytochemical investigation revealed different composition between the coumarins, psoralen and bergapten, fatty acids, polyphenols and flavonoid content among plant parts. CONCLUSIONS Data obtained indicate that this type of fig tree may constitute an excellent source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, coumarins and fatty acids. This study offers a new perspective in developing others formulations potentially useful in photodynamic therapy for treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Conforti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy.
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Marrelli M, Menichini F, Statti GA, Bonesi M, Duez P, Menichini F, Conforti F. Changes in the phenolic and lipophilic composition, in the enzyme inhibition and antiproliferative activity of Ficus carica L. cultivar Dottato fruits during maturation. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:726-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Conforti F, Modesto S, Menichini F, Statti GA, Uzunov D, Solimene U, Duez P, Menichini F. Correlation between environmental factors, chemical composition, and antioxidative properties of caper species growing wild in Calabria (South Italy). Chem Biodivers 2012; 8:518-31. [PMID: 21404435 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Twenty samples of two caper species were collected from various natural habitats of Calabria (South Italy). A sample program was designed in order to cover all taxa and morphotypes present in the studied area, trying to correlate ecological conditions, phytochemical content, and biological activities. These species were characterized through the detection, isolation, and capillary GC-GC/MS quantitative evaluation of chemical markers (phytosterols and vitamin E). The antioxidant activity of MeOH caper extracts was assayed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene bleaching tests. The chemical investigation showed a different composition according to the species and the populations. The best free radical (DPPH) scavenging activity was exerted by Capparis orientalis sample C4 (collected near Copanello village, granodiorite sea cliff) and Capparis sicula ssp. sicula sample C5 (collected near Tarsia village, clay soil). Sample C2 (Galatrella Valley, clay soil) showed the highest inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation with more efficacy than propyl gallate, the reference drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS)
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Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Menichini F, Bonesi M, Conforti F, De Luca D, Menichini F. Air-dried capsicum annuum var. acuminatum medium and big: Determination of bioactive constituents, antioxidant activity and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibition. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Menichini G, Alfano C, Provenzano E, Marrelli M, Statti GA, Menichini F, Conforti F. Cachrys pungens Jan inhibits human melanoma cell proliferation through photo-induced cytotoxic activity. Cell Prolif 2011; 45:39-47. [PMID: 22151699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date, plants belonging to the genus Cachrys have not been amply studied. In the present study, aerial components of Cachrys pungens Jan from Italy, were examined to assess their free radical-scavenging and antioxidant activity, and their phototoxicity on A375 melanoma cells. In view of potential pharmaceutical applications, a relationship between antioxidant, phototoxic activities and polyphenolic composition has also been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Content of sterols, terpenes, fatty acids and coumarins was assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and GC. Total phenolic content was also determined. Antioxidant activity of the methanol extract and fractions of C. pungens Jan was assessed using DPPH scavenging assay and β-carotene bleaching test. Plant phototoxicity was also investigated in this human tumour cell line (amelanotic melanoma). RESULTS Analysis of the chloroform extract was particularly interesting, as it led to identification of many coumarins, of which five were linear and one angular furanocoumarins. Methanol and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited substantial antioxidant activity. Moreover, chloroform extract and isolated coumarin fraction had strong phototoxic activity on UVA-induced A375 cells after irradiation at UVA dose of 1.08 J/cm. CONCLUSIONS Plant-derived natural compounds are an important source for development of cancer-fighting drugs. This study has demonstrated strong phototoxic activity of the coumarin fraction of C. pungens, a plant which, to our knowledge, has never been studied before. This investigation offers a new perspective for developing other formulations potentially useful in photodynamic therapy for treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers as well as melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Menichini
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
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Conforti F, Menichini F, Formisano C, Rigano D, Senatore F, Bruno M, Rosselli S, Celik S. Anthemis wiedemanniana essential oil prevents LPS-induced production of NO in RAW 264.7 macrophages and exerts antiproliferative and antibacterial activities in vitro. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:1594-601. [PMID: 22124231 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.585988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Anthemis wiedemanniana is known in folk medicine for the treatment of microbial infections, cancer and also urinary and pulmonary problems. In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oil from A. wiedemanniana was evaluated and its antibacterial activity was tested against 10 bacterial strains. The oil was also tested for its potentiality to inhibit nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages and for its cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines. A. wiedemanniana oil, rich of oxygenated monoterpenes (25.4%), showed a good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and a good activity against the two Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris. Besides that, it exhibited a high inhibitory effect on the LPS-induced nitrite production and a strong cytotoxic activity, especially against amelanotic melanoma (C32) and large lung cell carcinoma (COR-L23) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, I-87036 Rende, Italy
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21
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Statti GA, Conforti F, Menichini F, Marrelli M, Gangale C, Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, Menichini F. Protective effect of Hypericum calabricum Sprengel on oxidative damage and its inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biol Res 2011; 44:213-218. [PMID: 22688907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study shows for the first time the phenolic composition and the in vitro properties (antioxidant and inhibition of nitric oxide production) of Hypericum calabricum Sprengel collected in Italy. The content of hypericins (hypericin and pseudohypericin), hyperforin, flavonoids (rutin, hyperoside, isoquercetrin, quercitrin, quercetin and biapigenin) and chlorogenic acid of H. calabricum, have been determined. The ethyl acetate fraction from the aerial parts of H. calabricum exhibited activity against the radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with IC50 value of 1.6 jig/ml. The test for inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production was performed using the murine monocytic macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. The ethyl acetate fraction had significant activity with an IC50 value of 102 jig/ml and this might indicate that it would have an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo A Statti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
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22
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Saab AM, Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Lampronti I, Borgatti M, Gambari R, Menichini F, Esseily F, Menichini F. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae) leaves and seeds essential oils against K562 human chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:1741-5. [PMID: 22017546 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.608674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of the essential oils from Laurus nobilis leaves and seeds in relation to their composition were analysed. The most abundant components of the leaf essential oil were 1,8-cineole, 1-p-menthen-8-ethyl acetate, linalool and sabinene, while the seed oil was characterised by β-ocimene, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and β-pinene as main constituents. Both seed and leaf essential oils exhibited a scavenging effect on the DPPH radical, with IC₅₀ values of 66.1 and 53.5 µg mL⁻¹, respectively. The leaf essential oil showed the strongest antioxidant activity in the β-carotene/linoleic acid system, with an IC₅₀ value of 35.6 µg mL⁻¹ after 30 min of incubation. Both leaf and seed oils inhibited proliferation of the K562 tumour cell line with IC₅₀ values of 95 and 75 µg mL⁻¹, respectively. The L. nobilis leaf oil showed a percentage of erythroide differentiation of 15% at a concentration of 10 µg mL⁻¹. A value of 12% was found for the seed essential oil at a concentration of 50 µg mL⁻¹. When the oils were added to a suboptimal concentration of the commercial drug, cytosine arabinoside, a clear synergic effect was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine M Saab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Section Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Conforti F, Marrelli M, Menichini F, Tundis R, Statti GA, Solimene U, Menichini F. Chemical composition and protective effect of oregano (Origanum heracleoticum L.) ethanolic extract on oxidative damage and on inhibition of NO in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 26:404-11. [PMID: 21524150 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.519336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study shows the chemical profile and the in vitro properties (antioxidant and inhibition of nitric oxide production) of the Origanum heracleoticum L. (Lamiaceae). The ethanolic extract of the aerial parts is characterized by terpenes and fatty acids. The extract, with high total phenol and flavonoid content, showed a significant radical-scavenging activity (IC(50) value of 12.8 μg/mL) using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test and an interesting antioxidant activity with the β-carotene bleaching test (IC(50) values of 12.9 and 14.1 μg/mL at 30 and 60 min of incubation, respectively). The test for the inhibition of NO production, performed using the murine monocytic macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line, showed that the extract had significant activity with an IC(50) value of 108.5 μg/mL. The cytotoxic effect of O. heracleoticum extract in presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/mL) was evaluated but found to be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Conforti F, Perri V, Menichini F, Marrelli M, Uzunov D, Statti GA, Menichini F. Wild Mediterranean Dietary Plants as Inhibitors of Pancreatic Lipase. Phytother Res 2011; 26:600-4. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Calabria; Italy
| | - Valentina Perri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Calabria; Italy
| | | | | | - Dimitar Uzunov
- Natural History Museum of Calabria and Botanic Garden; University of Calabria; Italy
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Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Menichini F, Bonesi M, Conforti F, Statti G, De Luca D, de Cindio B, Menichini F. Comparative study on the chemical composition, antioxidant properties and hypoglycaemic activities of two Capsicum annuum L. cultivars (Acuminatum small and Cerasiferum). Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2011; 66:261-269. [PMID: 21792679 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-011-0248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate for the first time the phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content and the antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties of Capsicum annuum var. acuminatum small and C. annuum var. cerasiferum air-dried fruits. The ethanol extract of C. annuum var. acuminatum small, characterized by the major content of total poliphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and capsaicinoids, showed the highest radical scavenging activity (IC(50) of 152.9 μg/ml). On the contrary, C. annuum var. cerasiferum showed a significant antioxidant activity evaluated by the β-carotene bleaching test (IC(50) of 3.1 μg/ml). The lipophilic fraction of both C. annuum var. acuminatum and C. annuum var. cerasiferum exhibited an interesting and selective inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC(50) of 6.9 and 20.1 μg/ml, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy.
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26
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Conforti F, Marrelli M, Statti G, Menichini F, Uzunov D, Solimene U, Menichini F. Comparative chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Nyman and Calamintha grandiflora (L.) Moench (Labiatae). Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:91-7. [PMID: 21861645 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.545356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The two studied Calamintha species showed different polyphenolic content and sterol composition. Calamintha grandiflora possessed twice the polyphenolic content of Calamintha nepeta subsp. glandulosa, while the latter contained a higher number of sterols. Among them, stigmast-5-en-3β-ol was found to be the major constituent. The methanolic extract of C. grandiflora was more potent than the C. nepeta subsp. glandulosa methanolic extract in a DPPH assay, while the activity of the C. grandiflora EtOAc fraction was weaker than its C. nepeta subsp. glandulosa counterpart. Fractions of C. nepeta subsp. glandulosa showed higher activity using a β-carotene bleaching test. The petrol ether fraction of C. grandiflora showed significant inhibition of NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
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Marrelli M, Conforti F, A. Statti G, Cachet X, Michel S, Tillequin F, Menichini F. Biological Potential and Structure-Activity Relationships of Most Recently Developed Vascular Disrupting Agents: An Overview of New Derivatives of Natural Combretastatin A-4. Curr Med Chem 2011; 18:3035-81. [DOI: 10.2174/092986711796391642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Menichini F, Bonesi M, Colica C, Menichini F. In vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Extracts and Isolated Constituents of Salvia leriifoliaBenth. against a Panel of Human Cancer Cell Lines. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:1152-62. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tundis R, Menichini F, Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, Solimene U, Menichini F. Studies on the potential antioxidant properties of Senecio stabianus Lacaita (Asteraceae) and its inhibitory activity against carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:393-404. [PMID: 21644170 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.488233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study showed for the first time the antioxidant and hypoglycaemic properties of the methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts from Senecio stabianus Lacaita, a plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. The antioxidant activities were carried out using two different in vitro assays, namely 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) test. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest activity with inhibitory concentration 50% (IC(50)) values of 35.5 and 32.7 µg mL(-1) on DPPH test and ABTS test, respectively. This activity may be related to a good total phenol and flavonoid content. All extracts were also tested for their potential inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase digestive enzymes. The n-hexane extract exhibited the highest α-amylase inhibition with an IC(50) value of 0.21 mg mL(-1). Through bioassay-guided fractionation processes seven fractions (A-G) were obtained and tested. Based on the phytochemical analysis, the activity of n-hexane extract may be related to the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS) , Italy.
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Loizzo MR, Di Lecce G, Boselli E, Bonesi M, Menichini F, Menichini F, Frega NG. In vitroantioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of Ethiopian spice blendBerbere. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 62:740-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.573470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Menichini F, Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, Conforti F, De Luca D, Statti GA, de Cindio B, Menichini F, Tundis R. Phytochemical profile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic potential of hydroalcoholic extracts from Citrus medica L. cv Diamante flowers, leaves and fruits at two maturity stages. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1549-55. [PMID: 21457747 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Since the past decade consumption of certain foods has been reported to have a positive effect on health. The object of the study was to determine for the first time the chemical composition and the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic potential of Citrus medica L. cv Diamante flowers, leaves and fruits (endocarp and mesocarp) at two maturity stages. Flowers and leaves were characterized by the highest total phenols and flavonoids content. A declining trend was observed during maturity of fruits for both phenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity evaluated by the β-carotene bleaching test showed a strong activity for flowers and endocarp of mature fruits with IC50 values of 2.8 μg/mL and 3.5 μg/mL, respectively, after 30 min of incubation. Interestingly, the mature fruits endocarp (IC50 value of 426.0 μg/mL) could inhibit α-amylase with an IC50 value 2-fold higher than immature fruits. None of the tested extracts affected the proliferation of human skin fibroblasts 142BR. The obtained results suggest a potential use of C. medica L. cv Diamante as new valuable Citrus species with functional properties for food or nutraceutical product on the basis of high content of phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Menichini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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Conforti F, Marcotullio M, Menichini F, Statti G, Vannutelli L, Burini G, Menichini F, Curini M. The Influence of Collection Zone on Glucosinolates, Polyphenols and Flavonoids Contents and Biological Profiles of Capparis sicula ssp. sicula. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2011; 17:87-97. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013210368583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of collection zone on total phenol, flavonoid and glucosinolate contents and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of caper ( Capparis sicula ssp. sicula). This species has been characterized through the detection, isolation and quantitative evaluation of chemical markers (polyphenols, flavonoids and glucosinolates). The chemical investigation showed a different composition between the two collection zones. While the total amounts of phenolics and flavonoids of the two samples were quite the same, their high-performance liquid chromatography profiles were very different. In both samples, the most abundant aglycone was quercetin which accounted for 60% of total flavonoids. Nuclear magnetic resonance data analysis allowed the identification of two compounds: 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids which represented 6.67% and 15.94%, respectively, of the total amount of flavonoids in sample 1. In sample 2, these two acids were still present, but their percentages were much less (2.20% and 1.71%, respectively). As far as we know, this is the first report about the presence of dicaffeoylquinic acids in Capparis. With regard to glucosinolate content, sample 1 showed a higher content of glucosinolates. In both samples, glucocapparin was the most abundant compound. Antioxidant activity of the methanolic C. sicula extracts using diphenyl picrylhydrazyl, β-carotene bleaching test and oxygen radical absorbance capacity showed that the sample 2 was more active than 1. As regards the inhibition of NO production, the extracts from sample 2 were more active than those from sample 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Conforti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy,
| | - M.C. Marcotullio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Section of Organic Chemistry, University of Perugia, I-06123 Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - F. Menichini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - G.A. Statti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - L. Vannutelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Section of Organic Chemistry, University of Perugia, I-06123 Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - G. Burini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Perugia, I-06126 Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - F. Menichini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - M. Curini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Section of Organic Chemistry, University of Perugia, I-06123 Perugia (PG), Italy
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Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Conforti F, Menichini F, Bonesi M, Nadjafi F, Frega NG, Menichini F. Salvia leriifolia Benth (Lamiaceae) extract demonstrates in vitro antioxidant properties and cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Nutr Res 2011; 30:823-30. [PMID: 21147365 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The object of the present study was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant properties and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of Salvia leriifolia Benth extracts and fractions. The functional role of herbs and spices and their constituents is a hot topic in food-related plant research. Salvia species have been used since ancient times in folk medicine for cognitive brain function and have been subjected to extensive research. Thus, we hypothesize that S leriifolia, because of its functional properties, would be a good candidate to use as a nutraceutical product for improving memory in the elderly or patients affected by Alzheimer disease (ad). To test this hypothesis, we examined the cholinesterase inhibitory activity using the modified colorimetric Ellman's method against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The n-hexane exhibited the highest activity, with inhibitory concentration 50% (IC(50)) values of 0.59 and 0.21 mg/mL, for AChE and BChE, respectively. This extract was fractionated, and 9 of these fractions (A-I) were obtained and tested. Fraction G, characterized by the presence of sesquiterpenes as major components, was the most active against AChE (IC(50) = 0.05 mg/mL). Because oxidative stress is a critical event in the pathogenesis of AD, we decided to screen the antioxidant activity (AA) using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test, β-carotene bleaching test, and bovine brain peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid) assay. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest activity, with IC(50) values of 2 and 33 μg/mL on β-carotene bleaching test and thiobarbituric acid test, respectively. These results suggest potential health benefits of S leriifolia extracts. However, this finding requires additional investigation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and Nutrition, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Conforti F, Menichini F. Phenolic Compounds from Plants as Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2011; 18:1137-45. [DOI: 10.2174/092986711795029690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rigano D, Arnold NA, Conforti F, Menichini F, Formisano C, Piozzi F, Senatore F. Characterisation of the essential oil ofNepeta glomerataMontbret et Aucher ex Bentham from Lebanon and its biological activities. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:614-26. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.488623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Menichini F, Tundis R, Bonesi M, de Cindio B, Loizzo MR, Conforti F, Statti GA, Menabeni R, Bettini R, Menichini F. Chemical composition and bioactivity of Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation, cold-pressing and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:789-99. [PMID: 21337254 DOI: 10.1080/14786410902900085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition of the essential oil of Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante peel obtained by hydrodistillation, cold-pressing and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction techniques was determined by GC/MS analysis. Forty-six components were fully characterised. Limonene and γ-terpinene were the major components of the oils obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and cold-pressing (CP), while citropten was the major constituent in the oil obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities were evaluated. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation exerted the highest inhibitory activity against BChE (IC₅₀ value of 154.6 µg mL⁻¹) and AChE (IC₅₀ value of 171.3 µg mL⁻¹. Interestingly, the oil obtained by cold-pressing exhibited a selective inhibitory activity against AChE. The essential oils have also been evaluated for the inhibition of NO production in LPS induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The oil obtained by hydrodistillation exerted a significant inhibition of NO production with an IC₅₀ value of 17 µg mL⁻¹ (IC₅₀ of positive control 53 µg mL⁻¹).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Menichini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
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Menichini F, Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, Liu B, Jones P, Persaud SJ, Mastellone V, Lombardi P, Houghton PJ, Avallone L, Menichini F. C. medica cv Diamante peel chemical composition and influence on glucose homeostasis and metabolic parameters. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bonesi M, Okusa PN, Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Menichini F, Stévigny C, Duez P, Menichini F. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties and Anti-cholinesterase Activity of Cordia gilletii (Boraginaceae) Leaves Essential Oil. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate for the first time the chemical composition, the antioxidant properties and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Cordia gilletii De Wild (Boraginaceae). The essential oil, characterized by 23 constituents (90.1% of the total oil), was constituted by terpene derivatives (25.6%) and non-terpene derivatives (64.5%), among which aldehydes, fatty acids and alkanes were present with the percentage of 16.5%, 18.8% and 23.1%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of C. gilletii essential oil was screened by two in vitro tests: DPPH and β-carotene bleaching test. The essential oil revealed antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 75.0 and 129.9 μg/mL on DPPH radical and β-carotene decoloration tests, respectively. Moreover, C. gilletii inhibited AChE enzyme with an IC50 value of 105.6 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bonesi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Philippe N. Okusa
- Institut de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, de Bromatologie et de Nutrition Humaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 205/09, Bld du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Service de Chimie Thérapeutique et Pharmacognosie, Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Monica R. Loizzo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Federica Menichini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Caroline Stévigny
- Institut de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, de Bromatologie et de Nutrition Humaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 205/09, Bld du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Duez
- Institut de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, de Bromatologie et de Nutrition Humaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 205/09, Bld du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Service de Chimie Thérapeutique et Pharmacognosie, Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Francesco Menichini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
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Bonesi M, Okusa PN, Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Menichini F, Stévigny C, Duez P, Menichini F. Chemical composition, antioxidant properties and anti-cholinesterase activity of Cordia gilletii (Boraginaceae) leaves essential oil. Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6:253-257. [PMID: 21425688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate for the first time the chemical composition, the antioxidant properties and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Cordia gilletii De Wild (Boraginaceae). The essential oil, characterized by 23 constituents (90.1% of the total oil), was constituted by terpene derivatives (25.6%) and non-terpene derivatives (64.5%), among which aldehydes, fatty acids and alkanes were present with the percentage of 16.5%, 18.8% and 23.1%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of C. gilletii essential oil was screened by two in vitro tests: DPPH and beta-carotene bleaching test. The essential oil revealed antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 75.0 and 129.9 microg/mL on DPPH radical and beta-carotene decoloration tests, respectively. Moreover, C. gilletii inhibited AChE enzyme with an IC50 value of 105.6 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bonesi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, 1-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Statti GA, Conforti F, Menichini F, Marrelli M, Gangale C, Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, Menichini F. Protective effect of Hypericum calabricum Sprengel on oxidative damage and its inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.4067/s0716-97602011000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Chandrika UG, Abeysekera AM, Menichini F, Frega NG. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities on foodborne pathogens of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae) leaves extracts. J Food Sci 2010; 75:M291-5. [PMID: 20629886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Total water extract, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions from the leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus were evaluated for phenolic content, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities against some foodborne pathogens such as E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enterica, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of extract and fractions determined by the agar dilution method were ranged from 221.9 microg/mL for ethyl acetate fraction to 488.1 microg/mL for total extract. In the agar diffusion method the diameters of inhibition were 12.2 for the total extract, 10.7 and 11.5 for ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions, respectively. A. heterophyllus showed significant antioxidant activity tested in different in vitro systems (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and Fe(2+) chelating activity assay). In particular, in DPPH assay A. heterophyllus total extract exhibited a strong antiradical activity with an IC(50) value of 73.5 microg/mL while aqueous fraction exerted the highest activity in FRAP assay (IC(50) value of 72.0 microg/mL). The total phenols content by Folin-Ciocalteau method was determined with the purpose of testing its relationship with the antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Loizzo
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, Univ. of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Menichini F, Mudu P. Drug consumption and air pollution: an overview. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010; 19:1300-15. [PMID: 20927798 DOI: 10.1002/pds.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute respiratory symptoms are among the health effects of air pollution exposure. Studies over the past decades have linked respiratory drug use (consumption or sales) with changes in air pollution conditions. METHODS Twenty-one studies were analyzed to discuss whether increased levels of air pollution are associated with the use of medications for respiratory diseases. RESULTS Epidemiological studies agree that variation in the drug use is related to air pollution exposure. In panel studies, although asthmatics are more sensitive to air pollution effects, the increase in drug use was comparable and similar to non-asthmatics. Ecological studies confirm a significant association in respiratory drug sales depending on the selected lags (that is the time elapsing between air pollution measurement and the resulting drug use). The results of a meta-analysis of two ecological studies showed an increase in risk for increase in daily mean concentration of some pollutant (10 µg m(-3) ). For Black Smoke RR=1.007 (95% CI 1.004-1.011) for lag 1, and RR=1.008 (95% CI 1.005-1.010) for lag 8. For Nitrogen dioxide, RR=1.008 (95% CI 1.005-1.012) for lag 8 and for Sulfur dioxide, RR=1.005 (95% CI 1.001-1.010) for lag 9. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of drug use provides useful data for the evaluation of risks which derive from exposure to air pollution. More studies are needed to measure the effects of air pollution on respiratory medication use. Lags of up to 14 days have to be considered and the pollutants to be considered should include particulate matter and ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Menichini
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
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Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Menichini F. Natural products as alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and their hypoglycaemic potential in the treatment of diabetes: an update. Mini Rev Med Chem 2010; 10:315-31. [PMID: 20470247 DOI: 10.2174/138955710791331007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, can significantly reduce the post-prandial increase of blood glucose and therefore can be an important strategy in the management of blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic and borderline patients. Currently, there is renewed interest in plant-based medicines and functional foods modulating physiological effects in the prevention and cure of diabetes and obesity. The plant kingdom is a wide field to search for natural effective oral hypoglycaemic agents that have slight or no side effects. More than ca. 1200 plant species have been recorded to be used empirically worldwide for their alleged hypoglycaemic activity. Therefore, natural alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitors from plant sources offer an attractive strategy for the control of hyperglycaemia. This article reviews recent data on plant extracts and isolated natural compounds that are being tested for their hypglycaemic activity, highlights ongoing research and considers the future persepctives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tundis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036-I Rende (CS), Italy.
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44
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Menichini F, Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, Provenzano E, de Cindio B, Menichini F. In vitro photo-induced cytotoxic activity of Citrus bergamia and C. medica L. cv. Diamante peel essential oils and identified active coumarins. Pharm Biol 2010; 48:1059-65. [PMID: 20690896 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903486636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The search for innovative therapeutic approaches is gaining more interest in clinical oncology. OBJECTIVE In the present investigation we reported the chemical profile and the photo-induced cytotoxic activity of two endemic Calabrian Citrus species (Rutaceae): Citrus bergamia Risso & Poit. and Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante. MATERIALS AND METHODS Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. In order to evaluate the cytotoxic activity two melanoma models, such as amelanotic melanoma C32 and malignant melanoma A375, were used. RESULTS The essential oil of C. bergamia was characterized by limonene, linalyl acetate, gamma-terpinene, linalool and beta-pinene as major components. The most abundant compounds of C. medica cv. Diamante oil were limonene, gamma-terpinene, citral, geranial, beta-pinene and alpha-pinene. Two coumarins, bergapten and citropten, were also identified in C. bergamia and C. medica cv. Diamante, respectively and tested for biological activity. Both C. bergamia and C. medica cv. Diamante oils exhibited a selective interesting activity against the A375 cell line with IC(50) values of 79.3 and 89.1 microg/mL, respectively, after 100 min exposure to UV irradiation. The strong antiproliferative activity demonstrated with bergapten (IC(50) value of 71.3 microg/mL after 20 min of irradiation) was not found with citropten. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our study suggested that UV irradiation is effective in activating essential oils and in particular bergapten. This phototoxicity may be considered as a treatment option in some cases of lentigo maligna or lentigo maligna melanoma.
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MESH Headings
- 5-Methoxypsoralen
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/analysis
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/radiation effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/radiation effects
- Citrus/chemistry
- Coumarins/analysis
- Coumarins/chemistry
- Coumarins/pharmacology
- Coumarins/radiation effects
- Drug Discovery
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Amelanotic/drug therapy
- Methoxsalen/analogs & derivatives
- Methoxsalen/analysis
- Methoxsalen/chemistry
- Methoxsalen/pharmacology
- Methoxsalen/radiation effects
- Oils, Volatile/chemistry
- Oils, Volatile/pharmacology
- Oils, Volatile/radiation effects
- Photochemotherapy
- Phytotherapy
- Time Factors
- Ultraviolet Rays
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Menichini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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45
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Loizzo MR, Menichini F, Tundis R, Bonesi M, Nadjafi F, Saab AM, Frega NG, Menichini F. Comparative chemical composition and antiproliferative activity of aerial parts of Salvia leriifolia Benth. and Salvia acetabulosa L. essential oils against human tumor cell in vitro models. J Med Food 2010; 13:62-9. [PMID: 20136437 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to examine the chemical composition and antiproliferative activity of Salvia leriifolia Benth. and Salvia acetabulosa L. oils. S. leriifolia oil was characterized by 50 components, whereas 19 components were identified in S. acetabulosa. S. leriifolia oil was characterized by camphor (10.5%), 1,8-cineole (8.6%), camphene (6.2%), and alpha-pinene (4.7%). alpha-Pinene (52.3%), 1,8-cineole (27.7%), and camphor (6.7%) were the major components in S. acetabulosa oil. Both oils exerted a strong antiproliferative activity comparing with vinblastine against COR-L23 with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values of 7.5 and 6.5 microg/mL for S. leriifolia and S. acetabulosa, respectively. Salvia oils showed an interesting activity also on C32 (IC(50) = 6.3 and 9.1 microg/mL for S. acetabulosa and S. leriifolia, respectively). S. acetabulosa was also found to possess cytotoxic activity against renal adenocarcinoma (IC(50) = 6.8 microg/mL). The results clearly showed that for both Salvia species the antiproliferative activity could not be related to the major abundant compounds. Consequently, the minor components may be involved in some type of synergism with the other active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy.
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46
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Conforti F, Vaccaro A, Loizzo MR, Statti GA, Autelitano G, Menichini F. Effects on free radicals and inhibition of α-amylase of Cardamine battagliae (Cruciferae), an apoendemic Calabrian (southern Italy) plant. Nat Prod Res 2010; 22:101-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410600885612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Conforti
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Calabria , I-87036 , Rende (CS) , Italy
| | - A. Vaccaro
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Calabria , I-87036 , Rende (CS) , Italy
| | - M. R. Loizzo
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Calabria , I-87036 , Rende (CS) , Italy
| | - G. A. Statti
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Calabria , I-87036 , Rende (CS) , Italy
| | - G. Autelitano
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Calabria , I-87036 , Rende (CS) , Italy
| | - F. Menichini
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Calabria , I-87036 , Rende (CS) , Italy
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47
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Said A, Tundis R, Hawas UW, El-Kousy SM, Rashed K, Menichini F, Bonesi M, Huefner A, Loizzo MR, Menichinib F. In vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of flavonoids from Ailanthus excelsa (Roxb.) (Simaroubaceae) leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 65:180-6. [PMID: 20469635 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2010-3-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, and the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Ailanthus excelsa, a plant used in Egyptian traditional medicine. Chromatographic separation of a methanol extract of A. excelsa leaves yielded four flavones, namely apigenin (1), apigenin 7-O-beta-glucoside (2), luteolin (3), and luteolin 7-O-beta-glucoside (4), and seven flavonols, namely kaempferol (5), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-arabinoside (6), kaempferol 3-O-beta-galactoside (7), quercetin (8), quercetin 3-O-alpha-arabinoside (9), quercetin 3-O-beta-galactoside (10), and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (11). The A. excelsa extract tested in different in vitro systems (DPPH and FRAP assays) showed significant antioxidant activity. The potential antiproliferative activity of the A. excelsa extract and isolated flavonoids against five human cancer cell lines such as ACHN, COR-L23, A375, C32, and A549 was investigated in vitro by the SRB assay in comparison with one normal cell line, 142BR. The extract exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against C32 cells with an IC50 value of 36.5 microg ml(-1). Interesting activity against COR-L23 was found with 10 (IC50 value of 3.2 microg ml(-1)). Compounds 1 and 3 inhibited cell growth in both amelanotic melanoma and malignant melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ataa Said
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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48
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Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Menichini F, Pugliese A, Bonesi M, Solimene U, Menichini F. Chelating, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic potential of Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. bulb extracts. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2010; 61:780-91. [PMID: 20465433 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2010.482521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The metal chelating activity, antioxidant properties and the effect on carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzyme inhibition of Muscari comosum extracts have been investigated. M. comosum bulbs contain a total amount of the phenols with a value of 56.6 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent per gram of extract and a flavonoid content of 23.4 mg quercetin equivalent per gram of extract. In order to evaluate the non-polar constituents, n-hexane extract was obtained. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of fatty acids and ethyl esters as major constituents, with different aldehydes and alkanes as minor components. Ethanolic extract had the highest ferric-reducing ability power (66.7 μM Fe(II)/g) and DPPH scavenging activity with a concentration giving 50% inhibition (IC₅₀) value of 40.9 μg/ml. Moreover, this extract exhibited a good hypoglycaemic activity with IC₅₀ values of 81.3 and 112.8 μg/ml for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. In conclusion, M. comosum bulbs show promising antioxidant and hypoglycaemic activity via the inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes. These activities may be of interest from a functional point of view and for the revalorization of this ancient non-cultivated vegetable of Mediterranean traditional gastronomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
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Bonesi M, Menichini F, Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Conforti F, Passalacqua NG, Statti GA, Menichini F. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of Pinus species essential oils and their constituents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:622-8. [DOI: 10.3109/14756360903389856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bonesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Federica Menichini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Monica R. Loizzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Nicodemo G. Passalacqua
- Natural History Museum of Calabria and Botanic Garden, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Giancarlo A. Statti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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50
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Conforti F, Tundis R, Marrelli M, Menichini F, Statti GA, De Cindio B, Menichini F, Houghton PJ. Protective Effect of Pimpinella anisoides Ethanolic Extract and Its Constituents on Oxidative Damage and Its Inhibition of Nitric Oxide in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. J Med Food 2010; 13:137-41. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Federica Menichini
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giancarlo A. Statti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Bruno De Cindio
- Department of Engineering Modeling, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Peter J. Houghton
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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