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Pharande RR, Majee SB, Gaikwad SS, Moregoankar SD, Bannalikar A, Doiphode A, Gandge R, Dighe D, Ingle S, Mukherjee S. Evolutionary analysis of rabies virus using the partial Nucleoprotein and Glycoprotein gene in Mumbai region of India. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33544071 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 1.7 million cases of dog bites are reported every year in India and many cases of animal rabies are left unattended and undiagnosed. Therefore, a mere diagnosis of rabies is not sufficient to understand the epidemiology and the spread of the rabies virus (RV) in animals. There is a paucity of information about the evolutionary dynamics of RV in dogs and its biodiversity patterns in India. In total, 50 dog-brain samples suspected of rabies were screened by the nucleoprotein- (N) and glycoprotein- (G) gene PCR. The N and G genes were subsequently sequenced to understand the molecular evolution in these genes. The phylogenetic analysis of the N gene revealed that six isolates in the Mumbai region belonged to a single Arctic lineage. Time-scaled phylogeny by Bayesian coalescent analysis of the partial N gene revealed that the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for the sequences belonged to the cluster from 2006.68 with a highest posterior density of 95 % betweeen 2005-2008, which is assigned to Indian lineage I. Migration pattern revealed a strong Bayes factor between Mumbai to Delhi, Panji to Hyderabad, Delhi to Chennai, and Chennai to Chandigarh. Phylogenetic analysis of the G gene revealed that the RVs circulating in the Mumbai region are divided into three lineages. Time-scaled phylogeny by the Bayesian coalescent analysis method estimated that the TMRCA for sequences under study was from 1993 and Indian clusters was from 1962. In conclusion, the phylogenetic analysis of the N gene revealed that six isolates belonged to single Arctic lineages along with other Indian isolates and they were clustered into a single lineage but divided into three clades based on the G-gene sequences. The present study highlights and enhances the current molecular epidemiology and evolution of RV and revealed strong location bias and geographical clustering within Indian isolates on the basis of N and G genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharmila Badal Majee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai-400012, India
| | - Satish S Gaikwad
- Animal Biotechnology Educational and Research Cell, COVAS, Parbhani, India
| | | | | | - Aakash Doiphode
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, KNPCVS, Shirval, Pune, India
| | - Rajashri Gandge
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai, India
| | - Dhananjay Dighe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Sonal Ingle
- Animal Biotechnology, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcione B. De Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Zoology, National Museum, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Cibele R. Bonvicino
- Graduate Program in Zoology, National Museum, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil
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Moreira IL, de Sousa DER, Ferreira-Junior JA, de Castro MB, Fino TCM, Borges JRJ, Soto-Blanco B, Câmara ACL. Paralytic rabies in a goat. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:338. [PMID: 30419906 PMCID: PMC6233588 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paralytic form of rabies is frequent in cattle in Latin America, but it is uncommon in goats. There are few clinical reports on furious rabies affecting goats, and the sporadic cases of rabid goats from surveillance programs worldwide lack clinical data. Furthermore, few studies reported the cerebrospinal fluid findings in rabid livestock. Case presentation On a farm in Midwestern Brazil, six of 47 Saanen goats died within one week. No vaccination protocols were implemented on the farm and the owner stated bat bites history on the livestock. Although rabies is endemic in Brazil, livestock vaccination is not mandatory. One 1-year-old buck was evaluated and showed non-specific clinical signs evolving within 12-h to nervous signs. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed mononuclear pleocytosis, hyperproteinemia and high glucose levels. At necropsy, no gross lesions were present. Microscopically, discrete to moderate perivascular lymphoplasmacytic cuffing in gray and white matter, neuronal necrosis, neuronophagia, and mononuclear ganglioneuritis was observed in the brainstem and cervical spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong anti-rabies virus immunostaining. Fresh central nervous system samples were positive for rabies in direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT) and mouse intracerebral inoculation test (MIT). Exposed livestock recommendations included immediate vaccination, a strict isolation period of 90 days, and booster vaccinations during the third and eighth weeks. Conclusion IHC revealed the widespread distribution of rabies virus antigen in the goat’s CNS, contrasting the discrete pathological changes. In this goat, definitive diagnosis of paralytic rabies was obtained through the association of epidemiological, clinical, laboratorial, pathological findings (histology and IHC) and gold standard confirmatory tests (dFAT and MIT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Louzada Moreira
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Galpão 4, Granja do Torto, Brasília, DF, 70636-200, Brazil
| | - Davi Emanuel Ribeiro de Sousa
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Via L4 Norte s/n, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-970, Brazil
| | - Jair Alves Ferreira-Junior
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Via L4 Norte s/n, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-970, Brazil
| | - Márcio Botelho de Castro
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Via L4 Norte s/n, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-970, Brazil
| | - Tayná Cardim Morais Fino
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Galpão 4, Granja do Torto, Brasília, DF, 70636-200, Brazil
| | - José Renato Junqueira Borges
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Galpão 4, Granja do Torto, Brasília, DF, 70636-200, Brazil
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31275-013, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Carlos Lopes Câmara
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Galpão 4, Granja do Torto, Brasília, DF, 70636-200, Brazil
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Itou T, Fukayama T, Mochizuki N, Kobayashi Y, Deberaldini ER, Carvalho AAB, Ito FH, Sakai T. Molecular epidemiological tracing of a cattle rabies outbreak lasting less than a month in Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:87. [PMID: 26868014 PMCID: PMC4751707 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-1898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vampire bat-transmitted cattle rabies cases are typically encountered in areas where the disease is endemic. However, over the period of a month in 2009, an outbreak of cattle rabies occurred and then ended spontaneously in a small area of the Rio Grande do Sul State in southern Brazil. To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of this rabies outbreak in Rio Grande do Sul, 26 nucleotide sequences of rabies virus (RABV) genomes that were collected in this area were analyzed phylogenetically. Results Nucleotide sequence identities of the nucleoprotein gene and G–L intergenic region of the 26 RABVs were greater than 99.6 %. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all RABVs clustered with the vampire bat-related cattle RABV strains and that the RABVs were mainly distributed in southern Brazil. Conclusions The findings of the present study suggested that a small population of rabid vampire bats carrying a single RABV strain produced a spatiotemporally restricted outbreak of cattle rabies in southern Brazil. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-016-1898-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Itou
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Toshiharu Fukayama
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Mochizuki
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Eduardo R Deberaldini
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Adolorata A B Carvalho
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Fumio H Ito
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de paiva, 87, Cidade Universtiátria, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Takeo Sakai
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
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Abstract
Recent studies have clearly shown that bats are the reservoir hosts of a wide diversity of novel viruses with representatives from most of the known animal virus families. In many respects bats make ideal reservoir hosts for viruses: they are the only mammals that fly, thus assisting in virus dispersal; they roost in large numbers, thus aiding transmission cycles; some bats hibernate over winter, thus providing a mechanism for viruses to persist between seasons; and genetic factors may play a role in the ability of bats to host viruses without resulting in clinical disease. Within the broad diversity of viruses found in bats are some important neurological pathogens, including rabies and other lyssaviruses, and Hendra and Nipah viruses, two recently described viruses that have been placed in a new genus, Henipaviruses in the family Paramyxoviridae. In addition, bats can also act as alternative hosts for the flaviviruses Japanese encephalitis and St Louis encephalitis viruses, two important mosquito-borne encephalitogenic viruses, and bats can assist in the dispersal and over-wintering of these viruses. Bats are also the reservoir hosts of progenitors of SARS and MERS coronaviruses, although other animals act as spillover hosts. This chapter presents the physiological and ecological factors affecting the ability of bats to act as reservoirs of neurotropic viruses, and describes the major transmission cycles leading to human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Shoshkes Reiss
- Departments of Biology and Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York USA
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Berger F, Desplanches N, Baillargeaux S, Joubert M, Miller M, Ribadeau-Dumas F, Spiegel A, Bourhy H. Rabies Risk: Difficulties Encountered during Management of Grouped Cases of Bat Bites in 2 Isolated Villages in French Guiana. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2258. [PMID: 23826400 PMCID: PMC3694830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In French Guiana, from 1984 to 2011, 14 animal rabies cases and 1 human rabies case (2008) were diagnosed. In January 2011, vampire-bat attacks occurred in 2 isolated villages. In mid-January, a medical team from the Cayenne Centre for Anti-Rabies Treatment visited the sites to manage individuals potentially exposed to rabies and, in April, an anti-rabies vaccination campaign for dogs was conducted. Twenty individuals were bitten by bats in 1 month, most frequently on the feet. The median time to start management was 15 days. The complete Zagreb vaccination protocol (2 doses on day 0 and 1 dose on days 7 and 21) was administered to 16 patients, 12 also received specific immunoglobulins. The antibody titration was obtained for 12 patients (different from those who received immunoglobulins). The antibody titers were ≥0.5 EU/mL for all of them. The serology has not been implemented for the 12 patients who received immunoglobulins. Accidental destruction of a vampire-bat colony could be responsible for the attacks. The isolation and absence of sensitization of the populations were the main explanations for the management difficulties encountered. Sensitization programs should be conducted regularly. Rabies is a disease almost invariably fatal in humans once the first clinical signs appear. In French Guiana bats represent the virus reservoir, especially vampire bats. From 1984 to 2011, 14 animal rabies cases and 1 human rabies case (2008) were diagnosed. In case of bat bite, anti-rabies immunoglobulins (RIG) and rabies vaccine must be rapidly administrated. The specific rabies management is exclusively performed by Centre for Anti-Rabies Treatment (CART), located at the Institut Pasteur in Cayenne, the prefecture of French Guiana, and 6 Anti-Rabies Treatment Outposts distributed along the coastal edge and along the two main rivers. Only a CART physician can administer RIG. In January 2011, vampire-bat attacks occurred in 2 isolated villages. In mid-January, a medical team from the CART visited the sites to manage individuals potentially exposed to rabies and, in April, an anti-rabies vaccination campaign for dogs was conducted. The most relevant contribution of this study is to underline difficulties to provide rabies post-exposure prophylaxis to remote populations exposed to bat rabies in the Amazonian region and to show the lack of awareness of these rural populations concerning rabies and the risk associated to vampire bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Berger
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Manuelle Miller
- Direction de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Forêt de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - André Spiegel
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de Référence de la Rage, Paris, France
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Meynard JB, Flamand C, Dupuy C, Mahamat A, Eltges F, Queuche F, Renner J, Fontanella JM, Hommel D, Dussart P, Grangier C, Djossou F, Dacheux L, Goudal M, Berger F, Ardillon V, Krieger N, Bourhy H, Spiegel A. First human rabies case in French Guiana, 2008: epidemiological investigation and control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1537. [PMID: 22363830 PMCID: PMC3283561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until 2008, human rabies had never been reported in French Guiana. On 28 May 2008, the French National Reference Center for Rabies (Institut Pasteur, Paris) confirmed the rabies diagnosis, based on hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction on skin biopsy and saliva specimens from a Guianan, who had never travelled overseas and died in Cayenne after presenting clinically typical meningoencephalitis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Molecular typing of the virus identified a Lyssavirus (Rabies virus species), closely related to those circulating in hematophagous bats (mainly Desmodus rotundus) in Latin America. A multidisciplinary Crisis Unit was activated. Its objectives were to implement an epidemiological investigation and a veterinary survey, to provide control measures and establish a communications program. The origin of the contamination was not formally established, but was probably linked to a bat bite based on the virus type isolated. After confirming exposure of 90 persons, they were vaccinated against rabies: 42 from the case's entourage and 48 healthcare workers. To handle that emergence and the local population's increased demand to be vaccinated, a specific communications program was established using several media: television, newspaper, radio. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE This episode, occurring in the context of a Department far from continental France, strongly affected the local population, healthcare workers and authorities, and the management team faced intense pressure. This observation confirms that the risk of contracting rabies in French Guiana is real, with consequences for population educational program, control measures, medical diagnosis and post-exposure prophylaxis.
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Kobayashi Y, Suzuki Y, Itou T, Ito FH, Sakai T, Gojobori T. Evolutionary history of dog rabies in Brazil. J Gen Virol 2010; 92:85-90. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.026468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Vieira L, Pereira S, Brandão P, Oliveira R, Carnieli-Junior P, Galante A, Chicarino C, Kotait I. Caracterização molecular do vírus da raiva isolado de Desmodus rotundus capturados no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352010000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Caracterizou-se filogeneticamente o vírus da raiva, isolado de morcegos hematógafos (Demodus rotundus). Cento e noventa e nove D. rotundus foram capturados em cinco abrigos, no Norte e Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e sul do Espírito Santo. Sete deles foram positivos para a raiva. Amostras desses vírus foram sequenciadas e comparadas com sequências provenientes de diversos estados brasileiros. As sequências de vírus da raiva isoladas, na região norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, mostraram características que as distinguem de amostras de vírus isoladas em outras regiões do país, no entanto foram idênticas às isoladas de bovinos no noroeste do Rio de Janeiro.
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Sodré MM, Gama ARD, Almeida MFD. Updated list of bat species positive for rabies in Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2010; 52:75-81. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652010000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an updated list of bat species positive for rabies in Brazil. It was developed based on database research via the internet, of international and national literature and annals of the most important technical and scientific meetings related to rabies and chiroptera in Brazil from 1996 to 2009. The new list of rabies positive bats consists of 41 species, belonging to 25 genera and three families: Phyllostomidae 43.9%, Vespertilionidae 29.3% and Molossidae 26.8%. In addition, questions were raised regarding the lack of data, including sex, age, circumstances and location of bat capture and incomplete and outdated species identification. Results of genetic and antigenic studies performed on Brazilian rabies positive bats were shown.
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Genetic characterization of Rabies virus isolated from cattle between 1997 and 2002 in an epizootic area in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Virus Res 2009; 144:215-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 05/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Molecular characterization of Rabies Virus isolates from dogs and crab-eating foxes in Northeastern Brazil. Virus Res 2009; 141:81-9. [PMID: 19185599 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-eight samples of Rabies Virus isolated from dogs and crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) in Northeastern Brazil were characterized genetically by analyzing the G gene and the psi region. The results show that there are two groups of Rabies Virus lineages circulating among domestic and wild animals in the region. The topologies of the phylogenetic trees of the G gene and psi region are similar and reveal the existence of geographic groups. The genetic diversity of the lineages isolated from wild animals (wild group) was approximately twice that of the lineages isolated from domestic animals (domestic group), and the genetic distance between the two groups was 9.93%. Polymorphism analysis revealed specific intra- and inter-group molecular signatures for both the G gene and psi region. Together with the analysis of the N gene undertaken previously, the results of this study confirm the existence of a Rabies Virus phylogroup in Northeastern Brazil (NB) circulating in the C. thous population, making this species a rabies biotype in the region.
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Carnieli P, Fahl WDO, Castilho JG, Oliveira RDN, Macedo CI, Durymanova E, Jorge RSP, Morato RG, Spíndola RO, Machado LM, Ungar de Sá JE, Carrieri ML, Kotait I. Characterization of Rabies virus isolated from canids and identification of the main wild canid host in Northeastern Brazil. Virus Res 2008; 131:33-46. [PMID: 17889396 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The rabies cases in dogs and wild canids in Northeastern Brazil are a public and animal health problem. This paper describes the identities of the coding region of the N-gene of Rabies virus (RABV) isolated in canids from Northeastern Brazil. The genetic tree generated using the sequence data described here divided the cluster BRAZILAN CANIDS into two subclusters (DOG-RELATED STRAINS and WILD CANID-RELATED STRAINS) with identities greater than those already described. The two subclusters are sub-divided into geographic groups related to the origin of the isolates, suggesting a long-standing ecological coexistence of the sequence types characteristic of the groups. This article also analyzes the 513-nucleotide stretch of the mitochondrial DNA control region of rabies-positive canids from Northeastern Brazil with a view to identifying the main RABV host among them. Among the four species of wild canids found in the region, two (Cerdocyon thous and Pseudalopex vetulus) are frequently associated with rabies. Phylogenetic analysis of sequence data generated from mtDNA suggests that C. thous is the main wild canid host in the region. The results obtained in this study are in concordance with the zoology and ecology of wild canids, and thus, help improve epidemiologic vigilance of rabies and allow a more targeted control of the disease.
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KOBAYASHI Y, OKUDA H, NAKAMURA K, SATO G, ITOU T, CARVALHO AAB, SILVA MV, MOTA CS, ITO FH, SAKAI T. Genetic Analysis of Phosphoprotein and Matrix Protein of Rabies Viruses Isolated in Brazil. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 69:1145-54. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Go SATO
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center
| | | | - Adolorata A. B. CARVALHO
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane
| | - Marlon V. SILVA
- Jorge Vaitsmann Municipal Institute, Av. Bartolomeu de Gusmão
| | - Carla S. MOTA
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universtiátria
| | - Fumio H. ITO
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universtiátria
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Kobayashi Y, Inoue N, Sato G, Itou T, Santos HP, Brito CJC, Gomes AAB, Santos MFC, Silva MV, Mota CS, Ito FH, Sakai T. Phylogenetic Characterization of Rabies Virus Isolates from Carnivora in Brazil. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 69:691-6. [PMID: 17675798 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of canine rabies has been widely reported in Brazil, and new rabies virus (RV) variants, genetically similar to canine RV, have recently been isolated from foxes. In order to derive the epidemiological characteristics of Brazilian Carnivora RV, Brazilian RVs isolated from dogs, cats, and foxes were genetically analyzed. Brazilian Carnivora RV isolates were divided into 2 main lineages. The predominant lineage was found in dogs and cats, which included the Argentinean and Bolivian Carnivora RV isolates, and was extensively distributed throughout Brazil and surrounding countries. The other lineage consisted of three sublineages containing Brazilian dog and fox RV isolates, with the dog sublineages located on an internal branch of 2 fox sublineages, suggesting that RV transmission events might have occurred between foxes and dogs in the past. These results suggest that contact between dogs and wildlife has the potential to generate new rabies variants and that it is important to control RV infection cycles in both dogs and wildlife to prevent spread of rabies infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kobayashi
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
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