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Paskey AC, Lim XF, Ng JHJ, Rice GK, Chia WN, Philipson CW, Foo R, Cer RZ, Long KA, Lueder MR, Glang L, Frey KG, Hamilton T, Mendenhall IH, Smith GJ, Anderson DE, Wang LF, Bishop-Lilly KA. Genomic Characterization of a Relative of Mumps Virus in Lesser Dawn Bats of Southeast Asia. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030659. [PMID: 36992368 PMCID: PMC10053730 DOI: 10.3390/v15030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of genomic surveillance on emerging diseases continues to be highlighted with the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Here, we present an analysis of a new bat-borne mumps virus (MuV) in a captive colony of lesser dawn bats (Eonycteris spelaea). This report describes an investigation of MuV-specific data originally collected as part of a longitudinal virome study of apparently healthy, captive lesser dawn bats in Southeast Asia (BioProject ID PRJNA561193) which was the first report of a MuV-like virus, named dawn bat paramyxovirus (DbPV), in bats outside of Africa. More in-depth analysis of these original RNA sequences in the current report reveals that the new DbPV genome shares only 86% amino acid identity with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of its closest relative, the African bat-borne mumps virus (AbMuV). While there is no obvious immediate cause for concern, it is important to continue investigating and monitoring bat-borne MuVs to determine the risk of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C. Paskey
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Xiao Fang Lim
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Justin H. J. Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Gregory K. Rice
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Wan Ni Chia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Casandra W. Philipson
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, USA
| | - Randy Foo
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Regina Z. Cer
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kyle A. Long
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Matthew R. Lueder
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Lindsay Glang
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Kenneth G. Frey
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Theron Hamilton
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ian H. Mendenhall
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Gavin J. Smith
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Danielle E. Anderson
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Correspondence:
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Barrón-Rodríguez RJ, Parra-Laca R, Rojas-Anaya E, Romero-Espinoza JÁI, Ayala-Sumuano JT, Vázquez-Pérez JA, García-Espinosa G, Loza-Rubio E. Evidence of Viral Communities in Three Species of Bats from Rural Environment in Mexico. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo J. Barrón-Rodríguez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal (CENID-Microbiología), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Carretera Federal México-Toluca km 15.5, Colonia Palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, Ciu
| | - Rocío Parra-Laca
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal (CENID-Microbiología), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Carretera Federal México-Toluca km 15.5, Colonia Palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, Ciu
| | - Edith Rojas-Anaya
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 3000, Colonia Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, CP 04510, México
| | - José Á. I. Romero-Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Del. Tlalpan, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14080, México
| | - Jorge T. Ayala-Sumuano
- Idix S.A. de C.V., Sonterra 3035 Interior 26, Fraccionamiento Sonterra, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro México, C.P. 76230, México
| | - Joel A. Vázquez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Del. Tlalpan, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14080, México
| | - Gary García-Espinosa
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 3000, Colonia Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, CP 04510, México
| | - Elizabeth Loza-Rubio
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal (CENID-Microbiología), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Carretera Federal México-Toluca km 15.5, Colonia Palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, Ciu
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3
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Divergent Viruses Discovered in Swine Alter the Understanding of Evolutionary History and Genetic Diversity of the Respirovirus Genus and Related Porcine Parainfluenza Viruses. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0024222. [PMID: 35647875 PMCID: PMC9241844 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00242-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paramyxoviridae is a rapidly growing family of viruses, whose potential for cross-species transmission makes it difficult to predict the harm of newly emerging viruses to humans and animals. To better understand their diversity, evolutionary history, and co-evolution with their hosts, we analyzed a collection of porcine parainfluenza virus (PPIV) genomes to reconstruct the species classification basis and evolutionary history of the Respirovirus genus. We sequenced 17 complete genomes of porcine respirovirus 1 (also known as porcine parainfluenza virus 1; PPIV-1), thereby nearly tripling the number of currently available PPIV-1 genomes. We found that PPIV-1 was widely prevalent in China with two divergent lineages, PPIV-1a and PPIV-1b. We further provided evidence that a new species, porcine parainfluenza virus 2 (PPIV-2), had recently emerged in China. Our results pointed to a need for revising the current species demarcation criteria of the Respirovirus genus. In addition, we used PPIV-1 as an example to explore recombination and diversity of the Respirovirus genus. Interestingly, we only detected heterosubtypic recombination events between PPIV-1a and PPIV-1b with no intrasubtypic recombination events. The recombination hotspots highlighted a diverse geography-dependent genome structure of paramyxovirus infecting swine in China. Furthermore, we found no evidence of co-evolution between respirovirus and its host, indicating frequent cross-species transmission. In summary, our analyses showed that swine can be infected with a broad range of respiroviruses and recombination may serve as an important evolutionary mechanism for the Respirovirus genus’ greater diversity in genome structure than previously anticipated. IMPORTANCE Livestock have emerged as critically underrecognized sources of paramyxovirus diversity, including pigs serving as the source of Nipah virus (NiV) and swine parainfluenza virus type 3, and goats and bovines harboring highly divergent viral lineages. Here, we identified a new species of Respirovirus genus named PPIV-2 in swine and proposed to revise the species demarcation criteria of the Respirovirus genus. We found heterosubtypic recombination events and high genetic diversity in PPIV-1. Further, we showed that genetic recombination may have occurred in the Respirovirus genus which may be associated with host range expansion. The continued expansion of Respirovirus genus diversity in livestock with relatively high human contact rates requires enhanced surveillance and ongoing evaluation of emerging cross-species transmission threats.
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Albarrán-Rodriguez RR, Castillo-Juarez H, Rivera-Benítez F, Campos-Montes GR, Espinosa B, Madrigal-Valencia TL, Jimenez ENS, Ramírez-Mendoza H. Assessment of the hemagglutinating activity of the Porcine orthorubulavirus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 80:101736. [PMID: 34906907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Blue eye disease (BED) in pigs is caused by Porcine orthorubulavirus (PRV) of the Paramyxoviridae family. It is an endemic disease in swine production in the central region of Mexico and causes nervous signs and high mortality in suckling pigs, pneumonia in growing pigs, orchitis in boars and mummification during gestation. PRV hemagglutinates most red blood cells (RBCs) of domestic species. For serological diagnosis, the hemagglutination inhibition test is used, and in this test, guinea pig, bovine and chicken RBCs have been commonly used. In this investigation, hemagglutination with PRV was evaluated using the RBCs of seven domestic species (chicken, bovine, horse, pig, dog, guinea pig and rabbit). In the hemagglutination test, the following parameters were evaluated: temperature (25 °C and 37 °C), bottoms of the wells (V and U), erythrocyte concentration (0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%), and reading time (15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min). Significant differences (P < 0.001) were found in most of the evaluated treatments. The best hemagglutination results were obtained with chicken, bovine and horse RBCs. The hemagglutination titer is higher (2 dilutions) when using chicken RBCs than when using bovine or horse RBCs. If chicken RBCs are used in the inhibition of hemagglutination, the test will be more sensitive, while it is more specific when bovine or horse RBCs are used. The hemagglutination readings are imprecise when using RBCs from dogs, pigs, guinea pigs and rabbits. RBCs from these species should not be used for the diagnosis or investigation of PRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodrigo Albarrán-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Facultad de Medicina, Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Hector Castillo-Juarez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Coyoacán, C.P. 04960 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Rivera-Benítez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Km. 15.5 Carretera México-Toluca, C.P. 05110 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Gabriel R Campos-Montes
- Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Coyoacán, C.P. 04960 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Blanca Espinosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, SSA, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, C.P.14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Tania Lucia Madrigal-Valencia
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Facultad de Medicina, Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Erika Nayeli Salazar Jimenez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Facultad de Medicina, Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Humberto Ramírez-Mendoza
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Facultad de Medicina, Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
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5
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Eptesicus fuscus Orthorubulavirus, a Close Relative of Human Parainfluenza Virus 4, Discovered in a Bat in South Dakota. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0093021. [PMID: 34668744 PMCID: PMC8528096 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00930-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are a reservoir for many zoonotic viruses and host large numbers of genetically diverse species in the families Rhabdoviridae, Coronaviridae, and Paramyxoviridae. Viruses from these families have repeatedly spilled over to humans in recent decades, causing significant clinical disease and deaths. Here, metagenomic sequencing of a big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) submitted for rabies testing due to human exposure identified a novel paramyxovirus, Eptesicus fuscus orthorubulavirus (EfORV), in South Dakota, United States. The nearly complete 15,814-nucleotide genome shared 72% identity with that of human parainfluenza virus 4 (HPIV4), a virus that causes significant clinical disease, typically bronchiolitis and pneumonia, in children less than 2 years of age. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed a close evolutionary history between EfORV and HPIV4, reminiscent of other orthorubulaviruses with highly similar bat and mammalian species, including conspecific human and bat mumps virus, mammalian parainfluenza virus 5 and bat Alston virus, and porcine La Piedad Michoacán virus and bat Mapuera virus. These results support the idea that bats are a reservoir for diverse paramyxoviruses with closely shared evolutionary histories, compared with a number of significant human pathogens, and expand the range of bat paramyxoviruses to North America. Given the propensity of paramyxoviruses to overcome species barriers, additional surveillance and characterization of EfORV are warranted. IMPORTANCE Bats are a reservoir of large numbers of viruses. Among bat-borne zoonotic viruses, members of Coronaviridae and Paramyxoviridae have had the largest impact on human health. The repeated spillover of bat viruses to humans, often with devastating results, has led to increased surveillance and virus discovery efforts in hot spots for virus emergence, largely Asia and Africa. Apart from rabies virus, little surveillance of viruses in bats is performed in North America. Here, viral metagenomic sequencing identified a close relative to HPIV4 in a big brown bat found in a motel room in South Dakota. The virus, EfORV, was 72% identical to HPIV4, which causes clinically significant respiratory disease, mainly in children; it represents the first bat paramyxovirus identified in North America. Close genetic relationships between bat and mammalian orthorubulaviruses underscore the importance of bats as a reservoir for zoonotic viruses.
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Barrón-Rodríguez RJ, Rojas-Anaya E, Ayala-Sumuano JT, Romero-Espinosa JÁI, Vázquez-Pérez JA, Cortés-Cruz M, García-Espinosa G, Loza-Rubio E. Swine virome on rural backyard farms in Mexico: communities with different abundances of animal viruses and phages. Arch Virol 2021; 166:475-489. [PMID: 33394173 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Domestic swine have been introduced by humans into a wide diversity of environments and have been bred in different production systems. This has resulted in an increased risk for the occurrence and spread of diseases. Although viromes of swine in intensive farms have been described, little is known about the virus communities in backyard production systems around the world. The aim of this study was to describe the viral diversity of 23 healthy domestic swine maintained in rural backyards in Morelos, Mexico, through collection and analysis of nasal and rectal samples. Next-generation sequencing was used to identify viruses that are present in swine. Through homology search and bioinformatic analysis of reads and their assemblies, we found that rural backyard swine have a high degree of viral diversity, different from those reported in intensive production systems or under experimental conditions. There was a higher frequency of bacteriophages and lower diversity of animal viruses than reported previously. In addition, sapoviruses, bocaparvoviruses, and mamastroviruses that had not been reported previously in our country were identified. These findings were correlated with the health status of animals, their social interactions, and the breeding/rearing environment (which differed from intensive systems), providing baseline information about viral communities in backyard swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Jesús Barrón-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología en Salud Animal, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal (CENID-Microbiología), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), carretera federal México-Toluca km 15.5, colonia palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, P.C. 05110, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 3000, colonia Ciudad universitaria, Coyoacán, P.C. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edith Rojas-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología en Salud Animal, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal (CENID-Microbiología), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), carretera federal México-Toluca km 15.5, colonia palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, P.C. 05110, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Tonatiuh Ayala-Sumuano
- Idix S.A. de C.V., Sonterra 3035 interior 26, Fraccionamiento Sonterra, P.C. 76230, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - José Ángel Iván Romero-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Del. Tlalpan, colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, P.C. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joel Armando Vázquez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Del. Tlalpan, colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, P.C. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Cortés-Cruz
- Centro Nacional de Recursoso Genéticos (CNRG), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Boulevard de la biodiversidad 400, Rancho las Cruces, P.C. 47600, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gary García-Espinosa
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 3000, colonia Ciudad universitaria, Coyoacán, P.C. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Loza-Rubio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología en Salud Animal, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal (CENID-Microbiología), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), carretera federal México-Toluca km 15.5, colonia palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, P.C. 05110, Mexico City, Mexico.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcione B. De Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Zoology, National Museum, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Cibele R. Bonvicino
- Graduate Program in Zoology, National Museum, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil
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8
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Viruses in bats and potential spillover to animals and humans. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 34:79-89. [PMID: 30665189 PMCID: PMC7102861 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bats are a very important source of emerging viruses. Bat coronavirus, filovirus, paramyxovirus and reovirus are known zoonotic viruses. Many of the emergent bat viruses are highly lethal in livestock and humans. Past incidents and viral genetic features predict bat coronaviruses as the highest risk.
In the last two decades, several high impact zoonotic disease outbreaks have been linked to bat-borne viruses. These include SARS coronavirus, Hendra virus and Nipah virus. In addition, it has been suspected that ebolaviruses and MERS coronavirus are also linked to bats. It is being increasingly accepted that bats are potential reservoirs of a large number of known and unknown viruses, many of which could spillover into animal and human populations. However, our knowledge into basic bat biology and immunology is very limited and we have little understanding of major factors contributing to the risk of bat virus spillover events. Here we provide a brief review of the latest findings in bat viruses and their potential risk of cross-species transmission.
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9
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Kohl C, Tachedjian M, Todd S, Monaghan P, Boyd V, Marsh GA, Crameri G, Field H, Kurth A, Smith I, Wang LF. Hervey virus: Study on co-circulation with Henipaviruses in Pteropid bats within their distribution range from Australia to Africa. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191933. [PMID: 29390028 PMCID: PMC5794109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2011, an unusually large number of independent Hendra virus outbreaks were recorded on horse properties in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Urine from bat colonies adjacent to the outbreak sites were sampled and screened for Hendra and other viruses. Several novel paramyxoviruses were also isolated at different locations. Here one of the novel viruses, named Hervey virus (HerPV), is fully characterized by genome sequencing, annotation, phylogeny and in vitro host range, and its serological cross-reactivity and neutralization patterns are examined. HerPV may have ecological and spatial and temporal patterns similar to Hendra virus and could serve as a sentinel virus for the surveillance of this highly pathogenic virus. The suitability of HerPV as potential sentinel virus is further assessed by determining the serological prevalence of HerPV antibodies in fruit-eating bats from Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Tanzania and the Gulf of Guinea, indicating the presence of similar viruses in regions beyond the Australian border.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kohl
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Seestraße 10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mary Tachedjian
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shawn Todd
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Monaghan
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria Boyd
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn A. Marsh
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary Crameri
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hume Field
- Queensland Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, United States of America
| | - Andreas Kurth
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Seestraße 10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Smith
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (IS); (LFW)
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (IS); (LFW)
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10
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Santos-López G, Borraz-Argüello MT, Márquez-Domínguez L, Flores-Alonso JC, Ramírez-Mendoza H, Priem B, Fort S, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Reyes-Leyva J, Herrera-Camacho I. Neuraminidase activity of blue eye disease porcine rubulavirus: Specificity, affinity and inhibition studies. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:218-224. [PMID: 28502901 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Porcine rubulavirus (PorPV), also known as La Piedad Michoacan Virus (LPMV) causes encephalitis and reproductive failure in newborn and adult pigs, respectively. The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein is the most exposed and antigenic of the virus proteins. HN plays central roles in PorPV infection; i.e., it recognizes sialic acid-containing cell receptors that mediate virus attachment and penetration; in addition, its neuraminidase (sialic acid releasing) activity has been proposed as a virulence factor. This work describes the purification and characterization of PorPV HN protein (isolate PAC1). The specificity of neuraminidase is restricted to sialyl(α2,3)lactose (3SL). HN showed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with fetuin as substrate (km=0.029μM, Vmax=522.8nmolmin-1mg-1). When 3SL was used as substrate, typical cooperative kinetics were found (S50=0.15μM, Vmax=154.3nmolmin-1mg-1). The influenza inhibitor zanamivir inhibited the PorPV neuraminidase with IC50 of 0.24μM. PorPV neuraminidase was activated by Ca2+ and inhibited by nucleoside triphosphates with the level of inhibition depending on phosphorylation level. The present results open possibilities to study the role of neuraminidase in the pathogenicity of PorPV infection and its potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Santos-López
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - María T Borraz-Argüello
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Biotecnología Universidad Politécnica de Puebla, Calpan, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Luis Márquez-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Flores-Alonso
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Humberto Ramírez-Mendoza
- Departamento de producción Animal Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Bernard Priem
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Verónica Vallejo-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Julio Reyes-Leyva
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Irma Herrera-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
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11
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Zhai JQ, Zhai SL, Lin T, Liu JK, Wang HX, Li B, Zhang H, Zou SZ, Zhou X, Wu MF, Chen W, Luo ML. First complete genome sequence of parainfluenza virus 5 isolated from lesser panda. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1413-1418. [PMID: 28138777 PMCID: PMC7087075 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) is widespread in mammals and humans. Up to now, there is little information about PIV5 infection in lesser pandas. In this study, a PIV5 variant (named ZJQ-221) was isolated from a lesser panda with respiratory disease in Guangzhou zoo in Guangdong province, southern China. The full-length genome of ZJQ-221 was found to be 15,246 nucleotides and consisted of seven non-overlapping genes encoding eight proteins (i.e., NP, V, P, M, F, SH, HN and L). Sequence alignment and genetic analysis revealed that ZJQ-221 shared a close relationship with a PIV5 strain of canine-origin (1168-1) from South Korea. The findings of this study confirm the presence of PIV5 in lesser panda and indicate this mammal as a possible natural reservoir. Furthermore they highlight the urgent need to strengthen viral surveillance and control of PIV5 in zoo animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qiong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Shao-Lun Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - Jian-Kui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - He-Xing Wang
- Mengzi Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Mengzi, 661100 China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Shu-Zhan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Meng-Fan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Wu Chen
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, 510070 China
| | - Man-Lin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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12
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Cuevas-Romero JS, Blomström AL, Berg M. Molecular and epidemiological studies of Porcine rubulavirus infection - an overview. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2015; 5:29602. [PMID: 26584829 PMCID: PMC4653323 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v5.29602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine rubulavirus-La Piedad-Michoacan-Mexico virus (PorPV-LPMV) was identified as the causative agent of a viral disease that emerged spontaneously in Mexican swine in the 1980s. Since the report of the initial outbreak of the disease, only one full-length genome from a strain isolated in 1984 (PorPV-LPMV/1984) has been sequenced; sequence data are scarce from other isolates. The genetic variation of this virus that has spread throughout the main endemic region of Mexico is almost a complete mystery. The development of molecular techniques for improved diagnostics and to investigate the persistence, molecular epidemiology, and the possible reservoirs of PorPV are needed. Together, this will provide greater knowledge regarding the molecular genetic changes and useful data to establish new strategies in the control of this virus in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Sandra Cuevas-Romero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Disciplinarias en Microbiología Animal, INIFAP, México City, Mexico.,Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Anne-Lie Blomström
- Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Berg
- Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Rivera-Benitez JF, Martínez-Bautista R, Pérez-Torres A, García-Contreras ADC, Reyes-Leyva J, Hernández J, Ramírez-Mendoza H. Persistence of porcine rubulavirus in experimentally infected boars. Vet Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Cuevas-Romero S, Blomström AL, Alvarado A, Hernández-Jauregui P, Rivera-Benitez F, Ramírez-Mendoza H, Berg M. Development of a real-time RT-PCR method for detection of porcine rubulavirus (PoRV-LPMV). J Virol Methods 2013; 189:1-6. [PMID: 23305816 PMCID: PMC7113651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to provide a rapid and sensitive method for detection of the Porcine rubulavirus La Piedad-Michoacan-Mexico Virus (PoRV-LPMV), we have developed a specific real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay. The detection of PoRV-LPMV, represents a diagnostic challenge due to the viral RNA being present in very small amounts in tissue samples. In this study, a TaqMan(®) real-time PCR assay was designed based on the phosphoprotein gene of PoRV-LPMV, to allow specific amplification and detection of viral RNA in clinical samples. Assay conditions for the primers and probe were optimized using infected PK15 cells and ten-fold serial dilutions of a plasmid containing the whole P-gene. The sensitivity of the developed TaqMan(®) assay was approximately 10 plasmid copies per reaction, and was shown to be 1000 fold better than a conventional nested RT-PCR. The performance of this real-time RT-PCR method enables studies of various aspects of PoRV-LPMV infection. Finally, the assay detects all current known variants of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cuevas-Romero
- Division of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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15
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Novel, potentially zoonotic paramyxoviruses from the African straw-colored fruit bat Eidolon helvum. J Virol 2012; 87:1348-58. [PMID: 23152534 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01202-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats carry a variety of paramyxoviruses that impact human and domestic animal health when spillover occurs. Recent studies have shown a great diversity of paramyxoviruses in an urban-roosting population of straw-colored fruit bats in Ghana. Here, we investigate this further through virus isolation and describe two novel rubulaviruses: Achimota virus 1 (AchPV1) and Achimota virus 2 (AchPV2). The viruses form a phylogenetic cluster with each other and other bat-derived rubulaviruses, such as Tuhoko viruses, Menangle virus, and Tioman virus. We developed AchPV1- and AchPV2-specific serological assays and found evidence of infection with both viruses in Eidolon helvum across sub-Saharan Africa and on islands in the Gulf of Guinea. Longitudinal sampling of E. helvum indicates virus persistence within fruit bat populations and suggests spread of AchPVs via horizontal transmission. We also detected possible serological evidence of human infection with AchPV2 in Ghana and Tanzania. It is likely that clinically significant zoonotic spillover of chiropteran paramyxoviruses could be missed throughout much of Africa where health surveillance and diagnostics are poor and comorbidities, such as infection with HIV or Plasmodium sp., are common.
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16
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Clayton BA, Wang LF, Marsh GA. Henipaviruses: an updated review focusing on the pteropid reservoir and features of transmission. Zoonoses Public Health 2012; 60:69-83. [PMID: 22709528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The henipaviruses, Hendra virus and Nipah virus, are pathogens that have emerged from flying foxes in Australia and South-east Asia to infect both livestock and humans, often fatally. Since the emergence of Hendra virus in Australia in 1994 and the identification of Australian flying foxes as hosts to this virus, our appreciation of bats as reservoir hosts of henipaviruses has expanded globally to include much of Asia and areas of Africa. Despite this, little is currently known of the mechanisms by which bats harbour viruses capable of causing such severe disease in other terrestrial mammals. Pteropid bat ecology, henipavirus virology, therapeutic developments and features of henipavirus infection, pathology and disease in humans and other mammals are reviewed elsewhere in detail. This review focuses on bats as reservoir hosts to henipaviruses and features of transmission of Hendra virus and Nipah virus following spillover from these reservoir hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Clayton
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Vic., Australia
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17
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Morens DM, Holmes EC, Davis AS, Taubenberger JK. Global rinderpest eradication: lessons learned and why humans should celebrate too. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:502-5. [PMID: 21653230 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David M Morens
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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18
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Komada H, Kawano M, Uefuji A, Ito M, Tsurudome M, Hatakeyama E, Nakanishi M, Sakue S, Joh C, Suzumura E, Tamaki T, Tomioka T, Nishio M, Tsumura H, Uematsu J, Yamamoto H, O'Brien M, Bando H, Ito Y. Completion of the full-length genome sequence of human parainfluenza virus types 4A and 4B: sequence analysis of the large protein genes and gene start, intergenic and end sequences. Arch Virol 2010; 156:161-6. [PMID: 20963613 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have already reported the nucleotide sequences of the NP, P/V, M, F and HN genes of human parainfluenza virus type 4A (hPIV-4A) and type 4B (hPIV-4B). Here, we have determined the sequences of the L protein genes as well as the gene start, intergenic and end sequences, thereby completing the full-length genome sequence of hPIV-4A and 4B. hPIV-4A and 4B have 17,052 and 17,304 nucleotides, respectively. The end sequence of hPIV-4, especially 4B, was extraordinarily long. In a comparison with members of the genus Rubulavirus, the hPIV-4 L proteins were closely related to those of mumps virus (MUV) and hPIV-2, less closely related to those of Menangle virus and Tioman virus, and more distantly related to those of Mapuera virus and porcine rubulavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Komada
- Department of Microbiology, Suzuka University of Medical Science Suzuka, Mie, Japan.
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19
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Bat guano virome: predominance of dietary viruses from insects and plants plus novel mammalian viruses. J Virol 2010; 84:6955-65. [PMID: 20463061 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00501-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are hosts to a variety of viruses capable of zoonotic transmissions. Because of increased contact between bats, humans, and other animal species, the possibility exists for further cross-species transmissions and ensuing disease outbreaks. We describe here full and partial viral genomes identified using metagenomics in the guano of bats from California and Texas. A total of 34% and 58% of 390,000 sequence reads from bat guano in California and Texas, respectively, were related to eukaryotic viruses, and the largest proportion of those infect insects, reflecting the diet of these insectivorous bats, including members of the viral families Dicistroviridae, Iflaviridae, Tetraviridae, and Nodaviridae and the subfamily Densovirinae. The second largest proportion of virus-related sequences infects plants and fungi, likely reflecting the diet of ingested insects, including members of the viral families Luteoviridae, Secoviridae, Tymoviridae, and Partitiviridae and the genus Sobemovirus. Bat guano viruses related to those infecting mammals comprised the third largest group, including members of the viral families Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, Picornaviridae, Adenoviridae, Poxviridae, Astroviridae, and Coronaviridae. No close relative of known human viral pathogens was identified in these bat populations. Phylogenetic analysis was used to clarify the relationship to known viral taxa of novel sequences detected in bat guano samples, showing that some guano viral sequences fall outside existing taxonomic groups. This initial characterization of the bat guano virome, the first metagenomic analysis of viruses in wild mammals using second-generation sequencing, therefore showed the presence of previously unidentified viral species, genera, and possibly families. Viral metagenomics is a useful tool for genetically characterizing viruses present in animals with the known capability of direct or indirect viral zoonosis to humans.
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20
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McCarthy AJ, Goodman SJ. Reassessing conflicting evolutionary histories of the Paramyxoviridae and the origins of respiroviruses with Bayesian multigene phylogenies. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2009; 10:97-107. [PMID: 19900582 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of paramyxoviruses is still poorly understood since past phylogenetic studies have revealed conflicting evolutionary signals among genes, and used varying methods and datasets. Using Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of full length single and concatenated sequences for the 6 genes shared among paramyxovirus genera, we reassess the ambiguous evolutionary relationships within the family, and examine causes of varying phylogenetic signals among different genes. Relative to a pneumovirus outgroup, the concatenated gene phylogeny, splits the Paramyxovirinae into two lineages, one comprising the avulaviruses and rubulaviruses, and a second containing the respiroviruses basal to the henipaviruses, and morbilliviruses. Phylogenies for the matrix (M), RNA dependent RNA polymerase (L) and the fusion (F) glycoprotein genes, are concordant with the topology from the concatenated dataset. In phylogenies derived from the nucleocapsid (N) and phosphoprotein (P) genes, the respiroviruses form the most basal genus of the Paramyxovirinae subfamily, with the avulaviruses and rubulaviruses in one lineage, and the henipaviruses, and morbilliviruses in a second. The phylogeny of the hemagglutinin (H) gene places the respiroviruses basal to the avula-rubulavirus group, but the relationship of this lineage with henipa and morbillviruses is not resolved. Different genes may be under varying evolutionary pressures giving rise to these conflicting signals. Given the level of conservation in the M and L genes, we suggest that together with F gene, these or concatenated datasets for all six genes are likely to reveal the most reliable phylogenies at a family level, and should be used for future phylogenetic studies in this group. Split decomposition analysis suggests that recombination within genera, may have a contributed to the emergence of dolphin morbillivirus, and several species within respiroviruses. A partial L gene alignment, resolves the relationship of 25 unclassified paramxyoviruses into 4 clades (Chiopteran-, Salmon-, Rodentian- and Ophidian paramyxoviruses) which group with rubula-, respiro-, morbilliviruses, and within the paramxyovirinae respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J McCarthy
- Institute of Integrative & Comparative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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21
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Samuel AS, Kumar S, Madhuri S, Collins PL, Samal SK. Complete sequence of the genome of avian paramyxovirus type 9 and comparison with other paramyxoviruses. Virus Res 2009; 142:10-8. [PMID: 19185593 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome consensus sequence was determined for avian paramyxovirus (APMV) serotype 9 prototype strain PMV-9/domestic Duck/New York/22/78. The genome is 15,438 nucleotides (nt) long and encodes six non-overlapping genes in the order of 3'-N-P/V/W-M-F-HN-L-5' with intergenic regions of 0-30 nt. The genome length follows the "rule of six" and contains a 55-nt leader sequence at the 3' end and a 47-nt trailer sequence at the 5' end. The cleavage site of the F protein is I-R-E-G-R-I downward arrowF, which does not conform to the conventional cleavage site of the ubiquitous cellular protease furin. The virus required exogenous protease for in vitro replication and grew only in a few established cell lines, indicating a restricted host range. Alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences of APMV-9 proteins with the cognate proteins of viruses of all five genera of family Paramyxoviridae showed that APMV-9 is more closely related to APMV-1 than to other APMVs. The mean death time in embryonated chicken eggs was found to be more than 120h, indicating APMV-9 to be avirulent for chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S Samuel
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, MD 20742, USA
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22
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Lambeth LS, Yu M, Anderson DE, Crameri G, Eaton BT, Wang LF. Complete genome sequence of Nariva virus, a rodent paramyxovirus. Arch Virol 2008; 154:199-207. [PMID: 19104752 PMCID: PMC7086651 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Nariva virus (NarPV) was isolated from forest rodents (Zygodontomys b. brevicauda) in eastern Trinidad in the early 1960s. Initial classification within the family Paramyxoviridae was based mainly on morphological observations including the structure of nucleocapsids and virion surface projections. Here, we report the characterization of the complete genome sequence of NarPV. The genome is 15,276 nucleotides in length, conforming to the rule-of-six, and has a genome organization typical of most members of the family, with six transcriptional units in the order 3′-N–P-M-F–H-L-5′. The gene junctions contain highly conserved gene start and stop signals and a tri-nucleotide intergenic sequence present in most members of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae. Sequence comparison studies indicate that NarPV is most closely related to Mossman virus, which was isolated from wild rats (Rattus leucopus) in Queensland, Australia, in 1970. This study confirmed the classification of NarPV as a member of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae and established the close genome organization and sequence relationship between the two rodent paramyxoviruses isolated almost a decade apart and from two locations separated by more than 15,000 km.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. S. Lambeth
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PO Bag 24, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
- Present Address: Division of Microbiology, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire UK
| | - M. Yu
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PO Bag 24, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
| | - D. E. Anderson
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PO Bag 24, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
- Present Address: INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, QC Canada
| | - G. Crameri
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PO Bag 24, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
| | - B. T. Eaton
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PO Bag 24, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
| | - L.-F. Wang
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PO Bag 24, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
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23
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Complete genome sequence of avian paramyxovirus type 3 reveals an unusually long trailer region. Virus Res 2008; 137:189-97. [PMID: 18691616 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 07/05/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence was determined for prototype parakeet/Netherlands/449/75 strain of avian paramyxovirus (APMV) serotype 3. The genome is 16,272 nucleotides (nt) in length, consisting of six non-overlapping genes in the order of 3'-N-P/V/W-M-F-HN-L-5', with intergenic regions of 31-63nt. APMV-3 genome follows the "rule of six" and is the largest among the avian paramyxoviruses reported to date, with a trailer region of 707nt, the longest in the family Paramyxoviridae. The cleavage site of F protein, A-R-P-R-G-R downward arrowL, does not conform to the preferred cleavage site of the ubiquitous cellular protease furin. Therefore, exogenous protease was needed for replication in vitro. Alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences of strain Netherlands proteins with the cognate proteins of viruses of all of the five genera of family Paramyxoviridae showed that APMV-3 strain Netherlands is more closely related to APMV-1 than APMV-6.
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24
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Subbiah M, Xiao S, Collins PL, Samal SK. Complete sequence of the genome of avian paramyxovirus type 2 (strain Yucaipa) and comparison with other paramyxoviruses. Virus Res 2008; 137:40-8. [PMID: 18603323 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The complete RNA genome sequence of avian paramyxovirus (APMV) serotype 2, strain Yucaipa isolated from chicken has been determined. With genome size of 14,904 nucleotides (nt), strain Yucaipa is consistent with the "rule of six" and is the smallest virus reported to date among the members of subfamily Paramyxovirinae. The genome contains six non-overlapping genes in the order 3'-N-P/V-M-F-HN-L-5'. The genes are flanked on either side by highly conserved transcription start and stop signals and have intergenic sequences varying in length from 3 to 23nt. The genome contains a 55nt leader sequence at 3' end and a 154nt trailer sequence at 5' end. Alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences of strain Yucaipa proteins with the cognate proteins of viruses of all of the five genera of family Paramyxoviridae showed that APMV-2 strain Yucaipa is more closely related to APMV-6 than APMV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Subbiah
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
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