1
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Differential critical residues on the overlapped region of the non-structural protein-1 recognized by flavivirus and dengue virus cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21548. [PMID: 36513793 PMCID: PMC9747715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-structural protein-1 (NS1) of dengue virus (DENV) contributes to several functions related to dengue disease pathogenesis as well as diagnostic applications. Antibodies against DENV NS1 can cross-react with other co-circulating flaviviruses, which may lead to incorrect diagnosis. Herein, five anti-DENV NS1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were investigated. Four of them (1F11, 2E3, 1B2, and 4D2) cross-react with NS1 of all four DENV serotypes (pan-DENV mAbs), whereas the other (2E11) also reacts with NS1 of other flaviviruses (flavi-cross-reactive mAb). The binding epitopes recognized by these mAbs were found to overlap a region located on the disordered loop of the NS1 wing domain (amino acid residues 104 to 123). Fine epitope mapping employing phage display technology and alanine-substituted DENV2 NS1 mutants indicates the critical binding residues W115, K116, and K120 for the 2E11 mAb, which are conserved among flaviviruses. In contrast, the critical binding residues of four pan-DENV mAbs include both flavi-conserved residues (W115 to G119) and DENV-conserved flanking residues (K112, Y113, S114 and A121, K122). Our results highlight DENV-conserved residues in cross-reactive epitopes that distinguish pan-DENV antibodies from the flavi-cross-reactive antibody. These antibodies can be potentially applied to differential diagnosis of DENV from other flavivirus infections.
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2
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Munir R, Rafique S, Ali A, Amin I, Ahmed S, Vajeeha A, Shahid M, Samiullah TR, Idrees M, Tao YJ, Khan MU. Molecular characterization of recombinant premembrane protein of dengue virus serotype‐2 for development of diagnostic assay. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 63:489-498. [PMID: 36356225 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is an acute arboviral infection common in tropical and subtropical countries. Dengue has been highlighted as a public health concern in the last five decades, affecting almost 50% of the population in developing nations. Dengue infection results in a complex symptomatic disease that ranges from headache, fever, and skin rash to extreme hemorrhage fever and liver dysfunction. The diagnosis of the disease is essential for effective treatment. The early onset of the infection can be detected through viral structural peptides that act as markers for detection, including Pre-Membrane (Pre-M) protein. In the currently proposed research, the structural gene obtained from local isolates was targeted for studies. For this purpose, recombinant structural protein Pre-M was amplified, cloned, and expressed in the bacterial expression system. The expression of the structural protein (Pre-M) was scrutinized by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and validated by western blot and dot blot, and afterwards, the antigen was purified. The purified Pre-M protein carries the potential for the development of in-house diagnostic assay as well as for vaccine production. This study aimed to develop a highly specific, sensitive, and cost-effective in-house enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies of Pakistani most prevalent dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2). The success of this research would also pave the way toward developing novel vaccines for the future prevention of dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhtasha Munir
- Centre of Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB) University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB) University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan
| | - Iram Amin
- Centre of Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB) University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB) University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sameen Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB) University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Vajeeha
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB) University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB) University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Tahir R. Samiullah
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB) University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB) University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
- Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Yizhi J. Tao
- Deparment of Biosciences Rice University Houston Texas USA
| | - Muhammad U. Khan
- University Institute of Medical lab Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan
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3
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Sangiambut S, Promphet N, Chaiyaloom S, Puttikhunt C, Avirutnan P, Kasinrerk W, Sittisombut N, Malasit P. Increased capsid oligomerization is deleterious to dengue virus particle production. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34410905 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The capsid protein (C) of dengue virus is required for viral infectivity as it packages viral RNA genome into infectious particles. C exists as a homodimer that forms via hydrophobic interactions between the α2 and α4 helices of monomers. To identify C region(s) important for virus particle production, a complementation system was employed in which single-round infectious particles are generated by trans-encapsidation of a viral C-deleted genome by recombinant C expressed in mosquito cells. Mutants harbouring a complete α3 deletion, or a dual Ile65-/Trp69-to-Ala substitution in the α3 helix, exhibited reduced production of infectious virus. Unexpectedly, higher proportions of oligomeric C were detected in cells expressing both mutated forms as compared with the wild-type counterpart, indicating that the α3 helix, through its internal hydrophobic residues, may down-modulate oligomerization of C during particle formation. Compared with wild-type C, the double Ile65-/Trp69 to Ala mutations appeared to hamper viral infectivity but not C and genomic RNA incorporation into the pseudo-infectious virus particles, suggesting that increased C oligomerization may impair DENV replication at the cell entry step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutha Sangiambut
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.,Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 12120, Thailand.,Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.,Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Natcha Promphet
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.,Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 12120, Thailand.,Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.,Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Suwipa Chaiyaloom
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.,Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 12120, Thailand.,Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.,Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chunya Puttikhunt
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.,Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 12120, Thailand.,Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.,Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Panisadee Avirutnan
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.,Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 12120, Thailand.,Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.,Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Biomedical Technology Research Center National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Sciences and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Sittisombut
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 12120, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Prida Malasit
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.,Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 12120, Thailand.,Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.,Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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4
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Chen X, Li C, Lin W, Li T, Li X, Bai X, Wulin S, Zhang Q, Li S, Liu M, Liu JH, Zhang Y. A Novel Neutralizing Antibody Targeting a Unique Cross-Reactive Epitope on the hi Loop of Domain II of the Envelope Protein Protects Mice against Duck Tembusu Virus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1836-1848. [PMID: 32132180 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Flavivirus E protein induces protective immunity, and its Abs cause serious problems for serodiagnosis because of the difficulty in differentiating cross-reactive Abs. Moreover, cross-reactive Abs may increase disease severity after secondary Flavivirus infections via Ab-dependent enhancement. Cross-reactive epitopes are therefore critical for understanding serodiagnosis and improving the general knowledge of Flavivirus infections. A minimal epitope, 227GSSAGTWQN235, was identified by a neutralizing mAb 1G2 against duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), which recognized only monomer E protein under nonreducing conditions. It was unexpectedly found that mutations in the epitope residues G231 or W233 completely abolished reactivity to 1G2 and sera from mice infected with Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, and Zika virus. An immunofluorescence assay confirmed that mAb 1G2 could cross-react with the E proteins from Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, and Zika virus. Protein and virus modeling revealed that the epitope was surface accessible in the mature virus and located in the hi loop of domain II. The neutralization of DTMUV by 1G2 played a clear therapeutic role in mouse models. The passive transfer of 1G2 resulted in 100% survival, reduced weight loss, and the complete clearance of DTMUV from the blood of BALB/c mice. Our findings document, for the first time to our knowledge, that mAb 1G2 targets the cross-reactive epitope on the hi loop of domain II in the E protein and might be of potential therapeutic value in treating DTMUV infection and improve the understanding of the issues related to serodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Weiwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Tongtong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Xiaojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Xiaofei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Shaozhou Wulin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Qingshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Jyung-Hurng Liu
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
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5
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Sangiambut S, Pethrak C, Anupap C, Ninnabkaew P, Kongsanthia C, Promphet N, Chaiyaloom S, Songjaeng A, Avirutnan P, Puttikhunt C, Kasinrerk W, Sittisombut N, Malasit P. Enhanced production of infectious particles by adaptive modulation of C–prM processing and C–C interaction during propagation of dengue pseudoinfectious virus in stable CprME-expressing cells. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:59-72. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sutha Sangiambut
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
| | - Chatpong Pethrak
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Anupap
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Parichat Ninnabkaew
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Charuphan Kongsanthia
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Natcha Promphet
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
| | - Suwipa Chaiyaloom
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
| | - Adisak Songjaeng
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Panisadee Avirutnan
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chunya Puttikhunt
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Sciences and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Sittisombut
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
| | - Prida Malasit
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
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6
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Dengue NS2A Protein Orchestrates Virus Assembly. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 26:606-622.e8. [PMID: 31631053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus assembly requires cleavage of viral C-prM-E polyprotein into three structural proteins (capsid, premembrane, and envelope), packaging of viral RNA with C protein into nucleocapsid, and budding of prM and E proteins into virions. The molecular mechanisms underlying these assembly events are unclear. Here, we show that dengue nonstructural protein 2A (NS2A protein) recruits viral RNA, structural proteins, and protease to the site of virion assembly and coordinates nucleocapsid and virus formation. The last 285 nucleotides of viral 3' UTR serve as a "recruiting signal for packaging" that binds to a cytosolic loop of NS2A. This interaction allows NS2A to recruit nascent RNA from the replication complex to the virion assembly site. NS2A also recruits the C-prM-E polyprotein and NS2B-NS3 protease to the virion assembly site by interacting with prM, E, and NS3, leading to coordinated C-prM-E cleavage. Mature C protein assembles onto genomic RNA to form nucleocapsid, followed by prM and E envelopment and virion formation.
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7
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Zhao D, Han K, Huang X, Zhang L, Wang H, Liu N, Tian Y, Liu Q, Yang J, Liu Y, Li Y. Screening and identification of B-cell epitopes within envelope protein of tembusu virus. Virol J 2018; 15:142. [PMID: 30223850 PMCID: PMC6142368 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tembusu virus is a newly emerging flavivirus that caused egg-drop syndrome in ducks in China. TMUV envelope protein is a major structural protein locates at the surface of tembusu virus particle. During tembusu virus infection, envelope protein plays a pivotal role in induction of neutralizing antibody. However, B cell epitopes within envelope protein have not been well studied. Method A series of 13 peptides derived from E protein of tembusu virus were synthesized and screened by Dot blot with tembusu virus-positive duck serum. Potential B-cell epitopes were respectively fused with GST tag and expressed in E. coli. The immunogenicity and protective efficiency of epitopes were assessed in ducks. Results Dot blot assay identified the peptides P21 (amino acids 301–329), P23 (amino acids 369–387), P27 (amino acids 464–471) and P28 (amino acids 482–496) as potential B-cell epitopes within the envelope protein of tembusu virus. Immunization of prokaryotically expressed epitopes elicited specific antibodies in ducks and the specific antibody elicited by P21, P27 and P28 could neutralized tembusu virus. In addition, protective test suggested that P21 and P27 could completely protect immunized ducks from TMUV challenge. Conclusion Four potential B cell epiotpes within tembusu virus envelope protein were identified and analyzed in vitro and in vivo. It was demonstrated that two of them (P21 and P27) could elicit neutralizing antibodies in ducks and offer complete protection against tembusu virus challenge. This findings will contribute to the development of epitope vaccine for tembusu virus prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Zhao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaikai Han
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijiao Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Tian
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhuo Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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8
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Nadugala MN, Jeewandara C, Malavige GN, Premaratne PH, Goonasekara CL. Natural antibody responses to the capsid protein in sera of Dengue infected patients from Sri Lanka. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178009. [PMID: 28582388 PMCID: PMC5459338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to characterize the antigenicity of the Capsid (C) protein and the human antibody responses to C protein from the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. Parker hydrophilicity prediction, Emini surface accessibility prediction and Karplus & Schulz flexibility predictions were used to bioinformatically characterize antigenicity. The human antibody response to C protein was assessed by ELISA using immune sera and an array of overlapping DENV2 C peptides. DENV2 C protein peptides P1 (located on C protein at 2–18 a.a), P11 (79–95 a.a) and P12 (86–101 a.a) were recognized by most individuals exposed to infections with only one of the 4 DENV serotypes as well as people exposed to infections with two serotypes. These conserved peptide epitopes are located on the amino (1–40 a.a) and carboxy (70–100 a.a) terminal regions of C protein, which were predicted to be antigenic using different bioinformatic tools. DENV2 C peptide P6 (39–56 a.a) was recognized by all individuals exposed to DENV2 infections, some individuals exposed to DENV4 infections and none of the individuals exposed to DENV1 or 3 infections. Thus, unlike C peptides P1, P11 and P12, which contain epitopes, recognized by DENV serotype cross-reactive antibodies, DENV2 peptide P6 contains an epitope that is preferentially recognized by antibodies in people exposed to this serotype compared to other serotypes. We discuss our results in the context of the known structure of C protein and recent work on the human B-cell response to DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesha N. Nadugala
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Chandima Jeewandara
- Centre for Dengue Research, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Gangodawila, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Prasad H. Premaratne
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
- * E-mail: (PHP); (CLG)
| | - Charitha L. Goonasekara
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
- * E-mail: (PHP); (CLG)
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9
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Flavivirus replication is mediated by a membrane-associated replication complex where viral membrane proteins NS2A, NS2B, NS4A, and NS4B serve as the scaffold for the replication complex formation. Here, we used dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) as a model to characterize viral NS4A-NS4B interaction. NS4A interacts with NS4B in virus-infected cells and in cells transiently expressing NS4A and NS4B in the absence of other viral proteins. Recombinant NS4A and NS4B proteins directly bind to each other with an estimated Kd (dissociation constant) of 50 nM. Amino acids 40 to 76 (spanning the first transmembrane domain, consisting of amino acids 50 to 73) of NS4A and amino acids 84 to 146 (also spanning the first transmembrane domain, consisting of amino acids 101 to 129) of NS4B are the determinants for NS4A-NS4B interaction. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis suggests that NS4A residues 17 to 80 form two amphipathic helices (helix α1, comprised of residues 17 to 32, and helix α2, comprised of residues 40 to 47) that associate with the cytosolic side of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and helix α3 (residues 52 to 75) that transverses the ER membrane. In addition, NMR analysis identified NS4A residues that may participate in the NS4A-NS4B interaction. Amino acid substitution of these NS4A residues exhibited distinct effects on viral replication. Three of the four NS4A mutations (L48A, T54A, and L60A) that affected the NS4A-NS4B interaction abolished or severely reduced viral replication; in contrast, two NS4A mutations (F71A and G75A) that did not affect NS4A-NS4B interaction had marginal effects on viral replication, demonstrating the biological relevance of the NS4A-NS4B interaction to DENV-2 replication. Taken together, the study has provided experimental evidence to argue that blocking the NS4A-NS4B interaction could be a potential antiviral approach. IMPORTANCE Flavivirus NS4A and NS4B proteins are essential components of the ER membrane-associated replication complex. The current study systematically characterizes the interaction between flavivirus NS4A and NS4B. Using DENV-2 as a model, we show that NS4A interacts with NS4B in virus-infected cells, in cells transiently expressing NS4A and NS4B proteins, or in vitro with recombinant NS4A and NS4B proteins. We mapped the minimal regions required for the NS4A-NS4B interaction to be amino acids 40 to 76 of NS4A and amino acids 84 to 146 of NS4B. NMR analysis revealed the secondary structure of amino acids 17 to 80 of NS4A and the NS4A amino acids that may participate in the NS4A-NS4B interaction. Functional analysis showed a correlation between viral replication and NS4A-NS4B interaction, demonstrating the biological importance of the NS4A-NS4B interaction. The study has advanced our knowledge of the molecular function of flavivirus NS4A and NS4B proteins. The results also suggest that inhibitors of the NS4A-NS4B interaction could be pursued for flavivirus antiviral development.
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Two distinct sets of NS2A molecules are responsible for dengue virus RNA synthesis and virion assembly. J Virol 2014; 89:1298-313. [PMID: 25392211 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02882-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Flavivirus nonstructural protein 2A (NS2A) plays important roles in both viral RNA synthesis and virion assembly. The molecular details of how the NS2A protein modulates the two distinct events have not been defined. To address this question, we have performed a systematic mutagenesis of NS2A using dengue virus (DENV) serotype 2 (DENV-2) as a model. We identified two sets of NS2A mutations with distinct defects during a viral infection cycle. One set of NS2A mutations (D125A and G200A) selectively abolished viral RNA synthesis. Mechanistically, the D125A mutation abolished viral RNA synthesis through blocking the N-terminal cleavage of the NS2A protein, leading to an unprocessed NS1-NS2A protein; this result suggests that amino acid D125 (far downstream of the N terminus of NS2A) may contribute to the recognition of host protease at the NS1-NS2A junction. The other set of NS2A mutations (G11A, E20A, E100A, Q187A, and K188A) specifically impaired virion assembly without significantly affecting viral RNA synthesis. Remarkably, mutants defective in virion assembly could be rescued by supplying in trans wild-type NS2A molecules expressed from a replicative replicon, by wild-type NS2A protein expressed alone, by a mutant NS2A (G200A) that is lethal for viral RNA synthesis, or by a different mutant NS2A that is defective in virion assembly. In contrast, none of the mutants defective in viral RNA synthesis could be rescued by trans-complementation. Collectively, the results indicate that two distinct sets of NS2A molecules are responsible for DENV RNA synthesis and virion assembly. IMPORTANCE Dengue virus (DENV) represents the most prevalent mosquito-borne human pathogen. Understanding the replication of DENV is essential for development of vaccines and therapeutics. Here we characterized the function of DENV-2 NS2A using a systematic mutagenesis approach. The mutagenesis results revealed two distinct sets of NS2A mutations: one set of mutations that result in defects in viral RNA synthesis and another set of mutations that result in defects in virion assembly. trans-Complementation analysis showed that mutants defective in viral RNA synthesis could not be rescued by wild-type NS2A; in contrast, mutants defective in virion assembly could be successfully rescued by wild-type NS2A or even by a mutant NS2A that is incompetent to support viral RNA synthesis. These results support a model in which two distinct sets of NS2A molecules are responsible for DENV RNA synthesis (located in the viral replication complex) and virion assembly (located in the virion assembly/budding site). The study confirms and extends our understanding of the two critical roles of flavivirus NS2A in viral RNA synthesis and virion assembly.
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Netsawang J, Panaampon J, Khunchai S, Kooptiwut S, Nagila A, Puttikhunt C, Yenchitsomanus PT, Limjindaporn T. Dengue virus disrupts Daxx and NF-κB interaction to induce CD137-mediated apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1485-91. [PMID: 25019989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a positive-strand RNA virus of the Flavivirus family with 4 different serotypes. Clinical manifestations of DENV infection include dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. Following DENV infection, apoptosis of hepatic cells is observed both in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular mechanisms revealing how viral components affect cellular apoptosis remain unclear. In the present study, the role of death domain-associated protein 6 (Daxx) in DENV-mediated apoptosis was characterized by RNA interference and overexpression studies, and the anti-apoptotic function of Daxx during DENV infection was identified. Furthermore, the viral component, DENV capsid protein (DENV C), interacted with Daxx to disrupt interaction between Daxx and NF-κB. The liberated NF-κB activated the promoter of CD137, which is a member of the TNF family, and is previously shown to induce apoptosis during DENV infection. In summary, DENV C disrupts Daxx and NF-κB interaction to induce CD137-mediated apoptosis during DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janjuree Netsawang
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Phathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jutatip Panaampon
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasiprapa Khunchai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwattanee Kooptiwut
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amar Nagila
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chunya Puttikhunt
- Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thawornchai Limjindaporn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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12
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Sangiambut S, Suphatrakul A, Sriburi R, Keelapang P, Puttikhunt C, Kasinrerk W, Malasit P, Sittisombut N. Sustained replication of dengue pseudoinfectious virus lacking the capsid gene by trans-complementation in capsid-producing mosquito cells. Virus Res 2013; 174:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Nagila A, Netsawang J, Suttitheptumrong A, Morchang A, Khunchai S, Srisawat C, Puttikhunt C, Noisakran S, Yenchitsomanus PT, Limjindaporn T. Inhibition of p38MAPK and CD137 signaling reduce dengue virus-induced TNF-α secretion and apoptosis. Virol J 2013; 10:105. [PMID: 23557259 PMCID: PMC3639879 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic injury in dengue virus (DENV) infection is authenticated by hepatomegaly and an upsurge in transaminase levels. DENV replicates in hepatocytes and causes hepatocyte apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of DENV-induced hepatic injury could facilitate the development of alternate chemotherapeutic agents and improved therapies. FINDINGS The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) participates in both apoptosis-related signaling and pro- inflammatory cytokine production. The role of p38 MAPK in DENV-infected HepG2 cells was examined using RNA interference. The results showed that DENV infection activated p38 MAPK and induced apoptosis. The p38 MAPK activation and TNF-α production were controlled by p38 MAPK and CD137 signaling in DENV-infected HepG2 cells as activated p38 MAPK, TNF-α and apoptosis were significantly decreased in p38 MAPK and CD137 depleted DENV-infected HepG2 cells. Addition of exogenous TNF-α to p38 MAPK depleted DENV-infected HepG2 cells restored DENV-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION DENV induces CD137 signaling to enhance apoptosis by increasing TNF-α production via activation of p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Nagila
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Chong MK, Parthasarathy K, Yeo HY, Ng ML. Optimized sequential purification protocol for in vivo site-specific biotinylated full-length dengue virus capsid protein. Protein Eng Des Sel 2013; 26:377-87. [PMID: 23479673 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzs107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) capsid (C) protein is one of the three structural proteins that form a mature virus. The main challenge impeding the study of this protein is to generate pure non-truncated, full-length C proteins for structural and functional studies. This is mainly due to its small molecular weight, highly positively charged, stability and solubility properties. Here, we report a strategy to construct, express, biotinylate and purify non-truncated, full-length DENV C protein. A 6× His tag and a biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) were cloned at the N-terminus of C protein using overlapping extension-polymerase chain reaction method for site-specific biotinylation. The final construct was inserted into pET28a plasmid and BL-21 (CodonPlus) expression competent cell strain was selected as there are 12% rare codons in the C protein sequence. Strikingly, we found that our recombinant proteins with BAP were biotinylated endogenously with high efficiency in Escherichia coli BL-21 strains. To purify this His-tagged C protein, nickel-nitriloacetic acid affinity chromatography was first carried out under denaturing condition. After stepwise dialysis and concurrent refolding, ion exchange-fast protein liquid chromatography was performed to further separate the residual contaminants. To obtain C protein with high purity, a final round of purification with size exclusion chromatography was carried out and a single peak corresponding to C protein was attained. With this optimized sequential purification protocol, we successfully generated pure biotinylated full-length DENV C protein. The functionality of this purified non-truncated DENV C protein was examined and it was suitable for structural and molecular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Keat Chong
- Flavivirology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Costin JM, Zaitseva E, Kahle KM, Nicholson CO, Rowe DK, Graham AS, Bazzone LE, Hogancamp G, Figueroa Sierra M, Fong RH, Yang ST, Lin L, Robinson JE, Doranz BJ, Chernomordik LV, Michael SF, Schieffelin JS, Isern S. Mechanistic study of broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies against dengue virus that target the fusion loop. J Virol 2013; 87:52-66. [PMID: 23077306 PMCID: PMC3536401 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02273-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no available vaccines for dengue, the most important mosquito-transmitted viral disease. Mechanistic studies with anti-dengue virus (DENV) human monoclonal antibodies (hMAbs) provide a rational approach to identify and characterize neutralizing epitopes on DENV structural proteins that can serve to inform vaccine strategies. Here, we report a class of hMAbs that is likely to be an important determinant in the human humoral response to DENV infection. In this study, we identified and characterized three broadly neutralizing anti-DENV hMAbs: 4.8A, D11C, and 1.6D. These antibodies were isolated from three different convalescent patients with distinct histories of DENV infection yet demonstrated remarkable similarities. All three hMAbs recognized the E glycoprotein with high affinity, neutralized all four serotypes of DENV, and mediated antibody-dependent enhancement of infection in Fc receptor-bearing cells at subneutralizing concentrations. The neutralization activities of these hMAbs correlated with a strong inhibition of virus-liposome and intracellular fusion, not virus-cell binding. We mapped epitopes of these antibodies to the highly conserved fusion loop region of E domain II. Mutations at fusion loop residues W101, L107, and/or G109 significantly reduced the binding of the hMAbs to E protein. The results show that hMAbs directed against the highly conserved E protein fusion loop block viral entry downstream of virus-cell binding by inhibiting E protein-mediated fusion. Characterization of hMAbs targeting this region may provide new insights into DENV vaccine and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Costin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Elena Zaitseva
- Section on Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Cindo O. Nicholson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Dawne K. Rowe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda S. Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsey E. Bazzone
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Greg Hogancamp
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | | | - Rachel H. Fong
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sung-Tae Yang
- Section on Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Communicable Disease Center, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - James E. Robinson
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Leonid V. Chernomordik
- Section on Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott F. Michael
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - John S. Schieffelin
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sharon Isern
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
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Noda M, Masrinoul P, Punkum C, Pipattanaboon C, Ramasoota P, Setthapramote C, Sasaki T, Sasayama M, Yamashita A, Kurosu T, Ikuta K, Okabayashi T. Limited cross-reactivity of mouse monoclonal antibodies against Dengue virus capsid protein among four serotypes. Biologics 2012; 6:409-16. [PMID: 23209363 PMCID: PMC3512249 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s37792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Dengue illness is one of the important mosquito-borne viral diseases in tropical and subtropical regions. Four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4) are classified in the Flavivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae. We prepared monoclonal antibodies against DENV capsid protein from mice immunized with DENV-2 and determined the cross-reactivity with each serotype of DENV and Japanese encephalitis virus. Methods and results To clarify the relationship between the cross-reactivity of monoclonal antibodies and the diversity of these viruses, we examined the situations of flaviviruses by analyses of phylogenetic trees. Among a total of 60 prepared monoclonal antibodies specific for DENV, five monoclonal antibodies stained the nuclei of infected cells and were found to be specific to the capsid protein. Three were specific to DENV-2, while the other two were cross-reactive with DENV-2 and DENV-4. No monoclonal antibodies were cross-reactive with all four serotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of DENV amino acid sequences of the capsid protein revealed that DENV-2 and DENV-4 were clustered in the same branch, while DENV-1 and DENV-3 were clustered in the other branch. However, these classifications of the capsid protein were different from those of the envelope and nonstructural 1 proteins. Phylogenetic distances between the four serotypes of DENV were as different as those of other flaviviruses, such as Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Large variations in the DENV serotypes were comparable with the differences between species of flavivirus. Furthermore, the diversity of flavivirus capsid protein was much greater than that of envelope and nonstructural 1 proteins. Conclusion In this study, we produced specific monoclonal antibodies that can be used to detect DENV-2 capsid protein, but not a cross-reactive one with all serotypes of DENV capsid protein. The high diversity of the DENV capsid protein sequence by phylogenetic analysis supported the low cross-reactivity of monoclonal antibodies against DENV capsid protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Noda
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
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The disordered N-terminal region of dengue virus capsid protein contains a lipid-droplet-binding motif. Biochem J 2012; 444:405-15. [PMID: 22428600 DOI: 10.1042/bj20112219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is the major arthropod-borne human viral disease, for which no vaccine or specific treatment is available. We used NMR, zeta potential measurements and atomic force microscopy to study the structural features of the interaction between dengue virus C (capsid) protein and LDs (lipid droplets), organelles crucial for infectious particle formation. C protein-binding sites to LD were mapped, revealing a new function for a conserved segment in the N-terminal disordered region and indicating that conformational selection is involved in recognition. The results suggest that the positively charged N-terminal region of C protein prompts the interaction with negatively charged LDs, after which a conformational rearrangement enables the access of the central hydrophobic patch to the LD surface. Taken together, the results allowed the design of a peptide with inhibitory activity of C protein-LD binding, paving the way for new drug development approaches against dengue.
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18
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Role of CD137 signaling in dengue virus-mediated apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 410:428-33. [PMID: 21669186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic dysfunction is a well recognized feature of dengue virus (DENV) infection. However, molecular mechanisms of hepatic injury are still poorly understood. A complex interaction between DENV and the host immune response contributes to DENV-mediated tissue injury. DENV capsid protein (DENV C) physically interacts with the human death domain-associated protein Daxx. A double substitution mutation in DENV C (R85A/K86A) abrogates Daxx interaction, nuclear localization and apoptosis. Therefore we compared the expression of cell death genes between HepG2 cells expressing DENV C and DENV C (R85A/K86A) using a real-time PCR array. Expression of CD137, which is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, increased significantly in HepG2 cells expressing DENV C compared to HepG2 cells expressing DENV C (R85A/K86A). In addition, CD137-mediated apoptotic activity in HepG2 cells expressing DENV C was significantly increased by anti-CD137 antibody compared to that of HepG2 cells expressing DENV C (R85A/K86A). In DENV-infected HepG2 cells, CD137 mRNA and CD137 positive cells significantly increased and CD137-mediated apoptotic activity was increased by anti-CD137 antibody. This work is the first to demonstrate the contribution of CD137 signaling to DENV-mediated apoptosis.
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Puttikhunt C, Prommool T, U-thainual N, Ong-ajchaowlerd P, Yoosook K, Tawilert C, Duangchinda T, Jairangsri A, Tangthawornchaikul N, Malasit P, Kasinrerk W. The development of a novel serotyping-NS1-ELISA to identify serotypes of dengue virus. J Clin Virol 2011; 50:314-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Sun EC, Zhao J, Yang T, Liu NH, Geng HW, Qin YL, Wang LF, Bu ZG, Yang YH, Lunt RA, Wang LF, Wu DL. Identification of a conserved JEV serocomplex B-cell epitope by screening a phage-display peptide library with a mAb generated against West Nile virus capsid protein. Virol J 2011; 8:100. [PMID: 21375771 PMCID: PMC3060845 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The West Nile virus (WNV) capsid (C) protein is one of the three viral structural proteins, encapsidates the viral RNA to form the nucleocapsid, and is necessary for nuclear and nucleolar localization. The antigenic sites on C protein that are targeted by humoral immune responses have not been studied thoroughly, and well-defined B-cell epitopes on the WNV C protein have not been reported. Results In this study, we generated a WNV C protein-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and defined the linear epitope recognized by the mAb by screening a 12-mer peptide library using phage-display technology. The mAb, designated as 6D3, recognized the phages displaying a consensus motif consisting of the amino acid sequence KKPGGPG, which is identical to an amino acid sequence present in WNV C protein. Further fine mapping was conducted using truncated peptides expressed as MBP-fusion proteins. We found that the KKPGGPG motif is the minimal determinant of the linear epitope recognized by the mAb 6D3. Western blot (WB) analysis demonstrated that the KKPGGPG epitope could be recognized by antibodies contained in WNV- and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)-positive equine serum, but was not recognized by Dengue virus 1-4 (DENV1-4)-positive mice serum. Furthermore, we found that the epitope recognized by 6D3 is highly conserved among the JEV serocomplex of the Family Flaviviridae. Conclusion The KKPGGPG epitope is a JEV serocomplex-specific linear B-cell epitope recognized by the 6D3 mAb generated in this study. The 6D3 mAb may serve as a novel reagent in development of diagnostic tests for JEV serocomplex infection. Further, the identification of the B-cell epitope that is highly conserved among the JEV serocomplex may support the rationale design of vaccines against viruses of the JEV serocomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Cheng Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China
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Antibody recognition of the dengue virus proteome and implications for development of vaccines. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:523-32. [PMID: 21270280 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00016-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection caused by four distinct serotypes of dengue virus, each appearing cyclically in the tropics and subtropics along the equator. Although vaccines are currently under development, none are available to the general population. One of the main impediments to the successful advancement of these vaccines is the lack of well-defined immune correlates of protection. Here, we describe a protein microarray approach for measuring antibody responses to the complete viral proteome comprised of the structural (capsid, membrane, and envelope) and nonstructural (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5) components of all four dengue virus serotypes (1 to 4). We examined rhesus macaques vaccinated with tetravalent vaccines consisting of live-attenuated virus (LAV) or purified inactivated virus (PIV), followed by boosting with LAV and challenging with wild-type dengue virus. We detected temporal increases in antibodies against envelope proteins in response to either vaccine, while only the PIV/LAV vaccination strategy resulted in anticapsid antibodies. In contrast to results from vaccination, naïve macaques challenged with wild-type viruses of each serotype demonstrated a balanced response to nonstructural and structural components, including responses against the membrane protein. Our results demonstrate discriminating details concerning the nature of antibody responses to dengue virus at the proteomic level and suggest the usefulness of this information for vaccine development.
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Morchang A, Yasamut U, Netsawang J, Noisakran S, Wongwiwat W, Songprakhon P, Srisawat C, Puttikhunt C, Kasinrerk W, Malasit P, Yenchitsomanus PT, Limjindaporn T. Cell death gene expression profile: role of RIPK2 in dengue virus-mediated apoptosis. Virus Res 2010; 156:25-34. [PMID: 21195733 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a major emerging arthropod-borne pathogen, which infects individuals in both subtropical and tropical regions. Patients with DENV infection exhibit evidence of hepatocyte injury. However, the mechanisms of hepatocyte injury are unclear. Therefore we examined the expression of cell death genes during DENV-infection of HepG2 cells using real-time PCR arrays. The expression changes were consistent with activation of apoptosis and autophagy. Expression of the up-regulated genes, including RIPK2, HRK, TGF-β, PERK, and LC3B, was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. RIPK2 belongs to the receptor-interacting protein family of serine/threonine protein kinases, which is a crucial mediator of multiple stress responses that leads to the activation of caspase, NF-κB and MAP kinases including JNK and p38. RIPK2 activity is inhibited by the p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor SB203580. The effect of SB203580 on RIPK2 expression and DENV-induced apoptosis was tested in DENV-infected HepG2 cells. The inhibition of RIPK2 expression by SB203580 significantly reduced apoptosis. SB203580 also significantly reduced DENV capsid protein (DENVC)-mediated apoptosis. Suppression of endogenous RIPK2 in DENV-infected HepG2 cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly decreased apoptosis suggesting for the first time that RIPK2 plays a role in DENV-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atthapan Morchang
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Netsawang J, Noisakran S, Puttikhunt C, Kasinrerk W, Wongwiwat W, Malasit P, Yenchitsomanus PT, Limjindaporn T. Nuclear localization of dengue virus capsid protein is required for DAXX interaction and apoptosis. Virus Res 2009; 147:275-83. [PMID: 19944121 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus capsid protein (DENVC) localizes to both the cytoplasm and nucleus of dengue virus-infected cells. DENV C contains three nuclear localization signals (NLS), (6)KKAR(9), (73)KKSK(76), and the bipartite signal (85)RKeigrmlnilnRRRR(100). Stable HepG2 cells constitutively expressing DENV C, DENV C (Delta 85-100) and DENV C (Delta 73-100) were constructed to clarify whether nuclear translocation of DENV C affected apoptosis in liver cell line. While the wild-type DENV C could translocate into the nuclei of HepG2 cells, the mutant DENV Cs were restricted to the cytoplasm. The loss of nuclear localization of both mutant DENV Cs resulted in the disruption of their interactions with the apoptotic protein Daxx. Interestingly, upon treatment with anti-Fas antibody, the HepG2 cells expressing the wild-type DENV C showed significantly more apoptosis compared with the HepG2 cells expressing either mutant DENV C. To identify the amino acids required for DAXX interaction and apoptosis, substitution mutations either (K73A/K74A) or (R85A/K86A) were introduced into the C-terminal region of DENV C, and tested whether these mutations affected its interaction with Daxx and apoptosis. The results demonstrate that (73)KK and (85)RK of DENV C are important for its nuclear localization, interaction with DAXX and induction of apoptosis. This work is the first to demonstrate that nuclear localization of DENV C is required for DAXX interaction and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janjuree Netsawang
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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