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Honorato L, Ferreira NE, Domingues RB, Senne C, Leite FBVDM, Santos MVD, Fernandes GBP, Paião HGO, Vilas Boas LS, da Costa AC, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Witkin SS, Mendes-Correa MC. Evaluation of enterovirus concentration, species identification, and cerebrospinal fluid parameters in patients of different ages with aseptic meningitis in São Paulo, Brazil. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29471. [PMID: 38353496 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Human enteroviruses (EV) are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis worldwide. Data on EV viral load in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and related epidemiological studies are scarce in Brazil. This study investigated the influence of EV viral load on CSF parameters, as well as identifying the involved species. CSF samples were collected in 2018-2019 from 140 individuals at The Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo. The EV viral load was determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while EV species were identified by 5'UTR region sequencing. Median viral load was 5.72 log10 copies/mL and did not differ by subjects' age and EV species. Pleocytosis was observed in 94.3% of cases, with the highest white blood cell (WBC) counts in younger individuals. Viral load and WBC count were correlated in children (p = 0.0172). Elevated lactate levels were observed in 60% of cases and correlated with the viral load in preteen-teenagers (p = 0.0120) and adults (p = 0.0184). Most individuals had normal total protein levels (70.7%), with higher in preteen-teenagers and adults (p < 0.0001). By sequencing, 8.2% were identified as EV species A and 91.8% as species B. Age-specific variations in CSF characteristics suggest distinct inflammatory responses in each group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Honorato
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noely Evangelista Ferreira
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Heuder Gustavo Oliveira Paião
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucy Santos Vilas Boas
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Charlys da Costa
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven S Witkin
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornel Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Cássia Mendes-Correa
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ali Beg MM, Saxena A, Singh VK, Akhter J, Habib H, Raisuddin S. Modulatory role of BV6 and chloroquine on the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer cells. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S0. [PMID: 37147964 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_816_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aims Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the aggressive tumors mostly diagnosed in the advanced stage. Therapeutic failure and drug resistance pose a major problem in NSCLC treatment primarily due to alterations in autophagy and loss of apoptosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the importance of the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase mimetic BV6 and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) on the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy, respectively. Subjects and Methods Study was conducted on NCI-H23 and NCI-H522 cell lines to evaluate the effect of BV6 and CQ on the transcription and translation level of LC3-II, caspase-3, and caspase-9 genes by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting techniques. Results In NCI-H23 cell line, BV6 and CQ treatments showed increased mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3, and caspase-9 compared to its untreated counterpart. BV6 and CQ treatments also caused downregulation of LC3-II protein expression compared to its counterpart. In NCI-H522 cell line, BV6 treatment showed a significantly increased expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 mRNA and protein expression levels whereas BV6 treatment downregulated the expression level of LC3-II protein. A similar pattern was also observed in CQ treatment when compared with the respective controls. Both BV6 and CQ modulated in vitro expression of caspases and LC3-II which have critical regulatory roles in apoptosis and autophagy, respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggest that BV6 and CQ could be promising candidates in NSCLC treatment and there is a need to explore them in vivo and in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Masroor Ali Beg
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India; Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ala-Too International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Alpana Saxena
- Biochemistry, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Juheb Akhter
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Haroon Habib
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Fall A, Forman M, Morris CP, Gniazdowski V, Luo CH, Hanlon A, Miller H, Bergman Y, Mostafa HH. Enterovirus characterized from cerebrospinal fluid in a cohort from the Eastern United States. J Clin Virol 2023; 161:105401. [PMID: 36805602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteroviruses (EVs) are predominant causes of a spectrum of neurological diseases. To better understand the origins of the outbreaks of disease associated with EV, it is essential to develop an efficient surveillance system that identifies the circulating EVs and correlate their genomic evolution with the disease presentations. METHODS The clinical presentations of patients with positive EV from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between 2014 and 2022, diagnosed at the Johns Hopkins Medical Microbiology Laboratory, were compared from year to year. EV typing and whole genome sequencing were performed and correlated to the spectrum of disease. RESULTS A total of 95 CSF specimens were positive for EV between 2014 and 2022. The percentage positivity ranged from the lowest of 1.1% in 2020 to the highest of 3.2% in 2015. The median ages declined from 22 years in 2014 to less than one year starting in 2016 to 34 in 2022. Typing using VP1 sequencing revealed that E30 and E6 were associated with meningitis in adults but coxsackieviruses (CVs-B3 and B5) were detected from pediatric patients with fever. Whole genome sequencing revealed multiple recombination events. In 2020, a recombinant CV-A9 was detected in a CSF sample associated with unusual presentation of sepsis, profound acute bilateral sensory neural hearing loss, and myofasciitis. CONCLUSIONS EV genomic surveillance is needed for a better understanding of the genetic determinants of neurovirulence. Whole genome sequencing can reveal recombination events missed by traditional molecular surveillance methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amary Fall
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-121F, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-7093, USA
| | - Michael Forman
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-121F, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-7093, USA
| | - C Paul Morris
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-121F, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-7093, USA; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Gniazdowski
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-121F, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-7093, USA
| | - Chun Huai Luo
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-121F, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-7093, USA
| | - Ann Hanlon
- Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Meyer B-130, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-7093, USA
| | - Heather Miller
- Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Meyer B-130, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-7093, USA
| | - Yehudit Bergman
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-121F, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-7093, USA
| | - Heba H Mostafa
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-121F, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-7093, USA.
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First evidence of enterovirus A71 and echovirus 30 in Uruguay and genetic relationship with strains circulating in the South American region. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255846. [PMID: 34383835 PMCID: PMC8360592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human enteroviruses (EVs) comprise more than 100 types of coxsackievirus, echovirus, poliovirus and numbered enteroviruses, which are mainly transmitted by the faecal-oral route leading to diverse diseases such as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid paralysis, among others. Since enteroviruses are excreted in faeces, wastewater-based epidemiology approaches are useful to describe EV diversity in a community. In Uruguay, knowledge about enteroviruses is extremely limited. This study assessed the diversity of enteroviruses through Illumina next-generation sequencing of VP1-amplicons obtained by RT-PCR directly applied to viral concentrates of 84 wastewater samples collected in Uruguay during 2011-2012 and 2017-2018. Fifty out of the 84 samples were positive for enteroviruses. There were detected 27 different types belonging to Enterovirus A species (CVA2-A6, A10, A16, EV-A71, A90), Enterovirus B species (CVA9, B1-B5, E1, E6, E11, E14, E21, E30) and Enterovirus C species (CVA1, A13, A19, A22, A24, EV-C99). Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and echovirus 30 (E30) strains were studied more in depth through phylogenetic analysis, together with some strains previously detected by us in Argentina. Results unveiled that EV-A71 sub-genogroup C2 circulates in both countries at least since 2011-2012, and that the C1-like emerging variant recently entered in Argentina. We also confirmed the circulation of echovirus 30 genotypes E and F in Argentina, and reported the detection of genotype E in Uruguay. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of the EV-A71 C1-like emerging variant in South-America, and the first report of EV-A71 and E30 in Uruguay.
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Rocha LCD, Estofolete CF, Milhim BHGDA, Augusto MT, Zini N, Silva GCDD, Ferraz-Junior HC, Brienze VMS, Liso E, Cunha MS, Sabino EC, da Costa AC, Nogueira ML, Luchs A, Terzian ACB. Enteric viruses circulating in undiagnosed central nervous system infections at tertiary hospital in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3539-3548. [PMID: 32579291 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enterovirus (EV) is commonly associated with central nervous system (CNS) syndromes. Recently, gastroenteric viruses, including rotavirus (RVA), human astrovirus (HAstV), and norovirus (NoV), have also been associated with CNS neurological disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of EV, RVA, HAst, and NoV associated to CNS infections with undiagnosed etiology in Northwest region of São Paulo State, Brazil, and to conduct the molecular characterization of the positive samples detected. A total of 288 cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from July to December 2017 were tested for EV and NoV by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), HAstV by conventional RT-PCR, and RVA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Positive-EV samples were inoculated in cells lines, amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. RVA, NoV, and HAstV were not detected. EV infection was detected in 5.5% (16/288), and five samples successful genotyped: echovirus 3 (E3) (1/5), coxsackie virus A6 (CVA6) (1/5), and coxsackie virus B4 (CVB4) (3/5). Meningitis was the main syndrome observed (12/16; 75%). CVA6, CVB4, and E3 were identified associated with aseptic meningitis. Reports of CVA6 associated with aseptic meningitis are rare, E3 had not been previously reported in Brazil, and epidemiological data on CVB4 in the country is virtually unknown. The present investigation illustrates the circulation of diverse EV types in a small regional sample set and in a short period of time, highlighting the importance of an active EV surveillance system in CNS infections. Enhanced understanding of undiagnosed CNS infections will assist in public health and health care planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nathalia Zini
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariana Sequetin Cunha
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- LIM/46, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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Environmental Surveillance through Next-Generation Sequencing to Unveil the Diversity of Human Enteroviruses beyond the Reported Clinical Cases. Viruses 2021; 13:v13010120. [PMID: 33477302 PMCID: PMC7829892 DOI: 10.3390/v13010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge about circulation of Human Enteroviruses (EVs) obtained through medical diagnosis in Argentina is scarce. Wastewater samples monthly collected in Córdoba, Argentina during 2011-2012, and then in 2017-2018 were retrospectively studied to assess the diversity of EVs in the community. Partial VP1 gene was amplified by PCR from wastewater concentrates, and amplicons were subject of next-generation sequencing and genetic analyses. There were 41 EVs detected, from which ~50% had not been previously reported in Argentina. Most of the characterized EVs (60%) were detected at both sampling periods, with similar values of intratype nucleotide diversity. Exceptions were enterovirus A71, coxsackievirus B4, echovirus 14, and echovirus 30, which diversified in 2017-2018. There was a predominance of types from EV-C in 2017-2018, evidencing a common circulation of these types throughout the year in the community. Interestingly, high genetic similarity was evidenced among environmental strains of echovirus 30 circulating in 2011-2012 and co-temporal isolates obtained from patients suffering aseptic meningitis in different locations of Argentina. This study provides an updated insight about EVs circulating in an important region of South America, and suggests a valuable role of wastewater-based epidemiology in predicting outbreaks before the onset of cases in the community.
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7
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Wiatr M, Figueiredo R, Stump-Guthier C, Winter P, Ishikawa H, Adams O, Schwerk C, Schroten H, Rudolph H, Tenenbaum T. Polar Infection of Echovirus-30 Causes Differential Barrier Affection and Gene Regulation at the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6268. [PMID: 32872518 PMCID: PMC7503638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Echovirus-30 (E-30) is responsible for the extensive global outbreaks of meningitis in children. To gain access to the central nervous system, E-30 first has to cross the epithelial blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Several meningitis causing bacteria preferentially infect human choroid plexus papilloma (HIBCPP) cells in a polar fashion from the basolateral cell side. Here, we investigated the polar infection of HIBCPP cells with E-30. Both apical and basolateral infections caused a significant decrease in the transepithelial electrical resistance of HIBCPP cells. However, to reach the same impact on the barrier properties, the multiplicity of infection of the apical side had to be higher than that of the basolateral infection. Furthermore, the number of infected cells at respective time-points after basolateral infection was significantly higher compared to apical infection. Cytotoxic effects of E-30 on HIBCPP cells during basolateral infection were observed following prolonged infection and appeared more drastically compared to the apical infection. Gene expression profiles determined by massive analysis of cDNA ends revealed distinct regulation of specific genes depending on the side of HIBCPP cells' infection. Altogether, our data highlights the polar effects of E-30 infection in a human in vitro model of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier leading to central nervous system inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Wiatr
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children’s Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; or (C.S.-G.); (C.S.); (H.S.); or
| | - Ricardo Figueiredo
- GenXpro GmbH, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (R.F.); (P.W.)
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Carolin Stump-Guthier
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children’s Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; or (C.S.-G.); (C.S.); (H.S.); or
| | - Peter Winter
- GenXpro GmbH, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (R.F.); (P.W.)
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan;
| | - Ortwin Adams
- Institute for Virology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Christian Schwerk
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children’s Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; or (C.S.-G.); (C.S.); (H.S.); or
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children’s Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; or (C.S.-G.); (C.S.); (H.S.); or
| | - Henriette Rudolph
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children’s Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; or (C.S.-G.); (C.S.); (H.S.); or
| | - Tobias Tenenbaum
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children’s Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; or (C.S.-G.); (C.S.); (H.S.); or
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Farías AA, Mojsiejczuk LN, Flores FS, Aguilar JJ, Prez VE, Masachessi G, Nates SV. Environmental Surveillance of Human Enteroviruses in Córdoba City, Argentina: Prevalence and Detection of Serotypes from 2009 to 2014. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2019; 11:198-203. [PMID: 30895523 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-019-09379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental surveillance is an effective approach to investigate the circulation of human enteroviruses (EVs) in the population. EVs excreted by patients who present diverse clinical syndromes can remain infectious in the environment for several weeks, and limited data on circulating environmental EVs are available. A 6-year (2009-2014) surveillance study was conducted to detect non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) in the urban sewage of Cordoba city, Argentina. Echovirus 6 (E-6) was the most prevalent (28%), followed by E-14 (17%), E-16 (14%), Coxsackievirus (CV) A9 (11%), E-20 (9%), and CVA24 (6%). Other minority serotypes (E-7, E-13, E-21, E-25, and CVB4) were found, which together represented 14% of the total. In the absence of a systematic EV disease surveillance system, the detection and characterization of sewage-borne NPEVs will help us better understand the changes in EV disease trends and the epidemic background of circulating EVs, which could help interpret the EV trends and warn of future outbreaks in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A Farías
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Laura N Mojsiejczuk
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando S Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan J Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Veronica E Prez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisela Masachessi
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia V Nates
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
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Lema C, Torres C, Van der Sanden S, Cisterna D, Freire MC, Gómez RM. Global phylodynamics of Echovirus 30 revealed differential behavior among viral lineages. Virology 2019; 531:79-92. [PMID: 30856485 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Echovirus 30 (E30) is an important causative agent of aseptic meningitis worldwide. Despite this, the global and regional dispersion patterns, especially in South America, are still largely unknown. We performed an in-depth analysis of global E30 population dynamics, by using the VP1 sequences of 79 strains isolated in Argentina, between 1998 and 2012, and 856 sequences from GenBank. Furthermore, the 3Dpol regions of 329 sequences were analyzed to study potential recombination events. E30 evolution was characterized by co-circulation and continuous replacement of lineages over time, where four lineages appear to circulate at present and another four lineages appear to have stopped circulating. Five lineages showed a global distribution, whereas three other lineages had a more restricted circulation pattern. Strains isolated in South America belong to lineages E and F. Analysis of the 3Dpol region of Argentinean strains indicated that recombination events occurred in both lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lema
- Neurovirosis Service at Virology Department, INEI-ANLIS, Dr. Carlos G. Malbran Institute, Argentina.
| | - Carolina Torres
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Daniel Cisterna
- Neurovirosis Service at Virology Department, INEI-ANLIS, Dr. Carlos G. Malbran Institute, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Freire
- Neurovirosis Service at Virology Department, INEI-ANLIS, Dr. Carlos G. Malbran Institute, Argentina
| | - Ricardo M Gómez
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, CONICET-UNLP, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Smuts H, Cronje S, Thomas J, Brink D, Korsman S, Hardie D. Molecular characterization of an outbreak of enterovirus-associated meningitis in Mossel Bay, South Africa, December 2015-January 2016. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:709. [PMID: 30594238 PMCID: PMC6311073 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human enteroviruses (HEVs) are common causal agents of aseptic meningitis in young children. Laboratory and syndromic surveillance during December 2015 and January 2016 noted an unusually high number of paediatric aseptic meningitis cases at a hospital in Mossel Bay, Western Cape Province, South Africa. HEV was detected in clinical samples, prompting an outbreak investigation. METHODS Epidemiological investigations were conducted to ascertain possible linkage between cases. Amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 5'UTR and VP1 regions was undertaken to determine the HEV serotype associated with the outbreak as well as other cases of aseptic meningitis in the area in the preceding 6 weeks. RESULTS Over the 2-month period, 63 CSF samples were available for testing. A total of 43 outbreak cases (68.3%) were observed, and the 26 (60.5%) that could be typed were coxsackie virus A9 (CVA9). Children attending three crèche facilities were epidemiologically linked, accounting for 60.5% (26/43) of the CVA9 cases. The majority of patients were under 10 years of age (55/63, 87.3%) and there was a male predominance (66%). Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5'UTR and VP1 regions identified 2 lineages of CVA9 co-circulating during the outbreak, although the VP1 capsid protein sequence was identical as all nucleotide differences were synonymous. There was a unique isoleucine at position 64 and all outbreak viruses had a valine to threonine change in the hypervariable BC loop of VP1. Other HEV types circulating in the preceding period were echovirus 30 (n = 4), echovirus 5 (n = 3) and 1 each of echovirus 6, echovirus 9 and echovirus 15. CONCLUSION CVA9 was identified as the pathogen responsible for the large outbreak of aseptic meningitis, with 2 distinct co-circulating lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Smuts
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa and the National Health Laboratory Service, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
| | - Sarah Cronje
- Life Bay View Private Hospital, Ryk Tulbach Street & Alhof Drive, De Nova, Mossel Bay, 6506, South Africa
| | - Juno Thomas
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, 2130, South Africa
| | - Delene Brink
- PathCare George Laboratory, 1 Gloucester Avenue, George, 6529, South Africa
| | - Stephen Korsman
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa and the National Health Laboratory Service, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Diana Hardie
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa and the National Health Laboratory Service, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
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11
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Cisterna DM, Lema CL, Martinez LM, Verón E, Contarino LP, Acosta D, Freire MC. Atypical hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by Coxsackievirus A6 in Argentina in 2015. Rev Argent Microbiol 2018; 51:140-143. [PMID: 30269935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present two groups of cases of atypical hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) detected in Argentina in 2015. The first group involved 14 patients from Chubut province and the second group affected 12 patients from San Luis province. Molecular analysis of the complete VP1 protein gene revealed the circulation of E2 sublineage, the most predominant worldwide. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CV-A6 infections associated with atypical HFMD in Argentina and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Cisterna
- Servicio de Neurovirosis, INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbran, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cristina L Lema
- Servicio de Neurovirosis, INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbran, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leila M Martinez
- Servicio de Neurovirosis, INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbran, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Denise Acosta
- Hospital Zonal "Dr. Andres Isola", Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Freire
- Servicio de Neurovirosis, INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbran, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Farías AA, Mojsiejczuk LN, Pisano MB, Flores FS, Aguilar JJ, Jean AN, Yanes LA, Masachessi G, Prez VE, Isa MB, Campos RH, Ré VE, Nates SV. Environmental Surveillance of Enteroviruses in Central Argentina: First Detection and Evolutionary Analyses of E14. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2018; 10:121-126. [PMID: 28840537 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-017-9318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental surveillance is an effective approach to investigate the circulation of human enteroviruses in the population. Enteroviruses E14, CVA9, E-6, E16, E20, E25, E13, and CVA24 were detected in sewage and a watercourse in central Argentina. E14 was the most frequent serotype and was found for the first time in environmental samples in our region. Phylogenetic and coalescence analyses showed at least two recent introduction events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A Farías
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Laura N Mojsiejczuk
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B Pisano
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando S Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan J Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana N Jean
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura A Yanes
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gisela Masachessi
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Veronica E Prez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B Isa
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo H Campos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana E Ré
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia V Nates
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
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13
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Parisi SG, Basso M, Del Vecchio C, Andreis S, Franchin E, Bello FD, Pagni S, Biasolo MA, Manganelli R, Barzon L, Palù G. Virological testing of cerebrospinal fluid in children aged less than 14 years with a suspected central nervous system infection: A retrospective study on 304 consecutive children from January 2012 to May 2015. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016; 20:588-96. [PMID: 27129875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to describe the prevalence of HSV DNA, VZV DNA, Enterovirus RNA, Parechovirus RNA, CMV DNA, EBV DNA, adenovirus DNA, HHV-6 DNA, HHV-7 DNA, HHV-8 DNA and Parvovirus B19DNA in children aged less 14 years with a suspected viral infection of the central nervous system in a clinical practice setting. METHODS Between January 2012 and May 2015, cerebrospinal fluids from 304 children were tested with an in-house real-time PCR method. RESULTS A positive PCR was detected in 64 subjects (21%): the mean number of tests performed in patients who showed a viral infection was 7.5, significantly higher (p = 0.001) with respect to that reported in negative samples (6.4). Enterovirus is the leading virus detected: 12 out of the 37 positive children reported were newborns (85.7% of all the newborns with a positive result). The second most frequently identified virus was HHV-7 (5 positive PCR out of 105 samples tested, 4.8%, if we excluded a child with a concomitant S. pneumoniae isolated), a prevalence significantly higher with respect to VZV (p = 0.02) and to CMV (p = 0.04). HHV-6 was the third most commonly identified aetiology (4.2%). All children were immunocompetent. SIGNIFICANCE Only a minority of children had a specific viral aetiology identified: the rate of HHV-7 positivity suggests a routine testing of these viruses within the diagnostic algorithm in immunocompetent paediatric patients. This approach could help to define the clinical role of this herpesvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio G Parisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100 Padova, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Indirizzo: Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Monica Basso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100 Padova, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Indirizzo: Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Vecchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100 Padova, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Indirizzo: Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Samantha Andreis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Franchin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100 Padova, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Indirizzo: Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Dal Bello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100 Padova, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Indirizzo: Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvana Pagni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100 Padova, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Indirizzo: Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Biasolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100 Padova, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Indirizzo: Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Manganelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100 Padova, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Indirizzo: Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100 Padova, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Indirizzo: Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100 Padova, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Indirizzo: Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
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14
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Fu T, Wang L, Jin XN, Sui HJ, Liu Z, Jin Y. Hyperoside induces both autophagy and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:505-18. [PMID: 26948085 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside) is a flavonol glycoside found in plants of the genera Hypericum and Crataegus, which exhibits anticancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study we investigated whether autophagy was involved in the anticancer mechanisms of hyperoside in human non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro. METHODS Human non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 was tested, and human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B was used for comparison. The expression of LC3-II, apoptotic and signaling proteins was measured using Western blotting. Autophagosomes were observed with MDC staining, LC3 immunocytochemistry, and GFP-LC3 fusion protein techniques. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. RESULTS Hyperoside (0.5, 1, 2 mmol/L) dose-dependently increased the expression of LC3-II and autophagosome numbers in A549 cells, but had no such effects in BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, hyperoside dose-dependently inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K and 4E-BP1, but increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in A549 cells. Insulin (200 nmol/L) markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt and decreased LC3-II expression in A549 cells, which were reversed by pretreatment with hyperoside, whereas the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 (20 μmol/L) did not blocked hyperoside-induced LC3-II expression. Finally, hyperoside dose-dependently suppressed the cell viability and induced apoptosis in A549 cells, which were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (2.5 mmol/L). CONCLUSION Hyperoside induces both autophagy and apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro. The autophagy is induced through inhibiting the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signal pathways, which contributes to anticancer actions of hyperoside.
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