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Miranda S, Tonin FS, Pinto-Sousa C, Fortes-Gabriel E, Brito M. Genetic Profile of Rotavirus Type A in Children under 5 Years Old in Africa: A Systematic Review of Prevalence. Viruses 2024; 16:243. [PMID: 38400019 PMCID: PMC10893345 DOI: 10.3390/v16020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Human type A rotavirus (RV-A) is world-recognized as the major pathogen causing viral gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age. The literature indicates a substantial increase in the diversity of rotavirus strains across continents, especially in Africa, which can pose significant challenges including an increase of disease burden and a reduction of vaccines' effectiveness. However, few studies have mapped the variety of circulating virus strains in different regions, which may hamper decisions on epidemiological surveillance and preventive public health measures. Thus, our aim was to compile the most updated available evidence on the genetic profile of RV-A among children in Africa and determine the prevalence of different genotypes according to the geographical regions by means of a broad systematic review. Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo without language, time limits, or geographical restrictions within the African continent. We selected full-text peer-reviewed articles assessing the genetic profile (i.e., genotyping) of RV-A in children up to 5 years old in Africa. Overall, 682 records were retrieved, resulting in 75 studies included for evidence synthesis. These studies were published between 1999 and 2022, were conducted in 28 countries from the five African regions, and 48% of the studies were carried out for 24 months or more. Most studies (n = 55; 73.3%) evaluated RV-A cases before the introduction of the vaccines, while around 20% of studies (n = 13) presented data after the vaccine approval in each country. Only seven (9.3%) studies compared evidence from both periods (pre- and post-vaccine introduction). Genotyping methods to assess RV-A varied between RT-PCR, nested or multiplex RT-PCR, testing only the most common P and G-types. We observed G1 and P[8] to be the most prevalent strains in Africa, with values around 31% and 43%, respectively. Yet if all the genotypes with the following highest prevalence were added ((G1 + G2, G3, G9) and (P[8] + P[6], P[4])), these figures would represent 80% and 99% of the total prevalence. The combination G1P[8] was the most reported in the studies (around 22%). This review study demonstrated an increased strain diversity in the past two decades, which could represent a challenge to the efficacy of the current vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Miranda
- Faculdade de Medicine, Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola; (S.M.); (C.P.-S.)
- CISA-Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola, Caxito, Bengo, Angola;
- Clínica Girassol, Luanda, Angola
| | - Fernanda S. Tonin
- ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Carlos Pinto-Sousa
- Faculdade de Medicine, Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola; (S.M.); (C.P.-S.)
- UPRA-Universidade Privada de Angola, Luanda, Angola
| | - Elsa Fortes-Gabriel
- CISA-Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola, Caxito, Bengo, Angola;
- ISTM- Instituto Superior Técnico Militar, Luanda, Angola
| | - Miguel Brito
- CISA-Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola, Caxito, Bengo, Angola;
- ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal;
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Kim JS, Jeong HW, Park SH, Kim JA, Jin YH, Kim HS, Jung S, Lee JI, Lee JH. Genotypic shift in rotavirus associated with neonatal outbreaks in Seoul, Korea. J Clin Virol 2023; 164:105497. [PMID: 37253299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus group A (RVA) is a causative agent of acute gastroenteritis among young children worldwide, despite the global expansion of rotavirus vaccination. In Korea, although the prevalence of RVA has been reduced among young children owing to vaccination, nosocomial infections still occur among neonates. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of RVA strains associated with several neonatal outbreaks in Seoul from 2017 to 2020. STUDY DESIGN Clinical and environmental samples were collected and screened for the presence of RVA using ELISA and PCR targeting VP6, respectively. RVA-positive strains were genotyped via RT-PCR and subsequent sequencing of VP4 and VP7 and were phylogenetically compared with RVA strains from other countries. RESULTS During 2017-2020, a total of 15 RVA outbreaks occurred at neonatal facilities (six in hospital neonatal wards and nine in postpartum care centers) in Seoul, and only two RVA genotypes were detected: G4P[6] and G8P[6]. G8P[6] emerged in Seoul November 2018 and immediately became the predominant genotype among neonates, at least up to 2020. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the G8P[6] genotype in this study was closely related to G8P[6] strains first identified in Korea in 2017, but differed from G8P[6] strains detected in Africa. CONCLUSIONS A novel G8P[6] genotype of RVA strains has emerged and caused outbreaks among neonates in Seoul. Continued surveillance for circulating RVA genotypes is imperative to monitor genotype changes and their potential risks to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seok Kim
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Team, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Won Jeong
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Team, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Hyun Park
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Team, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ah Kim
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Team, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Jin
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Team, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jung
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Team, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae In Lee
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Team, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jib-Ho Lee
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Team, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Medeiros RS, França Y, Viana E, de Azevedo LS, Guiducci R, de Lima Neto DF, da Costa AC, Luchs A. Genomic Constellation of Human Rotavirus G8 Strains in Brazil over a 13-Year Period: Detection of the Novel Bovine-like G8P[8] Strains with the DS-1-like Backbone. Viruses 2023; 15:664. [PMID: 36992373 PMCID: PMC10056101 DOI: 10.3390/v15030664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RVA) G8 is frequently detected in animals, but only occasionally in humans. G8 strains, however, are frequently documented in nations in Africa. Recently, an increase in G8 detection was observed outside Africa. The aims of the study were to monitor G8 infections in the Brazilian human population between 2007 and 2020, undertake the full-genotype characterization of the four G8P[4], six G8P[6] and two G8P[8] RVA strains and conduct phylogenetic analysis in order to understand their genetic diversity and evolution. A total of 12,978 specimens were screened for RVA using ELISA, PAGE, RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. G8 genotype represented 0.6% (15/2434) of the entirely RVA-positive samples. G8P[4] comprised 33.3% (5/15), G8P[6] 46.7% (7/15) and G8P[8] 20% (3/15). All G8 strains showed a short RNA pattern. All twelve selected G8 strains displayed a DS-1-like genetic backbone. The whole-genotype analysis on a DS-1-like backbone identified four different genotype-linage constellations. According to VP7 analysis, the Brazilian G8P[8] strains with the DS-1-like backbone strains were derived from cattle and clustered with newly DS-1-like G1/G3/G9/G8P[8] strains and G2P[4] strains. Brazilian IAL-R193/2017/G8P[8] belonged to a VP1/R2.XI lineage and were grouped with bovine-like G8P[8] strains with the DS-1-like backbone strains detected in Asia. Otherwise, the Brazilian IAL-R558/2017/G8P[8] possess a "Distinct" VP1/R2 lineage never previously described and grouped apart from any of the DS-1-like reference strains. Collectively, our findings suggest that the Brazilian bovine-like G8P[8] strains with the DS-1-like backbone strains are continuously evolving and likely reassorting with local RVA strains rather than directly relating to imports from Asia. The Brazilian G8P[6]-DS-1-like strains have been reassorted with nearby co-circulating American strains of the same DS-1 genotype constellation. However, phylogenetic analyses revealed that these strains have some genetic origin from Africa. Finally, rather than being African-born, Brazilian G8P[4]-DS-1-like strains were likely imported from Europe. None of the Brazilian G8 strains examined here exhibited signs of recent zoonotic reassortment. G8 strains continued to be found in Brazil according to their intermittent and localized pattern, thus, does not suggest that a potential emergence is taking place in the country. Our research demonstrates the diversity of G8 RVA strains in Brazil and adds to the understanding of G8P[4]/P[6]/P[8] RVA genetic diversity and evolution on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Salzone Medeiros
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
| | - Yasmin França
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
| | - Ellen Viana
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
| | - Lais Sampaio de Azevedo
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
| | - Raquel Guiducci
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ferreira de Lima Neto
- General Coordination of Public Health Laboratories, Department of Strategic Articulation in Epidemiology and Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Brasília 70068-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Charlys da Costa
- Medical Parasitology Laboratory (LIM/46), São Paulo Tropical Medicine Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
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Nyaga MM, Sabiu S, Ndze VN, Dennis FE, Jere KC. Report of the 1st African Enteric Viruses Genome Initiative (AEVGI) Data and Bioinformatics Workshop on whole-genome analysis of some African rotavirus strains held in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Vaccine 2020; 38:5402-5407. [PMID: 32561119 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The University of the Free State - Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Unit, Bloemfontein, South Africa, hosted a data and bioinformatics workshop from 19 to 22 June 2018. The workshop was coordinated by the African Enteric Viruses Genome Initiative (AEVGI) with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The event introduced technologies in NGS and data analysis with focus on the rotavirus (RV) genome. The workshop fostered interactions and networking between professionals, scientific experts, technicians and students. The courses provided an overview of RV diarrhoea and its burden in Africa, while highlighting the key resources and methodologies in NGS and advanced bioinformatics in deciphering vaccine impact. It was concluded that, despite the reported significant decline in RV associated-diarrhoea mortality and morbidity in Africa due to RV vaccine impact, the need for continuous surveillance and genomic characterization to better understand the ever-changing dynamics of RV strains is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M Nyaga
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit, Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - Saheed Sabiu
- Biotechnology and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Valantine N Ndze
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon; USAID-IDDS Project Cameroon, ASLM, Cameroon
| | - Francis E Dennis
- Department of Electron Microscopy and Histopathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Khuzwayo C Jere
- Centre for Global Vaccine Research, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Ronald Ross Building, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK; Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme/Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
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Piedade J, Nordgren J, Esteves F, Esteves A, Teodósio R, Svensson L, Istrate C. Molecular epidemiology and host genetics of norovirus and rotavirus infections in Portuguese elderly living in aged care homes. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1014-1021. [PMID: 30735247 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) and rotavirus group A (RVA) are major agents of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. This study aimed to investigate their epidemiological profile in Portuguese elderly living in long-term care facilities and to assess the host genetic factors mediating infection susceptibility. From November 2013 to June 2015, 636 faecal specimens from 169 elderly, mainly asymptomatic, living in nursing homes in Greater Lisbon and Faro district, Portugal, were collected. NoV and RVA were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and NoV genotyped by phylogenetic analysis. NoV detection rate was 7.1% (12 of 169). Three GI.3 and one GII.6 strains were genotyped. RVA detection rate was 3.6% (6 of 169), exclusively in asymptomatic individuals. Host genetic factors associated with infection susceptibility were described on 250 samples by saliva-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The Lewis-negative phenotype was 8.8% (22 of 250) and the rate of nonsecretors was 16.8% (42 of 250). Association to NoV and RVA infection was performed in the subgroup of individuals (n = 147) who delivered both faecal and saliva samples. The majority of NoV- and RVA-positive individuals (90.9% and 83.3%, respectively) were secretor-positive, with Lewis B phenotype. In a subset of individuals, FUT2 and FUT3 genes were genotyped to assess mutations and validate the secretor and Lewis phenotypes. All sequenced nonsecretors were homozygous for FUT2 nonsense mutation G428A. In this study, low detection rates of NoV and RVA infections were found during two winter seasons. However, even in the absence of any outbreak, the importance of finding these infections in a nonepidemic situation in long-term care facilities may have important implications for infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Piedade
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Johan Nordgren
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Molecular Virology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Aida Esteves
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rosa Teodósio
- Unidade de Clínica Tropical, Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lennart Svensson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Molecular Virology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Division of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Claudia Istrate
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
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Bonkoungou IJO, Ouédraogo N, Tamini L, Teguera RK, Yaméogo P, Drabo MK, Medah I, Barro N, Sharma S, Svensson L, Nordgren J. Rotavirus and norovirus in children with severe diarrhea in Burkina Faso before rotavirus vaccine introduction. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1453-1460. [PMID: 29718582 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Burkina Faso introduced rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq) to the national immunization program in November 2013. This study describes the detection rates, clinical profiles, and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus and norovirus (NoV) infections among children <5 years hospitalized (n = 154) because of acute diarrhea in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, from December 2012 to November 2013, just before the start of vaccination. Overall, 44% and 23% of fecal samples were positive for rotavirus and NoV, respectively, most of them detected during the cold dry season (December-March). The predominant G/P combinations were G12P[8] (47%) and G6P[6] (30%). G2P[4] (n = 3), G12P[6] (n = 3), and G6P[8] (n = 1) were also detected. Nearly all (94%) successfully genotyped NoV strains belonged to genotype GII.4. The predominance of rotavirus and NoV was noteworthy in the age group ≤6 months, with 67% rotavirus and 22% NoV, respectively. Vomiting was significantly more common among rotavirus-infected children. To conclude, this study shows high detection rates of both rotavirus and NoV in children with severe diarrhea in Burkina Faso just before the introduction of rotavirus group A vaccination. The results can be used for estimating the impact of rotavirus group A vaccination, which started in the end of 2013. Furthermore, this study shows that the G6P[6] rotavirus strains emerging in Burkina Faso in 2010 is now established as a regionally important genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidore Juste O Bonkoungou
- UFR/SVT, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Ouaga 1, Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Department of Medical Biology, National Public Health Laboratory, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Nafissatou Ouédraogo
- UFR/SVT, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Ouaga 1, Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Laure Tamini
- UFR/SVT, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Ouaga 1, Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Department of Pediatric, Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Pouiré Yaméogo
- Department of Medical Biology, National Public Health Laboratory, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Maxime Koiné Drabo
- Department of Medical Biology, National Public Health Laboratory, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Isaïe Medah
- National Immunization Program, Ministry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Nicolas Barro
- UFR/SVT, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Ouaga 1, Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Division of Molecular Virology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lennart Svensson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Division of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Nordgren
- Division of Molecular Virology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Rotavirus A strains obtained from children with acute gastroenteritis in Mozambique, 2012-2013: G and P genotypes and phylogenetic analysis of VP7 and partial VP4 genes. Arch Virol 2017; 163:153-165. [PMID: 29052059 PMCID: PMC5756281 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In Mozambique rotavirus (RV) was shown to be the greatest cause of acute diarrhoea in infants from 0 to 11 months, and in 2015, national rotavirus vaccination was introduced. As with other developing countries, there is very limited active strain characterisation. Rotavirus positive clinical specimens, collected between 2012 and 2013, have now provided information on the genotypes circulating in southern Mozambique prior to vaccine introduction. Genotypes G2 (32.4%), G12 (28.0%), P[4] (41.4%) and P[6] (22.9%) (n = 157) strains were commonly detected with G2P[4] (42.3%) RVs being predominant, specifically during 2013. Phylogenetic evaluation of the VP7 and VP8* encoding genes showed, for the majority of the Mozambican strains, that they clustered with other African strains based on genotype. RVA/Human-wt/MOZ/0153/2013/G2P[4], RVA/Human-wt/MOZ/0308/2012/G2P[4] and RVA/Human-wt/MOZ/0288/2012/G12P[8] formed separate clusters from the other Mozambican strains with similar genotypes, suggesting possible reassortment. Amino acid substitutions in selected epitope regions also supported phylogenetic clustering. As expected, the VP7 and VP8* genes from the Mozambican strains differed from both the RotaTeq® (SC2-9) G2P[5] and Rotarix® (A41CB052A) G1P[8] genes. This study provides information on the genetic diversity of rotavirus strains prior to vaccine introduction and generates baseline data for future monitoring of any changes in rotavirus strains in response to vaccine pressure.
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Gasparinho C, Piedade J, Mirante MC, Mendes C, Mayer C, Vaz Nery S, Brito M, Istrate C. Characterization of rotavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in Bengo province, Northwestern Angola, prior to vaccine introduction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176046. [PMID: 28422995 PMCID: PMC5397047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus group A (RVA) is considered the leading cause of pediatric diarrhea, responsible for the high burden of diarrheal diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite recent studies, the existent data are scarce for some African countries like Angola, a country with one of the highest RVA-related death estimates. The aim of this study was to determine the RVA detection rate and circulating genotypes in children less than five years of age with acute gastroenteritis attended at the Bengo General Hospital in Caxito, Bengo province, Angola, before vaccine introduction. METHODS Between September 2012 and December 2013, 342 fecal specimens were collected from children enrolled. Positive samples for RVA by immunochromatographic rapid test were G and P-typed by hemi-nested type-specific multiplex PCR, and subgrouped for the VP6 gene. VP4 and VP7 genes from a subset of samples were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS During the study period, a high RVA detection rate was registered (25.1%, 86/342). The age group most affected by RVA infection includes children under 6 months of age (p<0.01). Vomiting was highly associated with RVA infection (72.1%; p<0.001). From the 86 RVA-positive samples, 72 (83.7%) were genotyped. The most prevalent genotype was G1P[8] (34/72; 47.2%), followed by the uncommon G1P[6] (21/72; 29.2%), and G2P[4] (9/72; 12.5%). Only two G-types were found: G1 (60/72; 83.3%) and G2 (11/72; 15.3%). Among the P-genotypes, P[8] was the most prevalent (34/72; 47.2%), followed by P[6] (22/72; 30.6%) and P[4] (9/72; 12.5%). In the phylogenetic trees, the identified G and P-types clustered tightly together and with reference sequences in specific monophyletic groups, with highly significant bootstrap values (≥92%). CONCLUSION This pre-vaccination study revealed, for the first time for Bengo province (Angola), the RVA genotype profile, including phylogenetic relationships, and a high RVA detection rate, supporting the immediate introduction of a RVA vaccine in the national immunization programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gasparinho
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Província do Bengo, Angola
| | - João Piedade
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Clara Mirante
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Província do Bengo, Angola
| | - Cristina Mendes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Mayer
- Hospital Geral do Bengo, Caxito, Província do Bengo, Angola
| | - Susana Vaz Nery
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Província do Bengo, Angola
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Miguel Brito
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Província do Bengo, Angola
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claudia Istrate
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
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Guntapong R, Tacharoenmuang R, Singchai P, Upachai S, Sutthiwarakom K, Komoto S, Tsuji T, Tharmaphornpilas P, Yoshikawa T, Sangkitporn S, Taniguchi K. Predominant prevalence of human rotaviruses with the G1P[8] and G8P[8] genotypes with a short RNA profile in 2013 and 2014 in Sukhothai and Phetchaboon provinces, Thailand. J Med Virol 2016; 89:615-620. [PMID: 27557434 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Of 2,754 stool specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis during 2013-2014 in Sukhothai and Phetchaboon provinces, Thailand, 666 (24.2%) were positive for rotavirus A (RVA) in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The G and P types of all RVA-positive specimens were determined by semi-nested RT-PCR. G1P[8] (56.5%) was most prevalent, followed by G2P[4] (22.1%). Unusual G8P[8] human RVAs (HuRVAs) were detected at a high frequency (20.0%). Interestingly, 171 of the 376 G1P[8] HuRVAs and all of the 133 G8P[8] HuRVAs showed a short RNA pattern in PAGE. Thus, it was shown that the properties of HuRVAs have been markedly unusual in recent years in Thailand. J. Med. Virol. 89:615-620, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratigorn Guntapong
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Ratana Tacharoenmuang
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Phakapun Singchai
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sompong Upachai
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Karun Sutthiwarakom
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Tsuji
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Somchai Sangkitporn
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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10
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Esteves A, Nordgren J, Pereira J, Fortes F, Dimbu R, Saraiva N, Mendes C, Istrate C. Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus in four provinces of Angola before vaccine introduction. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1511-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Esteves
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Medical Microbiology Unit, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; NOVA University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Johan Nordgren
- Medical Faculty, Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Linkoping University; Linkoping Sweden
| | - Joana Pereira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Medical Microbiology Unit, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; NOVA University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Filomeno Fortes
- Department of Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health; National Program for Malaria Control; Luanda Angola
| | - Rafael Dimbu
- Department of Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health; National Program for Malaria Control; Luanda Angola
| | - Nilton Saraiva
- Department of Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health; National Program for Malaria Control; Luanda Angola
| | - Cristina Mendes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Medical Microbiology Unit, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; NOVA University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Claudia Istrate
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Medical Microbiology Unit, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; NOVA University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
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11
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Comparative analysis of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine strains and G8 rotaviruses identified during vaccine trial in Africa. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14658. [PMID: 26440913 PMCID: PMC4594120 DOI: 10.1038/srep14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RotaTeqTM is a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine based on a bovine rotavirus genetic backbone in vitro reassorted with human outer capsid genes. During clinical trials of RotaTeqTM in Sub-Saharan Africa, the vaccine efficacy over a 2-year follow-up was lower against the genotypes contained in the vaccine than against the heterotypic G8P[6] and G8P[1] rotavirus strains of which the former is highly prevalent in Africa. Complete genome analyses of 43 complete rotavirus genomes collected during phase III clinical trials of RotaTeqTM in Sub-Saharan Africa, were conducted to gain insight into the high level of cross-protection afforded by RotaTeqTM against these G8 strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of a high number of bovine rotavirus gene segments in these human G8 strains. In addition, we performed an in depth analysis on the individual amino acid level which showed that G8 rotaviruses were more similar to the RotaTeqTM vaccine than non-G8 strains. Because RotaTeqTM possesses a bovine genetic backbone, the high vaccine efficacy against G8 strains might be partially explained by the fact that all these strains contain a complete or partial bovine-like backbone. Altogether, this study supports the hypothesis that gene segments other than VP7 and VP4 play a role in vaccine-induced immunity.
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