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Wang J, Sun C, Hu Z, Wang F, Chang J, Gao M, Ye D, Jia Q, Zou H, Willems L, Jiang Z, Yin X. Development of a novel monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for antibody detection against bovine leukemia virus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131446. [PMID: 38621561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Infection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) leads to enzootic bovine leukosis, the most prevalent neoplastic disease in cattle. Due to the lack of commercially available vaccines, reliable eradication of the disease can be achieved through the testing and elimination of BLV antibody-positive animals. In this study, we developed a novel competitive ELISA (cELISA) to detect antibodies against BLV capsid protein p24. Recombinant p24 protein expressed by Escherichia coli, in combination with the monoclonal antibody 2G11 exhibiting exceptional performance, was used for the establishment of the cELISA. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 98.85 % and 98.13 %, respectively. Furthermore, the established cELISA was specific for detecting BLV-specific antibodies, without cross-reactivity to antisera for six other bovine viruses. Significantly, experimental infection of cattle and sheep with BLV revealed that the cELISA accurately monitors seroconversion. In a performance evaluation, the established cELISA displayed a high agreement with Western blotting and the commercial BLV gp51 cELISA kit in the detection of 242 clinical samples, respectively. In conclusion, the novel p24 cELISA exhibited the potential to be a reliable and efficient diagnostic tool for BLV serological detection with a broad application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Jitao Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; Institute of Western Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Dandan Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Qi Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hui Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Luc Willems
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Zhigang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
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Lv G, Wang J, Lian S, Wang H, Wu R. The Global Epidemiology of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Current Trends and Future Implications. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:297. [PMID: 38254466 PMCID: PMC10812804 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), which is the most significant neoplastic disease in cattle. Although EBL has been successfully eradicated in most European countries, infections continue to rise in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Japan, and the United States. BLV imposes a substantial economic burden on the cattle industry, particularly in dairy farming, as it leads to a decline in animal production performance and increases the risk of disease. Moreover, trade restrictions on diseased animals and products between countries and regions further exacerbate the problem. Recent studies have also identified fragments of BLV nucleic acid in human breast cancer tissues, raising concerns for public health. Due to the absence of an effective vaccine, controlling the disease is challenging. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately detect and diagnose BLV at an early stage to control its spread and minimize economic losses. This review provides a comprehensive examination of BLV, encompassing its genomic structure, epidemiology, modes of transmission, clinical symptoms, detection methods, hazards, and control strategies. The aim is to provide strategic information for future BLV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxin Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (G.L.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
- China Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jianfa Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (G.L.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
- China Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shuai Lian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (G.L.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
- China Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (G.L.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
- China Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (G.L.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
- China Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- College of Biology and Agriculture, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
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3
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Bai L, Soya M, Ichikawa M, Matsuura R, Arimura Y, Wada S, Aida Y. Antigenicity of subregions of recombinant bovine leukemia virus (BLV) glycoprotein gp51 for antibody detection. J Virol Methods 2023; 311:114644. [PMID: 36332713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an enveloped virus, found worldwide that can infect cattle and induce many subclinical symptoms and malignant tumors. BLV infection causes severe economic losses in the cattle industry. The identification of BLV-infected cattle for segregation or elimination would be the most effective way to halt the spread of BLV infection on farms, owing to the lack of effective treatments and vaccines. Therefore, antibody detection against the viral glycoprotein gp51 is an effective method for diagnosing BLV-infected animals. In this study, ten different subregions of gp51 containing a common B cell epitope are vital for developing antigens as epitope-driven vaccine design and immunological assays. Such antigens were produced in Escherichia coli expression system to react with antibodies in the serum from BLV-infected cattle and compete for antigenicity. Recombinant His-gp5156-110 and gp5133-301(full) had the same sensitivity in BLV-positive sera, indicating that antibodies responded to the limited subregion of viral gp51, a common B cell epitope. This finding provides significant information for antigen selection in BLV to use in antibody detection assays. Further studies are needed to evaluate the antigenicity of His-gp5156-110 and gp5133-301(full) as antigens for antibody detection assays using a larger number of bovine serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Bai
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 0208551, Japan
| | - Mariko Soya
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan
| | - Minori Ichikawa
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Host Defense for Animals. Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 1808602, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuura
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan
| | - Yutaka Arimura
- Host Defense for Animals. Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 1808602, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan.
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4
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Yamanaka MP, Saito S, Hara Y, Matsuura R, Takeshima SN, Hosomichi K, Matsumoto Y, Furuta RA, Takei M, Aida Y. No evidence of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA and antibodies in human specimens from Japan. Retrovirology 2022; 19:7. [PMID: 35585539 PMCID: PMC9116711 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-022-00592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential risk and association of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) with human remains controversial as it has been reported to be both positive and negative in human breast cancer and blood samples. Therefore, establishing the presence of BLV in comprehensive human clinical samples in different geographical locations is essential. Result In this study, we examined the presence of BLV proviral DNA in human blood and breast cancer tissue specimens from Japan. PCR analysis of BLV provirus in 97 Japanese human blood samples and 23 breast cancer tissues showed negative result for all samples tested using long-fragment PCR and highly-sensitive short-fragment PCR amplification. No IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in any of the 97 human serum samples using BLV gp51 and p24 indirect ELISA test. Western blot analysis also showed negative result for IgG and IgM antibodies in all tested human serum samples. Conclusion Our results indicate that Japanese human specimens including 97 human blood, 23 breast cancer tissues, and 97 serum samples were negative for BLV. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12977-022-00592-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meripet Polat Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Susumu Saito
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hara
- Division of Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shin-Nosuke Takeshima
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Jumonji University, Saitama, 352-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Rika A Furuta
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, 135-8521, Japan
| | - Masami Takei
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan. .,Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
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5
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Marawan MA, Alouffi A, El Tokhy S, Badawy S, Shirani I, Dawood A, Guo A, Almutairi MM, Alshammari FA, Selim A. Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112167. [PMID: 34834973 PMCID: PMC8618541 DOI: 10.3390/v13112167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that is closely related to human T-cell leukaemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2). It causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which is the most important neoplastic disease in cattle. Most BLV-infected cattle are asymptomatic, which potentiates extremely high shedding rates of the virus in many cattle populations. Approximately 30% of them show persistent lymphocytosis that has various clinical outcomes; only a small proportion of animals (less than 5%) exhibit signs of EBL. BLV causes major economic losses in the cattle industry, especially in dairy farms. Direct costs are due to a decrease in animal productivity and in cow longevity; indirect costs are caused by restrictions that are placed on the import of animals and animal products from infected areas. Most European regions have implemented an efficient eradication programme, yet BLV prevalence remains high worldwide. Control of the disease is not feasible because there is no effective vaccine against it. Therefore, detection and early diagnosis of the disease are essential in order to diminish its spreading and the economic losses it causes. This review comprises an overview of bovine leukosis, which highlights the epidemiology of the disease, diagnostic tests that are used and effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marawan A. Marawan
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (I.S.); (A.D.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Abdulaziz Alouffi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia;
- The Chair of Vaccines Research for Infectious Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Suleiman El Tokhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt;
| | - Sara Badawy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt;
- Natural Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ihsanullah Shirani
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (I.S.); (A.D.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Para-Clinic Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jalalabad 2601, Afghanistan
| | - Ali Dawood
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (I.S.); (A.D.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Infectious Diseases, Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (I.S.); (A.D.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Mashal M. Almutairi
- The Chair of Vaccines Research for Infectious Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 22334, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahdah Ayed Alshammari
- College of Sciences and Literature Microbiology, Nothern Border University, Arar 73211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelfattah Selim
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (A.G.); (A.S.)
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6
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Borjigin L, Yoneyama S, Saito S, Polat M, Inokuma M, Shinozaki Y, Tanaka N, Yamanaka R, Yasui A, Mimura M, Murakami H, Takeshima SN, Aida Y. A novel real time PCR assay for bovine leukemia virus detection using mixed probes and degenerate primers targeting novel BLV strains. J Virol Methods 2021; 297:114264. [PMID: 34411645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, the most common neoplastic disease in cattle. We previously developed the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay to measure the proviral loads of BLV using coordination of common motif (CoCoMo) degenerate primers. We here found four single mutations within the probe region of the original BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR assay, three of which have negative impact on its sensitivity in the probe sequences of the long terminal regions of the BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR-2 assay, using genomic DNA from 887 cows from 27 BLV-positive farms via a nationwide survey conducted in 2011 and 2017 in Japan. Therefore, the modified probes were designed to completely match the three BLV mutant strains identified here. Moreover, we examined the optimum ratio of the concentration to be mixed with the wild type and three new BLV TaqMan probes were designed here using genomic DNAs extracted from cattle naturally infected with the wild type BLV strain and three mutant strains. Finally, we successfully established an improved assay maintained the original sensitivity and reproducibility and can detect novel BLV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liushiqi Borjigin
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shuji Yoneyama
- Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Tochigi Prefecture, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-0905, Japan
| | - Susumu Saito
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Meripet Polat
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Michihito Inokuma
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Chiba Prefecture, Chiba, Chiba, 262-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinozaki
- Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Chiba Prefecture, Kamogawa, Chiba, 296-0033, Japan
| | - Naoko Tanaka
- Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Chiba Prefecture, Kamogawa, Chiba, 296-0033, Japan
| | - Risa Yamanaka
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Saitama Prefecture, Kumagaya, Saitama, 360-0813, Japan
| | - Anna Yasui
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Saitama Prefecture, Kumagaya, Saitama, 360-0813, Japan
| | - Munehito Mimura
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Saitama Prefecture, Kumagaya, Saitama, 360-0813, Japan
| | - Hironobu Murakami
- Laboratory of Animal Health Ⅱ, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Shin-Nosuke Takeshima
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Jumonji University, Niiza, Saitama, 352-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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7
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Matsuura R, Inabe K, Otsuki H, Kurokawa K, Dohmae N, Aida Y. Three YXXL Sequences of a Bovine Leukemia Virus Transmembrane Protein are Independently Required for Fusion Activity by Controlling Expression on the Cell Membrane. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121140. [PMID: 31835517 PMCID: PMC6950344 DOI: 10.3390/v11121140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which is closely related to human T-cell leukemia viruses, is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, the most common neoplastic disease of cattle. The transmembrane subunit of the BLV envelope glycoprotein, gp30, contains three completely conserved YXXL sequences that fit an endocytic sorting motif. The two N-terminal YXXL sequences are reportedly critical for viral infection. However, their actual function in the viral life cycle remains undetermined. Here, we identified the novel roles of each YXXL sequence. Syncytia formation ability was upregulated by a single mutation of the tyrosine (Tyr) residue in any of the three YXXL sequences, indicating that each YXXL sequence is independently able to regulate the fusion event. The alteration resulted from significantly high expression of gp51 on the cell surface, thereby decreasing the amount of gp51 in early endosomes and further revealing that the three YXXL sequences are independently required for internalization of the envelope (Env) protein, following transport to the cell surface. Moreover, the 2nd and 3rd YXXL sequences contributed to Env protein incorporation into the virion by functionally distinct mechanisms. Our findings provide new insights regarding the three YXXL sequences toward the BLV viral life cycle and for developing new anti-BLV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsuura
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazunori Inabe
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Otsuki
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone program, Riken Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Correspondence:
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8
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Triple Immunochromatographic System for Simultaneous Serodiagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis, Tuberculosis, and Leukemia. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9040115. [PMID: 31569488 PMCID: PMC6956381 DOI: 10.3390/bios9040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An immunochromatographic test system has been developed for the simultaneous rapid multiplex serodiagnostics of bovine brucellosis, tuberculosis, and leukemia. The test system is based on the use of a conjugate of gold nanoparticles with the chimeric protein Cysteine-A/G and three analytical zones with immobilized pathogen antigens: Brucella abortus lipolysaccharide, recombinant proteins MPB64 and MPB83-MPB63 of Mycobacterium bovis, and recombinant protein p24 of the bovine leukemia virus. Prototypes of the test system were tested on 98 samples of sera from healthy and infected animals. The diagnostic sensitivity of the developed test system was 92% for brucellosis, 92% for tuberculosis, and 96% for leukemia. False positive test results were not observed.
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