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Orsi B, Sestari I, Preczenhak AP, de Abreu Vieira AP, Tessmer MA, da Silva Souza MA, Hassimotto NMA, Kluge RA. Fruits from tomato carotenoid mutants have altered susceptibility to grey mold. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 204:108100. [PMID: 37864928 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The necrotrophic fungus Botritys cinerea takes advantage of the oxidative burst to facilitate tissue infection, leading to substantial losses during tomato postharvest. Tomato fruit is a source of carotenoids, pigments with a wide variety of isomeric configurations that determine their antioxidant capacity. Here, fruit susceptibility to B. cinerea was assessed in Micro-Tom Near Isogenic lines harboring mutations that alter the profile of carotenoids. Wound-inoculated fruit of the mutants Delta carotene (Del) and tangerine (t), which show large variety of carotenoids rather than the major accumulation of trans-lycopene, were less susceptible to the pathogen. Differences in susceptibility between the mutants were only observed in ripe fruit, after the formation of carotenoids, and they were associated with attenuation of damage caused by reactive oxygen species. The greater variety of carotenoid isomers, which in turn contributed to the greater lipophilic antioxidant capacity of fruit, was associated with the less susceptible mutants, Del and t. Together, our data reveals a potential activity of carotenoids in fruit defense, in addition to the well-known and widespread ecological role as attractors of seed dispersers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Orsi
- University of São Paulo, Department of Biological Sciences, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ivan Sestari
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Biological and Agronomical Sciences, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Preczenhak
- University of São Paulo, Department of Biological Sciences, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Krawczyk B, Zięba N, Kaźmierczak A, Czarny-Krzymińska K, Szczukocki D. Growth inhibition, oxidative stress and characterisation of mortality in green algae under the influence of beta-blockers and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Sci Total Environ 2023; 896:165019. [PMID: 37353012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Bisoprolol and ketoprofen are widely used pharmaceuticals in medical treatment hence these substances are occurring in wastewaters and in water environment. This research investigated the toxic effects of bisoprolol and ketoprofen on two microalgae taxa, Chlorella vulgaris and Desmodesmus armatus. The results showed that both drugs inhibited the growth of the species tested and induced a decrease in chlorophyll a content compared to controls. Ketoprofen turned out to be harmful to algae as the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values (14 days) were 37.69 mg L-1 for C. vulgaris and 40.93 mg L-1 for D. armatus. On the other hand, for bisoprolol, the EC50 values were greater than the established NOEC, 100 mg L-1. Bisoprolol and ketoprofen induced oxidative stress in the tested microorganisms, as indicated by changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Exposure to 100 mg L-1 of drugs significantly increased the activity of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Fluorescence microscopy showed that both medicaments changed the cells' morphology. There was atrophy of chlorophyll in the cells, moreover, dying multinuclear cells and cells without nuclei were observed. In addition, there were atrophic cells, namely cells that lacked nuclei and chlorophyll. Profile area analyses showed that bisoprolol and ketoprofen treated C. vulgaris cells were approximately 4 and 2 times greater compared to control ones. Our experimental findings highlight the ecotoxicological threats for aquatic primary producers from bisoprolol and ketoprofen and provide insight into the characteristics of their death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Krawczyk
- Laboratory of Environmental Threats, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 91-403 Lodz, Tamka 12, Poland.
| | - Natalia Zięba
- Laboratory of Environmental Threats, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 91-403 Lodz, Tamka 12, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Pomorska 141/143, Poland
| | - Karolina Czarny-Krzymińska
- Laboratory of Environmental Threats, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 91-403 Lodz, Tamka 12, Poland
| | - Dominik Szczukocki
- Laboratory of Environmental Threats, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 91-403 Lodz, Tamka 12, Poland
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Xiang Q, Zhou Y, Tan C. Toxicity Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics with Different Sizes on Freshwater Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093958. [PMID: 37175372 PMCID: PMC10180472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous nature of plastics, particularly nanoplastics, raises concern about their potential effects on primary producer microalgae. Currently, the impacts and potential mechanisms of nanoplastics on microalgae are not fully understood. In this study, the effects of two plain commercial polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) with different sizes (50 nm and 70 nm) on C. vulgaris were assessed in a concentration range of 0-50 mg/L during 72 h exposure periods. Results revealed that both PS-NPs have dose-dependent toxicity effects on C. vulgaris, as confirmed by the decrease of growth rates, chlorophyll a and esterase activities, and the increase of ROS, MDA, and membrane damage. The membrane damage was caused by the agglomeration of PS-NPs on microalgae and may be the key reason for the toxicity. Compared with 70 nm PS-NPs (72 h EC50 >50 mg/L), 50 nm PS-NPs posed greater adverse effects on algae, with an EC50-72h of 19.89 mg/L. FTIR results also proved the stronger variation of macromolecules in the 50 nm PS-NPs treatment group. This phenomenon might be related to the properties of PS-NPs in exposure medium. The lower absolute zeta potential value of 50 nm PS-NPs induced the stronger interaction between PS-NPs and algae as compared to 70 nm PS-NPs, leading to severe membrane damage and the loss of esterase activity as well as settlement. These findings emphasized the importance of considering the impacts of commercial PS-NPs properties in toxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Environmental Microplastic Pollution Research Center, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chengxia Tan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Hong JK, Sook Jo Y, Jeong DH, Woo SM, Park JY, Yoon DJ, Lee YH, Choi SH, Park CJ. Vapours from plant essential oils to manage tomato grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:985-996. [PMID: 37024158 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Tomato grey mould has been a great concern during tomato production. The in vitro antifungal activity of vapours emitted from four plant essential oils (EOs) (cinnamon oil, fennel oil, origanum oil, and thyme oil) were evaluated during in vitro conidial germination and mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould. Cinnamon oil vapour was the most effective in suppressing conidial germination, whereas the four EOs showed similar activities regarding inhibiting mycelial growth in dose-dependent manners. The in planta protection effect of the four EO vapours was also investigated by measuring necrotic lesions on tomato leaves inoculated by B. cinerea. Grey mould lesions on the inoculated leaves were reduced by the vapours from cinnamon oil, origanum oil and thyme oil at different levels, but fennel oil did not limit the spread of the necrotic lesions. Decreases in cuticle defect, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide production in the B. cinerea-inoculated leaves were correlated with reduced lesions by the cinnamon oil vapours. The reduced lesions by the cinnamon oil vapour were well matched with arrested fungal proliferation on the inoculated leaves. The cinnamon oil vapour regulated tomato defence-related gene expression in the leaves with or without fungal inoculation. These results suggest that the plant essential oil vapours, notably cinnamon oil vapour, can provide eco-friendly alternatives to manage grey mould during tomato production.
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Gao F, Wang R, Shi Y, Shen H, Yang L. Reactive oxygen metabolism in the proliferation of Korean pine embryogenic callus cells promoted by exogenous GSH. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2218. [PMID: 36755060 PMCID: PMC9908892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous glutathione (GSH) promotes the proliferation of embryogenic callus (EC) cells in Korean pine in the course of somatic embryogenesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play an important role in regulating the proliferation of EC cells by exogenous GSH. However, the concrete metabolic response of ROS is unclear. In this study, two cell lines of Korean pine with high proliferative potential 001#-001 (F, Fast proliferative potential cell line is abbreviated as F) and low proliferative potential 001#-010 (S, Slow proliferative potential cell line is abbreviated as S) were used as test materials. The responses of ROS-related enzymes and substances to exogenous GSH and L-Buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) were investigated in EC cells. The results showed that the exogenous addition of GSH increased the number of early somatic embryogenesis (SEs) in EC cells of both F and S cell lines, decreased the amount of cell death in both cell lines. Exogenous addition of GSH promoted cell division in both cell lines, increased intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, inhibited intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) production, and increased NO/ROS ratio. In conclusion, the exogenous GSH promoting the proliferation of Korean pine EC cells, the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes was enhanced, the ROS level was reduced, and the resistance of cells to stress was enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biotechnology, Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China. .,State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China. .,State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
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Khan M, Ali S, Al Azzawi TNI, Saqib S, Ullah F, Ayaz A, Zaman W. The Key Roles of ROS and RNS as a Signaling Molecule in Plant-Microbe Interactions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36829828 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a pivotal role in the dynamic cell signaling systems in plants, even under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Over the past two decades, various studies have endorsed the notion that these molecules can act as intracellular and intercellular signaling molecules at a very low concentration to control plant growth and development, symbiotic association, and defense mechanisms in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. However, the upsurge of ROS and RNS under stressful conditions can lead to cell damage, retarded growth, and delayed development of plants. As signaling molecules, ROS and RNS have gained great attention from plant scientists and have been studied under different developmental stages of plants. However, the role of RNS and RNS signaling in plant-microbe interactions is still unknown. Different organelles of plant cells contain the enzymes necessary for the formation of ROS and RNS as well as their scavengers, and the spatial and temporal positions of these enzymes determine the signaling pathways. In the present review, we aimed to report the production of ROS and RNS, their role as signaling molecules during plant-microbe interactions, and the antioxidant system as a balancing system in the synthesis and elimination of these species.
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Khattab IM, Fischer J, Kaźmierczak A, Thines E, Nick P. Ferulic acid is a putative surrender signal to stimulate programmed cell death in grapevines after infection with Neofusicoccum parvum. Plant Cell Environ 2023; 46:339-358. [PMID: 36263963 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An apoplectic breakdown from grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) has become a serious challenge to viticulture as a consequence of drought stress. We hypothesize that fungal aggressiveness is controlled by a chemical communication between the host and colonizing fungus. We introduce the new concept of a 'plant surrender signal' accumulating in host plants under stress and facilitating the aggressive behaviour of the strain Neofusicoccum parvum (Bt-67) causing Botryosphaeriaceae-related dieback in grapevines. Using a cell-based experimental system (Vitis cells) and bioactivity-guided fractionation, we identify trans-ferulic acid, a monolignol precursor, as a 'surrender signal'. We show that this signal specifically activates the secretion of the fungal phytotoxin fusicoccin A aglycone. We show further that this phytotoxin, mediated by 14-3-3 proteins, activates programmed cell death in Vitis cells. We arrive at a model showing a chemical communication facilitating fusicoccin A secretion that drives necrotrophic behaviour during Botryosphaeriaceae-Vitis interaction through trans-ferulic acid. We thus hypothesize that channelling the phenylpropanoid pathway from this lignin precursor to the trans-resveratrol phytoalexin could be a target for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Khattab
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Jochen Fischer
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Eckhard Thines
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Singh Y, Sharma R, Mishra M, Verma PK, Saxena AK. Crystal structure of ArOYE6 reveals a novel C‐terminal helical extension and mechanistic insights into the distinct class III OYEs from pathogenic fungi. FEBS J 2022; 289:5531-5550. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeshveer Singh
- Plant Immunity Laboratory National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi India
| | - Ruby Sharma
- Rm‐403/440 Structural Biology Laboratory School of Life Science Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Manasi Mishra
- Plant Immunity Laboratory National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- Plant Immunity Laboratory National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi India
- Plant Immunity Laboratory School of Life Science Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Ajay Kumar Saxena
- Rm‐403/440 Structural Biology Laboratory School of Life Science Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
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Jiang Y, Kang Q, Yin Z, Sun J, Wang B, Zeng XA, Zhao D, Li H, Huang M. Content changes of Jiupei tripeptide Tyr-Gly-Asp during simulated distillation process of baijiu and the potential in vivo antioxidant ability investigation. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chakraborty N. Salicylic acid and nitric oxide cross-talks to improve innate immunity and plant vigor in tomato against Fusarium oxysporum stress. Plant Cell Rep 2021; 40:1415-1427. [PMID: 34109470 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Foliar application of SA cross-talks and induce endogenous nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species to improve innate immunity and vigor of tomato plant against Fusarium oxysporum stress. The present investigation was aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of salicylic acid (SA), as a powerful elicitor or plant growth regulator (PGR) and its cross-talk with nitric oxide (NO) in tomato against the biotic stress caused by wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Different defense-related enzymes and gene expression, phenol, flavonoid, and phenolic acid content along with NO generation and other physiological characters have been estimated after foliar application of SA. Total chlorophyll content was steadily maintained and the amount of death of cells was negligible after 72 h of SA treatment. Significant reduction of disease incidence was also recorded in SA treated sets. Simultaneously, NO generation was drastically improved at this stage, which has been justified by both spectrophotometrically and microscopically. A direct correlation between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and NO has been established. Production of defense enzymes, gene expressions, different phenolic acids was positively influenced by SA treatment. However, tomato plants treated with SA along with NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor or NO scavenger significantly reduce all those parameters tested. On the other hand, NO donor-treated plants showed the same inductive effect like SA. Furthermore, SA treated seeds of tomato also showed improved physiological parameters like higher seedling vigor index, shoot and root length, mean trichome density, etc. It is speculated that the cross-talk between SA and endogenous NO have tremendous ability to improve defense responses and growth of the tomato plant. It can be utilized in future sustainable agriculture for bimodal action.
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Jo YS, Park HB, Kim JY, Choi SM, Lee DS, Kim DH, Lee YH, Park CJ, Jeun YC, Hong JK. Menadione Sodium Bisulfite-Protected Tomato Leaves against Grey Mould via Antifungal Activity and Enhanced Plant Immunity. Plant Pathol J 2020; 36:335-345. [PMID: 32788892 PMCID: PMC7403521 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2020.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tomato grey mould has been one of the destructive fungal diseases during tomato production. Ten mM of menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) was applied to tomato plants for eco-friendly control of the grey mould. MSB-reduced tomato grey mould in the 3rd true leaves was prolonged at least 7 days prior to the fungal inoculation of two inoculum densities (2 × 104 and 2 × 105 conidia/ml) of Botrytis cinerea. Protection efficacy was significantly higher in the leaves inoculated with the lower disease pressure of conidial suspension compared to the higher one. MSB-pretreatment was not effective to arrest oxalic acid-triggered necrosis on tomato leaves. Plant cell death and hydrogen peroxide accumulation were restricted in necrotic lesions of the B. cinereainoculated leaves by the MSB-pretreatment. Decreased conidia number and germ-tube elongation of B. cinerea were found at 10 h, and mycelial growth was also impeded at 24 h on the MSB-pretreated leaves. MSBmediated disease suppressions were found in cotyledons and different positions (1st to 5th) of true leaves inoculated with the lower conidial suspension, but only 1st to 3rd true leaves showed decreases in lesion sizes by the higher inoculum density. Increasing MSB-pretreatment times more efficiently decreased the lesion size by the higher disease pressure. MSB led to inducible expressions of defence-related genes SlPR1a, SlPR1b, SlPIN2, SlACO1, SlChi3, and SlChi9 in tomato leaves prior to B. cinerea infection. These results suggest that MSB pretreatment can be a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for environment-friendly management of tomato grey mould.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Sook Jo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Hye Bin Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Seong Min Choi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Da Sol Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Park
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Yong-Chull Jeun
- College of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Industry, The Research Institute for Subtropical Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Jeum Kyu Hong
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-55-751-3251, FAX) +82-55-751-3257, E-mail) , ORCID, Jeum Kyu Hong, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9161-511X
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Gao X, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Yang J, He H, Jia G. The lre-miR159a-LrGAMYB pathway mediates resistance to grey mould infection in Lilium regale. Mol Plant Pathol 2020; 21:749-760. [PMID: 32319186 PMCID: PMC7214475 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Grey mould is one of the most determinative factors of lily growth and plays a major role in limiting lily productivity. MicroRNA159 (miR159) is a highly conserved microRNA in plants, and participates in the regulation of plant development and stress responses. Our previous studies revealed that lre-miR159a participates in the response of Lilium regale to Botrytis elliptica according to deep sequencing analyses; however, the response mechanism remains unknown. Here, lre-miR159a and its target LrGAMYB gene were isolated from L. regale. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing lre-MIR159a exhibited larger leaves and smaller necrotic spots on inoculation with Botrytis than those of wild-type and overexpressing LrGAMYB plants. The lre-MIR159a overexpression also led to repressed expression of two targets of miR159, AtMYB33 and AtMYB65, and enhanced accumulation of hormone-related genes, including AtPR1, AtPR2, AtNPR1, AtPDF1.2, and AtLOX for both the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways. Moreover, lower levels of H2 O2 and O2- were observed in lre-MIR159a transgenic Arabidopsis, which reduced the damage from reactive oxygen species accumulation. Taken together, these results indicate that lre-miR159a positively regulates resistance to grey mould by repressing the expression of its target LrGAMYB gene and activating a defence response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological EnvironmentBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingPR China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingPR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological EnvironmentBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingPR China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingPR China
| | - Yu‐Qian Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological EnvironmentBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingPR China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingPR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological EnvironmentBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingPR China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingPR China
| | - Heng‐Bin He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological EnvironmentBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingPR China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingPR China
| | - Gui‐Xia Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological EnvironmentBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingPR China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingPR China
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Maurya R, Singh Y, Sinha M, Singh K, Mishra P, Singh SK, Verma S, Prabha K, Kumar K, Verma PK. Transcript profiling reveals potential regulators for oxidative stress response of a necrotrophic chickpea pathogen Ascochyta rabiei. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:117. [PMID: 32117678 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotrophic pathogens experience host-generated oxidative stress during pathogenesis. They overcome such hostile environment by intricate mechanisms which are largely understudied. In this article, reference-based transcriptome analysis of a devastating Ascochyta Blight (AB) disease causing chickpea pathogen Ascochyta rabiei was explored to get insights into survival mechanisms under oxidative stress. Here, expression profiling of mock-treated and menadione-treated fungus was carried out by RNA-Seq approach. A significant number of genes in response to oxidative stress were overrepresented, suggestive of a robust and coordinated defense system of A. rabiei. A total 73 differentially expressed genes were filtered out from both the transcriptomes, among them 64 were up-regulated and 9 were found down-regulated. The gene ontology and KEGG mapping were conducted to comprehend the possible regulatory roles of differentially expressed genes in metabolic networks and biosynthetic pathways. Transcript profiling, KEGG pathway and gene ontology-based enrichment analysis revealed 12 (16.43%) stress responsive factors, 25 (34.24%) virulence associated genes, 10 (13.69%) putative effectors and 28 (38.35%) important interacting proteins associated with various metabolic pathways. In addition, genes with differential expression were further explored for underlying putative pathogenicity factors. We identified five genes ST47_g10291, ST47_g9396, ST47_g10294, ST47_g4395, and ST47_g7191 that were common to stress and fungal pathogenicity. The factors recognized in this work can be used to establish molecular tools to explain the regulatory gene networks engaged in stress response of fungal pathogens and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Maurya
- 1Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Yeshveer Singh
- 1Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Manisha Sinha
- 1Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Kunal Singh
- 1Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
- 2Present Address: Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Pallavi Mishra
- 1Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Shreenivas Kumar Singh
- 1Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Sandhya Verma
- 1Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Kanchan Prabha
- 1Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Kamal Kumar
- 1Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- 1Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
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Yadav P, Mir ZA, Ali S, Papolu PK, Grover A. A combined transcriptional, biochemical and histopathological study unravels the complexity of Alternaria resistance and susceptibility in Brassica coenospecies. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:44-53. [PMID: 31892376 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alternaria blight is one of the most devastating diseases of rapeseed-mustard caused by a necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicae. Lack of satisfactory resistance resource in Brassica is still a main obstruction for developing resistance against Alternaria. In this study, we have selected Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba and Camelina sativa to understand and unravel the mechanism of disease resistance against Alternaria. Histopathological studies showed early onset of necrosis in B. juncea (1 dpi) and delayed in S. alba (2 dpi) and C. sativa (3 dpi) respectively. Early and enhanced production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was observed in C. sativa and S. alba (6 hpi) when compared to B. juncea (12 hpi). An increase in catalase activity was observed in both C. sativa (36 % at 6 hpi) and S. alba (15 % at 12 hpi), whereas it significantly decreased in B. juncea at 6 hpi (23 %), 12 hpi (30 %) and 24 hpi (8 %). Gene expression analysis showed induction of PR-3 and PR-12 genes only in C. sativa and S. alba when compared to B. juncea suggesting their vital role for Alternaria resistance. In contrast, SA marker genes were significantly expressed in B. juncea only which provides evidence of hormonal cross talk in B. juncea during Alternaria infection thereby increasing its susceptibility.
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Camejo D, Guzmán-Cedeño A, Vera-Macias L, Jiménez A. Oxidative post-translational modifications controlling plant-pathogen interaction. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 144:110-117. [PMID: 31563091 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen recognition is linked to the perception of microbe/pathogen-associated molecular patterns triggering a specific and transient accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the pathogen attack site. The apoplastic oxidative "burst" generated at the pathogen attack site depends on the ROS-generator systems including enzymes such as plasma membrane NADP (H) oxidases, cell wall peroxidases and lipoxygenase. ROS are cytotoxic molecules that inhibit invading pathogens or signalling molecules that control the local and systemic induction of defence genes. Post-translational modifications induced by ROS are considered as a potential signalling mechanism that can modify protein structure and/or function, localisation and cellular stability. Thus, this review focuses on how ROS are essential molecules regulating the function of proteins involved in the plant response to a pathogen attack through post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Camejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain; Department of Research and Agronomy Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, ESPAM-MES, Ecuador.
| | - A Guzmán-Cedeño
- Department of Research and Agronomy Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, ESPAM-MES, Ecuador; University, School of Agriculture and Livestock, ULEAM-MES, Ecuador.
| | - L Vera-Macias
- Department of Research and Agronomy Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, ESPAM-MES, Ecuador.
| | - A Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain.
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Hao R, Cao Y, Shan X, Jing Y. Nitric Oxide Enhances Cytotoxicity of Lead by Modulating the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Is Involved in the Regulation of Pb 2+ and Ca 2+ Fluxes in Tobacco BY-2 Cells. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:E403. [PMID: 31600951 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a heavy metal known to be toxic to both animals and plants. Nitric oxide (NO) was reported to participate in plant responses to different heavy metal stresses. In this study, we analyzed the function of exogenous and endogenous NO in Pb-induced toxicity in tobacco BY-2 cells, focusing on the role of NO in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as Pb2+ and Ca2+ fluxes using non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT). Pb treatment induced BY-2 cell death and rapid NO and ROS generation, while NO burst occurred earlier than ROS accumulation. The elimination of NO by 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) resulted in a decrease of ROS, and the supplementation of NO by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) caused an increased accumulation of ROS. Furthermore, the addition of exogenous NO stimulated Pb2+ influx, thus promoting Pb uptake in cells and aggravating Pb-induced toxicity in cells, whereas the removal of endogenous NO produced the opposite effect. Moreover, we also found that both exogenous and endogenous NO enhanced Pb-induced Ca2+ effluxes and calcium homeostasis disorder. These results suggest that exogenous and endogenous NO played a critical regulatory role in BY-2 cell death induced by Pb stress by promoting Pb2+ influx and accumulation and disturbing calcium homeostasis.
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Sadhu A, Moriyasu Y, Acharya K, Bandyopadhyay M. Nitric oxide and ROS mediate autophagy and regulate Alternaria alternata toxin-induced cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8973. [PMID: 31222105 PMCID: PMC6586778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergistic interaction of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential to initiate cell death mechanisms in plants. Though autophagy is salient in either restricting or promoting hypersensitivity response (HR)-related cell death, the crosstalk between the reactive intermediates and autophagy during hypersensitivity response is paradoxical. In this investigation, the consequences of Alternaria alternata toxin (AaT) in tobacco BY-2 cells were examined. At 3 h, AaT perturbed intracellular ROS homeostasis, altered antioxidant enzyme activities, triggered mitochondrial depolarization and induced autophagy. Suppression of autophagy by 3-Methyladenine caused a decline in cell viability in AaT treated cells, which indicated the vital role of autophagy in cell survival. After 24 h, AaT facilitated Ca2+ influx with an accumulation of reactive oxidant intermediates and NO, to manifest necrotic cell death. Inhibition of NO accumulation by 2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) decreased the level of necrotic cell death, and induced autophagy, which suggests NO accumulation represses autophagy and facilitates necrotic cell death at 24 h. Application of N-acetyl-L-cysteine at 3 h, confirmed ROS to be the key initiator of autophagy, and together with cPTIO for 24 h, revealed the combined effects of NO and ROS is required for necrotic HR cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sadhu
- Plant Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Yuji Moriyasu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Maumita Bandyopadhyay
- Plant Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
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18
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Belchí-Navarro S, Rubio MA, Pedreño MA, Almagro L. Production and localization of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in grapevine cells elicited with cyclodextrins and methyl jasmonate. J Plant Physiol 2019; 237:80-86. [PMID: 31030109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of methyl jasmonate, alone or in combination with cyclic oligosaccharides such as cyclodextrins, has proved to be a successful strategy for increasing the production of trans-resveratrol in Vitis vinifera cell cultures. However, understanding the intracellular signalling pathways involved in its production would improve the management of grapevine cells as biofactories of this high-value natural product. The results obtained herein confirm the involvement of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in cyclodextrins and methyl jasmonate-induced trans-resveratrol production in grapevine cell cultures. In fact, methyl jasmonate led to maximal intracellular levels of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide after 24 h of treatment, but extracellular hydrogen peroxide was only detected in the culture medium when grapevine cells were treated with cyclodextrins. The results derived from the cytochemical detection of H2O2 in elicited grapevine cell cultures also suggested that the combined treatment with cyclodextrins and methyl jasmonate not only increased the production of H2O2 but also released cell wall fragments with electron-dense deposits. Moreover, nitric oxide was localized in all the cellular compartments, particularly in the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles, whereas hydrogen peroxide was mainly found in cytoplasmic areas close to the cell wall, and in the nucleoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Belchí-Navarro
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Abellán Rubio
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Angeles Pedreño
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lorena Almagro
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
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19
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Zhang H, Ji S, Guo R, Zhou C, Wang Y, Fan H, Liu Z. Hydrophobin HFBII-4 from Trichoderma asperellum induces antifungal resistance in poplar. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:603-612. [PMID: 30982213 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the class II hydrophobin gene HFBII-4 was cloned from the biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum ACCC30536 and recombinant rHFBII-4 was expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. Treatment of Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis (PdPap poplar) with rHFBII-4 altered the expression levels of genes in the auxin, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) signal transduction pathways. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme activities were induced with rHFBII-4. Evans Blue and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) staining indicated that cell membrane permeability and reactive oxygen species were lower in the leaves of plants treated with rHFBII-4. The chlorophyll content was higher than that of control at 2-5 days after treatment. Furthermore, poplar seedlings were inoculated with Alternaria alternata, disease symptoms were observed. The diseased area was smaller in leaves induced with rHFBII-4 compared with control. In summary, rHFBII-4 enhances resistance to A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shida Ji
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ruiting Guo
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chang Zhou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Haijuan Fan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
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20
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Li Y, Li Q, Hong Q, Lin Y, Mao W, Zhou S. Reactive oxygen species triggering systemic programmed cell death process via elevation of nuclear calcium ion level in tomatoes resisting tobacco mosaic virus. Plant Sci 2018; 270:166-175. [PMID: 29576070 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a positive role in the systemic response of plants to pathogen resistance. It has been confirmed that local tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infecting tomato leaves can induce systemic PCD process in root-tip tissues. But up to now the underlying physiological mechanisms are poorly understood. This study focused on the detailed investigation of the physiological responses of root-tip cells during the initiation of systemic PCD. Physiological, biochemical examination and cytological observation showed that 1 day post-inoculation (dpi) of TMV inoculation there was an increase in calcium fluorescence intensity in root tip tissue cells. Then at 2 dpi, 4 dpi, 8 dpi and 15 dpi, the fluorescence intensity of calcium ion continued to increase. However, at 5 dpi, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) began to accumulate in the root-tip cells. And finally at 20 dpi, the obvious PCD reaction was detected. In addition, the experimental results also showed that the above process involved the elevation of two types of intracellular Ca2+, including cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) and nuclear calcium ([Ca2+]nuc). The [Ca2+]cyt, as a pilot signal could lead to the subsequent elevation of intracellular ROS concentration. Then, the high levels of ROS stimulated an increase of [Ca2+]nuc and eventually caused PCD reactions in the root-tip tissues. In particular, the high level of nuclear calcium is an essential mediator in systemic PCD of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Unit of Herpesvirus and Molecular Virology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Hong
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichun Lin
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Mao
- College of Biology, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shumin Zhou
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Tichá T, Sedlářová M, Činčalová L, Trojanová ZD, Mieslerová B, Lebeda A, Luhová L, Petřivalský M. Involvement of S-nitrosothiols modulation by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase in defence responses of lettuce and wild Lactuca spp. to biotrophic mildews. Planta 2018; 247:1203-1215. [PMID: 29417270 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Resistant Lactuca spp. genotypes can efficiently modulate levels of S-nitrosothiols as reactive nitrogen species derived from nitric oxide in their defence mechanism against invading biotrophic pathogens including lettuce downy mildew. S-Nitrosylation belongs to principal signalling pathways of nitric oxide in plant development and stress responses. Protein S-nitrosylation is regulated by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) as a key catabolic enzyme of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the major intracellular S-nitrosothiol. GSNOR expression, level and activity were studied in leaves of selected genotypes of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and wild Lactuca spp. during interactions with biotrophic mildews, Bremia lactucae (lettuce downy mildew), Golovinomyces cichoracearum (lettuce powdery mildew) and non-pathogen Pseudoidium neolycopersici (tomato powdery mildew) during 168 h post inoculation (hpi). GSNOR expression was increased in all genotypes both in the early phase at 6 hpi and later phase at 72 hpi, with a high increase observed in L. sativa UCDM2 responses to all three pathogens. GSNOR protein also showed two-phase increase, with highest changes in L. virosa-B. lactucae and L. sativa cv. UCDM2-G. cichoracearum pathosystems, whereas P. neolycopersici induced GSNOR protein at 72 hpi in all genotypes. Similarly, a general pattern of modulated GSNOR activities in response to biotrophic mildews involves a two-phase increase at 6 and 72 hpi. Lettuce downy mildew infection caused GSNOR activity slightly increased only in resistant L. saligna and L. virosa genotypes; however, all genotypes showed increased GSNOR activity both at 6 and 72 hpi by lettuce powdery mildew. We observed GSNOR-mediated decrease of S-nitrosothiols as a general feature of Lactuca spp. response to mildew infection, which was also confirmed by immunohistochemical detection of GSNOR and GSNO in infected plant tissues. Our results demonstrate that GSNOR is differentially modulated in interactions of susceptible and resistant Lactuca spp. genotypes with fungal mildews and uncover the role of S-nitrosylation in molecular mechanisms of plant responses to biotrophic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Tichá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Sedlářová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Činčalová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Drábková Trojanová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Mieslerová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Lebeda
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Luhová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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22
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Zhou S, Hong Q, Li Y, Li Q, Wang M. Autophagy contributes to regulate the ROS levels and PCD progress in TMV-infected tomatoes. Plant Sci 2018; 269:12-19. [PMID: 29606209 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) and autophagy are both important means for plants to resist pathogen. It is also the main biological reaction of plant immunity. In previous studies, we found that TMV local-infection on tomato leaves not only caused the PCD process in the distal root tissues, but also induced autophagy in root-tip cells. However, the reasons for these biological phenomena are unclear. In order to get deeper insight, the role of a putative inducible factor reactive oxidative species (ROS) was investigated. The situ staining and subcellular localization analysis showed that the ROS level in the root tissue of TMV infected plants was significantly promoted. TEM observation showed that the intracellular ROS was excreted into the cell wall and intercellular layer. At the same time, the results of western blot and qRT-PCR showed that the expression of autophagy related protein Atg8 and genes (Atg5, Atg7 and Atg10) were increased. However, in the subsequent DPI inhibition experiments we found that the accumulation of ROS in infected plant root-tip tissues was inhibited and the autophagy in the root-tip cells also decreased. When 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was used to inhibit autophagy, there was no significant change in the ROS level in the apical tissue, while the systemic PCD process of the root-tip cells was elevated. Taken together, these results indicate that local TMV inoculation on the leaves induced the root-tip cells producing and releasing a lot of ROS into the extracellular matrix for defense against pathogen invasion. Meanwhile, ROS acted as a signaling substance and triggered autophagy in root-tip cells, in order to eliminate excessive intracellular ROS oxidative damage and maintain cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Zhou
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qiang Hong
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yang Li
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qi Li
- Lab of Plant Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Mao Wang
- College of Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
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23
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Samsatly J, Copley TR, Jabaji SH. Antioxidant genes of plants and fungal pathogens are distinctly regulated during disease development in different Rhizoctonia solani pathosystems. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192682. [PMID: 29466404 PMCID: PMC5821333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic stress, as a result of plant-pathogen interactions, induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the cells, causing severe oxidative damage to plants and pathogens. To overcome this damage, both the host and pathogen have developed antioxidant systems to quench excess ROS and keep ROS production and scavenging systems under control. Data on ROS-scavenging systems in the necrotrophic plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani are just emerging. We formerly identified vitamin B6 biosynthetic machinery of R. solani AG3 as a powerful antioxidant exhibiting a high ability to quench ROS, similar to CATALASE (CAT) and GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE (GST). Here, we provide evidence on the involvement of R. solani vitamin B6 biosynthetic pathway genes; RsolPDX1 (KF620111.1), RsolPDX2 (KF620112.1), and RsolPLR (KJ395592.1) in vitamin B6 de novo biosynthesis by yeast complementation assays. Since gene expression studies focusing on oxidative stress responses of both the plant and the pathogen following R. solani infection are very limited, this study is the first coexpression analysis of genes encoding vitamin B6, CAT and GST in plant and fungal tissues of three pathosystems during interaction of different AG groups of R. solani with their respective hosts. The findings indicate that distinct expression patterns of fungal and host antioxidant genes were correlated in necrotic tissues and their surrounding areas in each of the three R. solani pathosystems: potato sprout-R. solani AG3; soybean hypocotyl-R. solani AG4 and soybean leaves-R. solani AG1-IA interactions. Levels of ROS increased in all types of potato and soybean tissues, and in fungal hyphae following infection of R. solani AGs as determined by non-fluorescence and fluorescence methods using H2DCF-DA and DAB, respectively. Overall, we demonstrate that the co-expression and accumulation of certain plant and pathogen ROS-antioxidant related genes in each pathosystem are highlighted and might be critical during disease development from the plant's point of view, and in pathogenicity and developing of infection structures from the fungal point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Samsatly
- Plant Science Department, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Tanya R. Copley
- Plant Science Department, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Suha H. Jabaji
- Plant Science Department, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
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24
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Gao X, Cui Q, Cao QZ, Zhao YQ, Liu Q, He HB, Jia GX, Zhang DM. Evaluation of resistance to Botrytis elliptica in Lilium hybrid cultivars. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 123:392-399. [PMID: 29304484 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold disease, caused by the fungus Botrytis elliptica, is one of the major diseases affecting Lilium species, and it has become a limiting factor in the production of ornamental lilies. To support selecting and breeding Botrytis-resistant cultivars, a total of 50 Lilium cultivars belonging to seven hybrid types were evaluated using a detached leaf technique for resistance to B. elliptica. Through resistance evaluations, Oriental × Trumpet and Oriental hybrid cultivars were classified as resistant lines, while Asiatic and Trumpet hybrids were classified as susceptible lines. A highly resistant (HR) Oriental hybrid, 'Sorbonne', and a highly susceptible (HS) Asiatic hybrid, 'Tresor', were selected for further study of early host-parasite interactions. After infection, B. elliptica grew faster and more easily on the leaves of 'Tresor' than on those of 'Sorbonne' during initial infection; when 'Tresor' leaves were completely infected, only a few lesions were observed on 'Sorbonne' leaves. Biochemical differences between these two cultivars were found following inoculation with B. elliptica, as shown by studies of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the enzymatic antioxidant system. Rapid accumulation of H2O2 and ·O2- to trigger a defense response was detected in HR 'Sorbonne'. Meanwhile, higher levels of antioxidant activity, including SOD, POD and CAT, were found in HR 'Sorbonne' than in HS 'Tresor' before 48 h post-inoculation, but antioxidant activity was reduced with subsequent infection progress. These large and timely increases in ROS and antioxidant activities could be the main contributors to the high resistance of the 'Sorbonne' cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qi Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qin-Zheng Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yu-Qian Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Heng-Bin He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Gui-Xia Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscaping on Challenging Urban Sites, Shanghai 200232, PR China,.
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Abstract
Emerging pathogens of crops threaten food security and are increasingly problematic due to intensive agriculture and high volumes of trade and transport in plants and plant products. The ability to predict pathogen risk to agricultural regions would therefore be valuable. However, predictions are complicated by multi-faceted relationships between crops, their pathogens, and climate change. Climate change is related to industrialization, which has brought not only a rise in greenhouse gas emissions but also an increase in other atmospheric pollutants. Here, we consider the implications of rising levels of reactive nitrogen gases and their manifold interactions with crops and crop diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen N Fones
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Sarah J Gurr
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB, UK
- Donder's Hon Chair, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Kobylińska A, Reiter RJ, Posmyk MM. Melatonin Protects Cultured Tobacco Cells against Lead-Induced Cell Death via Inhibition of Cytochrome c Translocation. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1560. [PMID: 28959267 PMCID: PMC5603737 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin was discovered in plants more than two decades ago and, especially in the last decade, it has captured the interests of plant biologists. Beyond its possible participation in photoperiod processes and its role as a direct free radical scavenger as well as an indirect antioxidant, melatonin is also involved in plant defense strategies/reactions. However, the mechanisms that this indoleamine activates to improve plant stress tolerance still require identification and clarification. In the present report, the ability of exogenous melatonin to protect Nicotiana tabacum L. line Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) suspension cells against the toxic exposure to lead was examined. Studies related to cell proliferation and viability, DNA fragmentation, possible translocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol, cell morphology after fluorescence staining and also the in situ accumulation of superoxide radicals measured via the nitro blue tetrazolium reducing test, were conducted. This work establishes a novel finding by correcting the inhibition of release of mitochondrial ctytocrome c in to the cytoplasm with the high accumulation of superoxide radicals. The results show that pretreatment with 200 nm of melatonin protected tobacco cells from DNA damage caused by lead. Melatonin, as an efficacious antioxidant, limited superoxide radical accumulation as well as cytochrome c release thereby, it likely prevents the activation of the cascade of processes leading to cell death. Fluorescence staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide documented that lead-stressed cells additionally treated with melatonin displayed intact nuclei. The results revealed that melatonin at proper dosage could significantly increase BY-2 cell proliferation and protected them against death. It was proved that melatonin could function as an effective priming agent to promote survival of tobacco cells under harmful lead-induced stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kobylińska
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of LodzLodz, Poland
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San AntonioTX, United States
| | - Malgorzata M. Posmyk
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of LodzLodz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Malgorzata M. Posmyk,
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Ji SD, Wang ZY, Fan HJ, Zhang RS, Yu ZY, Wang JJ, Liu ZH. Heterologous expression of the Hsp24 from Trichoderma asperellum improves antifungal ability of Populus transformant Pdpap-Hsp24 s to Cytospora chrysosperma and Alternaria alternate. J Plant Res 2016; 129:921-933. [PMID: 27193371 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses could be improved by transforming with fungal resistance-related genes. In this study, the cDNA sequence (GenBank Acc. No. KP337939) of the resistance-related gene Hsp24 encoding the 24 kD heat shock protein was obtained from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma asperellum ACCC30536. The promoter region of Hsp24 contained many cis-regulators related to stresses response, such as "GCN4" and "GCR1" etc. Hsp24 transcription in T. asperellum was up-regulated under six different environmental stresses, compared with the control. Furthermore, following heterologous transformation into Populus davidiana × P. alba var. Pyramidalis (Pdpap), Hsp24 was successfully transcribed in transformant Pdpap-Hsp24s. Pathogen-related genes (PRs) in four Pdpap-Hsp24s were up-regulated compared with those in the control Pdpap (Pdpap-Con). After co-culture of Pdpap-Hsp24s with the weak parasite Cytospora chrysosperma, the transcription of genes related to hormone signal pathway (JA and SA) were up-regulated in Pdpap-Hsp24s, and ethidium bromide (EtBr) and Nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) staining assays indicated that the cell membrane permeability and the active oxygen content of Pdpap-Hsp24s leaves were lower than that of the control Pdpap-Con. And when the Pdpap-Hsp24s were under the Alternaria alternate stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) got higher in Pdpap-Hsp24s than that in Pdpap-Con, and the disease spots in Pdpap-Con leaves were obviously larger than those in Pdpap-Hsp24s leaves. In summary, Hsp24 of T. asperellum ACCC30536 is an important defense response gene, and its heterologous expression improved the resistance of transformant Pdpap-Hsp24s to C. chrysosperma and A. alternate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Ji
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Z Y Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - H J Fan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - R S Zhang
- The College of Landscape, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Z Y Yu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - J J Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Z H Liu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
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28
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Sivakumaran A, Akinyemi A, Mandon J, Cristescu SM, Hall MA, Harren FJM, Mur LAJ. ABA Suppresses Botrytis cinerea Elicited NO Production in Tomato to Influence H2O2 Generation and Increase Host Susceptibility. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:709. [PMID: 27252724 PMCID: PMC4879331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) production has emerged a susceptibility factor in plant-pathogen interactions. This work examined the interaction of ABA with nitric oxide (NO) in tomato following challenge with the ABA-synthesizing pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. Trace gas detection using a quantum cascade laser detected NO production within minutes of challenge with B. cinerea whilst photoacoustic laser detection detected ethylene production - an established mediator of defense against this pathogen - occurring after 6 h. Application of the NO generation inhibitor N-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) suppressed both NO and ethylene production and resistance against B. cinerea. The tomato mutant sitiens fails to accumulate ABA, shows increased resistance to B. cinerea and we noted exhibited elevated NO and ethylene production. Exogenous application of L-NAME or ABA reduced NO production in sitiens and reduced resistance to B. cinerea. Increased resistance to B. cinerea in sitiens have previously been linked to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation but this was reduced in both L-NAME and ABA-treated sitiens. Taken together, our data suggests that ABA can decreases resistance to B. cinerea via reduction of NO production which also suppresses both ROS and ethylene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushen Sivakumaran
- Molecular Plant Pathology Group, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Aderemi Akinyemi
- Molecular Plant Pathology Group, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Julian Mandon
- Life Science Trace Gas Facility, Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simona M. Cristescu
- Life Science Trace Gas Facility, Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Michael A. Hall
- Molecular Plant Pathology Group, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Frans J. M. Harren
- Life Science Trace Gas Facility, Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- Molecular Plant Pathology Group, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
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29
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Thalineau E, Truong HN, Berger A, Fournier C, Boscari A, Wendehenne D, Jeandroz S. Cross-Regulation between N Metabolism and Nitric Oxide (NO) Signaling during Plant Immunity. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:472. [PMID: 27092169 PMCID: PMC4824785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms that have evolved a complex immune system which helps them cope with pathogen attacks. However, the capacity of a plant to mobilize different defense responses is strongly affected by its physiological status. Nitrogen (N) is a major nutrient that can play an important role in plant immunity by increasing or decreasing plant resistance to pathogens. Although no general rule can be drawn about the effect of N availability and quality on the fate of plant/pathogen interactions, plants' capacity to acquire, assimilate, allocate N, and maintain amino acid homeostasis appears to partly mediate the effects of N on plant defense. Nitric oxide (NO), one of the products of N metabolism, plays an important role in plant immunity signaling. NO is generated in part through Nitrate Reductase (NR), a key enzyme involved in nitrate assimilation, and its production depends on levels of nitrate/nitrite, NR substrate/product, as well as on L-arginine and polyamine levels. Cross-regulation between NO signaling and N supply/metabolism has been evidenced. NO production can be affected by N supply, and conversely NO appears to regulate nitrate transport and assimilation. Based on this knowledge, we hypothesized that N availability partly controls plant resistance to pathogens by controlling NO homeostasis. Using the Medicago truncatula/Aphanomyces euteiches pathosystem, we showed that NO homeostasis is important for resistance to this oomycete and that N availability impacts NO homeostasis by affecting S-nitrosothiol (SNO) levels and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase activity in roots. These results could therefore explain the increased resistance we noted in N-deprived as compared to N-replete M. truncatula seedlings. They open onto new perspectives for the studies of N/plant defense interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Thalineau
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Hoai-Nam Truong
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Antoine Berger
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR, INRA, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRSSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Carine Fournier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Alexandre Boscari
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR, INRA, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRSSophia Antipolis, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Sylvain Jeandroz
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
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30
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Foley RC, Kidd BN, Hane JK, Anderson JP, Singh KB. Reactive Oxygen Species Play a Role in the Infection of the Necrotrophic Fungi, Rhizoctonia solani in Wheat. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152548. [PMID: 27031952 PMCID: PMC4816451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a nectrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes billions of dollars of damage to agriculture worldwide and infects a broad host range including wheat, rice, potato and legumes. In this study we identify wheat genes that are differentially expressed in response to the R. solani isolate, AG8, using microarray technology. A significant number of wheat genes identified in this screen were involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and redox regulation. Levels of ROS species were increased in wheat root tissue following R. solani infection as determined by Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT), 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and titanium sulphate measurements. Pathogen/ROS related genes from R. solani were also tested for expression patterns upon wheat infection. TmpL, a R. solani gene homologous to a gene associated with ROS regulation in Alternaria brassicicola, and OAH, a R. solani gene homologous to oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase which has been shown to produce oxalic acid in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, were highly induced in R. solani when infecting wheat. We speculate that the interplay between the wheat and R. solani ROS generating proteins may be important for determining the outcome of the wheat/R. solani interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda C. Foley
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA, Australia
| | - Brendan N. Kidd
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA, Australia
| | - James K. Hane
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan P. Anderson
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Karam B. Singh
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- * E-mail:
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31
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Sham A, Moustafa K, Al-Ameri S, Al-Azzawi A, Iratni R, AbuQamar S. Identification of Arabidopsis candidate genes in response to biotic and abiotic stresses using comparative microarrays. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125666. [PMID: 25933420 PMCID: PMC4416716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved with intricate mechanisms to cope with multiple environmental stresses. To adapt with biotic and abiotic stresses, plant responses involve changes at the cellular and molecular levels. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of combinations of different environmental stresses on the transcriptome level of Arabidopsis genome using public microarray databases. We investigated the role of cyclopentenones in mediating plant responses to environmental stress through TGA (TGACG motif-binding factor) transcription factor, independently from jasmonic acid. Candidate genes were identified by comparing plants inoculated with Botrytis cinerea or treated with heat, salt or osmotic stress with non-inoculated or non-treated tissues. About 2.5% heat-, 19% salinity- and 41% osmotic stress-induced genes were commonly upregulated by B. cinerea-treatment; and 7.6%, 19% and 48% of genes were commonly downregulated by B. cinerea-treatment, respectively. Our results indicate that plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses are mediated by several common regulatory genes. Comparisons between transcriptome data from Arabidopsis stressed-plants support our hypothesis that some molecular and biological processes involved in biotic and abiotic stress response are conserved. Thirteen of the common regulated genes to abiotic and biotic stresses were studied in detail to determine their role in plant resistance to B. cinerea. Moreover, a T-DNA insertion mutant of the Responsive to Dehydration gene (rd20), encoding for a member of the caleosin (lipid surface protein) family, showed an enhanced sensitivity to B. cinerea infection and drought. Overall, the overlapping of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, coupled with the sensitivity of the rd20 mutant, may provide new interesting programs for increased plant resistance to multiple environmental stresses, and ultimately increases its chances to survive. Future research directions towards a better dissection of the potential crosstalk between B. cinerea, abiotic stress, and oxylipin signaling are of our particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sham
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Moustafa
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Paris, France
| | - Salma Al-Ameri
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Al-Azzawi
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Synan AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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