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Lin SC, Kehoe C, Pozzi E, Liontos D, Whittle S. Research Review: Child emotion regulation mediates the association between family factors and internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents - a meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:260-274. [PMID: 37803878 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental influence on children's internalizing symptoms has been well established; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. One possible mechanism is child emotion regulation given evidence (a) of its associations with internalizing symptoms and (b) that the development of emotion regulation during childhood and adolescence is influenced by aspects of the family environment. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically investigate the mediating role of child emotion regulation in the relationship between various family factors and internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, and Web of Science for English articles up until November 2022. We included studies that examined child emotion regulation as a mediator between a family factor and child/adolescent internalizing symptoms. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled indirect effects and total effects for nine family factors. Heterogeneity and mediation ratio were also calculated. RESULTS Of 49 studies with 24,524 participants in this meta-analysis, family factors for which emotion regulation mediated the association with child/adolescent internalizing symptoms included: unsupportive emotion socialization, psychological control, secure attachment, aversiveness, family conflict, parent emotion regulation and parent psychopathology, but not supportive emotion socialization and behavioral control. CONCLUSIONS Various family factors impact children's emotion regulation development, and in turn, contribute to the risk of internalizing symptoms in young people. Findings from this study highlight the need for interventions targeting modifiable parenting behaviors to promote healthy emotion regulation and better mental health in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Chu Lin
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Christiane Kehoe
- Mindful, Centre for Training and Research in Developmental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Elena Pozzi
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Daniel Liontos
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Lawrence HR, Siegle GJ, Schwartz-Mette RA. Reimagining rumination? The unique role of mental imagery in adolescents' affective and physiological response to rumination and distraction. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:460-469. [PMID: 36813044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Rumination is associated with increased risk for depression whereas distraction helps draw attention away from negative experiences, lowering risk. Many individuals who ruminate do so in the form of mental imagery and imagery-based rumination is more highly associated with depressive symptom severity than ruminating in the form of verbal thoughts. We do not yet understand why imagery-based rumination may be especially problematic nor how to intervene to reduce imagery-based rumination, however. Adolescents (N = 145) underwent a negative mood induction followed by experimental induction of rumination or distraction in the form of mental imagery or verbal thought while affective, high-frequency heart rate variability, and skin conductance response data were collected. Rumination was associated with similar affective, high-frequency heart rate variability, and skin conductance response regardless of whether adolescents were induced to ruminate in the form of mental imagery or verbal thought. Distraction led to greater affective improvement and greater increases in high-frequency heart rate variability, but similar skin conductance responses when adolescents were inducted to distract themselves in the form of mental imagery compared with verbal thought. Findings emphasize the importance of considering mental imagery in clinical contexts when assessing rumination and when intervening using distraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Lawrence
- School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America.
| | - Greg J Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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Ganor T, Mor N, Huppert JD. Effects of rumination and distraction on inhibition. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 78:101780. [PMID: 36206674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Rumination involves fixating on negative content, is associated with biases in inhibitory control, and typically worsens negative mood. In contrast, distraction attempts to engage attentional control and downregulate negative mood. To date studies have not dissociated the detrimental effects of rumination from beneficial effects of distraction on individuals' ability to inhibit irrelevant negative information. Moreover, research has not examined the possible pathways connecting rumination and distraction, negative mood and inhibitory control. METHODS To bridge these gaps, we report two studies that assess the effect of induced rumination versus distraction on inhibitory control among high ruminators. RESULTS In Study 1 distraction improved inhibition of negative content, whereas induced rumination impaired inhibition of negative content. Study 2 replicated Study 1 and demonstrated that the effect of distraction on inhibition of negative content was mediated by changes in negative mood. LIMITATIONS Our studies are limited by small sample sizes and lack of measurement of possible long-term effects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide preliminary evidence for an effect of mood on inhibition and not vice versa, among high ruminators. We discuss theoretical and clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Ganor
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Nilly Mor
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Fang X, Wu Z, Wen L, Zhang Y, Wang D, Yu L, Wang Y, Chen Y, Chen L, Liu H, Tang W, Zhang X, Zhang C. Rumination mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022:10.1007/s00406-022-01525-2. [PMID: 36484845 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rumination and childhood trauma are related to depressive symptoms in clinical and non-clinical individuals. This is the first study aimed to test the mediating effect of rumination on the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia patients. A total of 313 schizophrenia patients were recruited in the present study. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) was adopted to evaluate depressive symptoms, the short-form Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) and the 10-item Ruminative response scale (RRS-10) were utilized to assess the childhood trauma and rumination in patients, respectively. Our results showed that 168 schizophrenia patients (53.67%) had comorbid depressive symptoms. These patients with depressive symptoms had higher levels of childhood trauma [both CTQ-SF total scores and emotional abuse (EA), emotional neglect (EN), physical neglect (PN) subscale scores] and rumination (both RRS-10 total scores and brooding, reflection subscale scores) compared to patients without depressive symptoms. The stepwise logistic regression analysis identified that EN (OR 1.196, P = 0.003), PN (OR 1.1294, P < 0.001), brooding (OR 1.291, P < 0.001) and reflection (OR 1.481, P < 0.001) could independently predict the depressive symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Moreover, RRS-10 and its subscale scores could mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and childhood trauma, especially EA, EN and PN in schizophrenia. Our preliminary findings suggest that the rigorous assessment and psychosocial interventions of rumination are important to alleviate the influence of childhood trauma on depressive symptoms in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Fang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenan Wu
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfang Yu
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yewei Wang
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Chen C, Li C, Chen M, Wang L, Zhu Y, Zhu Z. Coping and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among Chinese youth in the peak and remission periods of COVID-19. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2022; 143:106690. [PMID: 36267155 PMCID: PMC9568280 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed emergent vulnerability to adolescents' mental health. This longitudinal study investigated the association between coping at the peak of the COVID outbreak (T1) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms concurrently, and at the remission periods of COVID in China three months (T2) and six months (T3) later in a sample of 6th to 12th-grade students (N = 782). The results showed that forward-focus coping was negatively associated with PTSD symptoms across all three timepoints and predicted reduced risk for more PTSD symptoms at T2, and trauma-focus coping was positively associated with PTSD symptoms across all three timepoints and predicted higher risk of PTSD symptoms both at T2 and T3. There was an interaction effect of trauma-focus coping and T1 symptoms on later symptoms (T3) - trauma-focus coping was more detrimental for those who had more initial symptoms. The results showed the beneficial effects of future-oriented coping and harmful effects of trauma-focus coping for Chinese youth during the epidemic. Clinical implications of the results were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- School of Humanities and Social Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | | | | | - Yaqin Zhu
- Shanghai Shi Dai Middle School, PR China
| | - Zhuoying Zhu
- Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China
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Varela JJ, Hernández C, Berger C, Souza SB, Pacheco E. To ignore or not to ignore: The differential effect of coping mechanisms on depressive symptoms when facing adolescent cyberbullying. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gjengedal RGH, Osnes K, Reme SE, Lagerveld SE, Johnson SU, Lending HD, Sandin K, Bjørndal MT, Hjemdal O. Changes in depression domains as predictors of return to work in common mental disorders. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:520-527. [PMID: 35460747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression highly impairs function and reduces quality of life. Therefore, both symptomatic and functional recovery are important treatment goals. Depression consists of several cognitive, somatic, and affective symptom factors that differently affect function. However, it is unclear whether changes in these domains predict return to work (RTW) after treatment. METHODS Data were collected during treatment from patients on full or partial sick leave reporting depression symptoms (N = 300) at an out-patient clinic. Information on work status was assessed pre- and post-treatment and at 6 months follow-up. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate if residualized changes in symptom factors predicted full RTW, controlling for gender, education level, and age. RESULTS Changes (as symptom improvement) in the cognitive, somatic, and affective factor scores each significantly predicted full RTW post-treatment and at follow-up for patients on full and partial sick leave, even after controlling for gender, education level, and age. The change in the somatic factor explained the largest proportion of variance for full work post-treatment in patients on full sick-leave, while change in the cognitive factor explained most unique variance for patients on graded sick leave. LIMITATIONS The sample consisted of a majority of women with a relatively high level of education. This study should be replicated in more heterogeneous samples. CONCLUSION Changes in depression symptom domains are significant predictors for RTW work post-treatment. The change in the somatic factor explained the largest proportion of variance in patients on full sick leave and thus may particularly influence RTW after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragne G H Gjengedal
- Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Silje E Reme
- Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sverre U Johnson
- Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kenneth Sandin
- Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne T Bjørndal
- Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Odin Hjemdal
- Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Cognitive-Emotional Benefits of Weekly Exposure to Nature: A Taiwanese Study on Young Adults. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14137828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Empirical evidence of nature’s benefits to cognitive and emotional well-being is emerging. In this study, 48 Taiwanese young adults (24 indoors and 24 outdoors in urban greenspace) completed four weekly 45 min exposure sessions. The study explores whether the outdoor group surpasses the indoor group in cognitive and emotional well-being and nature connectedness. There were no significant differences for the indoor group across different measurements of rumination and connectedness to nature. However, the outdoor group displayed a significant reduction in rumination post-test compared to the one week prior and the first session. Similarly, for sessions two, three, and four and one month post-test, the outdoor group’s connectedness to nature was significantly higher than pre-test. Specific autobiographical memory was enhanced while overgeneral autobiographic memory was reduced during the third and fourth sessions, though these changes were not sustained at one-month follow-up. Surprisingly, both groups yielded similar results in decreased depression, anxiety, and stress. A significantly higher number of outdoor group participants had employed nature exposure for coping with stress or emotions after the program. We discuss the implications of this for counseling services for young adults and highlight future research possibilities, including formulating a nature-exposure protocol and a program evaluation for consolidating evidence-based nature prescription.
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Yun RC, Fardghassemi S, Joffe H. Thinking too much: How young people experience rumination in the context of loneliness. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Chloe Yun
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences University College London London UK
| | - Sam Fardghassemi
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences University College London London UK
| | - Hélène Joffe
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences University College London London UK
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10
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Wu JL, Hamilton JL, Fresco DM, Alloy LB, Stange JP. Decentering predicts attenuated perseverative thought and internalizing symptoms following stress exposure: A multi-level, multi-wave study. Behav Res Ther 2022; 152:104017. [PMID: 35316616 PMCID: PMC9007852 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While research identifies a growing list of risk factors for anxiety and depression, it is equally important to identify potential protective factors that may prevent or reduce vulnerability to developing internalizing psychopathology. We hypothesized that forms of perseverative thinking, such as rumination and worry, act as mechanisms linking negative life experiences and prospective symptoms of anxiety and depression. More specifically, we investigated whether decentering, the meta-cognitive capacity to adopt a distanced perspective toward one's thoughts and feelings, serves as a protective factor at various points along this mediational pathway. A sample of 181 undergraduate students were recruited and assessed at five time points over a 12-week period. Multilevel modeling indicated that decentering was associated with an attenuated impact of (1) negative events on prospective depressive symptoms; (2) negative events on prospective brooding, and (3) brooding, pondering and worry on prospective internalizing symptoms. Multilevel moderated mediation analyses provided partial support for the hypothesis that perseverative thinking would mediate the longitudinal associations between negative life events and internalizing symptoms, with decentering attenuating risk at several connections of the indirect pathways. The strongest support was provided for moderated mediation models in which decentering was associated with attenuated relationships between negative events, brooding, and symptoms of depression. This study is the first to elucidate the role of decentering as a protective factor against anxiety and depressive symptoms at different points in the path from stress to perseverative thought to internalizing symptoms. Decentering therefore may be a critical target for clinical intervention to promote resilience against anxiety and depression.
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Qiu WF, Ma JP, Xie ZY, Xie XT, Wang CX, Ye YD. Online risky behavior and sleep quality among Chinese college students: The chain mediating role of rumination and anxiety. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-11. [PMID: 35068907 PMCID: PMC8761964 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the chain mediating effects of rumination and anxiety in the relationship between online risky behavior and sleep quality among Chinese college students. A sample of 1039 Chinese college students (Mage = 19.49, SD = 1.14, 53.32% males) were investigated with Online Risky Behavior Scale (ORBS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale (PSQI), Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). The results showed that: (1) There is a significant positive correlation among online risky behavior, sleep quality, rumination and anxiety, and (2) Online risky behavior could not directly affect sleep quality, but it can affect sleep quality through the mediation of rumination and anxiety. The chain mediating effects includes three paths: The mediating role of rumination, the mediating role of anxiety, and the chain mediating role of rumination and anxiety after controlling for gender, grade, major, and network usage time. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how online risky behavior affects sleep quality and provide important practical guidance for improving sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian-Ping Ma
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | | | | | | | - Yi-Duo Ye
- Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Lidle LR, Schmitz J. Rumination in Children with Social Anxiety Disorder: Effects of Cognitive Distraction and Relation to Social Stress Processing. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:1447-1459. [PMID: 34143352 PMCID: PMC8455401 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
According to cognitive models of social anxiety disorder (SAD), both anticipatory processing and post-event processing are core mechanisms in disorder maintenance leading to dysfunctional coping with social situations through negative self-evaluation and increased anxiety. To date, little is known about these processes during late childhood, a critical period for disorder development. Further, it remains unclear if dysfunctional rumination in children can be altered through psychotherapeutic interventions such as cognitive distraction. In the current study, children aged 9 to 13 years with SAD and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs, each: n = 30) participated in an experimental laboratory social stress task while anticipatory processing, post-event processing, subjective anxiety, self-evaluations, and autonomic arousal (skin conductance level) were assessed. Further, the impact of a brief cognitive distraction intervention on post-event processing was assessed. Children with SAD reported more negative anticipatory and post-event processing compared to HC children. Further, negative anticipatory processing was associated with higher subjective anxiety and reduced subjective performance ratings during the social stress task. In the aftermath of the stressor, distraction led to reduced subjective anxiety in the group with SAD and lower autonomic arousal in all children but did not alter post-event processing. The current study suggests that both anticipatory and post-event processing already play a key role in the maintenance of SAD in childhood. While distraction may be beneficial in reducing prolonged subjective anxiety and autonomic arousal after social situations, more research on interventions targeting ruminative processes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Rabea Lidle
- Institute of Psychology, Department for Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Leipzig University, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
- Leipzig Research Centre for Early Child Development, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Julian Schmitz
- Institute of Psychology, Department for Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Leipzig University, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Early Child Development, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Bendezú JJ, Howland M, Thai M, Marceau K, Shirtcliff EA, Hastings PD, Zahn-Waxler C, Klimes-Dougan B. Adolescent cortisol and DHEA responses to stress as prospective predictors of emotional and behavioral difficulties: A person-centered approach. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 132:105365. [PMID: 34399100 PMCID: PMC8932361 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-orchestrated cortisol and DHEA stress responsivity is thought to support efficacious stressor management (i.e., coping) and reduce risk for psychopathology during adolescence. Evidence of these relations, however, is lacking empirically. This longitudinal investigation had three aims: 1) to identify within-adolescent profiles of joint cortisol-DHEA responsivity, 2) examine profiles as prospective predictors of adolescents' later emotional and behavioral difficulties, and 3) examine whether distraction coping helped buffer such prospective risk in each profile. METHOD At Time 1, boys (n = 110) and girls (n = 105) between 11 and 16 years of age with varied levels of risk for psychopathology completed a lab-based socio-evaluative stressor and questionnaires (e.g., coping, internalizing and externalizing problems). Emotional and behavioral adjustment was assessed again at Time 2 (2 years later). RESULTS Multi-trajectory modeling of adolescents' cortisol and DHEA within the context of the stressor revealed three groups: Normative (n = 107; 49.8%), Hyperresponsive (n = 64; 29.8%), Hyporesponsive (n = 44; 20.5%). Relative to Normative, Hyperresponsive and Hyporesponsive adolescents were more and less advanced in pubertal status, respectively. Hyperresponsive adolescents, but not Hyporesponsive, reported greater emotional and behavioral problems at Time 2, relative to Normative adolescents. Links between distraction coping and Time 2 adjustment varied across the groups. Specifically, distraction coping was associated with fewer Time 2 emotional and behavioral problems for Normative adolescents. However, the converse was true for Hyporesponsive adolescents, with distraction associated with greater Time 2 emotional and behavioral problems. Distraction was not associated with Time 2 emotional and behavioral problems for Hyperresponsive adolescents (i.e., elevated levels irrespective of distraction coping utilization). CONCLUSION Our results strengthen inference about the role neuroendocrine coordination plays in risk for psychopathology. Findings also help to clarify inconsistent distraction coping-psychopathology linkages, illustrating different patterns of cortisol-DHEA responsivity that support as well as thwart the use of this potentially efficacious strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason José Bendezú
- The Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, United States.
| | - Mariann Howland
- The Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota,Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University
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Mattering, Insecure Attachment, Rumination, and Self-Criticism in Distress Among University Students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Rifkin LS, Giollabhui NM, Kendall PC, Abramson LY, Alloy LB. Attention, rumination and depression in youth with negative inferential styles: A prospective study. J Affect Disord 2021; 291:209-217. [PMID: 34049190 PMCID: PMC8444224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative inferential style, rumination and attention are cognitive vulnerabilities implicated in depression that first emerge in childhood and adolescence. METHODS The current study used a prospective longitudinal design to examine whether rumination mediates the relationship between attention (selective attention, sustained attention, attentional switching, and divided attention) and depression (depressive symptoms and depressive episode onset) conditional on negative inferential style. A diverse community sample of adolescents (n = 364) completed semi-structured diagnostic interviews, behavioral measures of attention, and self-report measures of rumination, negative inferential style, and depression annually for three consecutive years. RESULTS Rumination mediated the relationship between strong sustained attention and both depressive symptoms and disorder onset conditional on negative inferential style. Specifically, adolescents high in negative inferential style with strong sustained attention were more likely to experience increased subsequent rumination that, in turn, led to increased depressive symptoms and episode onset. In contrast to study hypotheses, there were no significant effects for models that included selective attention, attentional switching, or divided attention. LIMITATIONS Significant effects were relatively small, and therefore, should be interpreted with caution and require replication. We were unable to control for intelligence, and as a result, stronger sustained attention may be indicative of higher intelligence. CONCLUSIONS Stronger sustained attention in early adolescence compared to peers may facilitate rumination on negative self-evaluation and subsequent depression. Use of non-emotion-relevant stimuli to assess attention may account for the lack of findings for selective attention, attentional switching, or divided attention. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Bratman GN, Olvera‐Alvarez HA, Gross JJ. The affective benefits of nature exposure. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N. Bratman
- Environment and Well‐Being Lab School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | | | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology Stanford University Stanford CA USA
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Shaw ZA, Conway CC, Starr LR. Distinguishing Transdiagnostic versus Disorder-Specific Pathways between Ruminative Brooding and Internalizing Psychopathology in Adolescents: A Latent Variable Modeling Approach. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:1319-1331. [PMID: 33914186 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rumination is correlated with diverse types of internalizing problems, but the extent to which it relates to a higher-order internalizing spectrum versus disorder-specific pathology is unclear. Using a quantitative model of the internalizing dimension, we compared the strength of transdiagnostic versus diagnosis-specific pathways from brooding-the most depressogenic component of rumination-to major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents. Community-recruited mid-adolescents (N = 241, Mage = 15.90 years, 53% female) completed semi-structured interviews of anxiety and depressive conditions and a self-report brooding measure. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed good fit for a one-factor model of internalizing conditions. Results revealed a large, significant factor correlation between brooding and the internalizing factor (r = 0.55), with some evidence for a more modest specific link between brooding and the unique component of the MDD diagnosis (r = 0.17; approximately one-third as large as the transdiagnostic pathway). These cross-sectional associations were generally consistent across two assessment waves separated by 19 months. We concluded that brooding is better conceptualized as a common characteristic of all internalizing problems in adolescence, rather than a specific feature of MDD. Preregistered hypotheses, data analysis code, and correlation matrices for this study are posted at https://osf.io/dax7u/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey A Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, 491 Meliora Hall, Box 270266, Rochester, NY, 14627-0266, USA.
| | | | - Lisa R Starr
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, 491 Meliora Hall, Box 270266, Rochester, NY, 14627-0266, USA
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18
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Bratman GN, Young G, Mehta A, Lee Babineaux I, Daily GC, Gross JJ. Affective Benefits of Nature Contact: The Role of Rumination. Front Psychol 2021; 12:643866. [PMID: 33776870 PMCID: PMC7988226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that nature contact is associated with affective benefits. However, the psychological mechanisms responsible for these effects are not well understood. In this study, we examined whether more time spent in nature was associated with higher levels of positive affect in general, and lower levels of negative affect and rumination in general. We also conducted a cross-sectional mediation analysis to examine whether rumination mediated the association of nature contact with affect. Participants (N = 617) reported their average time spent in nature each week, as well as their general levels of positive and negative affect, and the degree to which they typically engaged in rumination in daily life. We then used structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses. Our results support the hypothesis that nature contact is associated with general levels of affect, and that rumination mediates this association for negative affect, and marginally mediates this association for positive affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N. Bratman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gerald Young
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ashish Mehta
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Gretchen C. Daily
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- The Natural Capital Project, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Woods Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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19
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Doglikuu BD, Abdulai A, Yaseri M, Shakibazadeh E, Djazayery A, Mirzaei K. Do interactions between patients’ psychological distress and adherence to dietary recommendation predict glycemic control among persons with type 2 diabetes in Ghana? LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/lim2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Be‐Ikuu Dominic Doglikuu
- International Campus Department of Community Nutrition School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Tehran Iran
- Twifo Praso Nursing and Midwifery Training College Ministry of Health Twifo Praso Ghana
| | - Abubakari Abdulai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences School of Allied Health Sciences University of Development Studies (UDS) Tamale Ghana
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Elham Shakibazadeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Abolghassem Djazayery
- Department of Community Nutrition School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Tehran Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Tehran Iran
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20
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Wang Q, Zhao X, Yuan Y, Shi B. The Relationship Between Creativity and Intrusive Rumination Among Chinese Teenagers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Emotional Resilience as a Moderator. Front Psychol 2021; 11:601104. [PMID: 33519607 PMCID: PMC7843499 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not only resulted in immeasurable life and property losses worldwide but has also impacted individuals' development, especially teenagers. After the COVID-19 pandemic, individual rumination as an important cognitive process should be given more attention because of its close associations with physical and mental health. Previous studies have shown that creativity as an antecedent variable can predict people's mental health or adaptation. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between creativity and individual cognitive rumination after traumatic events, and the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear. By using the Runco Ideational Behavior Scale (RIBS), the Event Related Rumination Inventory, and the Questionnaire of Adolescent Emotional Resilience, the current study explored the relationship between creativity and intrusive rumination among 1488 Chinese teenagers during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzed the moderating effect of emotional resilience on the relationship. The results showed that creativity, as assessed by the RIBS, was positively related to teenagers' intrusive rumination, which implied that a higher level of creative performance could predict more intrusive rumination. Moreover, emotional resilience acted as a moderator in the relationship between creativity and intrusive rumination; the correlation was stronger when emotional resilience was low. These findings provide more evidence of the relationship between creativity and mental health and show the effect of this traumatic event on teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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21
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He J, Liu Y, Cheng C, Fang S, Wang X, Yao S. Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the 10-Item Ruminative Response Scale Among Undergraduates and Depressive Patients. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:626859. [PMID: 34122165 PMCID: PMC8187760 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Rumination is considered as a key process in the mechanism of depression. Assessing rumination is important for both research and clinical practice. The Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) is a widely-used instrument to measure rumination. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese 10-item Ruminative Response Scale (RRS-10) in a large sample of Chinese undergraduates and depressive patients. Methods: A total of 1,773 university students and 286 clinical patients with major depressive disorder finished the Chinese version of the RRS10, State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to examine the two-factor structure (reflection and brooding) of the RRS-10. The correlations among RRS-10, STAI, and BDI were explored in two samples. In addition, the measurement invariance of the RRS-10 across gender, time, and groups with and without depressive symptoms were further investigated. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also evaluated. Results: Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that the two-factor structure of RRS-10 fitted reasonably both in undergraduates (CFI = 0.933, TLI = 0.905, RMSEA = 0.071, SRMR = 0.035) and depressive patients (CFI = 0.941, TLI = 0.910, RMSEA = 0.077, SRMR = 0.057). The results of the multi-group confirmatory factor analysis supported the full strict invariance across genders and across groups (undergraduates and depressive patients). The full strong invariance over time was also supported by MGCFA. Besides, the RRS-10 showed acceptable internal consistency and good stability. Conclusions: The RRS-10 has good reliability and validity in different samples and over time, which demonstrated that RRS-10 is a valid measurement instrument to assess rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue He
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yalin Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Cheng
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shulin Fang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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Bilevicius E, Clark CC, Johnson EA, Keough MT. Ashamed and Alone—Risk Factors for Alcohol Craving Among Depressed Emerging Adults. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:540-546. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Comorbid alcohol use and depression have the highest prevalence among emerging adults and are associated with a number of consequences. Self-medication theory posits individuals with depression use alcohol to cope with their negative emotions. Preliminary work has investigated the social context of depression-related drinking and found that solitary drinking is a risky, atypical behaviour in emerging adulthood that is associated with alcohol misuse. However, it is unknown about what is unfolding in the moment that is driving depression-related drinking in solitary contexts. Accordingly, we used an experimental study to examine if shame mediated the association between depression and in-lab alcohol craving.
Methods
Emerging adults (N = 80) completed a shame induction followed by an alcohol cue exposure in either a solitary or social condition. We used moderated mediation to test hypotheses.
Results
Consistent with hypotheses, conditional indirect effects supported the mediation of depression and alcohol craving through shame among those in the solitary condition, but not in the social condition. There was no support for guilt as a mediator.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that shame is a specific emotional experience that contributes to solitary drinking among depressed emerging adults. It is important to use these results to inform interventions that directly target solitary contexts and shame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bilevicius
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Courtney C Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Edward A Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Matthew T Keough
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, North York, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
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23
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Becker SP, Burns GL, Smith ZR, Langberg JM. Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Adolescents with and without ADHD: Differentiation from Adolescent-Reported ADHD Inattention and Unique Associations with Internalizing Domains. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:391-406. [PMID: 31814060 PMCID: PMC7007365 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies support the internal and external validity of youth self-reported sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms. However, no study has examined SCT in adolescents without ADHD, examined whether adolescent self-reported SCT is distinct from adolescent self-reported ADHD inattention (ADHD-IN), or evaluated whether links between SCT and internalizing problems differ for adolescents with or without ADHD. The present study is the first to (1) determine the convergent and discriminant validity of self-reported SCT and ADHD-IN symptoms in both adolescents with and without ADHD, (2) test the invariance of SCT and ADHD-IN symptoms across ADHD and comparison groups, (3) examine SCT as uniquely related to a range of internalizing-relevant domains, and (4) evaluate if the association between SCT with internalizing correlates differs for adolescents with or without ADHD. Participants were adolescents (Mage = 13 years) with (n = 162) and without (n = 140) ADHD. Adolescents and parents completed measures of internalizing symptoms and emotion dysregulation; adolescents completed measures of rumination and suicidal ideation. Analyses indicated that 13 of the 15 SCT items demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity from ADHD-IN, and SCT and ADHD-IN demonstrated invariance across the ADHD and comparison groups and across sex. SCT, but not ADHD-IN, was uniquely associated with greater adolescent-reported internalizing symptoms and suicidal ideation. Both SCT and ADHD-IN were uniquely associated with adolescent-reported emotion dysregulation and parent-reported internalizing symptoms. Only ADHD-IN was uniquely associated with parent-reported emotion dysregulation. Findings support the differentiation of adolescent-reported SCT and ADHD-IN and demonstrate associations between SCT and increased internalizing problems in adolescents with and without ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - G Leonard Burns
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Zoe R Smith
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joshua M Langberg
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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24
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Thorslund J, McEvoy PM, Anderson RA. Group metacognitive therapy for adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders: A pilot study. J Clin Psychol 2020; 76:625-645. [PMID: 31916590 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) The metacognitive model suggests that beliefs about cognition maintain repetitive negative thinking (RNT), a transdiagnostic process that underlies commonly comorbid, emotional disorders. To date, there has been the limited application of metacognitive therapy (MCT) to adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate a six-session group transdiagnostic MCT program for adolescents with anxiety and/or depressive disorders. METHOD Participants (N = 10; 3 male, 7 female; average age 15.2 years) completed measures of metacognition and RNT at assessment, baseline period, during treatment, and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups. RESULTS Nine participants attended all six treatment sessions and one discontinued after four sessions. At posttreatment and follow-ups, the majority of participants no longer met diagnostic criteria for anxiety or depressive disorders and evidenced a clinically significant or reliable change in metacognitions and RNT. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that group MCT is promising in terms of acceptability and effectiveness for adolescents with anxiety and/or depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter M McEvoy
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Interventions, Perth, Australia
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25
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Training Adaptive Emotion Regulation Skills in Early Adolescents: The Effects of Distraction, Acceptance, Cognitive Reappraisal, and Problem Solving. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-019-10073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Allard ES, Yaroslavsky I. Attentional Disengagement Deficits Predict Brooding, but Not Reflection, Over a One-Year Period. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2282. [PMID: 31681088 PMCID: PMC6802600 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing literature suggests that rumination is linked to attentional disengagement deficits in depression. This is particularly the case with brooding, a maladaptive form of rumination. However, research on the potential constructive association between attentional disengagement and self-reflection, a putative adaptive form of rumination, is sparse. Thus, the goal of the present study was to examine whether visual attentional disengagement deficits differentially predict dispositional brooding and self-reflection tendencies. Depressed participants (n = 17), those in remission from depression (n = 42), and their peers with no depression histories (n = 70) completed clinical interviews, the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), and an eye-tracking task that measured attentional disengagement from pleasant (happy) and unpleasant (sad) facial images during a laboratory visit, and the RRS at 4 month intervals over a 1-year period. Results revealed that slow disengagement from sad faces, and rapid disengagement from happy faces, was specifically associated with brooding tendencies concurrently and across follow-up. Attentional disengagement was unrelated to self-reflection. The disengagement-brooding associations remained after controlling for depression status and anxiety disorder histories, suggesting that attentional control deficits may be a state-independent marker of brooding. Theoretical and clinical implications for these associations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Allard
- Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ilya Yaroslavsky
- Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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27
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Lawrence HR, Schwartz-Mette RA. Imagery and verbal thought during rumination and distraction: Does imagery amplify affective response? Cogn Emot 2019; 33:1006-1019. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2018.1535426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Wang J, Wang X, McWhinnie CM, Xiao J. Depressogenic Attributional Style and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese University Students: The Role of Rumination and Distraction. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-018-0298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Norell-Clarke A, Hagquist C. Child and adolescent sleep duration recommendations in relation to psychological and somatic complaints based on data between 1985 and 2013 from 11 to 15 year-olds. J Adolesc 2018; 68:12-21. [PMID: 30007217 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between sleep duration, sleep initiation difficulties and psychological and somatic complaints. METHODS We used three cohorts of cross-sectional Swedish questionnaire data, from the Health Behaviours of School aged Children (1985/1986, 2005/2006, 2013/2014, n=>18 000, aged 11-15). Specific complaints (e.g. pain) and total complaint load were used as outcomes of sleep duration, sleep initiation difficulties and the combination of them both. RESULTS Sleeping less than recommended and sleep initiation difficulties were associated with increased odds of specific complaints and belonging to the group with the greatest complaint load. The combination of short sleep duration and sleep initiation difficulties were associated with higher odds than either sleep issue alone. No interaction effects between time and sleep variables were found regarding complaints. CONCLUSIONS The findings support recent sleep duration recommendations. Further, sleep issues warrant a broad health assessment as they indicate a high likelihood of other complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Norell-Clarke
- Centre for Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Karlstad University, SE-651 88, Karlstad, Sweden.
| | - Curt Hagquist
- Centre for Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Karlstad University, SE-651 88, Karlstad, Sweden.
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30
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Kang Y, Rahrig H, Eichel K, Niles HF, Rocha T, Lepp NE, Gold J, Britton WB. Gender differences in response to a school-based mindfulness training intervention for early adolescents. J Sch Psychol 2018; 68:163-176. [PMID: 29861026 PMCID: PMC6174072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness training has been used to improve emotional wellbeing in early adolescents. However, little is known about treatment outcome moderators, or individual differences that may differentially impact responses to treatment. The current study focused on gender as a potential moderator for affective outcomes in response to school-based mindfulness training. Sixth grade students (N = 100) were randomly assigned to either the six weeks of mindfulness meditation or the active control group as part of a history class curriculum. Participants in the mindfulness meditation group completed short mindfulness meditation sessions four to five times per week, in addition to didactic instruction (Asian history). The control group received matched experiential activity in addition to didactic instruction (African history) from the same teacher with no meditation component. Self-reported measures of emotional wellbeing/affect, mindfulness, and self-compassion were obtained at pre and post intervention. Meditators reported greater improvement in emotional wellbeing compared to those in the control group. Importantly, gender differences were detected, such that female meditators reported greater increases in positive affect compared to females in the control group, whereas male meditators and control males displayed equivalent gains. Uniquely among females but not males, increases in self-reported self-compassion were associated with improvements in affect. These findings support the efficacy of school-based mindfulness interventions, and interventions tailored to accommodate distinct developmental needs of female and male adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Kang
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
| | - Hadley Rahrig
- Brown University Contemplative Studies Initiative, United States
| | - Kristina Eichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Medical School, United States
| | - Halsey F Niles
- Brown University Contemplative Studies Initiative, United States; Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Tomas Rocha
- Philasophy and Education, Columbia University, United States
| | - Nathaniel E Lepp
- Brown University Contemplative Studies Initiative, United States
| | - Jonathan Gold
- Brown University Contemplative Studies Initiative, United States; Moses Brown School, United States
| | - Willoughby B Britton
- Brown University Contemplative Studies Initiative, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Medical School, United States.
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31
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Weeland MM, Nijhof KS, Otten R, Vermaes IPR, Buitelaar JK. Beck's cognitive theory and the response style theory of depression in adolescents with and without mild to borderline intellectual disability. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 69:39-48. [PMID: 28806582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study tests the validity of Beck's cognitive theory and Nolen-Hoeksema's response style theory of depression in adolescents with and without MBID. METHODS The relationship between negative cognitive errors (Beck), response styles (Nolen-Hoeksema) and depressive symptoms was examined in 135 adolescents using linear regression. RESULTS The cognitive error 'underestimation of the ability to cope' was more prevalent among adolescents with MBID than among adolescents with average intelligence. This was the only negative cognitive error that predicted depressive symptoms. There were no differences between groups in the prevalence of the three response styles. In line with the theory, ruminating was positively and problem-solving was negatively related to depressive symptoms. Distractive response styles were not related to depressive symptoms. The relationship between response styles, cognitive errors and depressive symptoms were similar for both groups. CONCLUSION The main premises of both theories of depression are equally applicable to adolescents with and without MBID. The cognitive error 'Underestimation of the ability to cope' poses a specific risk factor for developing a depression for adolescents with MBID and requires special attention in treatment and prevention of depression. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS?: Despite the high prevalence of depression among adolescents with MBID, little is known about the etiology and cognitive processes that play a role in the development of depression in this group. The current paper fills this gap in research by examining the core tenets of two important theories on the etiology of depression (Beck's cognitive theory and Nolen-Hoeksema's response style theory) in a clinical sample of adolescents with and without MBID. This paper demonstrated that the theories are equally applicable to adolescents with MBID, as to adolescents with average intellectual ability. However, the cognitive bias 'underestimation of the ability to cope' was the only cognitive error related to depressive symptoms, and was much more prevalent among adolescents with MBID than among adolescents with average intellectual ability. This suggests that underestimating one's coping skills may be a unique risk factor for depression among adolescents with MBID. This knowledge is important in understanding the causes and perpetuating mechanisms of depression in adolescents with MBID, and for the development of prevention- and treatment programs for adolescents with MBID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine M Weeland
- Academic Workplace Inside-Out, Behaviour Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Pluryn Research & Development, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ede, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin S Nijhof
- Academic Workplace Inside-Out, Behaviour Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Pluryn Research & Development, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Otten
- Academic Workplace Inside-Out, Behaviour Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Pluryn Research & Development, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; The REACH Institute, Psychology Department, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA
| | - Ignace P R Vermaes
- Academic Workplace Inside-Out, Behaviour Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Pluryn Research & Development, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Schweizer TH, Olino TM, Dyson MW, Laptook RS, Klein DN. Developmental Origins of Rumination in Middle Childhood: The Roles of Early Temperament and Positive Parenting. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2017; 47:S409-S420. [PMID: 28885041 PMCID: PMC5843533 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1359787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rumination, a thinking style characterized by a repetitive inward focus on negative cognitions, has been linked to internalizing disorders, particularly depression. Moreover, research suggests that rumination may be a cognitive vulnerability that predisposes individuals to psychopathology. Surprisingly little is known, however, about the etiology and development of rumination. The present study examined the role of specific components of child temperamental negative emotionality (sadness, fear, anger) and effortful control (inhibition), as well as parenting behaviors during early childhood on the development of rumination in middle childhood. Early childhood (age 3) temperament and parenting behaviors were assessed observationally and rumination was self-reported in middle childhood (age 9) in a large community sample (N = 425; 47.1% female). Two significant interactions emerged. First, temperamental anger interacted with inhibitory control (IC) such that high anger and low IC predicted higher levels of rumination, whereas low anger and low IC predicted lower levels of rumination. Second, IC interacted with parenting such that children with low IC and positive parenting had lower levels of rumination. In contrast, children with high IC reported similar levels of rumination regardless of parenting quality. Overall, these findings highlight the interplay of early IC with temperamental anger and positive parenting in the development of ruminative tendencies in middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina H Schweizer
- a Department of Clinical/Community Psychology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - Margaret W Dyson
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of California , San Diego
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Wante L, Van Beveren ML, Theuwis L, Braet C. The effects of emotion regulation strategies on positive and negative affect in early adolescents. Cogn Emot 2017; 32:988-1002. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2017.1374242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wante
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Lotte Van Beveren
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lotte Theuwis
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Braet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Van Beveren ML, Harding K, Beyers W, Braet C. Don't worry, be happy: The role of positive emotionality and adaptive emotion regulation strategies for youth depressive symptoms. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 57:18-41. [PMID: 28833279 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low positive emotionality (PE) represents a temperamental vulnerability to depression in youth. Until now, little research has examined the mechanisms linking PE to depressive symptoms. Starting from integrated cognitive-affective models of depression, we aimed to study adaptive emotion regulation (ER) as a key underlying mechanism in the temperament-depression relationship. METHODS This study investigated whether adaptive ER strategies mediate the association between PE and depressive symptoms in a large community-based sample of youth, using a cross-sectional design. Participants were 1,655 youth (54% girls; 7-16 years, M = 11.41, SD = 1.88) who filled out a set of questionnaires assessing temperament, adaptive ER strategies, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Results revealed that low PE was significantly related to higher depressive symptoms among youth and that a lack of total adaptive ER abilities mediated this relationship. More specifically, the infrequent use of problem-solving appeared to be of significant importance. Problems in positive refocusing and a deficient use of forgetting mediated the relationships between low PE and high negative emotionality (NE) in predicting depressive symptoms. Reappraisal and distraction were not significant mediators. CONCLUSION Results highlight the need to account for temperamental PE and adaptive ER strategies when studying youth depression. The findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding on the differential role of temperamental risk factors for developing depressive symptoms at an early stage and advocate for greater attention to adaptive ER strategies. PRACTITIONER POINTS Clinical interventions for youth depression may be improved by incorporating adaptive emotion regulation (ER) strategies and enhancing positive emotions. Youth low in positive emotionality (PE) may especially benefit from learning adaptive ER skills. Clinical practitioners should focus on alleviating negative emotions and enhancing positive emotions, especially among youth low in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaitlin Harding
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, USA
| | - Wim Beyers
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Caroline Braet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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Cracco E, Goossens L, Braet C. Emotion regulation across childhood and adolescence: evidence for a maladaptive shift in adolescence. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:909-921. [PMID: 28190138 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional emotion regulation is an important predictor of psychopathology. Although many clinical programs focus on emotion regulation skills, the successful application of these programs in children and adolescents requires knowledge on the normative use of emotion regulation strategies over age. To this end, the current cross-sectional study examined changes in emotion regulation throughout childhood and adolescence. The use of seven adaptive and five maladaptive emotion regulation strategies was measured with the FEEL-KJ in a representative sample (N = 1397) of Dutch children and adolescents between 8 and 18 years old. Overall, the results indicated reduced use of adaptive strategies and increased use of maladaptive strategies in participants between 12 and 15 years old compared with younger or older participants. The findings of the current study indicate that adolescence is characterized by a maladaptive shift in emotion regulation. Given that the continued use of dysfunctional emotion regulation plays an important role in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, these results highlight the importance of prevention and treatment programs focused on emotion regulation to shield vulnerable adolescents against mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel Cracco
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lien Goossens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Braet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Compas BE, Jaser SS, Bettis AH, Watson KH, Gruhn MA, Dunbar JP, Williams E, Thigpen JC. Coping, emotion regulation, and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analysis and narrative review. Psychol Bull 2017; 143:939-991. [PMID: 28616996 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this meta-analytic and narrative review, we examine several overarching issues related to the study of coping, emotion regulation, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence, including the conceptualization and measurement of these constructs. We report a quantitative meta-analysis of 212 studies (N = 80,850 participants) that measured the associations between coping and emotion regulation with symptoms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Within the meta-analysis we address the association of broad domains of coping and emotion regulation (e.g., total coping, emotion regulation), intermediate factors of coping and emotion regulation (e.g., primary control coping, secondary control coping), and specific coping and emotion regulation strategies (e.g., emotional expression, cognitive reappraisal) with internalizing and externalizing symptoms. For cross-sectional studies, which made up the majority of studies included, we examine 3 potential moderators: age, measure quality, and single versus multiple informants. Finally, we separately consider findings from longitudinal studies as these provide stronger tests of the effects. After accounting for publication bias, findings indicate that the broad domain of emotion regulation and adaptive coping and the factors of primary control coping and secondary control coping are related to lower levels of symptoms of psychopathology. Further, the domain of maladaptive coping, the factor of disengagement coping, and the strategies of emotional suppression, avoidance, and denial are related to higher levels of symptoms of psychopathology. Finally, we offer a critique of the current state of the field and outline an agenda for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Compas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | | | | | - Kelly H Watson
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Meredith A Gruhn
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Jennifer P Dunbar
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Ellen Williams
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
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Vassilopoulos SP, Brouzos A, Tsorbatzoudis H, Tziouma O. Is positive thinking in anticipation of a performance situation better than distraction? An experimental study in preadolescents. Scand J Psychol 2017; 58:142-149. [PMID: 28252195 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current study compares the effects of experimentally induced positive anticipatory thinking and distraction in preadolescents aged 12-13. Eighty-seven participants were instructed to either engage in positive anticipatory thoughts or perform a distraction task while preparing to perform a sporting activity in front of their peers. Results revealed that trait social anxiety was associated with more negative estimates of sport performance and catastrophic thoughts relating to the impending sport activity. Additionally, compared to children who distracted, children in the positive anticipation condition showed significantly increased anxiety levels, more catastrophic thoughts and more negative predictions of sport performance and appearance, although these effects did not appear to interact with trait social anxiety. Finally, no significant manipulation effect on participants' observable behavior was found. The findings further highlight the utility of distracting from an impending, anxiety-provoking situation to keep anxious feelings to a low level.
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Blicher S, Feingold L, Shany M. The Role of Trait Anxiety and Preoccupation With Reading Disabilities of Children and Their Mothers in Predicting Children's Reading Comprehension. JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES 2017; 50:309-321. [PMID: 26869245 DOI: 10.1177/0022219415624101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between reading comprehension (RC), trait anxiety, and preoccupation with reading disability (RD) in 88 school children in Grades 3 through 5 and in their mothers. Children's trait anxiety had a significant direct negative relationship with RC and also mediated the association between preoccupation with RD and RC. Mothers' preoccupation with their children's RDs had a direct negative association with their children's RC. This association was also mediated through children's trait anxiety. No association was found between mothers' trait anxiety and children's RC. In a final model, RC was explained significantly by children's word reading fluency and trait anxiety as well as by their mothers' preoccupation with their children's RDs. This study extends our understanding of multicomponential models of RC by shedding light on the significant role played by anxiety- and preoccupation-related factors involving both children with RDs and their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liat Feingold
- 2 Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Israel
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Gomez-Baya D, Mendoza R, Paino S, Sanchez A, Romero N. Latent Growth Curve Analysis of Gender Differences in Response Styles and Depressive Symptoms during Mid-Adolescence. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-016-9822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kennedy SM, Ehrenreich-May J. Assessment of Emotional Avoidance in Adolescents: Psychometric Properties of a New Multidimensional Measure. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-016-9581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schneider RL, Arch JJ, Landy LN, Hankin BL. The Longitudinal Effect of Emotion Regulation Strategies on Anxiety Levels in Children and Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 47:978-991. [PMID: 27254420 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1157757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence linking emotion dysregulation to anxiety. However, few studies have examined this relationship longitudinally or developmentally. Additionally, no studies have specifically examined the predictive relevance of the emotion regulation skills taught in mindfulness- and acceptance-based therapies. We explore whether specific emotion regulation processes differentially predict specific anxiety symptoms over time among children and adolescents. METHODS Initial emotion non-awareness, nonacceptance, and difficulties with goal-directed behavior were assessed in a community sample (n = 312, age range = 8-16, mean age = 11.68, 59% female, 69% Caucasian). Social anxiety, separation anxiety, and physical anxiety symptoms were assessed every 3 months for 3 years. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the concurrent and longitudinal effects of emotion dysregulation assessed at baseline or 18 months on anxiety. RESULTS After controlling for depression, age, and gender, all three processes concurrently predicted physical and social anxiety, and all but nonacceptance predicted separation anxiety. Only difficulties with goal-directed behavior, however, predicted longitudinal change in separation anxiety over time with covariates. Additionally, emotion non-awareness and difficulties with goal-directed behavior predicted subsequent changes in social anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Emotion dysregulation may serve as a potential risk factor for the development of anxiety symptoms among youth. It may be beneficial to target reductions in maladaptive strategies in prevention or intervention work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Schneider
- b Department of Psychology and Neuroscience , University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Joanna J Arch
- b Department of Psychology and Neuroscience , University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Lauren N Landy
- b Department of Psychology and Neuroscience , University of Colorado Boulder
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42
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Agoston AM, Rudolph KD. Interactive Contributions of Cumulative Peer Stress and Executive Function Deficits to Depression in Early Adolescence. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2015; 36:1070-1094. [PMID: 28936024 PMCID: PMC5603320 DOI: 10.1177/0272431615593176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to peer stress contributes to adolescent depression, yet not all youth experience these effects. Thus, it is important to identify individual differences that shape the consequences of peer stress. This research investigated the interactive contribution of cumulative peer stress during childhood (second-fifth grades) and executive function (EF) deficits to depression during early adolescence (sixth grade). Youth (267 girls, 227 boys; X̄age at Wave 1 = 7.95, SD = .37) completed questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to assess peer stress and depression, respectively; teachers completed the Behavior Rating Scale of Executive Function to assess everyday performance in several EF domains. As anticipated, exposure to peer stress in childhood predicted heightened sixth-grade depression in girls but not boys with higher levels of EF deficits. This study extends theory and research on individual differences in vulnerability to adolescent depression, in turn elucidating potential intervention targets.
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Purcell R, Jorm AF, Hickie IB, Yung AR, Pantelis C, Amminger GP, Glozier N, Killackey E, Phillips L, Wood SJ, Mackinnon A, Scott E, Kenyon A, Mundy L, Nichles A, Scaffidi A, Spiliotacopoulos D, Taylor L, Tong JPY, Wiltink S, Zmicerevska N, Hermens D, Guastella A, McGorry PD. Transitions Study of predictors of illness progression in young people with mental ill health: study methodology. Early Interv Psychiatry 2015; 9:38-47. [PMID: 23889887 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM An estimated 75% of mental disorders begin before the age of 24 and approximately 25% of 13-24-year-olds are affected by mental disorders at any one time. To better understand and ideally prevent the onset of post-pubertal mental disorders, a clinical staging model has been proposed that provides a longitudinal perspective of illness development. This heuristic model takes account of the differential effects of both genetic and environmental risk factors, as well as markers relevant to the stage of illness, course or prognosis. The aim of the Transitions Study is to test empirically the assumptions that underpin the clinical staging model. Additionally, it will permit investigation of a range of psychological, social and genetic markers in terms of their capacity to define current clinical stage or predict transition from less severe or enduring to more severe and persistent stages of mental disorder. METHOD This paper describes the study methodology, which involves a longitudinal cohort design implemented within four headspace youth mental health services in Australia. Participants are young people aged 12-25 years who have sought help at headspace and consented to complete a comprehensive assessment of clinical state and psychosocial risk factors. A total of 802 young people (66% female) completed baseline assessments. Annual follow-up assessments have commenced. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study may have implications for the way mental disorders are diagnosed and treated, and progress our understanding of the pathophysiologies of complex mental disorders by identifying genetic or psychosocial markers of illness stage or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Purcell
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
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Orue I, Calvete E, Padilla P. Brooding rumination as a mediator in the relation between early maladaptive schemas and symptoms of depression and social anxiety in adolescents. J Adolesc 2014; 37:1281-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Cognitive Vulnerabilities for Depression and Anxiety in Childhood: Specificity of Anxiety Sensitivity and Rumination. Behav Cogn Psychother 2014; 44:30-42. [DOI: 10.1017/s1352465814000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background: Childhood anxiety and depression frequently co-occur. Exploring specificity in cognitive processes for anxiety and depression in childhood can provide insight into cognitive vulnerabilities contributing to the development of anxiety and depressive disorders and inform targeted psychological interventions. Anxiety sensitivity and rumination are robust cognitive vulnerabilities for anxiety and depression, respectively. However, despite conceptual similarities, they are rarely considered together within a single study. Aims: The current study explored specific and shared associations between anxiety sensitivity subscales and rumination and anxiety and depressive symptoms in unselected children. Method: Multiple regression analyses explored to what extent specific self-reported anxiety sensitivity subscales (physical, social and mental concerns) and rumination predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms in 147 unselected children, aged 7–11 years. Results: Physical and social concern subscales of anxiety sensitivity were specifically associated with anxiety, whilst rumination was specifically associated with depressive symptoms. The mental concerns subscale of anxiety sensitivity was independently associated with both anxiety and depressive symptoms. These associations were only partially mediated by rumination. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression in young people are characterized by specific and shared cognitions. Evidence for shared and specific associations between the cognitive vulnerabilities of anxiety sensitivity and rumination, and anxiety and depression highlight the utility of transdiagnostic research and confirm that cognitive therapies may benefit from targeting cognitive concerns relating specifically to the patient's presenting symptoms.
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Wirtz CM, Radkovsky A, Ebert DD, Berking M. Successful application of adaptive emotion regulation skills predicts the subsequent reduction of depressive symptom severity but neither the reduction of anxiety nor the reduction of general distress during the treatment of major depressive disorder. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108288. [PMID: 25330159 PMCID: PMC4203678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficits in general emotion regulation (ER) skills have been linked to symptoms of depression and are thus considered a promising target in the treatment of Major depressive disorder (MDD). However, at this point, the extent to which such skills are relevant for coping with depression and whether they should instead be considered a transdiagnostic factor remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether successful ER skills application is associated with changes in depressive symptom severity (DSS), anxiety symptom severity (ASS), and general distress severity (GDS) over the course of treatment for MDD. METHODS Successful ER skills application, DSS, ASS, and GDS were assessed four times during the first three weeks of treatment in 175 inpatients who met the criteria for MDD. We computed Pearson correlations to test whether successful ER skills application and the three indicators of psychopathology are cross-sectionally associated. We then performed latent growth curve modelling to test whether changes in successful ER skills application are negatively associated with a reduction of DSS, ASS, or GDS. Finally, we utilized latent change score models to examine whether successful ER skills application predicts subsequent reduction of DSS, ASS, or GDS. RESULTS Successful ER skills application was cross-sectionally associated with lower levels of DSS, ASS, and GDS at all points of assessment. An increase in successful skills application during treatment was associated with a decrease in DSS and GDS but not ASS. Finally, successful ER skills application predicted changes in subsequent DSS but neither changes in ASS nor changes in GDS. CONCLUSIONS Although general ER skills might be relevant for a broad range of psychopathological symptoms, they might be particularly important for the maintenance and treatment of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin M. Wirtz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Hesse, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen- Nuremberg, Erlangen, Baveria, Germany
| | - Anna Radkovsky
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Hesse, Germany
| | - David D. Ebert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Hesse, Germany
- Division for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department for Psychology, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Matthias Berking
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen- Nuremberg, Erlangen, Baveria, Germany
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Odou N, Brinker J. Self-compassion, a better alternative to rumination than distraction as a response to negative mood. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2014.967800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Braet C, Theuwis L, Van Durme K, Vandewalle J, Vandevivere E, Wante L, Moens E, Verbeken S, Goossens L. Emotion Regulation in Children with Emotional Problems. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-014-9616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Dissociable self effects for emotion regulation: a study of Chinese major depressive outpatients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:390865. [PMID: 24804219 PMCID: PMC3996314 DOI: 10.1155/2014/390865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reappraisal is an adaptive emotion regulation strategy while the role of self-perspective in reappraisal process of depressed patients is largely unknown in terms of goals (valence/arousal) and tactics (detachment/immersion). In this study, 12 depressed individuals and 15 controls were scanned with MRI during which they either attend naturally to emotional stimuli, or adopt detachment/immersion strategy. Behaviorally, no group differences in self-reported emotion regulation effectiveness were found. In addition, we observed that (1) patients were less able to downregulate amygdala activation with recruitment of more dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) when adopting detachment strategy regardless of valence, and this preserved ability to regulate emotion was inversely associated with severity of symptoms; (2) patients had deficits in upregulating amygdala activation when adopting immersion strategy, with less inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) activation and strengthening coupling of dlPFC and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) with amygdala; (3) comparison between groups yielded that patients showed stronger vmPFC activation under either self-detached or self-immersed condition. In conclusion, impaired modulatory effects of amygdala in depressed patients are compensated with strengthening cognitive control resources, with dissociable effects for different self-perspectives in reappraisal. These results may help clarify the role of self-perspective underlying reappraisal in major depression.
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Connolly SL, Wagner CA, Shapero BG, Pendergast LL, Abramson LY, Alloy LB. Rumination prospectively predicts executive functioning impairments in adolescents. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2014; 45:46-56. [PMID: 23978629 PMCID: PMC4098857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The current study tested the resource allocation hypothesis, examining whether baseline rumination or depressive symptom levels prospectively predicted deficits in executive functioning in an adolescent sample. The alternative to this hypothesis was also evaluated by testing whether lower initial levels of executive functioning predicted increases in rumination or depressive symptoms at follow-up. METHODS A community sample of 200 adolescents (ages 12-13) completed measures of depressive symptoms, rumination, and executive functioning at baseline and at a follow-up session approximately 15 months later. RESULTS Adolescents with higher levels of baseline rumination displayed decreases in selective attention and attentional switching at follow-up. Rumination did not predict changes in working memory or sustained and divided attention. Depressive symptoms were not found to predict significant changes in executive functioning scores at follow-up. Baseline executive functioning was not associated with change in rumination or depression over time. CONCLUSIONS Findings partially support the resource allocation hypothesis that engaging in ruminative thoughts consumes cognitive resources that would otherwise be allocated towards difficult tests of executive functioning. Support was not found for the alternative hypothesis that lower levels of initial executive functioning would predict increased rumination or depressive symptoms at follow-up. Our study is the first to find support for the resource allocation hypothesis using a longitudinal design and an adolescent sample. Findings highlight the potentially detrimental effects of rumination on executive functioning during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Connolly
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States,Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 215 204 6852; fax: +1 215 204 5539
| | - Clara A. Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Benjamin G. Shapero
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Laura L. Pendergast
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Lyn Y. Abramson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Lauren B. Alloy
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
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